1. + Women & Sexism Voice, Worldview, Clinical implications
and their application to practiceP. Max QuinnMulticultural
CounselingBridgewater State University
2. + 1848 1893 n 1890 National American Woman Suffrage
Association (NAWSA) is formed Waged state-by-staten 1848 1st Womens
Rights convention was held in Seneca campaigns to obtain voting
rights Falls, NY for womenn 1850 1st National Womens n 1893
Colorado is 1st state to Rights Convention takes place adopt
amendment granting in Worcester, MA women the right to vote. n
National Conventions were n Utah & Idaho in 1896 held yearly
through 1860 n Washington State in 1910n 1869 National Woman n
California in 1911 Suffrage Association was n Oregon, Kansas &
Arizona & 1912 formed n Alaska & Illinois in 1913 n GOAL:
Achieve voting rights n Montana & Nevada in 1914 for Women via
Congressional Amendment to US n New York in 1917 Constitution n
Michigan, S. Dakota, & Oklahoma n Wyoming passes 1st womens in
1918 suffrage law Women begin serving on Juries in 1870
3. + 1896 1920 n 1896 National Association of n 1916 1st US
Birth-Control Colored Women is formed Clinic is opened in Brooklyn,
NY n 1903 National Womens Trade n Clinic was shut down 10 Union
League (WTUL) is days later, but in 1923, established Advocates for
Margaret Sanger opened improved wages and working another clinic in
New York conditions for women City n 1913 Congressional Union is n
1919 The Federal Woman formed to obtain passage of Suffrage
Amendment (written federal amendment to give by Susan B. Anthony)
is passed women the right to vote. Later by the House of named
National Womens Party Representatives and the Senate. Sent to
states for Ratification. - August 26, 1920 19th Amendment granting
women the right to vote is signed into law!
4. + 1921 - 1964n 1921 - Margaret Sanger founds n 1960 The Food
and Drug the American Birth Control Administration approves League
Birth Control Pills n Later evolves into the Planned Parenthood
Federation of n 1961 President John F. America in 1942 Kennedy
establishes the Presidents Commission on then 1935 National Council
of Negro Status of Women Women is organized n 1963 Congress passes
then 1936 A federal law to prohibit the Equal Pay Act, making it
dissemination of contraceptive illegal for employees to pay
information through the mail is a woman less than what a modified
and birth control man would make doing the information is no longer
classified same job as obscene n 1964 Title VII of the Civiln 1955
Daughters of Bilitis (DOB) is Rights Act bars founded as the first
lesbian discrimination in organization in the US employment on the
basis of race and sex
5. + 1964 - 1972 n 1968 The EEOC rules that sex-segregated help
wantedn 1964 Equal Employment ads in newspapers are illegal
Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is n 1969 California becomes
established to investigate the 1st state to adopt a no complaints
and impose penalties fault divorce law, whichn 1965 Griswold v
Connecticut - allows couples to divorce by Supreme Court decision
to prohibit mutual consent the use of contraceptives by n By 1985
every state had married couples adopted a similar lawn 1966 The
National Organization n 1972 The Equal Rights for Women (NOW) is
founded Amendment (ERA) is passed by Congressn 1967 Executive Order
11375 n Eisenstadt v Baird - expands affirmative action policy
Supreme Court rules that of 1965 to cover discrimination the right
to privacy based on gender includes an unmarried persons right to
use contraceptives
6. + 1972 - 1978n 1972 Title IX of the Education Amendments
bans sex n 1976 The 1st marital rape law is discrimination in
schools enacted in Nebraska, making it n As a result, enrollment of
women in illegal for a husband to rape his wife athletic programs
and professional schools increases dramaticallyn 1973 Roe v Wade
Supreme Court n 1978 The pregnancy established a womens right to
safe Discrimination Act bans and legal abortion, overriding the
employment against pregnant anti-abortion laws of many states
women. A woman cannot be fired or denied a job or a promotion
becausen 1974 The Equal Credit Opportunity she is or may become
pregnant, nor Act prohibits discrimination in can she be forced to
take a consumer credit practices on the pregnancy leave if she is
willing basis of sex, race, marital status, and able to work
religion, national origin, or receipt of public assistance
7. + n 1994 The Violence Against 1984 1999 Women Act tightens
federal penalties for sex offenders, funds services for victims of
rape and n 1984 EMILYs List (Early domestic violence, and provides
Money Is Like Yeast) is for special training of police established
as a financial officers network for pro-choice n 1996 United States
v Virginia Democratic women running Supreme Court rules that all-
for national political office male Virginia Military School has to
admit women in order to n 1986 Meritor Savings Bank v continue to
receive public Vinson Supreme Court finds funding that sexual
harassment is a form of illegal job n 1999 Kolstad v American
Dental discrimination Association Supreme Court rules that a woman
can sue for n 1992 Planned Parenthood v punitive damages for sex
discrimination if the anti- Casey Supreme Court discrimination law
was violated reaffirms the validity of a with malice or
indifference to the womans right to abortion law, even if the
conduct was not under Roe V Wade especially severe
8. + 2000 Present Day n 2009 President Obama signed n 2003
Nevada Department of the Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Human Resources v
Hibbs Restoration Act, which allows Supreme Court rules that
victims of pay discrimination to states can be sued in federal
court for violations of the file a complaint with the Family Leave
Medical Act government against their employer within 180 days of
their n 2005 Jackson v Birmingham last paycheck. Board of Education
Supreme Court rules that Title IX also inherently prohibits
disciplining someone for complaining about sex-based discrimination
n 2006 Supreme Court upholds the ban on the partial-birth abortion
procedure Upholds the Partial-Birth Abortion Act
9. A Womans Voice:Values, Norms, Behaviors, and Worldview + The
impact on the counseling process
10. +
11. +Because I am a woman, I must make unusual efforts to
succeed. If I fail, no one will say, She doesnt have what it takes.
They will say, Women dont have what it takes. ~Clare Boothe Luce
Clinical Implications & Application to Practice The emotional,
sexual, and psychological stereotyping of females begins when the
doctor says, "Its a girl." ~Shirley Chisholm
http://whoneedsfeminism.tumblr.com/
12. + Best Practices: Counseling Women Why should counselors
demonstrate an awareness of Womens Oppression when counseling them?
What is the potential impact of this information on the counseling
process?
13. + The Four Forces Psychodynamic Cognitive-Behavioral
Existential-Humanistic Multicultural
14. + Best Practices: Counseling Women Gender politics
influence how we see ourselves as girls(and boys) and women (and
men) throughout the course of our lives... Girls = sweet,
sensitive, and docile Boys = strong, stoic, and brave A womans
sense of identity and self-concept develop in the context of
relationships Foster mutuality, relational capacities, and growth
in connection
15. + Principles of Counseling WomenThe Personal is Political
Personal or individual problems that individuals bring to
counseling originate in a political and social contextCommitment to
Social Change Inspire direct action for social changeWomens and
Girls Voices and Ways of Knowing are Valuesand their Experiences
are Honored Replace patriarchal objective truth with feminist
consciousness, which acknowledges diverse ways of knowing The
valuing and facilitation of womens voices in and out of therapy
directly counteracts the often forced silence of women and
contributes to an ultimate change in the body politic of
society
16. + Principles of Counseling WomenThe Counseling Relationship
if Egalitarian Take measures to strive for an egalitarian
relationship, keeping in mind that the client is the expert in her
own lifeA Focus on Strengths and a Reformulated definition
ofPsychological Distress Consider intrapsychic factors as only
partial explanations for the pain that people bring to therapy
Psychological distress is reframed, not as disease but as a
communication about unjust systemsAll Types of Oppression are
Recognized Women can be best understood in the context of their
sociocultural environments Acknowledge that and political
inequalities have a negative effect on all people
17. + n Become aware of your own gender-role socialization
process n Identify internalized messages and replace them with more
self-enhancing beliefs Understand how sexist and oppressiveDO the
following... n societal beliefs and practices influence you and
your clients in negative ways n Acquire skills to bring about
change in the environment n Restructure institutions to rid them of
discriminatory practices n Evaluate the impact on social factors on
the lives if you and your clients n Develop a sense of personal and
social power n Recognize the power of relationships and
connectedness n Trust the clients own experience and their
intuition
18. + n n Make assumptions or think you know Make general or
broad statements about what women value (each women may value
different things, and you do not want to offend them or assume) n
DO value the female perspective: Traditionally held notions of
feminine traits (e.g., empathy, intuitiveness, cooperation,
affiliation) are oftenDONT do the devalued in U.S. culture, so
female clientsfollowing... often learn to devalue these traits in
themselves (Choate, 2009) n Ask too personal or intimate of
questions at the onset of the counseling relationship (gauge
openness of the client) n Make comments on physical appearance
(clothing, hair, weight loss, etc...) n Make inappropriate jokes
(it is very easy for good intentions to be perceived poorly)
19. + The End J
20. + BibliographyChoate, L. H. (2009, March). Girls and Womens
Issues in Counseling: ATheory-Based Course Design [Electronic
version]. Counselor Education &Supervision,48, 179-190.Corey,
G. (2009).Theory and Practice of Counseling andPsychotherapy(8th
ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole.Gutwill, S., Gitter, A.,
& Rubin, L. (2011). The Womens Therapy CentreInstitute: The
Personal is Political.Women & Therapy.
doi:10.1080/02703149.2011.532703Imbornoni, A. (2009). In Womens
Rights Movement in the U.S.. RetrievedJune 16, 2012, from
http://www.infoplease.com/spot/womenstimeline1.htmlJun, H.
(2010).Social justice, multicultural counseling, and practice:
beyonda conventional approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Publications, Inc.Spain, D. (2011, March). Womens Rights and
Gendered Spaces in 1970sBoston [Electronic version].Frontiers: A
journal of women studies,32(1),152-171.