WednesdayNovember 7, 2012
(Pop Quiz – Ionic Bonds, Octet Rule, Lewis Structures,
Salts, and Acids; WS - Covalent Bonding)
Bell RingerWednesday, 11-7-12
Identify the following acids as either binary or
oxyacids, then name them.
MgCl2
HCl
H3PO4
KBrbinary acid
oxyacid
Name these salts, then determine the acid and base from which the salts were formed.
potassium bromide
magnesium chloride
hydrochloric acid
phosphoric acid
HBr and KOH
HCl and Mg(OH)2
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Summative or Formative? Date Issued Date Due Date Into
GradeSpeed Final Day
QUIZ 9 S6 10/26 10/26 11/16
WS – Properties of Ionic and Covalent
CompoundsF11 11/1 11/9 11/9
QUIZ 10 S7 11/2 11/2 11/16
WS – Ionic Bonds, The Octet Rule, and
Lewis StructuresF12 11/5 11/9 11/9
Pop QuizIonic Bonds, Octet Rule, Lewis
Structures, Salts, and AcidsYou may use the following reference materials
on this Pop Quiz:• your Periodic Table
•your Electronegativity/Bonding Character Chart• the Worksheet titled “Properties of Ionic and
Covalent Compounds”• the Worksheet titled “Ionic Bonds, The Octet
Rule, and Lewis Structures”
Covalent BondingIt’s
nice to share!
Covalent Bondingand Molecular Compounds
A molecule is a neutral group of atoms that are
held together by covalent bonds.
A molecule may consist of two or more atoms of
the same element, or two or more different
types of atoms.A molecular compound is a chemical compound
whose simplest units are molecules.
A chemical formula indicates the relative numbers of atoms
of each kind in a chemical compound by using atomic
symbols and numerical subscripts.
A molecular formula shows the types and numbers of atoms
combined in a single molecule of a molecular compound.A diatomic molecule is a
molecule containing only two atoms.
Covalent Bondingand Molecular Compounds
H2O NaCl
CO2
O2
Formation of a Covalent BondAs atoms approach each other, their charged particles begin to interact.
Nuclei and clouds attract each other - potential energy decreases.
The two nuclei and the two e- clouds repel each other
– potential energy increases.
At a given distance, the repulsion equals the attraction, energy
potential is at its lowest, and the bond forms.
Characteristics of a Covalent BondBond length is the distance between two bonded atoms at their minimum potential energy, that is, the average distance between two bonded atoms.
Example) The bond length of H-H is 75 pm.At this length, the one electron of each atom is
shared by both atoms.
Characteristics of a Covalent BondBond energy is the energy required to
break a chemical bond and form neutral, isolated atoms.
Example) The bond energy to break H2 is 436 kJ.
Sharing electrons allows each atom to experience the effect of the stable electron
configuration of a Noble Gas.Keep in mind that bond lengths and bond energies vary with the types of atoms that
have bonded.
Bond Length and Bond Energy
Multiple Covalent BondsA covalent bond produced by
the sharing of two pairs of electrons between two atoms is
called a double bond.
Multiple Covalent BondsA covalent bond produced by the sharing of three pairs of
electrons between two atoms is called a triple bond.
Multiple Covalent BondsDouble and triple bonds
are referred to as multiple bonds.
Multiple Covalent BondsSample Problem
Draw the Lewis structure of methanal (formaldehyde)
CH2O
WorksheetCovalent Bonding