Sp10ConcreteBSCI 2400

April 25, 2010

Visual Dictionary

Air Barrier PaperA membrane that is

applied over the sheathing in order to close up the joints and prevent air passage into the building.

Attic Ventilation Important for allowing water vapor and heat to escape the

attic space.

Ridge Vent: a vent placed over the gap where the roof decking meets at the ridge

Attic Ventilation Continued

•Soffit Vent- allows air to come into the bottom of the attic so that the hot air can be pushed through the gable and ridge vents.

Attic Ventilation Continued

Gable Vent- vent usually found on the upper portion of the house that allows heat and water vapor to escape

Backhoe•Heavy machinery with a bucket used to dig footings for foundations and other excavation situations.•2 ft. bucket width

Batter Boards

Definition:

Boards used during the rough site work and excavation period to create the temporary outline of where the building will be constructed.

Helps ensure the building footings will be square and straight.

Brick Arches

Radius Arch

Brick Arches Continued

Jack Arch

Brick Arches Continued•Arch with a Keystone:

•Centering: the formwork used to support the arch during construction

Brick Bonds•Running Bond- All stretchers, each course offset by half a brick

•Flemish bond- stretcher and header alternate during course

Brick Bonds Continued

•Rowlocks •Headers

Brick Bonds Continued

•Soldiers •Stretcher Rowlocks

Brick Bonds Continued

•Sailors

Brick SizesStandard Brick:3½”X 2¼”X 8”

Utility Brick:3½”X 3½” X 11 ½”

Bulldozer•A piece of heavy equipment with a large blade on the front used to move large amounts of dirt around the site and set grade.

Cladding

Brick EIFS

Cladding ContinuedStone

Random Rubble

Wood ShinglesShingles- sawn with smooth surface

Shakes- split and have rougher exterior

Cladding Continued

•Wood Boards

Code Requirements•Bedroom Window:•Minimum opening of 5.7 sq.ft.(only 5.0 if sill is less than 44” AFF)•Minimum opening width:20”•Minimum opening height: 24”

•Actual Measurements:

26 ¾” h X 29 ½” w=

5.48 sq.ft.

21” AFF

Window Meets Code

Code Requirements Continued

•Wood Stairs:•Code: Tread: 10” minimum

Riser: 7 ¾” maximum

•Actual: Tread: 11 ¾”

Riser: 7 ¼”Meets Requirements

Concrete Joints•Control Joint- A groove cut into the concrete that is ¼ of the depth of the concrete slab• Purpose: To intentionally create a point of weakness in the concrete to better control where it will crack instead of allowing it to crack randomly.

Concrete Joints Continued•Isolation Joint- Separates one slab of concrete from another slab, wall or column.

Concrete Masonry Unit(CMU)•A block of hardened concrete with or without hollow cores that comes in many different sizes and be filled in with concrete for additional strength. •1 CMU=3 Brick Courses• Standard Size(Nominal):

8” X 8” X 16”•Actual Size:

7 5/8” X 7 5/8” X 15 5/8”

CMU Continued

• 4” Block

•12” Block

Decorative CMUSplit Block

Ribbed Block

Doors

•Flush Door

Doors•Panel Door:Panel

Stile

Top Rail

Lock Rail

Bottom Rail

Doors•Transom: a small window directly above a door

•Sidelight: a tall, narrow window alongside a door

Electrical Components•Power Pole with Transformer- Steps voltage down to desired amount (110/220 Volts)

•Service Head- Assembly by which electricity is conducted from outdoor lines to the meter base

Electrical Components•Meter- Keeps track of the amount of electricity being used.

•Service Panel- Contains the main disconnect and circuit breakers

Electrical Components•Duplex Receptacle: Used for plugging in household items such as lamps, phone, etc.

Framing Elements

1. Anchor Bolts

2. Sill Plate

3. Floor Joists

Framing Elements4.

Subflooring

5. Sole Plate

6. Stud

7. Top Plate

Framing Elements8. Ceiling Joists

9. Rafters

10. Roof Decking

11. Sheathing

Front End Loader•Piece of heavy machinery used for transporting large amounts of soil or dirt from different points on the site or for loading dump trucks for the removal of the dirt from the site.

Gypsum Board•An interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core between two paper faces. • Usually sanded and painted• Also known as “dry wall”

Heat Pump•Compressor/Evaporator: Compresses gases which gives off heat. The air cools as it blows across the cooling coils in the air handler

•Advantage: Highly efficient in mild climates

•Disadvantage: May need additional heating source in areas with very cold climates. Not used as much up north.

•Air handling unit: forces air through a duct system with a strong fan

InsulationPurpose: to reduce the heat flow through the assembly of a

building

Batt/Blanket- rolls or sheets of insulation easily installed between the studs in walls

Loose Fill- fiberglass insulation blown into place between ceiling joists in attics

InsulationFoamed- a mixture of two chemicals that react to form very affective insulation that also completely fills in cracks.

Rigid Board- comes in 4’X8’ sheets and is used as exterior sheathing for basement walls

Lintel•A beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or opening

•Steel lintel

Mortar

•Flush Joint: •Troweled•3/8” Joint•Engineering Building

•Most likely Type S(Medium High Strength) Mortar

Mortar Continued•Raked Joint:•Tooled•5/8” Joint•Residential Building•Type N Mortar

Oriented Strand Board(OSB)•A nonveneered building panel composed of long sheets of wood fiber oriented in specific directions and bonded together under pressure.

PlumbingLavatory

Typical 1 ½” Drain Piping

Water Closet

Typical 3” Drain/Waste Pipe

Plumbing

Plumbing Vent: allows the plumbing system to drain by letting air in and eliminating the vacuum affect a closed drain would create

Plumbing Vent

Plumbing•Manufactured Shower/Tub

Plumbing•Drop-In Sink

Plywood•A wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer bonded together under pressure.• Veneer- A thin layer, sheet, or facing.

Radiant Barrier•A reflective foil placed adjacent to an airspace in the roof or wall to prevent the passage of infrared energy by reflecting it back.

Rebar

•The deformations found on the rebar helps the concrete bond to the rebar for better support.• Size: #4 Rebar (1/2”)

Steep Roof Drainage•Gutter- a channel that collects rainwater and snowmelt at the eave of the roof

Steep Roof Drainage•Downspout- a vertical pipe for conducting water from the roof to a lower level

Steep Roof Drainage•Splashblock-A small precast block of concrete or plastic used to divert water at the bottom of a downspout and prevent ground erosion.

Steep Roof Materials•Underlayment- Layer of waterproof materials that protects the sheathing from getting wet until the roofing can be applied.•Also called building felt.

Steep Roof Materials

Clay Tile Roof

Steep Roof Materials•Shingles- Small units applied in overlapping layers with staggered vertical joints. Allows for expansion and contraction and vent water vapor easily• Type- Wood Shakes

Steep Roof Materials•Metal Roof: •Common materials- copper, aluminum, tin.

Steep Roof Shapes

• Gambrel Gable

Steep Roof Shapes

• Hip

•Mansard

Steep Roof Terms•Ridge-top of roof where edges meet

•Valley-where two slopes come together

•Eave-lowest horizontal line

•Fascia- exposed vertical face of the eave

•Soffit- the underside of the roofing overhang

•Rake- a fascia on a slope

Steep Roof Terms

•Building without a fascia:

StoneRandom Rubble Coursed Rubble

StoneRandom Ashlar Coursed Ashlar

Vapor Retarder•A layer of material intended to obstruct the passage of water vapor through a building assembly. •Usually placed on inside of the building.

Waterproofing

•An impervious membrane applied to the outside of the foundation to prevent water passage. • Fully Adhered

Weep Hole•A small opening with the purpose of permitting the drainage of water that accumulates inside a building assembly.

Welded Wire Fabric• Laid inside form work prior to pouring concrete to provide better support for the concrete. Helps prevent cracking and separating during periods of freezing and thawing.• Supported by high chairs.•6” X 6” grid

Windows

Sliding Window- unlike hung and double-hung windows that move in the vertical direction, sliding windows open and close in the horizontal direction.

Windows

•Out-swinging Casement Window- hinged along the vertical edge of the window

Windows

•Single-Hung Window: only the bottom sash can be opened and closed