African Imperialism

Grab a Human Record book off the Shelf

Images of Imperialism Grab a Human Record book Turn to page 304 Read the introduction to the pictures Answer questions 1-6 on a sheet of paper

Imperialism Take a moment and write down your definition of ImperialismThe policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies.

Motives for Imperialism: Political Competing for Prestige

Rise of Nationalism French want to reclaim respect after loss to Prussians British want to protect India Smaller states looking to play a role

Colonial leaders personal ambitions Distance Easier to conquer than to negotiate

Motives for Imperialism: Cultural Religion

Christian missionaries as part of a religious revival in Europe

Moral duty to spread civilization Darwin’s Theories leads to racist classification of peoples

Motives for Imperialism: Economic Industrial Revolution

Increased demand for raw materials Coal, tin, copper, chrome, manganese, gold, diamonds, sugar, coffee,

tea, tobacco

Depression 1870’s-1890’s leads to:Merchants demand secure source of raw materialsEntrepreneurs looking to other countries for investment opportunities

Risky, want backing of their own government to protect their assets

Enabling Forces Machine gun for Europeans

Battle of Omdurman

Steam EngineCommunicationQuinineVaried culture and language Wars between ethnic groups

Direct vs. Indirect Rule Direct Rule

A member of the imperialist nation is in control of the colony

Indirect Rule Imperialist nation allows the governing body to be made of indigenous people under the watch of the Imperial advisor

Depended in large part on whether the white settlers were in the minority or the majority

Scramble for Africa In 1879 90% of Africa was ruled by Africans

Internal portions of Africa hard to reach Large kingdoms

In a decade Europeans divided the continent

Egypt Khedives trying to modernize the country

Borrow large sums from Europe with high interest

Huge debt payments consumes 1/3 of the countries export earnings Sells shares in the Suez Canal to Great Britain to avoid bankruptcy

Still does not satisfy the bankers

Egypt Forced to appoint French and British to positions in government Taxes increased to help pay the debt

Causes civil unrest Ottoman Sultan deposes Ismail

Military uprising threatens Suez Canal British send army into Egypt in 1882 and rule indirectly

Adventure Seekers Wanted American journalist Henry Morton Stanley convinces the King of Belgium to invest his personal fortune into acquiring the interior of Africa

Berlin ConferenceCalled for by Bismarck 1884-1885Austria–Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden–Norway (union until 1905), the Ottoman Empire, and the United States

Berlin ConferenceLeopold II convinces other nations that African trade is beneficial to all Rules to the scramble for African Territory

Berlin Conference Niger and Congo rivers open to all trade vessels Country must actually possess a colony to claim a colony

Must be there doing something

Slave trade banned All new territorial acquisitions must be announced

Berlin ConferenceWhy would Europe feel they had the right to do this?What were some of the problems caused by this conference?If you were an African how would you feel about this treatment?