USII.4 IMPERIALISM
USII.5A explain the reasons for and results of the Spanish American War.
USII.5C explain the reasons for the United States’ involvement in World War I and its leadership role at the conclusion of the war.
IMPERIALISMUSII.5A,C
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
WORLD WAR I“God Bless the USA!” (4)
REASONS FOR SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
• Protection of American business interests in Cuba
• American support for Cuban rebels’ independence from Spain
• Rising tensions as a result of “The Maine” in Havana Harbor
• Exaggerated news reports of events (Yellow Journalism)
USII.5A
BATTLES OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
1. San Juan Hill, Cuba
1. Teddy Roosevelt and his Rough Riders led a charge up “Kettle Hill” and defeated the Spanish army.
2. Manila Bay, Philippines
1. Navy Admiral Dewey raided the Spanish fleet harbored in Manila Bay and captured the entire Spanish fleet.
2. Spain surrendered.
RESULTS OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
• United States emerged as a world power
• Cuba gained independence from Spain
• U.S. got possession of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico
USII.5A
World War I (1914-1918)• AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
– FRANZ JOSEPH
– ARCHDUKE FRANCIS FERDINAND
– SARAJEVO (June 28, 1914)
• SERBIA– “BLACK HAND”
– PRINCIP
• THE GREAT WAR– “THE WAR TO END ALL WARS”
– “THE WAR”
“Over There” (4)
US INVOLVEMENT IN WWI(1917-1918)
• Inability to remain neutral
• German “unrestricted submarine warfare” – the sinking of the Lusitania
• U.S. economic and political ties to Great Britain
USII.5C
NEW WEAPONS OF WWI• TANKS – BRITISH • FLAME THROWER – GERMANS• U-BOATS (UNTERSEEBOOTEN)• AIRPLANES• GAS
– POISON– MUSTARD
• MACHINE GUNS• TANK TRAPS• NEW WAY TO FIGHT – TRENCH
WARFARE• MINES
TWO SIDES OF WWI
• Great Britain
• France
• Russia
• Serbia
• Belgium
• U.S. (later)
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Bulgaria
• Turkey
USII.5C
ALLIES CENTRAL POWERS
WAR LEADERS
• Germany - Kaiser Wilhelm II
• Russia - Czar Nicholas II
• Austria-Hungary - Franz Joseph
• United States - Woodrow Wilson
• Britain - King George V
Archduke Francis Ferdinand
Emperor Franz Joseph
King George V
Czar Nicholas II
Kaiser Wilhelm II President Woodrow Wilson
WORLD LEADERS OF WWI
Austria-Hungary
(assassinated)
Austria-Hungary
Germany
Great Britain
Russia
United States
“American Trilogy” (3)
U.S. LEADERSHIP AT WAR’S END
• Wilson proposed a peace plan including his “14 Points” which became the basis for the Versailles Treaty. It called for a League of Nations to keep the peace. The Central Powers were not represented at Versailles.
• The U.S. (Senate) refused to join the League
USII.5C
NEW NATIONS• FINLAND• POLAND• ESTONIA• LATVIA• LITHUANIA• AUSTRIA• HUNGARY• SOVIET UNION (RUSSIA)• CZECHOSLOVAKIA• YUGOSLAVIA (SERBIA)• TURKEY
NEW NATIONS OF EUROPEAFTER WWI