Visual Dictionary
Air Barrier Paper• Commonly known as a “house wrap”, this white sheet material is
permeable to water vapor but not liquid water.• Air barrier paper serves as temporary protection from weather
elements during the construction of a building.
Attic Ventilation Materials• Soffit Vent- ideal for drawing
cool, fresh air into the attic
• Ridge Vent- installed at the peak of a sloped roof which allows warm, humid air to escape the attic
Attic Ventilation Materials (Cont’d)• Gable Vent- mounted in the top of
the gable to allow the passage of air through the attic.
• Roof Turbine- Exhaust moist, hot air from the attic
Back Hoe• a piece of excavating equipment or digger consisting of a digging
bucket on the end of a two-part arm• Bucket width was 4 feet
Batter Boards• is one of a pair of horizontal boards nailed to posts set at the
corners of an excavation, used to indicate the desired level, also as a fastening for stretched strings to indicate outlines of foundation walls.
Brick Arches• Roman Arch- a brick
structure that spans a space while supporting weight
• Segmental Arch- an arch with inner bricks that form a semicircular pattern
• Arch with a Keystone- a keystone is the stone at the top of the arch that connects the arch
• Centering- the structure upon which the stones of arches are laid during construction.
Brick Bonds• Running Brick Bond-
bricks are simply laid out in rows end to end, in the running bond pattern
• Flemish Brick Bond- it is created by alternately laying headers and stretchers in a single course
Brick Bonds (Cont’d)
Rowlock
Stretcher
Soldier
Brick Bonds (Cont’d)
Header
Sailor
Brick Sizes• Modular Brick- were
introduced to make it easier to insert standard sizes of doors and windows into walls; Dimensions: 3.5 x 2.25 x 7.5 inches
• Standard Brick- typical mortar brick; Dimensions: 3.625 x 2.25 x 8 inches
Bulldozer• Caterpillar tracked
tractor that is equipped with a substantial metal plate, used to push large quantities of soil, sand, and rubble during construction work
Cladding• Brick-Clad
Structure
• EIFS Clad Structure
Cladding (Cont’d)• Stone
Clad Structure with Random Rubble Course Pattern
• Wood Shingle- wooden roof coverings
• Wood Shakes- wooden shingles made from split logs
• We think this picture is shingles
Code RequirementsEgress Window-Width- 31’’Height- 22’’Area- 4.74 ft^2 Still Height AFF- 29’’IBC Requirements: Width- > 34 ¼’’Height- > 24’’Area- > 5.7 ft^2Still Height AFF- < 44’’This window does not
meet IBC requirements
Stair-Tread Dimension- 10 ½’’Riser Dimension- 7 ½’’IBC Requirements:Tread Dimension- >10 ½’’Riser Dimension- <7 ¾’’
These stairs meet IBC requirements
Concrete Joints• Control Joint- a groove
cut into the surface of the concrete that allows some cracking to occur in the joint and not be readily visible
• Isolation joint- Joints that isolate the slab from a wall, column or drainpipe
• This isolation joint was separating a beam
Concrete Masonry Unit• CMU is a large
rectangular brick used in construction
• Typical Dimensions:• 8’’ x 8’’ x 16’’
Decorative Concrete Masonry Units
• Split Block Ribbed Block
Doors• Sidelight
• Flush
• Transom
Doors (Cont’d)
• 2 Panel Door
Panel
Stile
Top Rail Lock Rail
Bottom Rail
Electrical Components• Power Pole- used to support both electric
power distribution lines and telecommunications cables, as well as their associated equipment
• Transformer Box- a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors—the transformer's coils
• Service Head- is a weatherproof entry point for above-ground electrical wiring or telephone lines into a home or business
• Meter- is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to or produced by a residence, business or machine
Electrical Components (Cont’d)• Service Panel- a component of an
electricity supply system which divides an electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits
• Duplex Receptacle- connectors used for mains electricity
Framing Elements1) Anchor Bolt
2) Sill Plate
3) Floor Joists
Framing Elements (Cont’d)
4) Subflooring
5) Sole Plate
6) Stud
Framing Elements (Cont’d) 7) Top Plate
8) Ceiling Joist
and
9) Rafter
10) Roof Decking
Framing Elements (Cont’d)11) Sheathing
12) Stringer
Front End Loader• is a heavy equipment machine
(often used in construction) that is primarily used to "load" material into or onto another type of machinery
Gypsum Board• Gypsum Board-
constructing interior walls and ceilings using panels made of gypsum plaster pressed between two thick sheets of paper, then kiln dried.
Heat Pump• Advantage: can change
conditions rapidly and also control humidity
• Disadvantage: they are noisy and difficult to zone
• Compressor/Condenser- the exterior unit of heat pump. A fan pulls air across a line of refrigerant and changes temperature. This adds heat for the winter and is reversed in the summer to let heat out
• Air Handling Unit- moves and conditions air through duct work. A fan sucks in new and return air and re-circulates it
Insulation• Insulation: A material
that has a low thermal conductivity. Used to reduce heat flow in a building. Keeps building warm in the winter and cool in the summer.
Batt Blanket
Loose Fill
Insulation (Cont’d) Foamed
Rigid Board
Lintel• Lintel: A beam that
carries the load of a wall over the opening such as a door or window
Mortar• Mortar #1:Extruded Tooled Joint½ ‘’ JointApartment BuildingPossibly Type N Mortar
• Mortar #2:Concave Troweled Joint¼’’ JointRetaining Wall on CampusPossibly Type O Mortar
Oriented Strand Board• A non-veneered
building panel composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions bonded together under pressure.
Plumbing• Lavatory-1 ½’’ Drainage Pipe
• Water Closet-3’’ Drainage Pipe
Shower and
Tub Unit
Plumbing (Cont’d)• VTR (Vent Through Roof)- Part
of drainage system, the vent allows air to flow and noxious gases to escape
• Sink- Flush mount sink
Plywood• Plywood: a wood
panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer bound together under pressure
• Veneer: a thin layer, sheet, or facing. Made from slicing thin pieces from a tree
Radiant Barrier• Radiant Barrier: a
reflective foil placed adjacent to an airspace in roof or wall assemblies as a deterrent to the passage of infrared energy
• This barrier reduces heating and cooling costs.
Rebar• The rebar shown is #4
½’’
• The deformations on the bars are made so that when the bars are embedded in concrete, there is more surface area for the concrete to hold onto, increasing the strength of the bond
Steep Roof Drainage• Gutter- channel that collects
rainwater runoff
• Downspout- metal tube that carries rainwater from gutter to ground
• Splashblock- a piece of plastic or other durable material that is laid under downspout. Diverts water from base of the house
Steep Roof Materials• Roof Underlayment: protects
the roof sheathing and structure from moisture
• Wood Shingle Roof:Shingle- small units of water
resistant materials laid onto roof in overlapping patterns to make roof watertight
Steep Roof Materials (Cont’d)• Clay Tile Roof
• Performed Metal Roof: typically made from galvanized or aluminum steel
Steep Roof Shapes
• Gable Roof
• Hip Roof
Steep Roof Shapes (Cont’d)• Gambrel Roof
• Mansard Roof
Steep Roof Terms
Rake- The sloping edge of a steep roof
Eave- the horizontal edge of a sloping roof slope
Fascia – horizontal surface which spans across the top of columns
Steep Roof Terms (Cont’d)
Ridge- where two roof panels meetValley- a trough formed by the intersection of two roof slopes
Soffit – the horizontal underside of an overhang
Stone• Random Rubble
• Coursed Rubble
• Random Ashlar
• Coursed Ashlar
Vapor Retarder• Vapor Retarder- a layer of
material intended to obstruct the passage of water vapor through a building assembly
• Most commonly put on the warm side of the building during the winter
Waterproofing• Waterproofing: an impervious
membrane applied to the outside of a foundation. Used to prevent water from leaking into the building.
• The waterproofing here is fully adhered
Weep Hole• Weep Hole- a small
opening whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component or wall assembly
Weld Wire Fabric• This weld wire fabric
measures 6” x 6”
Windows
• Awning- This is an awning because it swings open from bottom up
• Casement: this is an out-swinging casement window because it is hinged along the side of the window
• Single-Hung- this is single-hung because one panel can move up and down. One window slides up and down on track
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