WHAT IS
‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ ?
WHAT IS
‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ ?
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
The term ‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ IS :
wide-ranging
multi-disciplinary
philosophical
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
Tannahill (1985) offers a practical
model, which brings together 3
service components with
overlapping roles and concerns
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
Health
Education
Health
Education
Preventive Services
Preventive Services
Health Protection
Health Protection
WHAT HEALTH are we promoting ?
WHAT HEALTH are we promoting ?
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
WHO ‘definition’ is actually a
political slogan in the
Constitution (1946)
“a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity”
“a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity”
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
‘HEALTH FOR ALL’
has a more functional and
utilitarian approach
To attain a level of health that will permit people to lead a socially and economically productive life
To attain a level of health that will permit people to lead a socially and economically productive life
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
‘HEALTH is a resource for everyday living….”
(WHO)
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
Health
Education
Health
Education
Preventive Services
Preventive Services
Health Protection
Health Protection
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
WELL EARLY DISEASE LATE DISEASE DEATH
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
LEVELS OF PREVENTIONPrevention
is an important
component. It has a strong
intuitive appeal
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
IMPORTANT REMINDER :
Be Evidence-Based
Do Research and Evaluation
Use Appropriate Technology
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
Guide to Clinical Preventive Services
US Preventive Services Task Force
Canadian Task Force on Periodic Health Examination
MOH Clinical Practice Guidelines 6/2003 – Health Screening
Comprehensive reviews of the scientific basis for preventive services
ExamplesPrimary
prevention is
desirable, but
limited by
knowledge
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
Immunization
Proper and adequate nutrition
Weight control
Exercise prescription
identification of
disease or defect ….
PresumptivePresumptive
unrecognizedunrecognized
is an
important
strategy
SCREENINGSCREENING
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
(1) Suitable Disease
CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS IN SCREENING :
CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS IN SCREENING :
(a) Major public health problem
(b) Identifiable pre-clinical phase
(c) Early treatment effective
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
(2) Suitable Test
CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS IN SCREENING :
CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS IN SCREENING :
(a) Simple to apply and interpret
(b) Cheap (cost-effective)
(c) Painless and safe
(d) Accurate and reproducible
(e) Acceptable to people
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
(3) Suitable Organization
CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS IN SCREENING :
CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS IN SCREENING :
(a) Call and recall of appropriate subjects
(b) Adequate and coordinated follow-up
(c) Quality assurance
(d) On-going evaluation
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
– general population
– high-risk groups
Screening may be directed at :Screening may be directed at :
– hypertension
– diabetes mellitus
– coronary heart disease
– anaemia
– nutritional disorders
– tuberculosis
– cervix cancer
– breast cancer
Examples :
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
We must go beyond the laboratory, the doctor’s office and the hospital
We must go beyond the laboratory, the doctor’s office and the hospital
Health
Education
Health
Education
Preventive Services
Preventive Services
Health Protection
Health Protection
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
Knowledge
Beliefs
Attitude
Practice (Behaviour)
Health Education is not just the passive transmission of information.
(BEWARE OF INFORMATION OVERLOAD)
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
Educational
messages
must
– Achievements in tobacco control
– Successes in smoking cessation
– Health benefits of non-smoking
Examples :
EXCITEEXCITE
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
Educational
messages
must
– Non-smokers staying off tobacco
– Smokers helped to quit
Examples :
ENCOURAGEENCOURAGE
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
Educational
messages
must
– How non-smokers can fight temptation
– Enable smokers to quit the habit
Examples :
EQUIPEQUIP
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
Educational
messages
must
– Adopt non-smoking as desired way of life
– Advocate for non-smoking and anti-smoking policies
Examples :
EMPOWEREMPOWER
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
We need to move away from vertical, disease – oriented programmes :
CHD Ca DM
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Let us take the risk-factor approach
CHD Ca DM
Smoking Diet Exercise
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
Take the messages to different arenas :
General Public
Schools
Workplace
Healthcare facilities
Community facilities
We continue to go beyond the laboratory, the doctor’s office and the hospital
We continue to go beyond the laboratory, the doctor’s office and the hospital
Health
Education
Health
Education
Preventive Services
Preventive Services
Health Protection
Health Protection
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
HEALTH PROTECTION : regulations and policies that help to create a supportive healthful environment
– control of environmental hazards
– restriction of smoking in public
– quarantine measures
Examples :
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
Public Health Laws are necessary :
to protect individuals, families and the community
to inculcate responsible and healthful behavior and practices
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
In any society, there is a need to balance :
Individual Liberty
Individual Liberty
Public Good
Public Good
versus
Public Agencies have a very important role in Health PromotionPublic Agencies have a very important role in Health Promotion
- political commitment
- policy direction
- funding and other resources
- implementation and enforcement
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION
SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT
KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
ACTIONS FOR HEALTH
TOTAL COMMUNITY EFFORT
HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION