Week #1 Quarter 2 (10/16-10/18) (calendar site)Warm Up – Wed/Thurs, 10/16 & 10/17
Pick Up: Worksheets on
tableHave out: Worksheets you
picked up
Activities/Assignments:1. Sign-up for Reminder 1012. Quarter Reflection Sheet3. Facebook Notebook Cover4. Review notes on:
Matter Atomic Models
Homework:1. Weekly Check Sheet
due Monday, 10/212. New Notebook due
Monday for a stamp3. Memorize the first 20
elements on the periodic table for a test on 11/13 or 11/14
Today in I.S.…
I.S. Learning Goal: • I can describe the features and
components of the atom.
Daily Question: What are the feature and components of the atom?
She says she is not a victim and will NEVER give up! So inspirational!
She was 14 when she was shot, and is now 16 about to get a Nobel Peace Prize for her fight for education.
You fill in with S, N, or U
You write Comments
I stamp each day
Parents sign on weekend for each day
Due EVERY MONDAY
For
5 Points!
Facebook Page Cover for NotebookQuietly Create your Facebook Page Cover sheet for your notebook
• Write your First and Last Name above the word “wall”.
• In the “Search Button” write “I.S. Quarter 2”.
• In the “What are you doing?” box write “Chemistry and Astronomy Unit”.
• Answer the questions:
• Personal Learning Goal for this Quarter (list 5)
• What will you do to reach this goal? (list 5)
• What do you know about Chemistry and Astronomy? (list 2)
• List 2 clubs, sports or other activities you do (school appropriate)
• Who are your friends who can help you reach your goals? (list 2)
• Who in your family can help you reach your goals? (list 2)
• Draw two pictures relating to Chemistry or Astronomy in the box on the top left using 4 colors.
DATE PAGE # PAGE TITLE DATE PAGE # PAGE TITLE
10/16 & 10/17
1 Table of Contents
10/16 & 10/17
2 Table of Contents
10/16 & 10/17
3 Quarter Reflection Sheet
10/16 & 10/17
4 Matter Graphic Organizer
10/16 & 10/17
5 Diagram Models Worksheet
10/16 & 10/17
6 Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LEARNING GOAL & SCALE
585% & Above
In addition to Level 4, I can make connections to real-world applications and content in other Investigative Science units.
475%
Mastery
I can correctly: Describe substances based on their physical properties.Describe substances based on their chemical properties.Predict properties of elements and compounds using trends of the periodic table (e.g., metals, non-metals, bonding – ionic/covalent).Describe the following features and components of the atom: o protons o neutrons o electrons o mass o organization o structure o number and type of particles
360% I can correctly complete most of Level 4.
250% I can correctly complete Level 4 only with guidance.
125% I am unable to complete Level 4, even with guidance.
What students will be able to apply by the end of this course?Students use scientific processes: questioning, planning and conducting investigations, using appropriate tools and techniques to gather data, thinking critically and logically about relationships between evidence and explanations, and communicating results.What students will be able to do by the end of this unit according to State Standards?Learning Goals:I can understand how to identify, categorize, and organize substances.
Scale Yourself!
Matter
• Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)– Examples:
• A brick has mass and takes up space • A desk has mass and takes up space• A pencil has mass and takes up space• Air has mass and takes up space
All of the above examples are considered matter because they have mass and take up space. Can you
think of anything that would not be considered matter?
Complete Matter Graphic Organizer
Models
Models are often used for things that are too small or too
large to be observed or that are too difficult to be understood easily
Complete Diagram Models Worksheet
Models
In the case of atoms, scientists use large models to explain something that is very small
Models of the atom were used to explain data or facts that were gathered experimentally.
So, these models are also theories
Complete Diagram Models Worksheet
Early Models of the Atom Democritus
Universe was made of empty space and tiny bits of stuff
Called these tiny bits of stuff atomos
Atoms could not be divided
Complete Diagram Models Worksheet
Early Models of the Atom Lavoisier
Demonstrated that burning wood caused no change in mass
Law of Conservation of Matter
Complete Diagram Models Worksheet
Early Models of the Atom Dalton
All elements are composed of indivisible particles. Atoms of the same element are the sameAtoms of different elements are different. Compounds consisted of atoms of different elements combined together
Complete Diagram Models Worksheet
Early Models of the AtomThomson
Plum pudding model
Atom made of a positively charged material with the negatively charged electrons scattered through it.
Complete Diagram Models Worksheet
Early Models of the Atom Rutherford
Mostly empty space
Small, positive nucleus
Contained protons
Negative electrons scattered around the outside
Complete Diagram Models Worksheet
Early Models of the Atom Bohr
Electrons move in definite orbits around the nucleus
Complete Diagram Models Worksheet
Modern Model of the AtomThe electron cloud
Sometimes called the wave modelSpherical cloud of varying density Varying density shows where an electron is more or less likely to be
Complete Diagram Models Worksheet
Week #1 Quarter 2 (10/16-10/18) (calendar site)Warm Up – Friday, 10/18
Pick Up: Worksheets on
tableHave out: Worksheets you
picked up
Activities/Assignments:1. Structure of an Atom2. Periodic Table Warm-up Review3. Forces in an Atom Notes
Homework:1. Weekly Check Sheet
due Monday, 10/212. New Notebook due
Monday for a stamp3. Memorize the first 20
elements on the periodic table for a test on 11/13 or 11/14
Today in I.S.…
I.S. Learning Goal: • I can describe the features and
components of the atom.
Daily Question: What are the feature and components of the atom?
LEARNING GOAL & SCALE
585% & Above
In addition to Level 4, I can make connections to real-world applications and content in other Investigative Science units.
475%
Mastery
I can correctly: Describe substances based on their physical properties.Describe substances based on their chemical properties.Predict properties of elements and compounds using trends of the periodic table (e.g., metals, non-metals, bonding – ionic/covalent).Describe the following features and components of the atom: o protons o neutrons o electrons o mass o organization o structure o number and type of particles
360% I can correctly complete most of Level 4.
250% I can correctly complete Level 4 only with guidance.
125% I am unable to complete Level 4, even with guidance.
What students will be able to apply by the end of this course?Students use scientific processes: questioning, planning and conducting investigations, using appropriate tools and techniques to gather data, thinking critically and logically about relationships between evidence and explanations, and communicating results.What students will be able to do by the end of this unit according to State Standards?Learning Goals:I can understand how to identify, categorize, and organize substances.
Scale Yourself!
DATE PAGE # PAGE TITLE DATE PAGE # PAGE TITLE
10/16 & 10/17
1 Table of Contents
10/16 & 10/17
2 Table of Contents
10/16 & 10/17
3 Quarter Reflection Sheet
10/16 & 10/17
4 Matter Graphic Organizer
10/16 & 10/17
5 Diagram Models Worksheet
10/16 & 10/17
6 Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
10/18 7 Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up Review
10/18 8 Forces of an Atom Graphic Organizer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Atoms• Smallest possible unit
into which matter can be divided, while still maintaining its properties.
• Made up of:– protons– neutrons– electrons
• The solar system is commonly used as an analogy to describe the structure of an atom
For example, what is the smallest possible unit
into which a long essay can be divided and still have some meaning?
+
-+++
-
-
- -+
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Atoms are so small that…• it would take a stack of about
50,000 aluminum atoms to equal the thickness of a sheet of aluminum foil from your kitchen.
• if you could enlarge a penny until it was as wide as the US, each of its atoms would be only about 3 cm in diameter – about the size of a ping-pong ball
• a human hair is about 1 million carbon atoms wide.
• a typical human cell contains roughly 1 trillion atoms.
• a speck of dust might contain 3x1012 (3 trillion) atoms.
• it would take you around 500 years to count the number of atoms in a grain of salt.
www.deckersfoods.com
C-C-C-C-C-… + 999,995 more
1 trillion atoms
. Is made of approximately 3 trillion atoms
Just one of these grains
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Protons (+)• Positively charged
particles• Help make up the
nucleus of the atom• Help identify the atom
(could be considered an atom’s DNA)
• Equal to the atomic number of the atom
• Contribute to the atomic mass
• Equal to the number of electrons
+
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Neutrons
• Neutral particles; have no electric charge
• Help make up the nucleus of the atom
• Contribute to the atomic mass
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Electrons (-)• Negatively charged particles• Found outside the nucleus of
the atom, in the electron orbits/levels; each orbit/level can hold a maximum number of electrons ( 1st = 2, 2nd = 8, 3rd = 8 or 18, etc…)
• Move so rapidly around the nucleus that they create an electron cloud
• Mass is insignificant when compared to protons and neutrons
• Equal to the number of protons
• Involved in the formation of chemical bonds
-
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Hydrogen (H) Atom• Notice the one electron in the first orbital
+
-
Even though there are no neutrons present, Hydrogen is still considered an atom
+
-
= 1
= 0
= 1
How manymore
electronscan fit in the 1st orbital/ level?
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Oxygen (O) Atom• Notice the two electrons in the first
orbital/level and the six in the second
+
++
+
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
+
-
= 8
= 8
= 8
How manymore
electronscan fit in the 2nd orbital/ level?
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Sodium (Na) Atom• Notice the two electrons in the first orbital/level,
eight in the second, and one in the third
+
++
+
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
-
-
-
+
-
= 11
= 12
= 11
How manymore
electronscan fit in the 3rd orbital/ level?
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
The Atom’s “Center”
• Protons and neutrons are grouped together to form the “center” or nucleus of an atom.
-
+++
Notice that the electrons are not apart of the nucleus
--
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
QUARKS
• Particles that make up protons and neutrons
Notice the smaller particles
that make up this neutron after you
take a closer look.
+Notice the
smaller particles
that make up this proton
after you take a closer look.
What do you notice about the numberof quarks in the neutron and proton?
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Sub-Atomic Particles Weight Comparison
(protons, neutrons, electrons)Neutron = 1.6749286 x10-27 kgProton = 1.6726231 x10-27 kgElectron = 9.1093897 x10-31 kg
+
-+
----- - -
--
---
--
---
- ----- - -
--
---
--
---
1836 electrons = 1 proton1839 electrons = 1 neutron
How do you think the mass of a neutron compares to that of a proton?
1 neutron ≈ 1 proton
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Sub-atomic ParticlesSize Comparison
(protons, neutrons, electrons, & quarks)
Size in atoms
Size in meters
(m)
Atom 1 10-10
Nucleus __1__10,000
10-14
Proton or
Neutron
___1___100,000
10-15
Electron or
Quark
_____1____100,000,00
0
10-18
(at largest)
+
++
+
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Atomic Number
• The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
+ ++ --
-What would be
the atomic number of this
atom?
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
Mass Number• The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s
nucleus• Expressed in Atomic Mass Units (amu)
– Each proton or neutron has a mass of 1 amu
+ ++ -
-
-What would be the
mass number of this atom?
+ 3
4
3 protons + 4 neutrons = a mass number of 7
amu
Why did we not account for the electrons when calculating
the mass number?
Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer
If there are only about 100 types of elements in the world, why are there
so many different kinds of matter?
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
Elements can combine in many different ways to form many
different types of matter.
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
Where are the metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
located in the periodic table?
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
• Metals - are on the left side• Nonmetals – are on the right side• Metalloids – are on a slanting line between
the metals and nonmetals
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
Which group of elements on the periodic table does not readily combine with other
elements?
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
Elements having properties of both metals and nonmetals.
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
Germanium, with an atomic number of 32, is not a metal or a non-metal, but a
metalloid.
– Describe where metalloids are found on the periodic table, with respect to
the metals and non-metals.
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
Metalloids are found in between metals and non-metals on the periodic table. Their position tells us
that they have some of the characteristics of metals and some characteristics of non-metals. For example, germanium conducts electricity, but not
as well as true metals.
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
Elements are organized in the periodic table in such a way that there are patterns of
elements placed close together that have similar properties. For example, knowing the properties of one element in a column of the periodic table will help a person predict the properties of other elements in that same
column.–Describe two properties common to
elements found at the far left of the periodic table.
–Describe two properties common to elements found at the far right of the
periodic table.
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
On the far left side of the periodic table the elements are all metals. So, they are solids
at room temperature and are good conductors of heat and electricity.
One the far right side of the periodic table, the elements are gases at room
temperature. They are colorless and non-reactive.
Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet
FORCES IN THE ATOM
• Gravitational Force• Electromagnetic Force
• Strong Force• Weak Force
Complete Forces of an Atom Graphic Organizer
Gravitational Force• The force of
attraction of objects due to their masses
• The amount of gravity between objects depends on their masses and the distance between them
Do you think this force plays a significantrole in holding the atom together?
Complete Forces of an Atom Graphic Organizer
Electromagnetic Force
• The force that results from the repulsion of like charges and the attraction of opposites
• The force that holds the electrons around the nucleus
-
+
+
+
--
Notice how the particles with the
same charge move apart and the particles with
different charges move together.
Why are neutrons not pictured above?
Complete Forces of an Atom Graphic Organizer
Strong Force
• The force that holds the atomic nucleus together
• The force that counteracts the electromagnetic force
If you need help
remembering strong force, just think of…
++
++
Notice how the electromagnetic force causes
the protons to repel each other but, the strong force holds
them together.
Would an atom have a nucleus if the strong force did not exist?
Complete Forces of an Atom Graphic Organizer
-n
Weak Force
• This force plays a key role in the possible change of sub-atomic particles.– For example, a
neutron can change into a proton(+) and an electron(-)
• The force responsible for radioactive decay.– Radioactive decay
process in which the nucleus of a radioactive (unstable) atom releases nuclear radiation.
+
If you need help
remembering weak force,
just think of…
Notice how the original particle changes to
something new.