Urbanisation And Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Case Study Of
Mumbai
Sarika Kansal
IGIDR, Mumbai
Different types of Solid Waste
Municipal Solid Waste
Industrial Solid Waste
Hazardous Solid Waste
Present Scenario of Solid Waste Management in India
• 100-500 grams per capita waste
• Dirty streets and cities
• Unhygienic conditions
• Loss of reusable / recyclable material
• Pollution due to burning of waste
• Local as well as global air pollution
Municipal Solid Waste Management in Mumbai
• MCGB • Bombay Municipal Corporation (B.M.C.) Act
1888.• 6256 tones per day waste generated in Mumbai.• Per capita waste generated is 0.450 kg, highest in
Indian cities• One of the best waste management systems in
India.
Map Showing Different wards (24) of Mumbai
Waste Disposal Options
• Sanitary Land-filling (Open Dump) method
• Composting and Vermi-composting
• Incineration
• Pelletization
• Gasification / Pyrolysis
• Anaerobic treatment of solid waste
• Conversion to biogas
Landfill sites (Open dumps) in Mumbai
Location Area(Hectares)
Quantity received in TPD
Deonar 111 3140
Mulund 25.20 275
Chincholi 19.22 1163
Gorai 14.5 424
Formal and Informal sector in SWM
• Formal sector: Municipality • Staff – 39,845• Collection efficiency – 90% (Municipal Data)• Informal sector: Rag pickers • 1,00,000 rag pickers• Collect 25 % (excluding debris)• Sell reusable of value Rs. 900 million every year• No coordination between two sectors
Composition of MSW in Mumbai
Composition of Municipal solid waste in Mumbai
15%0.75%
0.80%
0.40%
35%
37.50%
10.55%
Paper and cardboard
Plastics
Metals (ferrous)
Glass
Sand & fine earth
Compostable matter
Others
Budget Provision for Solid Waste Management Services in Mumbai
250 247314 350
400
0
100
200
300
400
500
1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000
2000-2001
Year
Rs.
cro
re
Problems of MSW Management in Mumbai
• Overflowing Community Bins• Waste littering in many places• Waste Management services not satisfactory
Reasons
• Institutional deficiencies (Problem of Governance)– Lack of coordination between different departments for
MSW management services.
– Low Productivity of solid waste management staff
• Lack of public participation
Possible Environmental Impact of Waste
• Open dumping: • Degradation of land resources• Health Impacts• Contamination of surface and groundwater supplies
• Open burning: Urban air pollution
• Decomposition of organic wastes: release of methane which contributes to greenhouse effect.
Impact of SWM on Environmental Resources
Environmental Resources
Activities connected to SWM
Collection + Transport
Dumping
Burning
Sorting
Land -ve +ve +ve
Air -ve -ve -ve +ve
Water -ve +ve
Future Research Direction
• Estimation of health impact on Waste pickers and general public
• How to encourage Community Participation (Economic instruments, Legislations, Force)?
• Estimation of contribution of waste on global environment
• How to promote efficient municipal government?