Urbanisation And Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Case Study Of

Mumbai

Sarika Kansal

IGIDR, Mumbai

Different types of Solid Waste   

Municipal Solid Waste   

Industrial Solid Waste    

Hazardous Solid Waste   

  

Present Scenario of Solid Waste Management in India

• 100-500 grams per capita waste

• Dirty streets and cities

• Unhygienic conditions

• Loss of reusable / recyclable material

• Pollution due to burning of waste

• Local as well as global air pollution

Municipal Solid Waste Management in Mumbai

• MCGB • Bombay Municipal Corporation (B.M.C.) Act

1888.• 6256 tones per day waste generated in Mumbai.• Per capita waste generated is 0.450 kg, highest in

Indian cities• One of the best waste management systems in

India.

Map Showing Different wards (24) of Mumbai

Waste Disposal Options

• Sanitary Land-filling (Open Dump) method

• Composting and Vermi-composting

• Incineration

• Pelletization

• Gasification / Pyrolysis

• Anaerobic treatment of solid waste

• Conversion to biogas

Landfill sites (Open dumps) in Mumbai

Location Area(Hectares)

Quantity received in TPD

Deonar 111 3140

Mulund 25.20 275

Chincholi 19.22 1163

Gorai 14.5 424

Formal and Informal sector in SWM

• Formal sector: Municipality • Staff – 39,845• Collection efficiency – 90% (Municipal Data)• Informal sector: Rag pickers • 1,00,000 rag pickers• Collect 25 % (excluding debris)• Sell reusable of value Rs. 900 million every year• No coordination between two sectors

Composition of MSW in Mumbai

Composition of Municipal solid waste in Mumbai

15%0.75%

0.80%

0.40%

35%

37.50%

10.55%

Paper and cardboard

Plastics

Metals (ferrous)

Glass

Sand & fine earth

Compostable matter

Others

Budget Provision for Solid Waste Management Services in Mumbai

250 247314 350

400

0

100

200

300

400

500

1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000

2000-2001

Year

Rs.

cro

re

Problems of MSW Management in Mumbai

• Overflowing Community Bins• Waste littering in many places• Waste Management services not satisfactory

Reasons

• Institutional deficiencies (Problem of Governance)– Lack of coordination between different departments for

MSW management services.

– Low Productivity of solid waste management staff

• Lack of public participation

Possible Environmental Impact of Waste

• Open dumping: • Degradation of land resources• Health Impacts• Contamination of surface and groundwater supplies

• Open burning: Urban air pollution

• Decomposition of organic wastes: release of methane which contributes to greenhouse effect.

Impact of SWM on Environmental Resources

Environmental Resources

Activities connected to SWM

  Collection + Transport

Dumping

Burning

Sorting

Land   -ve +ve +ve

Air -ve -ve -ve +ve

Water   -ve   +ve

Future Research Direction

• Estimation of health impact on Waste pickers and general public

• How to encourage Community Participation (Economic instruments, Legislations, Force)?

• Estimation of contribution of waste on global environment

• How to promote efficient municipal government?