WELL-BEING AND ENHANCING FOOD
SECURITY: MEASURING WHAT MATTERS
TO AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITIES
S U L A I M A N M . Y A S S I N , U I M - Y B K C H A I R
P R O F E S S O R I N W E L L - B E I N G
A G R E X 2 0 1 7
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017 1
WHY WELL-BEING •Objective and subjective well-being –what really matters
for people – are more and more disconnected from GDP;
• Environmental sustainability is not at all accounted for by
GDP;
•Un-measurability means invisibility, or, as the saying goes,
“what is not measured is not managed”;
•Measuring is governing: indicators determine policies and
actions.
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017 2
THE DOMINANCE OF GDP MEASURE
• SIMON KUZNETS (1901-1985)
• FUNDED BY U.S. NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMICS RESEARCH
• IN 1934, SUBMITTED A REPORT TO CONGRESS WHICH CREATED A
LASTING IMPACT
• STUDIED NATIONAL INCOME DATA, BUSINESS CYCLE,
CHARACTERISTICS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
• GDP MEASURES HAS PERVADED GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROGRESS AND
AS A PROXY OF OVERALL DEVELOPMENT
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017 5
Digitized for FRASER
http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
“The welfare of a
nation can, therefore,
scarcely be inferred
from a measurement
of national income as
defined above.”
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017 6
THE ROOT OF DEVELOPMENT
• French, to wrap like a flower bud
volepper
• To unwrap the flower bud
• Revealing the beauty inside developper
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017 7
THE WELL-BEING EVIDENCE
One of the key aims of a democratic government is to promote the good life: a flourishing society where citizens
are happy, healthy, capable, and engaged – in other words with high levels of well-being.
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017
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DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017
“Well-being is a broader conscious assessment
of one's life situation.
It reflects one's Quality of Life and level of
happiness In being well“
LIKE AS HUMAN BEINGS, WE SAY “BEING HUMAN”
IN WELL-BEING, WE SAY, “BEING WELL”
WELL-BEING IN VERY SIMPLE TERMS
10
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017 19
High Level Consultation “Integrating Nutrition into ASEAN
Integrated Food Security Framework and its Strategic
Plan of Action for Food Security” Bangkok 2013
• KEPUASAN KEDUA-DUA KEPERLUAN MATERIAL DAN
KEROHANIAN
• KEDUA-DUA KEPERLUAN INI ADALAH SALING BERKAITAN.
JIKA SALAH SATU KEPERLUAN ITU DIABAIKAN, IANYA
MEMBERI KESAN KEPADA KEPERLUAN YANG LAIN ITU
WHAT IS WELL-BEING?
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017 24
LEGATUM PROSPERITY INDEX (LONDON)
The Legatum Institute's
signature annual
publication is the
Prosperity Index, a unique
global assessment of
national prosperity based
on both wealth and
wellbeing. DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017
Malaysia
RANKED 38 TH OF 149
Economic Quality 23rd
Business Environment 16th
Governance 40th
Education 31st
Health 37th
Safety & Security 58th
Personal Freedom 112th
Social Capital 33rd
Natural Environment 49th
25
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017 27
1.Free market, but people not so free.
Personal freedom must match economic
freedom for Malaysia to prosper.
2.Want to be an entrepreneur? Start a
business in 6 days in Malaysia.
3.Malaysia’s lost growth. Get more women
into the workforce to supercharge growth.
SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX ( WA S H I N G T O N , D . C . )
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017
Global Standard
The Social Progress Index is based on a range of
social and environmental outcome indicators
organized within three dimensions of social progress:
Basic Human Needs, Foundations of Wellbeing, and
Opportunity
28
SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX
BASIC HUMAN NEEDS
FOUNDATIONS OF WELLBEING
Nutrition & Basic Medical Care
Access to Basic Knowledge
Personal Rights
Water & Sanitation Access to Information & Communications
Personal Freedom & Choice
Shelter Health & Wellness Tolerance &
Inclusion
Personal Safety Ecosystem
Sustainability Access to Advanced Education
OPPORTUNITY
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017 29
PERSPEKTIF KESEJAHTERAAN SUBJEKTIF: YBK/UPM (SULAIMAN ET
AL. 2015)
• kesejahteraan persekitaran,
• kesejahteraan keseimbangan pekerjaan & kehidupan,
• kesejahteraan pendidikan,
• kesejahteraan politik,
• kesejahteraan kesihatan fizikal,
• kesejahteraan psikologi,
• kesejahteraan budaya,
• kesejahteraan kemudahan fizikal
• kesejahteraan keselamatan,
• kesejahteraan sosial,
• kesejahteraan ekonomi
• kesejahteraan spiritual.
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017 Rajah 1: Model konseptual kesejahteraan subjektif YBK-UPM
31
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017
Kumpulan manakah
mempunyai TERAS
SOSIAL yang terbaik?
3.78
3.83
3.75 3.8 3.85
Lelaki
Perempuan
Perempuan
3.79
3.82
3.76 3.78 3.8 3.82 3.84
Bandar
Pedalaman
Pedalaman
3.68
3.74
3.82
3.85
3.91
3.4 3.6 3.8 4
Cina
B. Sabah
India
Melayu
B. Sarawak
B. Sarawak 3.47
3.6
3.72
3.76
3.77
3.78
3.78
3.88
3.91
3.93
4.04
4.05
3 3.5 4 4.5
Petaling
K.Kinabalu
Kuala Langat
Batu Pahat
Bintulu
Johor Bharu
Kemaman
Ranau
Sg Petani
Kuala Terengganu
Yan
Kuching
Kuching
3.7
3.79
3.82
3.84
3.85
3.6 3.8 4
RM2501-RM3500
RM751-RM1500
RM1501-RM2500
<RM750
>RM3501
>RM3,501
3.7 3.75 3.8 3.85 3.9
<25 tahun
25-40 tahun
>40 tahun
>40 tahun
32
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017
Kumpulan manakah yang
mempunyai TERAS
INDIVIDU yang terbaik?
3.95
4.05
3.9 4 4.1
PEREMPUAN
LELAKI
Lelaki
3.96
4.02
3.9 3.95 4 4.05
BANDAR
RURAL
Luar Bandar
3.7
3.97
4.05
4.06
4.07
3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2
B. SABAH
INDIA
B. SARAWAK
CINA
MALAY
Melayu
3.63
3.76
3.89
3.95
3.97
3.98
3.99
4.02
4.04
4.08
4.27
4.28
3 4 5
K.KINABALU
RANAU
SG PETANI
JOHOR BHARU
BINTULU
KEMAMAN
PETALING
KUALA LANGAT
KUCHING
BATU PAHAT
YAN
KUALA TERENGGANU
K.Tganu
3.9
3.92
4
4.01
4.12
3.7 3.8 3.9 4 4.1 4.2
<RM750
RM751-RM1500
RM1501-RM2500
RM2501-RM3500
>RM3501
>RM3,501
3.86
4.02
4.05
3.7 3.8 3.9 4 4.1
<25 TAHUN
25-40 TAHUN
>40 YEARS
>40 tahun
33
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017
Kumpulan manakah yang mempunyai TERAS
FIZIKAL yang terbaik?
3.21
3.41
3.45
3.54
3.55
B. Sabah
India
B. Sarawak
Cina
Melayu
Melayu
3.38
3.59
Bandar
Luar
Bandar
Luar Bandar
3.35
3.59
Perempuan
Lelaki
Lelaki
3.08
3.13
3.24
3.26
3.35
3.44
3.48
3.64
3.65
3.71
3.78
3.83
K.Kinabalu
Petaling
Johor Bharu
Bintulu
Ranau
Kuala Langat
Sg Petani
Batu Pahat
Kuching
Kuala Terengganu
Kemaman
Yan
Yan
3.34
3.41
3.49
3.52
3.64
>RM3501
RM2501-RM3500
RM1501-RM2500
RM751-RM1500
<RM750
<RM750
3.35
3.37
3.65
<25 tahun
25-40 tahun
>40 years
>40 tahun
34
UIM-SERENDAH WELL-BEING INDEX
OBJECTIVE WELL-BEING
Income
Level of education
Housing
Saving
Exercise
Volunteering
Lifestyle Smoking
Sleeping polar
Health screening
Drinking
SUBJECTIVE WELL-
BEING
SOCIAL WELL-BEING
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING
EDUCATIONAL WELL-BEING
POLITICAL WELL-BEING
HEALTH WELL-BEING
WORK LIFE BALANCE WELL-BEING
ECONOMIC WELL-BEING
SAFETY WELL-BEING
PHYSICAL FACILITIES WELL-BEING
PERMA
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017 35
INDEKS DIMENSI KESEJAHTERAAN SERENDAH
4.04
4.32
3.99
3.54
4.04
3.48
3.8
3.28
3.25
Kesejahteraan Sosial
Kesejahteraan Spiritual
Kesejahteraan Pendidikan
Kesejahteraan Politik
Kesejahteraan Kesihatan Fizikal
Kesejahteraan Ekonomi
Kesejahteraan Kemudahan Fizikal
Kesejahteraan Pekerjaan
Kesejahteraan Keselamatan Awam
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017 36
(1) PERMA/SKPHP
1. Positive Emotion/Sikap
Positif,
2. Engagement/Keterlibatan
3. Relations/Perhubungan
4. Meaning/Hidup bermakna
5. Achievement/Pencapaian DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017 38
(2) THE WHEEL OF WELL-BEING
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017
Be Active
(Sihat)
Keep learning
(Terus belajar)
Give (Infak)
Connect
(Silaturrahim)
Take Notice
(Beriperhatian)
Care (Peduli)
39
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017
PANDANGAN ISLAM TENTANG MATLAMAT DI DALAM
KEHIDUPAN
Masuk syurga
kerana?
Amal
Rahmat
Syafaat (dengan izin
dan redha Allah)
Tiada siapa yang tahu apa kebaikan
yang membolehkan kita ke syurga
40
Faith Knowledge Science Worship
Remem-
berance
Khidmat
kemanusiaan
KETENANGAN
JIWA
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017
(3) KAEDAH ISLAM MENCAPAI
KETENTERAMAN JIWA
Berapa?
5 jenis ibadat: (1) Hati – ikhlas, sabar, tawakkal, takut, harap
(2) Badan – solat, puasa, (3) Harta – sadeqah, nazar,
(4) Lisan – zikir, doa
(5) Gabungan badan & harta – haji, umrah 41
1. Mengharap
redha Allah
2. Qanaah
3. Berkorban untuk yang
memerlukan
5. Jangan tamak dan
hubud dunia
5. Minta dan harap hanya dari
Allah
6. Bina dan kekal hubungan
keluarga
7. Atur dan hidup cara
mudah
8. Bina kump.
sokongan
9. Perolehi dan makan
yg halal
10. Sentiasa
sihat
11. Sabar dan yakin
KEBAHAGIAAN
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017 DSY – HAK CIPTA TERPELIHARA
Bila?
42
QUO VADIS WELL-BEING IN MALAYSIA
• NEED FOR BUY-IN
• POLICY IMPLICATIONS (INCLUDING FOOD
SECURITY)
• ENHANCE INNOVATIVE AGRICULTURE
• CREATE A WELL-BEING ECONOMY (THAT BEGINS
WITH AND PROMOTES WELL-BEING)
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017 44
QUO VADIS WELL-BEING IN MALAYSIA
• STRENGTHEN SOCIAL CAPITAL (ESP. AGRIC-
BASED)
• STRIVE FOR USEFUL AND RELIABLE AND
TESTED MEASURES
• WELL-BEING OUTCOMES TO BE ACCEPTED AS
IMPORTANT IN EVALUATION OF SUCCESS
JUST AS ECONOMIC AND OTHER OUTCOMES
DSY UIM-UPM AGREX17 FEB 2017 45