DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COALAND CARBONACEOUS SHALE SAMPLES FROM THE SALT
RANGE COAL FIELD, PUNJAB PROVINCE, PAKISTAN
by
P. D. Warwick1
and
T. Shakoor2, S. Javed2, S. T. A. Mashhadi2, H. Hussain2, M. Anwar2, and M. I. Ghaznavi2
OPEN-FILE REPORT 90-524
Report prepared jointly by the Geological Survey of Pakistan andthe U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the
U.S. Agency for International Development
This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature
^.S. Geological Survey 2Geological Survey of Pakistan Reston, Virginia Lahore
1990
CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT.............................................. 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...................................... 2
INTRODUCTION.......................................... 3
METHODS............................................... 6
RESULTS............................................... 7
DISCUSSION............................................ 16
CONCLUSIONS........................................... 17
REFERENCES............................................ 18
APPENDIX I - COAL SAMPLE BACKGROUND DATA.............. 23
APPENDIX II - RESULTS OF PROXIMATE, ULTIMATE, ANDCALORIFIC VALUE DETERMINATIONS........... 25
APPENDIX III - FQRMS-QF-SULFUR, FREE- SWELL ING-INDEX, HARDGROVE-GRINDABILITY- INDEX, AND ASH-FUSION-TEMPERATURE DETERMINATIONS.......................... 33
APPENDIX IV - MAJOR-, MINOR-, AND TRACE-ELEMENTCOMPOSITION............................. 41
ILLUSTRATIONS
Rape
FIGURE 1. GENERALIZED GEOLOGY OF THE SALT RANGE - POTWAR PLATEAU AREA.....................
2. INDEX MAP SHOWING STUDY AREA AND SAMPLE LOCATIONS...............................
3. PLOTS OF SOME POSITIVE CORRELATIONS FOUNDAMONG ANALYTICAL DATA....................... 13
4. VARIATION OF THICKNESS, ASH YIELD, BTU,AND TOTAL SULFUR WITH LOCATION. ............. 14
TABLES
TABLE 1. AVERAGED SELECTED ANALYTICAL RESULTS OFTESTS ON COAL SAMPLES LISTED BY LOCATION..... 8
TABLE 2. AVERAGED SELECTED ANALYTICAL RESULTS OFTESTS ON CARBONACEOUS SHALE SAMPLES LISTEDBY PERCENT ASH YIELD......................... 1O
11
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COAL AND
CARBONACEOUS SHALE SAMPLES FROM THE SALT RANGE COAL FIELD,
PUNJAB PROVINCE, PAKISTAN
by
P. D. Warwick, U.S. Geological Survey; T. Shakoor, S. Javed, S.
T. A. Mashhadi, H. Hussain, M. Anwar, and M. I. Ghaznavi,
Geological Survey of Pakistan
ABSTRACT
Sixty coal and carbonaceous shale samples collected from the
Paleocene Patala Formation in the Salt Range coal field, Punjab
Province, Pakistan, were analyzed to examine the relationships
between coal bed chemical and physical characteristics and
depositional environments. Results of proximate and ultimate
analyses, reported on an as received basis, indicate that coal
beds have an average ash yield of 24.23 percent, average sulfur
content of 5.32 percent, average pyritic sulfur content of 4.07
percent, and average calorific value of 8943 Btu (4972 kcal/kg).
Thirty five coal samples, analyzed on a whole coal, dry basis for
selected trace elements and oxides, have anomalously high average
concentrations of Ti, at O.3& percent; Zr, at 382 ppm; and Se, at
11.4 ppm, compared to world wide averages for these elements in
coal.
Some positive correlation coefficients, significant at a
O.O1 level, are those between total sulfur and As, pyritic sulfur
and As, total sulfur and sample location, organic sulfur and Se,
1
calori-fic value (Btu) and sample location, and coal bed thickness
and Se. Calorific values -for the samples, calculated on a moist,
mineral matter free basis, indicate that the apparent rank of the
coal is high volatile C bituminous.
Variations observed in the chemical and physical
characteristics of the coal beds may be related to depositional
environments. Total ash yields and concentrations of Se and
organic sulfur increase toward more landward depositional
environments and may be related to an increase of fluvial
influence on peat deposition. Variations in pyritic sulfur
concentrations may be related to post-peat pyrite filled burrows
commonly observed in the upper part of the coal bed. The
thickest coal beds that have the lowest ash content, and highest
calorific values, formed from peats deposited in back barrier,
tidal flat environments of the central and western parts of the
coal field. The reasons for correlations between Se and coal bed
thickness and Se and ash content are not clear and may be a
product of averaging.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work would not have been possible without the generous
cooperation of the many mining companies in the Salt Range area,
who allowed us to collect the samples analyzed for this report.
INTRODUCTION
This work is part o-f a Coal Resources Exploration and
Assessment Program (CGALREAP) that is being conducted by the
Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) with assistance from the U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS) under financing from the Government of
Pakistan and the U.S. Agency for International Development
<USAID). The 6O samples for this study were collected between
1985 and 1988 by geologists of GSP and USGS from the Paleocene
Patala Formation in the Salt Range area of Punjab Province,
Pakistan (figs. 1 and 2).
The Salt Range is an east northeasterly trending mountain
range in the northern part of Pakistan <figs. 1 and 2). The
southern margin of the Salt Range is an escarpment which rises
abruptly from the Punjab Plains, which are covered by alluvium.
Coal mining, exploratory drilling, and related activities in the
Salt Range have been concentrated in beds that crop out along the
escarpment and limestone capped plateaus of the Eastern and
Central Salt Range. No Tertiary coal beds are present in the
Western Salt Range.
Previous reports that contain drilling records, measured
sections, coal analytical data, descriptions of depositional
environments, or estimates of coal resources for the Salt Range
coal field include Ahmad and others, 1986; Alam and others, 1987;
Gee, 1938, 1945, 1949; Ghaznavi, 1988; Khan, 1949; LaTouche,
1894; Landis and others, 1971; Powel1 Duffryn Technical Services,
1949; Shah, 198O* Wardlaw and others, 199O; Warwick and Hussain,
\POTWAR _+
N
ir"
ALLUVIUM. SIWALIK. and
RAWALPINDI MOLASSE
CAMBRIAN to CRETACEOUS
PALEOCENE an
d EOCENE
50 km
EOCAMBRIAN SALT RANGE FM.
Figure 1. Generalized geology of th
e Salt Range Po
tira
r Plateau area.
(After Baker and ot
hers
, 1988.)
72»
00*
00'
E73
« 00*
00' LANDWARD
AREA 3
Tidal
Chan
nal
and
Beac
hAR
EA 2
* Lagoonal
/
Facies
AREA
1 N
Oute
r : ;
: Barrier
J "Facies
1
73"
30'
00'
E33*
00*
00*
N
- 32"
20*
00'
32*
20*
00* N
Channel
sample location
+ Core sample location
Town
Salt
Range
Thrust
;; ; ;
. Sa
ndst
one
'//: associated wi
th
the
coal beds
Figure 2. Map
show
ing
sample locations, geography, an
d ge
nera
lize
d sa
ndst
one
distribution
in the
Peta
la Fo
rmat
ion
(san
dsto
ne data fr
om W
arwick an
d Sh
akoo
r.
1988b).
199O; Warwick and Shakoor, 1988a,b; Warwick and Javed, 199Q;
Warwick and others, 199O; Wells, 1984; and Wynne, 1878.
The coal bearing Patala Formation (ranges from 5 9O m thick)
is composed of dark gray, fossil iferous shale interbedded with
white quartzose sandstone, siltstone, marl, and limestone. Coal
and carbonaceous shale deposits generally occur as a single bed
«1 m thick) that is commonly split by dark gray shale or thin
«0.25 m thick) bands of quart zose sandstone. These laterally
discontinuous coal and carbonaceous shale beds overlie and are
laterally associated with northeasterly trending, elongate,
quartzose sandstone bodies (ranges from 1 2O m thick, fig. 2) and
are interpreted to have been deposited in back barrier and near
marine environments (Alam and others, 1987; Warwick and Shakoor,
1988a,b).
METHODS
Seventeen of the samples described in this report were
collected as core during a drilling program conducted by the
Geological Survey of Pakistan in the Eastern Salt Range. Eleven
of these samples were shale and carbonaceous shale (sediments
that comprise the majority of the coal-bearing Patala Formation)
that were collected from drill hole DSM-17 (fig. 2; Appendix- I).
Forty three samples were collected as whole bed or bench channel
samples from active working faces of 35 underground coal mines in
all parts of the Salt Range coal field (Appendix I). Coal and
carbonaceous shale channel samples were collected following ASTM
(1986) procedures. Roof and floor rock, and partings greater
than 1 cm thick were not included in the coal and carbonaceous
shale channel and core samples.
The proximate and ultimate analytical data reported here was
done in the laboratories of Geochemical Testing Incorporated in
Somerset, Pennsylvania, and Dickinson Laboratories Incorporated
of El Paso, Texas using ASTM <1986) methods. Randomly selected
coal and carbonaceous shale samples were analyzed for major ,
minor , and trace element contents by USGS laboratories in
Reston, Virginia using methods described in Golightly and Simon
(1989).
Correlation coefficients were calculated among trace
element, proximate, ultimate, location, and coal bed thickness
data. Few samples have a complete set of analytical data;
therefore, the number of samples used in each correlation will
vary. Sample locations (Areas 1, 2, and 3 on fig. 2) were
assigned to the western, central, and eastern parts of the Salt
Range coal field.
RESULTS
Figures 1 and 2 show the location of the Salt Range coal
field and the sample locations. Appendix I lists sample location
coordinates and background information. Appendix II and III
lists data obtained from proximate, ultimate, forms of sulfur,
free swel1 ing index, Hardgrove Grindabi1ity index, and ash-
fusion temperature analyses. Appendix IV lists major , minor
Taoie i. Hveraqeo seisctea analytical results of tests or, cnai saapies ay saspie ideation snown cr,figure 2 (N = niiiafiar cf saapies; ave. = average; s.d. = standard deviation; all values asrsceiveo or whole :oai oasis except tniCKness).
AREA i(west)
Goal bed Thickness (a;Jloisture (1}Ash Yieid tf)Volatile flatter (X)Fixed Carbon (X)Carbon (I)Hydrogen (1}Nitrogen. (X)Total Sulfur (I)Pyntic Sulfur (X)Organic Sulfur (X)Sulfate Sulfur (X)Oxygen (X)Calorific Value (Btu/lb)
ftl (X)Ca (X)Fe IX)K (I)Hg (X)Na (X)Si (X)Ti (X)
fig (PPH)As iPPH)B (PPH)Ba (PPM)Be (PPM)8r (PPH)Cd (PPH)Ce (PPH)Cl (PPH)Co (PPH)Cr (PPH)Cs (PPH)Cu (PPM)Eu (PPH)F (PPH)Sa (PPH)Se (PPH)Hf (PPH)Hg (PPH)La (PPH)
N
1819191919191919191919191919
3 j3T J
3333
3193333$
193
1919193
19313
193
19
ave.
0.429.11
21.834.6234.4750.374.960.986.425.410.860.1415.449355
1.040.194.830.060.060.031.830.15
0.1113.2100.3318.234.91.570.13
38.99100.06.58
37.260.5412.270.90
33.3310.015.332.530.14
20.06
s.d.
0.222.938.724.74,957.450.540.162.882.590.860.073.041385
0.240.052.370.030.020.020.450.01
0.0717.1429.514.421.210.810.05
34.1105.86
27.670.517.300.6211.5508.52.040.0117.38
N
1317171717i. i
171717171717171717
66666666
61266666
126
1212126
12666
126
12
AREA 2(central)
ave.
0.69.1522.6133.7534.4850.074.920.864.092.911.040.1317.449151
2.570.182.30.140.080.057.080.33
0.099.56
121.1722.124.06.880.13
21.41103.336.61
31.880.4215.050.56
26.6711.5814.772.70.0212.07
s.d.
0.31.438.794.464.296.350.580.131.351.430.440.132.591225
1.640.051.110.130.050.027.310.19
0.076.1945.5114.191.924.170.0714.678.164.87
22.230.356.380.3812.115.899.111.980.028.93
N
63a38888888888
22222222
242222242444242-7
2424
AREA 3 Ail AREAS(east)ave.
0.438.2333.4229.2629.0941.154.390.635.353.421.760.1715.057521
4.30.183.40.230.070.0613.00.78
0.0815.97
110.038.51.95.60.08
34.55100.0
7.3247.720.6915.00.71
20.013.93.055.20.0319.3
s,d.
0.152.S9.683.685.257.510.590.142.552.820.910.123.751407
3.110.040.280.180.050.032.830.45
0.0215.280
36.060.561.980.01
23.8308.51
25.960.65.660.48017.110.492.030.0312.75
N
3744444444444444444444444444
1111111111111111
1135111111111135113535351135119
11351135
(1+2+3)ave.
0.498.9724.2333.3133.548.584.840.875.324.081.10.1416.143943
2.470.183.190.130.070.056.730.36
0.0914.31113.4524.043.865.20.12
32.45101.816.6836.610.5214.280.76
27.2711.9212.792.890.0217.23
s.d.
0.232.49.764.775.17.740.590.192.522.500.610.13.121467
1.90.041.740.120.040.026.530.3
0.0614.3136.0518.071.813.860.06
28.346.035.68
25.440.466.120.5411.047.738.92.130.0214.64
Tadie 1. Averaged selected analytical results of tests on coal saaples oy saapie location snown en figure 2 (continued),
AREA 1 AREA 2(west) (central)
N ave. s.d. N ave. s.d.
Li (PPH) Lu (PPH) Hn (PPH) flo (PPH) Nb (PPH) Nd (PPH) Ni (PPH) P (PPH) Pb (PPH) Pr (PPH) Rb (PPH) Sb (PPH) Sc (PPH) Se (PPH) Sa (PPH) Sn (PPH) Sr (PPH) Ta (PPH) Tb (PPH) Th (PPH) U (PPH) V (PPH) H (PPH) Y (PPH) Yb (PPH) Zn (PPH) Zr (PPH)
T J
1931333 j33
191919191913\j
19193o33
1933
11.530.31
23.02.45.0
16.013.57
131.0311.511.5341.820.357.429.284.523.5
186.670.40.645.891.89
33.00.53
16.332.31
67.3333.0
6.710.169.5401.94.366.83
215.626.957.9915.180.185.872.783.35060.280.080.373.931.07
16.090.066.111.21
37.812.0
47.170.2433.08.0511.4716.0322.47
6 177.62 140.046 14.67 7.17
4.1831.210.315.87
11.772.764.6
31.020.1519.222.49.645.2713.83
5.3521.030.094.083.481.872.03
6 142.17 103.856
12126666
126
0.930.447.122.6
46.51.36
15.621.57
70.83
0.520.303.131.4
24.940.54.130.99
85.926 579.0 1235.46
AREA 3
N
24?222222244444222442222422
(east)ave.
66.00.28
31.513.729.526.026.0
103.013.82.9
22.70.657.15
21.03.776.05
131.01.950.51
12.859.4
76.02.0
19.02.06
61.0
s.d.
62.220.166.36
10.326.36
18.387.079.95.940.2814.830.34.436.732.564.8855.150.920.336.586.533.940.994.241.12
43.84315.0 106.07
N
1135119
11111111111135353535359
1111353511111111351111
All AREAS(1+2+3ave.
40.870.28
30.008.6812.9817.8320.68
151.3413.645.95
35.990.376.8511.483.834.3
152.270.710.557.113.64
48.181.25
16.432.02
68.09
is.d.
35.850.1515.095.3311.248.2311.52
141.846.46.3418.230.25.095.042.892.4883.240.710.344.463.69
26.530.714.421.15
64.68382.0 908.31
Table 2. Averaged selected analytical results of tests on carbonaceous shale samples listed by percent ash content as received basis (N = number of samples; ave. = average; s.d. = standard deviation; all values as received or whole coal basis except thickness). Tests for minor and trace elements for samples containing greater than 75 % ash, as received basis, were not run,
50 - 75 7. ASH > 75 7. ASH N ave. s.d. N ave. s.d.
Coal bed Thickness (m) 1 O.46 O 11 1.34 0.37Moisture (7.) 5 6.57 2.O9 11 6.O1 2.77Ash Yield (7.) 5 6O.29 8.05 11 83.56 3.79Volatile Matter (7.) 5 2O.O4 2.81 11 9. SO 3.36Fixed Carbon (7.) 5 13.OS 7.98 11 O.61 1.71Carbon (X) 5 19.O2 1O.OO 11 2.O6 2.51Hydrogen (7.) 5 2.66 0.68 11 1.55 0.32Nitrogen (7.) 5 O.28 0.17 11 O.O5 O.O5Total Sulfur (7.) 5 3.37 3.28 11 2.O2 1.14Pyritic Sulfur (7.) 5 2.86 3.35 11 1.84 1.O3Organic Sulfur (7.) 5 O.33 O.29 11 O.I O. 16Sulfate Sulfur (7.) 5 O. 18 O. 12 11 O.O8 O.O5Oxygen (7.) 5 14.38 4.83 11 1O.73 3.O1Calorific Value (Btu/lb) 5 3323 2O85 11 178 516
Al (7.) 4 7.65 2.65Ca (7.) 4 0.22 O.06Fe (7.) 4 3.8 3.61K (2) 4 0.33 0.12Mg (7.) 4 O.15 O.09Na (7.) 5 0.08 O.O3Si (7.) 4 16.5 2. OSTi (7.) 4 1.55 O.29
Ag (PPM) 4 O.44 O.57As (PPM) 5 14.2 10.99B (PPM) 4 129.25 35.76Ba (PPM) 4 78.5 16.54Be (PPM) 4 3.9 2.47Br (PPM) 4 4.O2 1.44Cd (PPM) 4 O.12 O.01Ce (PPM) 4 43.25 9.6Cl (PPM) 4 1OO.O OCo (PPM) 4 7.5 6.57Cr (PPM) 4 75.25 12.89Cs (PPM) 4 0.78 0.34Cu (PPM) 4 22.75 6.18Eu (PPM) 4 0.66 O.O6F (PPM) 4 45.OO 37.86Ga (PPM) 4 25.25 8.96Ge (PPM) 4 4.27 1.68
10
Table 2. Averaged selected analytical results o-f tests on carbonaceous shale samples listed by percent ash content, as-received basis (continued).
H-F (PPM) Hg (PPM) La (PPM) Li (PPM) Lu (PPM) Mn (PPM) Mo (PPM) Nb (PPM) Nd (PPM) Ni (PPM) P (PPM) Pb (PPM) Pr (PPM) Rb (PPM) Sb (PPM) Sc (PPM) Se (PPM) Sm (PPM) Sn (PPM) Sr (PPM) Ta (PPM) Tb (PPM) Th (PPM) U (PPM) V (PPM) W (PPM) Y (PPM) Yb (PPM) Zn (PPM) Zr (PPM)
N5O - 75 X ASH
ave. s.d.
454444444445444454454454444444
8.82O.O4
27.75122. O
O.4164. O8.47
49.2527. O41.7587.2519.656.3
19.51.829. 12
16.23.5
1O.2182.5
3.6O.48
19.06.25
115.253.37
28.02.55
26.5
2.820.046.O7
75.26O.O6
27.177.69
28.1915.4724.9811.249.892.696.452.521.78.56O.423.66
15. OO.76O.O12.161.75
29. 07O.52
12.19O.317.85
457.5 3O9.56
11
and trace element composition -For 39 coal and carbonaceous
samples. Average results of selected analytical data are listed
on Tables 1 and 2.
The three sample areas shown on -Figure 2 roughly correspond
to depositional -Facies o-F the coal bearing strata described in
Wardlaw and others, 199O; Warwick and Hussain, 199O; Warwick and
Shakoor 1988a,b. The coal beds in the western area are
interbedded with deposits o-F a northerly trending barrier bar
complex, the coal beds in the central part of the coal -Field are
associated with lagoonal and tidal flat deposits, and coal beds
in the eastern part o-f the coal -Field are associated with upper
shore face and tidal channel deposits.
Coal and carbonaceous shale bed thicknesses from 37 sample
locations averaged O.49 m (Table 1). Results of proximate and
ultimate analyses, reported on an as received basis, indicate
that 44 samples with less than 5O percent ash yield (US6S
definition of coal) have an average ash yield of 24.23 percent,
average sulfur content of 5.32 percent, average pyritic sulfur
content of 4.O7 percent, and average calorific value of 8943 Btu
(4972 kcal/kg). Averaged results for 35 coal samples, analyzed
on a whole coal, dry basis for selected trace elements are listed
on Table 1.
Positive correlations, significant at a O.O1 level, exist
between total sulfur and As, pyritic sulfur and As, total sulfur
and location, organic sulfur and Se, calorific value (Btu) and
location, and coal bed thickness and Se (figs. 3 and 4). In
12
As vs Total S
L ia 1 0
9 5
* 85
7 6LI"
5.7
4 7
3.8
o 2 g fh
1 9
As PPM
A.
Se vs Organic S2 2
2.0
1 &
U 1 0
COB 00)06
L DOS
0 3
Se PPM
As vs Pvritic S
B.
Se vs Bed Thickness0 91
0 83
(I) 5)059
Cj/ 0 51
U- 0 11
Ih Q.36
Do 28 (Dfflozo
a 12
Se PPM
D.
Figure 3. Plots of some positive correlations (0.01 level) found among analytical data; A) As and total S; B) As and pyritic S; C) Se and organic S; D) Se and coal bed thickness. All values reported in percentage as received (% ar), in parts per million (PPM), or in meters (m). R = correlation coefficient.
13
Loc vs Thickness1.11
^ 1 01
^ 0 91
O ou(01)0.71
C\l_ 0.61
U 0 52
£f- 0 12
"00320
CD 0.22
0 12 c
a
«
a o
9
O
0 0
:o
O 9
O O
o a
a 8
8« 0
3OOOI-I-I-NNNU
ouoiiUNuiaiHA^o
Area (on Fig 2)
Locat i on vs Ash47
43
39
L 360
32
^28~
25
£(1)21
C17
11
10c.
aa
oo
a
S
a
V
a
8o
~ o oo w
| a
a ao 8
: _____ a _____3OOOHI-I-NNNU
Qua>iiNuaiv-^-ja
Area (on Fig 21
A. B.
11829
11222
/-, 10615
g 10008
9401
A- 8791
\~ 8188
D 7581hffl 6974
63S7
<?7fcn3IDU C
C
Location vs BTU
.
0 0o
«0 0
0 « oa
0 2
a
0
o
9 «
o
o
>dOOt-l-l-NNN
iu<no)Nuia>i-i-j
Area (on Fig. 2)
»
a
o
a
a
~~*(Ja
Location vs Su 1 pur11.4
L 10.4 0
95
^ 8.5
76
I u.3 57w ,
1 1
0 38T-
0 29h
1.9C
C, _
o
0
« 8
o S
a.
O 9
9 9
0o a
« «
8 I9
8 J JOOOI-l-^NNN
3u<niflNmo>t-A^
Area (on Fig 21
a
9
a
S
«
o
u o
C. D.
Figure 4. Plots of sample location and coal bed A) thickness, B) ash yield, C) BTU, and D) total S. All values reported in percentage, as received (% ar) for samples with less than 50% ash yield. Locations refer to Areas 1-3 on figure 2.
14
general, the thickest coal beds with the lowest total sulfur
content are in the central part of the coal field. Organic
sulfur and Se contents are greatest in the eastern part of the
coal field; pyritic sulfur content is greatest in the western
part of the coal field. Total ash yields increase towards the
east. Calorific values for the samples, calculated to a moist,
mineral matter free basis, indicate that the apparent rank of the
coal is high volatile C bituminous.
Results of proximate and ultimate analyses, reported on an
as received basis, for 5 carbonaceous shale samples, with greater
than 5O percent and less than 75 percent ash yield (summarized on
Table 2), have an average ash yield of 6O.29 percent, average
sulfur content of 3.37 percent, average pyritic sulfur content of
2.86 percent, and average calorific value of 3323 Btu (1847
kcal/kg). Results for analyses of selected minor and trace-
elements, analysed on a whole rock, dry basis, are summarized on
Table 2.
Results of proximate and ultimate analyses, reported on an
as received basis, for 11 shale samples, with greater than 75
percent ash yield (summarized on Table 2), have an average ash
yield of 83.57 percent, an average sulfur content of 2.02
percent, an average pyritic sulfur content of 1.84 percent, and
average calorific value of 982 Btu (547 kcal/kg). No tests for
minor and trace element concentrations were run for samples
having greater than 75 percent ash yield.
15
DISCUSSION
Variations in the chemical and physical characteristics of
the Salt Range coal beds may be related to depositional
environments of the coal bearing strata. Increased ash
concentrations in an easterly or landward direction probably
indicate less stable, more -fluvially influenced environments of
peat deposition than elsewhere. Organic sulfur and Se content
increases in a landward direction. This indicates that Se and
organic sulfur probably formed in similar geochemical
environments (their correlation coefficient is significant at
O.43O7). Se and coal bed thickness have a significant
correlation coefficient at O.4946, but the reason for this
correlation is not clear and may be an artifact of averaging.
For example, the thicker coal beds generally contain less ash and
are located in the central and western part of the field, not in
the eastern part where coal bed thickness is less and ash and Se
content is greatest. The increase of organic sulfur eastward may
indicate that the eastern peats were deposited in fresher water
environments than in the other parts of the field, and that they
were inundated by marine waters that contributed to organic
sulfur concentrations. Similar depositional environments have
been proposed for increases in organic sulfur content in
Appalachian coal beds by Davies and Raymond (1983).
Total sulfur values are greatest in the western part of the
coal field and may be related to post peat pyrite fi1led burrows
observed commonly in the upper part of the coal bed near the
16
barrier bar complex. The thickest coal beds with the lowest ash
content and highest calorific values -formed -from peats deposited
in back barrier, tidal -flat environments o-f the central and
western parts o-f the coal -field.
No significant correlations were -found between total sul-fur
and bed thickness, and ash yield and bed thickness.
Concentrations o-f Ti, at O.36 percent? Zr, at 382 ppm; and
Se, at 11.4 ppm, are high compared to world wide averages -for
these elements in coal (Stach and others, 1982; Ward, 1984,
written communication, Finkelman, 1989). Four carbonaceous shale
samples, analyzed on a whole rock, dry basis -for selected trace
elements, have average concentrations o-f Ti , at 1.55 percent; Zr,
at 457 ppm; and Se, at 9. 1 ppm. The high percentages o-f Ti and
Zr in the coal samples may be related to the ash yield o-f the
samples. Zr and Si have a positive correlation coefficient of
O.7994 and Ti and ash yield have a positive correlation
coefficient of O.697O.
CONCLUSIONS
In general, the thickest coal beds with the lowest total
sulfur content are in the central part of the Salt Range coal
field. Organic sulfur and Se contents are greatest in the
eastern part of the coal field; pyritic sulfur content is
greatest in the western part of the coal field. Total ash yields
increase towards the east. Calorific values for coal samples,
calculated on a moist, mineral matter free basis, indicate that
17
the apparent rank of the coal is high volatile C bituminous.
Some of the variations observed in the chemical and physical
characteristics o-f the Salt Range coal beds may be related to
different depositional environments of the coal bearing strata.
Ash yield and organic sulfur content are greatest in the eastern
part of the coal field where fluvial and lacustrine environments
may have contributed to the character of the coal beds. Coal bed
thickness is greatest and total sulfur content is least in
lagoonal environments of the central part of the coal field.
Total and pyritic sulfur content is greatest in the western part
of the coal field and may be related an abundance of post-peat
pyrite filled burrows commonly observed in the upper part of the
coal bed. Concentrations of Ti, Zr, and Se are high compared to
world wide averages for these elements in coal and may be related
to the high ash yield of the samples.
REFERENCES
Ahmad, W. , Gauhar, S. H. , Siddiqi, R. A., 1986, Coal resources of
Pakistan: Records of the Geological Survey of Pakistan, vol.
73, 55 p.
Alam, G. S., Bhatti, N. A., Mashhadi, S. T. A., Shakoor, T.,
Javed, S., and Anwar, M., 1987, Coal deposits of the Dalwal
Plateau, District Chakwal, eastern Salt Range, Punjab,
Pakistan: Geological Survey of Pakistan Information Release
325, 33 p.
18
American Society -for Testing and Materials, 1986, Annual book of
ASTM Standards: vol. .05.O5, Gaseous Fuels; Coal and Coke:
ASTM, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 565 p.
Baker, D. M. , Li Hie, R. J. , Yeats, R. S. , Johnson, G. D. ,
Yousu-f, M. , and Zamin, A. S. H. , 1988, Development of the
Himalayan frontal thrust zone: Salt Range Pakistan: Geology,
v. 16, p. 3 7.
Davies, T. D., and Raymond, R., Jr., 1983, Sulfur as a reflection
of depositional environments in peats and coals, in Raymond,
R., Jr., and Andrejko, M. J., eds.. Proceedings of workshop
on Mineral Matter in Peat, Its Occurrence, Form, and
Distribution, September 26 3O, 1983, Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, p. 123 14O.
Gee, E. R., 1938, The economic geology of the northern Punjab,
with notes on adjoining portions of the North-West Frontier
Province: India Mining Geology and Metallic Institute
Transaction, vol. 33, pt. 3, p. 263 35O.
Gee, E. R., 1945, Coal: Records of the Geological Survey of
India, vol. 76, n. 16, 147 p.
Gee, E. R., 1949, The mineral resources of north western India:
Records of the Geological Survey of Pakistan, vol. 1, pt. 1,
25 p.
Ghaznavi, M. I., 1988, The petrographic properties of the coals
of Pakistan: (M. S. Thesis), Carbondale, Southern Illinois
University, 175 p.
19
Golightly, D. W. and Simon, F. O. , eds. 1989, Methods for
sampling and inorganic analysis o-f coal: U.S. Geological
Survey Bulletin 1823, 72 p.
Khan, N. M. , 1949, A survey o-f coal resources o-f Pakistan:
Geological Survey o-f Pakistan Records, vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 1-
11.
LaTouche, B. A., 1894, Report on the Bhaganwala coal field. Salt
Range, Punjab: Geological Survey of India Records, vol. 27,
p. 16-33.
Landis, E. R., Reinemund, J. A., Cone, G. C., Schick, D. P.,
Kebblish, W., 1971, Analyses of Pakistan coals: U. S.
Geological Survey Project Report, (IR) PK-58, 71 p.
Powel1 Duffryn Technical Services, Ltd., 1949, Report on the
production and utilization of coal in Pakistan: Second
report to the Government of Pakistan, 136 p., 13 pi.
Shah, S. M. I., 198O, Stratigraphy and economic geology of
central Salt Range: Records of the Geological Survey of
Pakistan, vol. 52, 1O4 p.
Stach, E. , Mackowsky M.-TH., Teichmuller M. , Taylor G. H.,
Chandra D. and Teichmuller R. 1982, Stach's textbook of coal
petrology: Gebruder Borntraeger, Stuttgart, 535 p.
Ward, C. R. (ed.), 1984, Coal geology and coal technology:
Blackwell Scientific Publications, Melbourne, 345 p.
20
Wardlaw, B. R. , Martin, W. E. , and Haydri, I. H. , 199O,
Preliminary lithofacies analysis o-f the Lockhart, Fatal a,
and Nammal Formations (Paleocene Eocene) o-f the Salt
Range: Geological Survey of Pakistan Project Report (IR) PK-
9O, 4O manuscript pages <in press).
Warwick, P. D. , and Husain, Farhat, 199O, Coal fields o-f Punjab
and North West Frontier Provinces, and Azad Kashmir,
Pakistan: in Kazmi, A. H. , ed. , Proceedings o-f a workshop on
the Significance of Coal Resources of Pakistan, February 8
9, Karachi, Pakistan: Geological Survey of Pakistan, Quetta,
18 manuscript pages <in press).
Warwick, P. D., and Javed, S., 199O, Quality and character of
Pakistan coal: in Kazmi, A. H., ed., Proceedings of a
workshop on the Significance of Coal Resources of Pakistan,
February 8-9, Karachi, Pakistan: Geological Survey of
Pakistan, Quetta, 17 manuscript pages <in press).
Warwick, P. D., and Shakoor, T. , 19S8a, Controls on the
distribution and lithofacies of marginal marine Paleocene
formations of the Salt Range, Pakistan: Geological Society
of America, Abstracts with Programs, vol. 2O, no. 7, p. A9O.
Warwick, P. D., and Shakoor, T., 19S8b, Preliminary report on the
coal characteristics in the Salt Range area of north central
Pakistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 88-637,
333 p. (Also Geological Survey of Pakistan Project Report
(IR) PK-83.)
21
Warwick, P. D. , Shakoor, T. , Javed, S. , Mashhadi, S. T. A., and
Ghaznavi, M. I., 199O, Chemical and physical characteristics
of coal beds from the Salt Range coal field, Punjab
Province, Pakistan: USGS research on energy resources 199O
Program and Abstracts, Sixth V. E. McKelvey Forum on Mineral
and Energy Resources, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1060,
p. 86.
Wells, N. A., 1984, Marine and continental sedimentation in the
early Cenozoic Kohat Basin and adjacent northwestern Indo-
Pakistan: Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan, 465 p.
Wynne, A. B., 1878, Geology of the Salt Range in the Punjab:
Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, vol. 14, 313 p.
22
APPENDIX I. COAL AND CARBONACEOUS SHALE SAMPLE BACK6RQUND DATA
Dashed line indicates no data or not applicable.
SAMPLE NUMBER
85-SDT-001 85-SKA-OQ3 85-SPR-002 85HI6104 85HI6105 85HIB109 85HI6111 85MIB116 86-T6H-1 B6-T6H-2 86-T6H-3 86-T6H-4 86-TBH-7 86-TBM-8 86-T6H-9ARA-DD-6ARA-MC-5ARA-HN-19ARA-TC-6ARR-KH-RT-AARR-HH-RT-BARR-JV-7CB-KC-3ACB-KC-33CD-DL-4C6AS-HCC-3DANDQT-CA-2DANDQT-KC-6DANDQT-PJ-H1DANDQT-PJ-P6-1DANDOT-SP-6
DSD-13-2DSD-14-3DSD-15-4DSD-16-5DSM-18-6JT-HDH-58KK-6H-8A
KK-6H-8B
KW-CYS-1H-SAL-1MN-1MN-1GHN-11flN-2HN-3HH-4HN-5HN-6HH-7HN-8HN-9NH-JV-iNW-flAH-2P-KB-6BP-KC-12PJ-PCP-1PJ-PCP-2APJ-PCP-28TSD-7-1
LQN6ITUDE LATITUDE
725500 E 323930 N 723940 £ 323358 N 723100 E 323700 N 730140 E 324255 N 730012 E 324010 N 725225 E 324050 N 725030 E 324130 N 722115 E 323258 N 725830 E 324253 N 731010 E 324445 N 730930 E 324555 N 731225 E 324430 N 730036 E 324410 N 730550 E 324800 N 730005 E 324355 N731155730815731625731030722055722055722330722510722510725030730625725510725603725717725919725636
725615725607725624725722730147732340724225
724225
720850723325730105730105730105730105730105730105730105730105730105730105730105723725723515722845723535723100723120723120725605
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
EEEEEEE
E
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
324345324450324340324440323250323250323310323425323425323940324850324100323933323905324030324033
324352323955324012324000324325325010323725
323725
323025323925324308324308324308324308324308324308324308324308324308324308324308323645323805323640323530323745323815323815324307
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
NNNNNNN
N
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
DISTRICT
KHUSHAB JEHLUM KHUSHAB JEHLUM JEHLUM JEHLUH JEHLUM KUSHAB JEHLUH JEHLUH JEHLUH JEHLUH JEHLUM JEHLUM JEHLUMJEHLUMJEHLUMJHELUHJEHLUMKHUSHABKHUSHABKHUSHABKHUSHABKHUSHABJEHLUMJEHLUHJEHLUHJEHLUMJEHLUHJEHLUMJEHLUH
JEHLUHJEHLUHJEHLUHJEHLUHJEHLUMJEHLUHJEHLUH
JEHLUM
KHUSHABJEHLUHJEHLUHJEHLUMJEHLUHJEHLUMJEHLUHJEHLUHJEHLUMJEHLUMJEHLUMJEHLUMJEHLUHJEHLUHJEHLUMKHUSHABKHUSHABKHUSHABKHUSHABKHUSHABJEHLUM
DATE COLLECTED
________
01/18/8801/19/8812/12/8701/24/8803/26/8803/26/8803/23/8803/22/8803/22/8804/21/8802/10/8810/07/8801/26/8801/26/8801/28/8801/11/88
02/18/8803/14/8803/31/8804/14/8806/14/8802/06/8802/21/88
02/21/88
03/29/8803/08/8806/02/8806/03/8806/03/8806/03/8806/03/8806/03/8806/03/8806/03/8806/03/8806/03/8806/03/8802/22/8803/02/8803/09/8803/06/8803/03/8803/03/8803/03/8802/03/88
COLLECTOR
6HAZNAVI 6HAZNAVI SHAZNAVI 6HAZNAVI 6HAZNAVI 6HAZNAVI BHAZNAVi 6HAZNAVI 6HAZNAVI 6HAZNAVI 6HAZNAVI SHAZNAVI 6HAZNAVI 6HAZNAV1 6HAZNAVIWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKHUSSAINHUSSAINHUSSAINHUSSAIN
t SHAKOOR& SHAKOORt SHAKOORi SHAKOORi SHAKOORi SHAKOORi SHAKOORi SHAKOOR& SHAKOORt SHAKOOR& SHAKOORi SHAKOORi JAVED& JAVEDi JAVEDt JAVED
HASHHADIHASHHAQIMASHHAQIMASHHADIHASHHADIWARWICKWARWICK
WARWICK
WARWICKWARWICKHASHHADIHASHHADIHASHHADIHASHHADIHASHHADIHASHHADIHASHHADIHASHHADIMASHHADIMASHHADIMASHHADIWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKANWAR i
& SHAKOORi SHAKOOR
i SHAKOOR
i SHAKOORi SHAKOORi JAVEDi JAVEDi JAVEDi JAVEDi JAVED
JAVEDJAVEDJAVEDJAVEDJAVED
& JAVEDi SHAKOOR& SHAKOORi SHAKOOR6 SHAKOORi SHAKOORi SHAKOOR& SHAKOORMASHHADI
MINE NAME
RAKH DIWANKARAN6ALCHITTI DANDDALWALARARAAFTAB COAL COMPANYSIDHANDIMUNAWARNAWAZNAZAZ NO 33HASAINNAWAZDHOLA DHER NO. 6MUNAWER CORP. NO.5HEHR NAZER i CO.TARIQ COAL CO. HINE NO.HAYAL-UL-HIR COAL CO.HAYAT-UL-HIR COAL CO.JHELUH VALLEY COAL CO.KATHA COLLIERIES NO. 3KATHA COLLIERIES NO. 3CHIHIDAND COLLIERY NO.HUSSAIN COAL CO.CAPTAIN ABID MINE NO. 2
DANDQT HAIN INCLINE, PUNJMINPUNJHIN-P6SUPER PUNJAB COAL CO. HINENO.6
HALIK DOST HOHAMAD i CO.6ULZAR i CO. HASNAIN COLLIERYMINE NO. 88ULZAR & CO. HASNAIN COLLIERYMINE NO. 8CHAUDRY YOUNES SHAFIQ & CO.S.A. LATIF i CO.
JAVED i CO.MALIK ATA MOHAHHED & CO. NO.KARAH BUTSH & CO. NO. 6BKHYBER COAL CO. NO. 12PUNJMIN PCP NO. 1PUNJMIN PCP-2PUNJMIN PCP-2
23
APPENDIX !. SAMPLE BACKGROUND DATA(continued)
Dashed line indicates no data or not applicable,
SAHPLE NUHBER
85-SDT-OOi85-SKA-003 85-SPR-002B5HI610485HIG105 85,116109 85HIS111 85HI6116QJUTCM-1oo i on i00 1 on £. Ql-TCM-T00 i on ooo i on ^86-TSH-7OJL TCM QBO 1 On 0 BA-TCM-0CO » an 7ARA-DD-6 ARA-«C-5 ARA-HN-19rain lit QARR-HH-RT-A ARR-HH-RT-B ARR-JV-7 CB-KC-3AUB M« OBCD-DL-4 C6AS-HCC-3 DANDOT-CA-2 DAHDOT-KC-6DANDQT-PJ-Hi DANDOT-PJ-P6-1 DANDOT-SP-6 DSD-13-2 DSD-14-3 DSD-15-4 DSD-16-5 DSH-18-6 JT-HDH-5BMi on OH KK-6H-8B KN-CYS-1 H-SAL-1 HN-1 HN-10 HN-11 HH-2 HM-3 HN-4 HN-5 HN-6m-7HN-8 8N-9 NM-JV-1 NH-HAH-2 P-KB-6B P-KC-12 PJ-PCP-1 PJ-PCP-2A PJ-PCP-2B TSD-7-1
INTERVAL THICKNESS ( )
0.760.91 0.79
0.36
0.61 0.46 0.290.30 0.43 0.12 0.55 0.120.27 0.38 0.30 0.36 0.990.91 1.11 0.56 0.30 0.91 0.42 0.51 0.82 0.610.61 0.27 0.55 0.24 0.46 1.52 0.46 1.37 1.52 1.37 1.40 1.61 1.66 1.52 1.52 0.43 0.26 0.46 0.46 0.33 0.58 0.24 0.23
TO TOP QF CQAL BED ( )
118.51 117.35 98.14 96.62 82.60
66.55 82.85 84.37 68.09 70.10 71.62 73.22 74.90 77.72 79.38 80.90
142.34
95.70
DRILL HOLE NUHBER
DSD-13 DSD-14 DSD-15 DSD-16 DSH-18
DSH-17 DSH-17 DSH-17 DSH-17 DSH-17 DSH-17 DS«-17 DSH-17 DSH-17 DSH-17 DSH-17
TSD-7
ROOF ROCK TYPE
________
SHALE SILTSTQNE CARBONACEOUS SHALE
SANDSTONE/SHALE SILTSTONE/SHALE SANDSTONE/SHALE SHALEdlLiSIUnC/SnHLLSHALE SHALE CARBONACEOUS SHALE CARBONACEOUS SHALEOnHLCSILTSTQNE SHALE SHALE SHALE CARBONACEOUS SHALE SHALE SHALE SHALESHALE/SANDSTONE SHALE SHALE SHALE HARL LOST SHALE LOST LOST SHALE LOST LOST LOST SHALE SHALE SHALE/SANDSTONE SHALE SHALE SHALE SHALE SILTSTQNE SHALE SHALE
FLOOR ROCK TYPE
________
SHALE SANDSTONE
_Hn0UnnuCUU9 DnHLtSHALE SHALE SILTSTONE SHALE3nnLLSHALE SHALE CARSBONACEOUS SHALE SHALESHALE SHALE SHALE SHALE SHALE SHALE CARBONACEOUS SHALE SHALE SANDSTQNE/SILTSTONECUAI CbnRLc SHALE SILTSTONE SHALE LOST SHALE SANDSTONE - PERHIAN LOST SHALE LOST LOST LOST SHALE SHALE LOST CARB SHALE SHALE SHALE M/SS SHALE SANDSTONE/SHALE SHALE SILTSTONE SHALE
24
II, Proxiaate ana ultisate analyses and calorific value deterainations for 60 coal and carbonaceous shale saiples froa Punjab, Pakistan.
[All analyses except calorific value in percent. For each saapie nuaber, the analyses are reported to four bases: first, equiiibriui aoisture basis; second, as-received basis; third, ioisture-free basis; and fourth, moisture- and ash-free basis. Dashed line indicates not analyzed. All analyses by coaiercial testing laboratories following ASTM (1986) standards.]
PROXIMATE ANALYSIS
SAMPLE VOLATILE FIXED NUMBER MOISTURE ASH MATTER CARBON
85-SDT-001 -- -----
11.44 13.84 15.63
35-SKA-003 -----
14.46 13.63 iD.TJ
9.23 18.48 20.36
85MI61G4 - 7.11 13.51 14 54
i t WT
-
B5MI6105 10.14 28.02 oi.io
10.06 10.53 11.71 _____
85MIG111 ----- -----
4.79 55.98_____ 50 Oft tie . BV
35.3639.9347.33
32.0637.4844.58
35.0338.5948.46
40.8643.9851.46
29.3232.6347.42
36.6640.7646.16
22.6823.8357 QA
39,44,52.
39.46.55.
37.41.51.
38.41.48.
32.36.52.
42.47.53.
16.17.40
,36,44,67
855942
260554
524854
521958
755334
55371 A
ULTIMATE ANALYSIS
CARBON HYDROBEN NITRQ6EN CHLORINE SULFUR
57.1964.5376.54
52.7161.6373.31
51.6656.9271.47
58.6063.0873.82
44.5049.5271.96
58.1864.69 -73.27
25.5226.81i5 A7
5.474.735.61
5.374.395.22
4.904.265.35
5.414.975.82
4.553.805.52
5.344.695.31
3.182.78A 7«!
0.951.071.27
0.951.101.31
1.011.111.39
0.880.941.10
0.810.901.31
0.850.941.06
0.430.451 AO
- 2.71 - 3. - 3.
7. 8. 9.
- 8. 9. 11.
4.5.6.
2. 2. 3.
4. \i*
6.
- 2. - 2. 7
0562
022177
624992
882616
474798
803304
8599OA
OXYGEN
19.8410.9412.96
20.328.7410.39
15.337.869.87
16.7211.2113.10
19.6511.8617.23
20.3012.6414.32
12.048.17
10 OT
CALORIFIC VALUE
BTU/LB KCAL/K6
10,27911,60713,757
9,57411,19213,313
9,88010,38513,668
10,86511,69613,687
7,8528,73812,698
10,52011,69613,247
4,6504,884
11 OSA
5,7156,4537,649
5,32^6,2237,402
5,4936,0527,599
6,0416,5037,610
4,3664,8587,060
5,8496,5037,365
2,585T 715 _, I J.<J
A 50ft
25
Appendix II (continued). Proxiiate and uitiiate analyses and calorific values deteriinations for 60 coai saaples froi Punjab, Pakistan.
SAMPLE NUMBER
35MIS116
86-TBM-l
86-T6H-2
86-T6H-3
86-TSM-4
86-T6H-7
86-TSM-8
36-T6M-9
ARA-DD-6
PROXIMATE ANALYSIS
VOLATILE FIXED HOISTIJRE ASH HATTER CARBON
5.32 ii- 11
9.01 29 7-7
Wi
5.45 43_____ »L
TB
5.28 56 60
10.01 37 _____ 41
7.31 51 - 55
5.58 66- 70
7.51 46 50
.25
.89
.67
.61
.55
.06
.89
.06
.30
.45
.22
.26
.99
.95
.70
.50
11.74 41.04 8.16 42.71 46.50
46.72 49.35 56.01
30.62 33.65 49.93
26.89 28.44 52.72
22.04 23.26 58.23
24.85 27.62 47.17
20.36 21.96 49.08
15.53 16.45 56.63
21.49 23.24 46.94
26.02 27.08 29.48«!«! 11
36.71 38.76 43.99
30.70 33.74 50.07
24.11 25.50 47.28
15.79 16.68 41.77
27.84 30.93 52.83
21.11 22.78 50.92
11.90 12.60 43.37
24.30 26.26 53.06
21.20 22.05 24.02dl 00
ULTIMATE ANALYSIS
CARBON HYDR06EN NITROGEN CHLORINE SULFUR
63.33 66.88 75.90
44.04 48.40 71.82
34.64 36.63 67.91
24.34 25.70 64.34
36.80 40.89 69.84
28.06 30.27 67.66
12.48 13.22 45.51
34.37 37.16 75.06
31.34 32.61 35.51
5.96 5.67 6.43
4.60 3.95 5.86
3.64 3.20 5.93
3.13 2.68 6.71
3.93 3.12 5.33
3.15 2.51 5.61
2.13 1.60 5.51
3.32 2.68 5.41
4.17 3.89 3.24
1.16 1.23 1.40
0.71 0.78 i.16
0.45 0.47 0.87
0.34 0.36 0.90
0.44 0.49 0.84
0.42 0.46 1.03
0.18 0.19 0.65
0.45 0.48 0.97
0.52 0.54 0.59
- 2.96 - 3.12 3.54
- 3.63 - 3.99 - 5.92
- 4.82 5.10
- 9.45
1.65 - 1.74 4.36
5.51 6.12 - 10.45
2.13 - 2.29 - 5.12
- 9.12 9.66 - 33.26
- 2.16 2.34 4.73
0.01 4.49 0.01 4.670.01 5.09 q KI
OXY6EN
15.34 11.21 12.73
17.35 10.27 15.24
12.90 8.54 15.84
13.65 9.46
23.69
16.02 7.93 13.54
15.02 9.21
20.58
9.10 4.38 15.07
13.00 6.84 13.83
18.43 15.57 9.06
CALORIFIC VALUE
BTU/LB KCAL/KS
11,829 12,494 14,179
8,080 8,880 13,177
6,282 6,645 12,319
4,239 4,475 11,204
6,585 7,317 12,497
5,123 5,527 12,353
2,605 2,759 9,498
5,977 6,462 13,053
5,618 5,8466,365
11 floa
6,577 6,947 7,883
4,492 4,937 7,326
3,493 3,695 6,849
2,357 2,488 6,229
3,661 4,068 6,948
2,848 3,073 6,368
1,448 1,534 5,281
3,323 3,593 7,257
3,124 3,250 3,539A A15
26
538
Appendix II (continued). Proxiiate and ultieate analyses and calorific values determinations for 60 coal les froi Punjab, Pakistan,
PROXIMATE ANALYSIS
SAHPL£ VOLATILE FIXED NUMBER MOISTURE ASH HATTER CARBON
ARA-HC-5
ARA-MN-19
ARA-TC-6
ARR-HH-RT-A
ARR-HH-RT-B
ARR-JV-7
CB-KC-3A
CB-KC-3B
5.795.70
13.5314.15
9.287.89
8.328.15
6.746.97
9.159.67
5.455.84
9.489.53
39.4539.4941.87
19.9319.7823.04
24.6625.0427.18
19.1119.2520.96
26.5926.5328.52
19.9119.8021.92
31.7431.6133.57
16.2816.3318.06
28.9929.0230.7752.94
32.4632.2337.5448,78
TT ^q JO I 4.|J
33.7636.6550.34
36.8937.1640.4651.19
35.4535.3638.0153.18
35.1934.9838.7349.60
35.6435.4937.6956.74
37.0337.1341.0750.12
25.7725.7927.3647.06
34.0833.8439.4251.22
32.8133.3136.1749.66
35.1835.4438.5848.31
31.2231.1433.4746.82
35.7535.5539.3550.04
27.1727.0623.7443.26
36.8536.9640.8749.88
ULTIMATE ANALYSIS
CARBON HYDROSEN NITR06EN CHLORINE SULFUR
39.4339.5241.90
48.1647.8255.70
47.1647.8851.99
51.1351.5156.08
47.8647.7551.32
52.4552.1557.74
47.0646.8649.77
55.3455.5061.38
4.024.023.53
5.135.224.24
4.984.884.34
4.844.794.22
4.364.874.40
5.015.044.39
4.314.834.44
5.365.344.72
0.640.640.67
0.630.680.79
0.750.770.83
0.920.921.00
0.870.860.93
0.950.941.05
0.940.941.00
1.141.151.27
0.010.010.01
0.010.010.01
0.010.010.01
0.020.020.02
0.020.020.02
0.050.050.05
0.020.020.02
0.020.020.02
2.892.893.075.28
4.084.054.716.13
6.286.386.929.51
11.1211.2012.1915.42
5.955.946.388.93
5.024.995.527.07
4.184.164.426.65
5.485.506.087.42
OXY6EN
13.5113.438.90
21.9622.4411.51
16.1615.048.73
12.8612.315.53
13.8514.038.43
16.6117.039.33
11.2511.586.78
16.3816.168.47
CALORIFIC VALUE
BTU/LB KCAL/K6
7,3207,3277,77013,368
8,7128,64910,07513,091
8,8068,9419,70713,330
9,6679,73810,60213,414
8,9868,9649,63513,479
9,6319,57610,60113,577
3,6648,6289,16313,794
10,11210,14111,21513,687
4,0704,0744,3207,433
4,3444,8095,6027,279
4,8964,9715,3677,411
5,3755,4145,8957,458
4,9964,9845,3577,494
D,6tf3
5,3245,8947,549
4,8174,7975,0957,669
5,6225,6386,2357,610
27
Appendix II (continued). Proxiiate and uitiaate analyses and calorific values deterninations for 60 coal samples froffl Punjab, Pakistan.
PROXIMATE
SAMPLE NUMBER MOISTURE ASH
CD-DL-4 9.6410.42
C8AS-HCC-3 8.717.59
DANDQT-CA- 8.662 7.30
DANDOT-KC- 9.416 10.04
DANDOT-PJ- 10.93Ml 11.49
DANDQT-PJ- 9.58P6-1 8.31
DANDOT-SP- 10.136 9.05
DSD-13-2 6.066.67
DSD-14-3 8.348.70
19.4519.2821.53
37.3937.8540.96
24.0224.3726.29
21.9521.8024.23
13.5313.4515.19
23.9924.3326.53
17.8718.0819.88
29.9529.7531.38
23.3723.2825.49
ANALYSIS
VOLATILE FIXED MATTER CARBON
33.9133.6137.5247.82
25.6725.9828.1247.62
34.2634.7737.5150.90
35.3535.1039.0251.49
38.2237.9842.9150.5932.9833.4436.4849.65
33.6334.0337.4246.71
33.7333.5135.9052.71
34.3734.2337.4950.32
37.0036.6940.9552.18
28.2328.5830.9252.38
33.0633.5636.2049.10
33.2933.0636.7548.51
37.3237.0841.9049.4133.4533.9236.9950.35
38.3738.8442.7053.29
30.2630.0732.2247.29
33.9233.7937.0249.68
ULTIMATE ANALYSIS
CARBON HYDRQ6EN NITRQBEN CHLORINE SULFUR
49.4048.9854.67
36.1736.6139.62
48.8049.5353.43
50.1249.7755.32
57.1756.8164.19
47.9648.6353.04
52.5153.1458.43
47.2046.9050.25
49.4949.3053.99
5.065.114.41
4.724.644.10
5.064.974.48
5.135.174.50
5.645.684.96
4.924.834.25
5.185.114.50
4.764.804.34
4.934.954.36
0.950.941.05
0.660.670.73
0.850.870.94
0.920.921.02
1.000.991.12
0.870.890.97
0.950.961.06
0.860.850.91
0.810.810.89
0.020.020.02
0.020.020.02
0.010.010.01
0.010.010.01
0.010.010.01
0.020.020.02
0.020.020.02
0.020.020.02
0.020.020.02
2.862.833.164.03
10.9111.0411.9520.24
3.263.313.574.84
4.194.164.626.10
2.092.082.352.775.485.566.068.25
5.855.926.518 |7
. ii>
3.903.884.156.10
5.505.486.008.05
OXYGEN
22.2622.8415.16
10.139.172.62
18.0016.9411.28
17.6818.1710.30
20.5620.9812.18
16.7615.749.13
17.6216.779.60
13.3113.808.45
15.8816.169.25
CALORIFIC VALUE
BTU/LB KCAL/KG
9,5849,501
10,60613,516
6,7386,8217,381
12,501
8,9699,1029,819
13,322
9,2059,14110,16113,410
10,22110,15711,47513,5318,8478,9719,78513,319
9,5769,69110,65517 700 1 j , Li I
8,7498,6929,31313,672
9,1459,1099,97713,390
5,3295,2825,8977,515
3,7463,7924,1046,951
4,9875,0615,4597,407
5,1185,0825,6497,456
5,6835,6476,3807,5234,9194,9895,4407,405
5,3249,6915,924 7 ^94/ , -J7T
4,8644,8335,1787,602
5,0855,0655,5477,445
28
Appendix II (continued). Proxiiate and ultiiate analyses and calorific values deterainations for 60 coal saiples froa Punjab, Pakistan.
SAMPLE NUMBER
DSD-15-4
DSD-16-5
DSH-18-6
JT-HDH-5B
KK-6H-8A
KK-SH-8B
KN-CYS-1
H-SAL-1
PROXIMATE ANALYSIS
VOLATILE FIXED MOISTURE ASH MATTER CARBON
8.909.76
8.009.42
4.905.04
-----
6.336.91
11.4010.67
9.688.32
14.2116.87
7.717.06
28.5028.2331.28
25.1624.7727.34
78.2778.1582.30_____
21.7721.6423.24
10.1110.1911.41
28.2928.7231.32
25.9725.1630.27
16.4216.5417.80
30.2029.9233.15JQ TCno._j
33.3332.8136.2349.86
11.0711.0511.6465.73
34.4934.2736.8247.97
39.3839.7044.4550.17
33.0033.5036.5453.21
28.9328.0333.7248.36
37.5237.7840.6549.45
32.4032.0935.5751.75
33.5133.0036.4350.14
5.765.766.06
34.27
37.4137.1839.9452.03
39.1139.4444.1449.83
29.0329.4632.1446.79
30.8929.9436.0151.64
38.3538.6241.5550.55
ULTIMATE ANALYSIS
CARBON HYDROBEN NITR08EN CHLORINE SULFUR
45.8645.4250.34
49.4448.6753.74
9.269.249.74
53.6253.2957.25
59.9560.4567.67
45.4746.1650.34
38.8037.6045.23
55.6956.0860.34
4.314.383.64
4.244.353.64
1.641.661.15
4.894.934.47
5.905.865.22
5.064.974.40
4.524.733.42
5.115.064.60
0.840.830.92
0.870.850.94
0.200.200.21
0.830.830.89
1.051.051.18
0.870.880.96
0.660.640.77
1.241.241.34
O.C20.020.02
0.020.020.02
0.01O.Ci0.01
0.020.020.02
0.130.130.14
0.100.100.11
0.020.020.02
0.050.050.05
4.424.384.857.06
6.536.437.099.76
4.414.414.64
26.21
3.493.473.724.85
2.032.042.292.58
1.881.912.093.04
11.7411.3713.6819.62
8.448.509.1511.13
OXY8EN
16.0516.748.95
13.7414.917.23
6.216.331.95
15.3815.8210.41
20.8320,2812.09
18.3317.2610.78
18.2920.486.61
13.0512.536.72
CALORIFIC VALUE
BTU/LB KCAL/K6
8,2158,1379,017 13 1221%} 4 J.£-_
9,0018,8629,78313,465
1,7231,7201,812
10,234
9,7789,71810,43913,600
10,84810,93812,24413,821
8,3108,4359,20113,398
7,3647,1368,58412,309
10,54910,62411,43113,905
4,5674,5245,0137 TCU/ ,-70
5,0054,9275,4397,486
958956
1,0075,690
5,4375,4035,8047,561
6,0316,0826,8087,684
4,6204,6905,1167,449
4,0943,9684,7736,344
5,8655,9076,3567,731
29
Appendix II (continued). Prasiiate and ultimate analyses ana calorific values deterainatians far 60 ccal saepies froi Punjab, Pakistan.
SAMPLE NUflBER
[1H-1
UN-10
UN-11
UN-2
UN-3
HM-4
UN-5
SIN-6
PROXIMATE ANALYSIS
VOLATILE FIXED KOISTURE ASH HATTER CARBON
9.58 9.91
2.30 1.36
3.22 1.73
9.78 8.98
7.20 6.12
6.03 5.16
7.60 7.59
10.93 10.88
70.64 70.38 73.13
31.23 82.01 83.57
83.65 84.94 56.44
77.86 78.55 86.30
85.26 86.26 91.88
83.94 84.76 89.37
81.99 82.00 88.73
81.16 81.21 91.12
19.73 19.66 21.82 99.76
15.31 15.96 16.26 98.96
12.79 12.98 13.21 97.40
12.33 12.44 13.66 99.70
7.40 7.49 7.98 98.23
9.91 10.01 10.55 99.23
10.37 10.37 11.22 99.54
7.82 7.83 8.78
OD 07
0.05 0.05 0.05 0.24
0.16 0.17 0.17 1.04
0.34 0.35 0.35 2.60
0.03 0.03 0.04 0.30
0.14 0.13 0.14 1.77
0.07 0.07 0.08 0.77
0.04 0.04 0.05 0.46
0.09 0.08 0.101 A7
ULTIMATE ANALYSIS
CARBON HYDROGEN NITROBEN CHLORINE SULFUR
4.71 4.69 5.21
1.63 1.64 1.67
1.10 1.12 1.14
1.77 1.79 1.97
0.77 0.78 0.83
1.69 1.70 1.80
3.27 3.27 3.54
1.09 1.10 1.23
1.70 1.73 0.69
1.51 1.42 1.23
1.49 1.34 1.17
2.05 1.97 1.06
1.73 1.62 0.99
1.64 1.54 1.02
1.69 1.69 0.91
1.98 1.97 0.85
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.04 0.04 0.04
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.04 0.04 0.04
0.04 0.04 0.04
0.04 0.04 0.04
0.08 0.08 0.08
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
1.09 1.09 1.21 5.51
3.37 3.41 3.47
21.12
1.80 1.83 1.36 13.73
0.94 0.95 1.04 7.59
0.72 0.72 0.77 9.49
2.48 2.51 2.65
it.fla
1.76 1.76 1.91
1.27 1.27 1.43
1A 11
CALORIFIC VALUE
OXY6EN BTU/LB KCAL/KG
n OT ______. Oi
J.J..V/
HT*l.72
12.20
*tO
10.00
11.92 10.73
9 7S ______,,J3
17.33 10.07
7.WB
Ha10.56
«; 47 J.T/
10.20 58 9.44 58 5.11 61 576
11.19 244 11.18 244 4.81 264
£« lit!
i*T.*tU
14.43 5.35
32 32 34
315
135 135 146
1,302
30
Appendix II (continued). Proxiaate and ultnate analyses and calorific values determinations for 60 coal saioles frois Punjab, Pakistan.
SAHPLE NUilBER
HN-7
NN-8
flN-9
NM-JV-1
NH-HAH-2
P-KB-6B
P-KC-12
PJ-FCP-i
PROXIMATE ANALYSI
VOLATILE MOISTURE ASH NATTER
3.77 7.85
3.81 5.03
2.43 5.92
7.48 6.92
10.48 9.46
9.05 10.05
11.15 12.09
8.10 7.78
81.92 32.75 89.30
89.50 88.37 93.05
93.60 90.25 95.93
44.82 45.27 48.63
18.43 18.64 20.59
21.56 21.32 23.70
14.96 14.80 16.84
16.46 16.52 17.91
9.26 9.36 10.15 99.49
6.68 6.59 6.94
99.85
3.92 3.78 4.02
98.77
26.11 26.38 28.34 55.16
32.89 33.27 36.75 46.27
32.23 31.87 35.44 46.44
34.58 34.21 38.92 46.80
38.00 38.13 41.355ft 7.7
s
FIXED CARBON
0.05 0.04 0.05 0.51
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.15
0.05 0.05 0.05 1.23
21.23 21.43 23.03 44.84
38.20 38.63 42.66C7 77 if\j . ( 0
37.16 36.76 40.86 53.56
39.31 38.90 44.24 53.20
37.44 37.57 40.7440 iT
ULTIMATE ANALYSIS
CARBON HYDRQBEN NITROBEN CHLORINE SULFUR
1.33 1.34 1.46
0.49 0.48 0.51
0.26 0.25 0.27
30.74 31.05 33.36
51.13 51.71 57.12
51.09 50.53 56.18
54.99 54.41 61.39
54.39 54.58 59.18
1.34 1.75 0.94
1.05 1.18 0.65
0.51 0.90 0.25
3.61 3.54 2.97
5.05 4.98 4.33
4.76 4.83 4.12
5.32 5.38 4.58
5.08 5.06 4.54
0.04 0.04 0.04
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.63 0.63 0.68
1.05 1.07 1.18
0.97 0.96 1.06
1.05 1.04 1.18
1.17 1.18 1.27
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.02
2.27 2.30 2.49
24.42
2.34 2.31 2.44
35.03
0.80 0.77 0.82
20.20
7.23 7.30 7.85 15.28
9.54 9.65
10.66 13.42
7.39 7.31 8.13 10.65
4.58 4.53 5.16 6.20
8.88 8.91 9.66
11 77
OXY6EN
12.59 11.81 5.26
6.59 7.63 3.32
4.78 7.78 2.68
12.95 12.19 6.49
14.78 13.93 6.10
14.20 15.02 6.78
19.08 19.82 10.33
14.00 13.73 7.42
CALORIFIC VALUE
BTU/LB KCAL/KB
5,703 5,760 6,189 12,048
9,608 9,717 10,733 13,515
9,443 9,339 10,383 13,608
10,010 9,904 11,266 13,547
10,418 10,454 11,33617 QflfJ
3,171 3,203 3,441 6,699
5,342 5,403 5,967 7,514
5,250 5,192 5,773 7,566
5,566 5,507 6,264 7,532
5,792 5,812 6,3037 A70
31
Appendix II (continued). Proxiaate and ultiaate analyses and calorific values determinations for 60 coal saaples froa Punjab, Pakistan.
PRQXIHATE ANALYSIS ULTIHATE ANALYSIS CALORIFIC VALUE
SAMPLE NUHBER
PJ-PCP-2A
PJ-PCP-2B
TSD-7-1
HQISTURi
7.708.95
6.775.75
7.539.11
I: ASH
34.1033.64T.A 91JO. IT
26.2126.49in 111.0 11
15.0714.8116.30_____
/QLATILE HATTER
27.2426.8779 <ii*./ tJi
46.81
33.6934.0536.1350.26
40.8440.1414 i iTT.10
11 7i
FIXED CARBON
30.9630.5433.55^T 10Ju. if
33.3333.7135.7649.74
36.5635.94TO CJI59.5417 01
CARBON i
44.0243.4347.70
49.0549.59CT L\9. .01
58.0957.10A? Q?O-.O-
iYDROSEN
4.114.203 C*5.52
4.634.564 11t. i j
5.485.58 i 02Jl V
NITRQ6EN
0.890.880.97
1.051.061.13
1.091.071 191.13
CHLORINE
0.040.040.04
0.020.020.02
0.040.040.04
: SULFUR
3.163.123 ji.42«i *TJ.tO
6.826.897.3110.17
4.904.825.30t TT
OXYSEN
13.6814.697.41
12.2211.396.67
15.3316.589 "U7. Jf
BTU/LB
3,0017,8938 LLQ,007
13,748
9,1229,221Q 7fll7,/QT
13,610
10,83010,64511,712IT 00«J
KCAL/KS
4,4494,3884 0Oft,0_V
7,644
5,0725,127<; 440 JjttV
7,567
6,0215,917k 5190,i}l£
7 7Qft
Appendix III. Foras-of-sulfur, free-swelling- and hardgrove-Srindaoiiuy-index, and asn-fusion-tefioeraiure deterainations for 50 coal and carbonaceous shale saiples froa Punjab, Pakistan.
[Ail analyses except free-swelling- and Hardgrove-Sirndabiiity-indices, and ash-fusion teaperatures in percent. For eacn saipie nuaber, the analyses are reported to four bases: first, equiiibriua aoisture basis; second, as-received basis; third, moisture-free basis; and fourth, aoisture- and ash-free basis. All analyses by coaaerciai testing laboratories following ASTH (1986) standards. Dashed line = not analyzed.]
SAMPLE NUMBER
35-3DT-001
85-SKA-003
85-SPR-002
85HI6104
85HI6105
85HI6109
gcurgi 1 iQunlQiii
FORKS OF SULFUR HARDSRQVE SIRNBftBILITY
FREE INDEX PYRITIC SULFftTE QR6ANIC SBELLIN6 (ft! I
INDEX HQISTURE)
1.67i.892.24
5.676.637.89
7.217.949.97
2.542.733.19
0.901.011.47
3.593.994.52
2.442.566.21
0.050.050.06
0.200.230.27
0.150.160.20
0.160.180.21
0.470.530.77
0.450.500.57
0.180.190.46
0.99 0.5 461.111.32
1.15 0.5 531.351.61
1.26 1.0 501.3?1.75
2.18 0.52.352.76
1.10 0.01.201.74
0.76 0.00.840.95
0.23 0.00.240.59
ASH FUSION TEHPERATURE, °F
INITIAL HEHISPHER- DEFQRHATIQN 3QFTENIN6 ICAL FLUID
2160 2200 2500 2270
2120 2160 2520 2190
2120 2160 2370 2190
2040 2100 2200
2800* 2800* 2800+
1960 . 2030 - 2070 -
2800+ 2800+ 2800+
33
Appendix III (continued). Foras-of-sulfur, frse-sweilinq- ana Hardgrovs-Srindabiiity-indsx, and ash-fusion- tsiperature detsriinations for 60 coal and carbonaceous shale sasspies froe Punjab, Pakistan.
SAMPLE NUMBER
85HIB116
86-TGH-i
Qi-TCM-voo Ion L
86-T6M-3
86-T6H-4
QL_TCM-700 IDn /
86-T6M-8
86-T6H-9
FORMS OF SULFUR HARD6RQVE BIRNDflBIHTY
FREE INDEX PYRITIC SULFATE ORGANIC SHELLIN6 (AT I
INDEX MOISTURE)
2.332.462.79
2.893.174.70
3.59 3.807.04
0.951.002.50
3.513.906.66
1.28 1.383.08
9.769.28
31.95
0.720.771.56
0.110.120.14
0.120.130.19
0.07 0.080.15
0.090.100.25
0.200.220.38
0.20 0.220.49
0.360.381.31
0.090.100.20
0.52 0.50.540.61
0.62 0.00.691.03
1.16 0.0 1.222.26
0.61 0.00.641.61
1.80 0.02.003.41
0.65 0.0 0.691.55
0.00 0.00.000.00
1.35 0.01.472.97
ASH FUSION TEMPERATURE, °F
INITIAL HEMISPHER- DEFGRMATIQN SQFTENIN6 ICAL FLUID
1980 2060 2190
2600 2700 - 2730
2610 2790 2800+
2800+ 2800+ 2800+
2720 2800+ 2800+
2600 2660 - 2720
2370 2430 2510'
2800+ 2800+ 2800+
34
Appendix III (continued). Foras-of-suifur, free-swelling- and Hardgrove-6rindability-index, and asn-fusion- teiperature determinations for 60 coal and carbonaceous shale saapies froa Punjab. Pakistan.
SAMPLE NUMBER
ARA-DD-6
ARA-HC-5
ARA-MN-19
ARA-TC-6
ARR-HH-RT-A
ARR-HH-RT-B
ARR-JV-7
CB-KC-3A
FORHS OF SULFUR
PYRITIC SULFATE QRBANIC
2.963.C83.356.27
1.261.261.342.30
0.050.050.050.07
4.154.214.576.28
9.479.81
10.6913.52
4.934.925.297.40
3.503.483.854.93
3.803.794.026.05
0.410.420.460.36
0.060.060.060.11
0.110.110.130.17
0.230.230.250.34
0.180.180.190.25
0.140.140.150.21
0.280.280.310.39
0.110.110.110.17
1.121.171.282.38
1.571.571.672.87
3.923.894.535.89
1.901.942.102.89
1.201.211.311.65
0.860.380.941.32
1.241.231.361.75
0.270.260.290.43
HARD8RQVE 6IRNDABILITY
FREE INDEX SHELLINB (AT X INDEX HOISTURE)
0.0 70(4.28)
0.0 47(2.18)
0.0 51(7.52)
0.0 46(3.80)
0.0 49(2.39)
0.0 47(2.09)
0.0 54- (2.40)
0.0 36(1.79)
ASH FUSION TEMPERATURE, °F
INITIAL HEHISPHER- DEFORHATIQN SOFTENIN6 ICAL FLUID
2410 2530 2700 2700
2650 2700 2700 2700
2450 2560 2580 2700
2100 2180 2220 2460
2000 2090 2100 2200
2000 2270 2350 2380
2500 2510 2520 2580-
2140 2410 2470 2500
35
Appendix III (continued). Foras-of-sulfur, free-swelling- and Hardgrove-6rindafaility-index, and ash-fusion- teaperature determinations for 60 coal and carbonaceous shale saaples froa Punjab, Pakistan.
SAHPLE NUMBER
C8-KC-3B
CD-DL-4
C6AS-HCC-3
DANDQT-CA-2
DANDQT-KC-6
DANDQT-PJ-H1
DANDGT-PJ-P6-1
DANDOT-SP-6
FORMS OF SULFUR
FREE PYRITIC SULFATE QR6ANIC SWELLING
INDEX
4.774.795.296.46
2.37i "** i.*ij\i2.633.35
9.429.5310.3217.47
1.441.471.582.14
2.982.963.294.34
0.950.951.071.26
4.034.094.466.06
4.564.615.076.33
0.140.140.150.19
0.050.050.050.07
0.180.180.190.33
0.070.070.070.10
0.080.070.080.11
0.070.070.070.09
0.120.130.140.19
0.210.210.230.29
0.570.57 0.00.640.77
0.440.43 0.00.480.61
1.311.33 0.01.442.44
1.751.77 0.01.92 .2.60
1.131.13 0.01.251.65
1.071.06 0.01.211.42
1.331.34 0.01.462.00
1.081.10 0.01.211.51
HARD6ROVE ASH FUSION TEMPERATURE, °F 6IRNDABILITY
INDEX INITIAL HEMISPHER- (AT 1 DEFORMATION SQFTENIN6 ICftL FLUID
MOISTURE)
47 1960 2040 2120 2380(2.92)
50 2120 2480 2530 2610(2.86)
61 2030 2270 2370 2410(2.09)
51 2700 2700 2700 2700(3.825
51 2340 2440 2460 2510(3.71)
71 2170 2420 2540 2630(5.56)
53 2100 2280 2350 2410 '(4.84)
53 2000 2230 2330 2480(4.33)
i£j r c
n y 1
CO
CO
0
C.-4
r-o
r-o
i
co
cr-
4»
0 0 0
O
i *
o 0 o
ro
ca
---i
~-4
00
00
-ft
cr-
cji
CJI
l~<
- C
-4
CD
--
J
0 M <£>
.
I-*
"
-*>
«
r-o
» »
O"
-w
r-o
0-
i
0 r-o
--j
cn>
o r-o
-~4
O r-o *»*4
0
? <;
cc_,
o
cn
tz>
tuj
ct;.j
?»;
i
cn
tn
in
cn
tn1
1 ^*
EE
! K
^J
C£^
a |^
^
f£
j
CD
=
K
1 1
1 1
1 ?
t~
KH
3 r-
*
1 *
h *
- 1
I 14
1 ;Z
C
D
O-
C_n
4
»
c-4
OD
1
1 1
1 1
13>
r.
n cr
- «.M
I -P
- C
'4
r-o
K)
cn
C-4
r-o
r-o
co-
c-4
i
i--*
cn i
-o
-vd
r-o
o
43*
cn
0
i-->
«-4
co
tn
~.d
-ta.
4»-
o-.
i-«
~j;»
-aC
l-
CO
-*
»
C-4
4»>
t-
4
->4
CO
-*l
CO
C
l-
-~4
-O
K)
CJ1
-U
. C
O
CO
-~
4
»
C
O
O
-^4
-4
O
O
t--4
K
>
-ta
<^>
ic>
«>
»i^t
<^>
o>
o>
<c^
Cv*
<r>
*o
<o
*cz>
<z>
o>
c^»
^1^
»d>
^^
ci>
cn*
co*
c
cz>
<^
c^>
c*-
<^>
O O
O
rO
O
"O
O
<S
> -c
pc.
<^>
O
O
O
O
0
O
<'.:>
O
C
L-'
C^
>~
» <
^>
i;j>
c^
<;^
<
;^
<;;>
<
-^j
CO
"~
4 O
- C
r-
-O
--O
-v
ll --
4
Cr-
C
O
tM
CD
-~
4 C
./I
cn
c/i
--4
CJI
C
JI
CJl
I-
-*
CO
--
-4
--4
C
r-
^»
^»
-4
*
o o
o-
-o
.
i c.
i--
i~-
ro
«»
co
o
i .
i_^
o
o.
o-
cr. o
o-
i
i~*
<^
o
> >
o-
<>
-;:^
M3
CO
*-
4
"~4
~~-4
C
.*|
r-
1 r-
O
I -
t-4
C
'4
t'4
-la.
<^
&
-4
3
--O
. C
r-
C.J
1 c/1
(.
- *
O
-~C
l --
O
"(J«
-O
-O
-4
D-p
. .(i
c. .e
. 4*
. r-
o r-
o c-
4 -r-
» cr
- C
D
-~4
cr-
o ^j
c-4
-*»
»--
r-o
cr-
cr-
cr-
CO
4*
-i»»
-P*
cn ro
K
>
<£>
t^
>
<|^»
ir~
i»
»^t
.^>
t^
;>
«
r»
N
«
H
o
<;.
o
<r^
<r-
o
0
. _ .
_ ,
. _ .
_ .
. _ .
^_^
ro
ro
i~>
ro
r-o
r
i
-Jp
"
431.
m
CO
CJI
*jn
P
*4^
1C.
J1
-O
ro
-~4
<:
»-»
I -
O4
I-*
t-4
C
O
-~4
1i
cn
co
--4
ro
i-o
i -
*~
.<
-. <
-~
~**
-. -
wu-
r-o
ro
ro
t
r-.j
r-i
roI
-.4
O
4
-Q
C-4
<
-^t
-cP»
1-4
0
C
.-4
CJl
--4
Cr-
-H
0
cC
>
0
0
<I>
O
*
0
,
r-o
r-J
r-o
r-o
r-o
r-.i
r-j
* "
--
4
Cl-
*
4*
C'4
cn
"~4
0
-~4
0
cn
C
Vi
-O 0
cc
^ *«
* *c
^ "O
<
o "O
»
r-o
r--»
r-o
r-o
r-o
r-o
r-o
K- *
*-
*4
--^J
r-
-)
C</1
4to
o->
-JO
co
-n
> --
4 0
cr
- cn
0
C0
«O
0
O
»
O
0
r-o
r-o
r-o
r-o
ro
r-.j
r-j
C--
4 --
-4
- 4
ro
-4
Cr-
K
J1
---4
CO
»
O
«O>
ct.
/l
C"^
1 d
!>
^'7>
0
0
O-
0
0
ro
<>
c:
ZSK,
CO
[TJ
~o M -H n cn cr
i -n m cC-l
^o
cn is;
r^-4
CT
I
trj
S£
rri
13
1
m
r~""
" ss cn
CD
.
tn
-H i
iTT
t 5-
-5--
O rn
m so 3>
-H 5=
cri tn *^i
-H m SK
5Z cn
<
n r~ ~n
i r-*«
tn rk T'~ ro ro rri
rn , _ ,
4*31
t3 rn i i
S; -i
r~ _ rri
> *
tn T°
rh T3O 1
cn tn ^n tn r~
-n cr
CD ~n
x>S
E
^0
C?
t^2
a>
cna
n
SD>
r
C3
r~
-c»-
- m cn re 3
!tn C
D i
rn ^ rn X- i
cr
m o-T
l
CM
fj
r-t-
-at:
m
m
ci-O
ID
- a.
CM
~a
cr
Aopendix III {continued). Foras-of-suifur, free-swelling- ana Hardgrcve-Srinaafaility-index, ano ash-fusion- teioerature determinations for 60 coal and carbonaceous shale saaplss froa Punjab, Pakistan.
3AHPLE NUHBER
KB-CYS-i
N-SAL-1
HH-1
HM-10
RH-11
MH-2
HM-3
HN-4
FQ
PYRITIC
9.819.5111.4416.40
7.447.498.069.81
0.890.890.994.52
3.123.153.2119.52
1.721.741.77
13.07
0.870.880.977.06
0.670.680.728.86
2.342.362.49
23.44
RP1S QF SULF
311LFATE
0.160.160.190.27
0.070.070.070.09
0.050.050.050.24
0.160.160.160.98
0.080.080.080.59
0.040.040.040.30
0.040.040.040.51
0.070.070.070.67
UR
ORGANIC
1.771.702.052.95
0.930.941.021.23
0.150.150.170.75
0.090.100.100.62
0.000.010.010.07
0.030.030.030.23
0.010.000.010.12
0.070.080.090.77
HftRBBROVE 6IRNDABILITY
FREE INDEX SWELLING (AT I INDEX MOISTURE)
0.0 65(4.25)
0.0 45(1.38)
0.0 111(3.81)
0.0 59(0.87)
0.0 63(0.69)
0.0 69(3.82)
0.0 64(2.71)
0.0 75(2.08)
ASH FUSION TEHPERATURE, °F
INITIAL HEHISPHER- DEFQRHATION SOFTENING ICAL FLUID
2010 2050 2060 2360
2050 2060 2070 2150
2060 2100 2110 2170
2590 2700 2700 2700
2630 2700 2700 2700
2140 2210 2300 2560
2330 2360 2500 2570"
2310 2370 2550 2610
38
Appendix III (continued), Foras-of-sulfur, free-swelling- and Hardqrove-6rindability-index, and ash-fusion- teaperature determinations for 60 coal and carbonaceous shale saiples froi Punjab, Pakistan.
SAHPLE NUMBER
HM-5
HH-6
HN-7
MN-8
NN-9
NW-JV-i
NW-HAH-2
P-KB-6B
FORMS QF SULFUR HARD6RQVE GIRNDftBILITY
FREE INDEX PYRITIC SULFATE ORGANIC SWELLING (AT 7,
INDEX MOISTURE)
1.65i.651.79
15.85
1.231.231.3B
15.51
1.781.801.95
19.15
2.142.112.22
31.98
0.710.690.7317.98
5.995.956.3912.45
8.318.419.2811.96
6.206.136.828.94
0.050.050.050.46
0.030.030.030.36
0.030.030.030.30
0.180.180.192.76
0.080.080.081.97
0.260.260.280.55
0.260.260.290.36
0.120.120.130.17
0.060.06 O.C 1100.07 (2.57)0.63
0.010.01 0.0 910.02 (5.61)0.24
0.460.47 0.0 780.51 (3.28)4.97
0.020.02 0.0 890.03 (1.03)0.29
0.010.00 0.00.010.25
1.081.09 0.0 511.18 (1.61)2.28
0.970.98 0.0 501.09 (2.41)1.37
1.071.06 0.0 531.18 (2.33)1.54
ASH FUSION TEMPERATURE, °F
INITIAL HEMISPHER- DEFQRMATION SOFTENING ICAL FLUID
2180 2310 2450 2660
2080 2260 2350 2530
2160 2220 2340 2560
2630 2700 2700 2700
2700 2700 2700 2700
2390 2460 2510 2640
2020 2050 2060 2120 *
1980 1990 2000 2380
39
Appendix III (continued). Foras-of-suifur, free-swelling- and Hardqrove-Grindability-inoex, and ash-fusiDn- teiperature deteriinations for 60 coal and carbonaceous shale samples froa Punjab, Pakistan.
SAMPLE NUMBER
P-KC-12
PJ-PCP-i
PJ-PCP-2A
PJ-PCP-2B
TSD-7-i
FORMS OF SULFUR
PYRITIC SULFATE ORGANIC
4.134.094.655.60
7.988.008.6810.57
2.782.743.014.77
5.905.966.338.80
4.264.194.615.51
0.100.10O.li0.14
0.160.160.170.21
0.040.040.040.06
0.150.150.160.23
0.050.050.050.06
0.350.340.400.46
0.740.750.310.99
0.340.340.370.60
0.770.780.821.14
0.590.580.640.76
HARDBRQVE GIRNDABILm
FREE INDEX SWELLING (AT I INDEX MOISTURE)
0.0 49(2.44)
0.0 44(1.95)
0.0 58(1.88)
0.0 44(1.39)
0.0
ASH FUSION TEMPERATURE, °F
INITIAL HEHISPHER- DEFQRMATION SOFTENING ICAL FLUID
1950 2200 2340 2550
2040 2060 2070 2120
2640 2690 2700 2700
1930 2030 2150 2350
1960 1990 2050 2280
40
Table IV. ftajor-, unor-, and trace-eieaent coaposition of selected coal ano carbonaceous snaie saaoies fras. Punjab, Pakistan, reported on a whole-coal basis,
[Values in percent or parts-per-aillion. 22 eieaents are froa deteriinations on whole-coal: ail other elesents calculateo froa analyses of ash. L aeans less than the value shown; H, interference for an eleaent which cannot be resolved by any routine aethod; S, greater than; S, after eieient title indicates deterainations by autoiatic plate reading coiputer assisted, esission spectrographic analyses. For elements by eaission spectrographic analysis, the standard deviation of any answer should be taken as plus 502 and rainus 35%. Saiple nuiber is field nuaber. Analytical procedures after Bolightly and Sisson, 1989.]
SAMPLE NUMBER
85-SDT-001 85-SKA-003 85-SPR-002 85MI6104 85MI6105 85M1S109 85MIS111 85MIS116 86-T6M-1 86-TSM-2 86-TSM-3 86-TSM-4 86-T6H-7 86-TSM-886-TSM-9
SAMPLE NUMBER
85-5DT-001 85-SKA-00385-SPR-00285MIG10485HIS10585MIS10985MIS11185HIB11686-TSM-l86-T6M-286-TSM-386-TSM-486-T8M-786-TBH-886-TGH-9
Si(7.)
3.0 1.4 2.3 2.4 7.4 1.2
14 1.3 7.5
11 16 15 19 1721
Ag-S PPM
0.097 .12.17.044.45.053.16.034.082.095.11.072
1.3.18.23L
Al (7.)
1.6 .83
1.0 2.0 4.5 1.1 9.5 1.3 4.8 6.5 9.3 2.1 3.8 8.01.4
AsPPM
5.2 7.9
274.04.413132.06.7
108.4
135.4
301.4
Ca(I)
0.28 .21 .13 .18 .14 .16 .24 .23 .16 .21 .18 .15 .17 .31.19
B-S
PPM
110 10013089
19068
14071
160110130no17077
110
ng (1}
0.12 .07: .05! .05, .16.03;.27 ,03' .08! .11 .12 .04' .06' .14.03'
Ba-5 PPM
20 5.7
3417422.7
1001535648313L656616L
Na (I)
o.o:3 .0. B .0' 6 .0'
.Oi3 ,o;
.1;? ,0- 5 .0;
.0;
.0; » .0' I .0!
.0<? .0'
Be-S PPM
4.8 3.55.61.65.75.13.35.65.32.31.91.57.52.91.5
i (1
29 0. 10 12 16 69 73 3 10 58 11n10 54 b319
BrPPM
1.2 1.21.03.57.37.02.82.59.34.23.47.06.13.8
13
; F ;) (i
079 2. 044 5. 10 6. 13 2. 37 1. 015 3. 48 3. 053 2. 20 3. 36 3. 35 1. 10 3. 19 1. 30 9.034
Cd PPM
0.11 .070.13.057.21.23.12.18.063.091.12L.080L.11.14L.098L
reM
,1
5,8 6 j 81 ^1 6 4 2 6 172
Ce PPM
28 14182.5
131.3
453.8
1331455.2
30535.1
Ti (X)
0.44 .13 .16 .16 .43 .050
1.3 .15 .56
1.1 1.6 .46
2.3 1.0.32
Cl PPM
100L 100L100L100L100L120100L100L100L100L100L100L100L100L100L
Co PPM
7.6 5.23.30.443.31.6
16.10
2.24.03.53.61.39.2.58
Cr PPM
39 14203.7
172.2
724.0
2355789.9
60919.7
C5
PPM
0.24 .301.47.08.50.03L
1.0.03.20,77
1.1.13,34.69.10L
41
Table IV, (continued) Major-, uncr-, ana tracs-glssent composition of coal and carbonaceous shais saaples frois Punjab, Pakistan, reported on a whole-coal basis.
SAMPLENUMBER
35-SDT-Q0185-SKA-00385-SPR-00285MIB10485MIB10585MIB10935MI611185HI611686-TSH-i86-TBH-286-TBH-386-TBH-486-TBH-786-T6H-886-TBM-9
SAMPLE NUMBER
85-SDT-001 85-SKA-003 85-SPR-00285MIB10485HI610585HI610985HI611185MIB11686-T6H-186-T6H-286-T6H-386-TBH-486-TBH-786-TBH-886-T6H-9
CuPPM
189.86.08.3
1015242113191511223026
Mn PPM
32 22 3326361542142036442770
10069
EuPPM
0.82.40.53.05.26.06.67.12.24.50.67.14.58.74.15
Mo-S PPH
10 H H
115.79.44.92.45.36.44.2
214.8
206.9
FPPM
5040403020L20L20L20L20L20L10020L20L4020L
Nb-S PPH
6.9 4.5 7.1
5.48.43.1
303.416344125913529
Sa-
PPM
17 L-J
1
157
35102126301
15215
5
HH.3
.8
.8
.4
Hd-S PPH
20 111810179.2
5019223919L1317L22L18
6e-S
PPM
17
15246.3
22256.47.0
203.42.7L2.74.83.2L2.3L
Ni-S PPH
4117 18112334695.7
2231322112543.8
HfPPM
3.0 0,73
1.10.14 01.2.06
6.3.17
1.65.17.93.6
137.66.5
P PPH
8.7L 4.4L8.7L
310L140L380L92
380L140L96L74
110L83L
10087L
HgPPM
.005L
.005L
.005L
.005L
.005L,030.10.030.070.010.020,060.010.030.010
Pb PPH
15 15 165.68.4
17283.5
1618149.68.6
2826
LaPPM
116.48.61.57.7.4'
301.97.6
20292.2
19332.1
1
Pr-S PPH
15L 18L 14L1.22.0L1.53.9L2.62.1L3.16.52.7L
104.8L3.3L
LiPPM
246.09.6
307532
2201997
11014022517725
Rb PPH
60L 60L SOL5.7L
12L4.5L
29L3.5L13L12183.8L
16L159.31
LuPPM
0.35.23.26.02.12,02.38.04,12.22.35.10,48.43.15
Sb PPH
0.42 .25 .28.29.26.33.76.14.29.51
' ,491.1.45
5.6.15
42
Table IV. (continued) Major-, amor-, and trace-eleaent coaposition of coal and carbonaceous shale s aides froi Punjab, Pakistan, reported on a whole-coal basis.
SAHPLENUMBER
85-SDT-00185-SKft-00385-SPR-00285HI610435HIB10585HIB10985HI611185HIS11686-TBH-l86-T6H-286-TBH-386-TSH-486-TSH-786-T6H-886-T6H-9
SAHPLE NUMBER
85-SDT-00185-SKA-00385-SPR-00285HI810485HI610585HI610985HI811185HI8U686-TSH-l86-T6H-286-TBH-386-TBH-485-T6H-785-TBH-885-TBH-9
5cPPH
6.93.34.8.65
2.9.69
101.03.17.1
111.37.28.31.2
H PPH
1.7.49.60.86
2.0.81
3.6.49
1.72.73.61.33.72.61.1
5ePPH
181514157.2
13288.3
142513237.8
167.4
v-sPPH
1411158.71616212318222516462021
5aPPH
3.71.72.5.22
1.3.25
3.6.53
1.32.73.6.69
2.93.9.71
Yb PPH
1.8i.i1.6.08.73.14
2.3.25.71
1.52.4.85
3.02.5.93
In PPH
11038543024
2302811021302192372010
Sn-5PPH
7.6HH
3.73.04.7
133.56.39.59.52.65.3
132.3
Zr-S PPH
953531418434
22033
120240390390910310
3,110
Sr-SPPH
3501301809013080
1902501201701709217020083
TaPPH
1.2.31.45.40
1.2.17
3.3.45
1,52.63.71.34.62.81.1
TbPPH
0.57.31.40.029.22.045.48.090.19.34.49.13.48.43.14
ThPPH
6.42.43.53.57.53.4
215.6
1319194.4
16204.5
UPPH
2.7.76
2.01.54.7.88
5.12.93.64.85.1
146.08.82.2
V-5PPH
5718312445351405091
10014052978407 *.;
*
43
Table IV. (continued) Major-, amor-, and trace-eieaent opposition of coal ana carbonaceous 5haie saapies iroi Punjab, Pakistan, reported on a *hoie-coai basis.
SAMPLE NUMBER
ARR-HM-RT-AARR-HH-RT-BARR-JV-7CB-KC-3ACB-KC-3BCD-DL-4
CSAS-HCC-3DSD-13-2DSD-14-3
DSD-15-4 3SD-16-5
JT-MDM-5BKK-SH-8AKK-6H-BBKH-CYS-iM-5AL-1NH-JV-iNH-MAH-2P-KB-6BP-KC-12PJ-PCP-1
PJ-PCP-2APJ-PCP-2BTSD-7-i
As PPM
6.6i i'j2.86.2
191138129.49.6
132.92.76.18.3
3041672019335
3525
Ce PPM
356628
100313163483525 34392114036197240111417324321
Co PPM
2.74.32.85.13.2
102012157.4 9.31.75
129.3
12269.32.53.42.94.4
1110
Cr PPM
17642757294069695363 37572011023299632232324484826
Cs PPM
.1CL
.31
.1011.3.32.49
1.51.2.76.68 .58.38.23
1.6.54.35
1.8.29.11.4.37.35.86.21
Eu PPM
.761.4.61
2.1.86
11.21.83.63 .82
1.48
2.61.1.79
1.4i.i.32.49.65.56
1.2.92
Hf PPM
.83.93.24.61.43.145.52.74 3.28.11.23.51.415.31.43.91.2.69
7.94.21.4
La PPM
16331653161933292118 18221
69198.1
391968.37.9
21229.5
LuPHH
.18
.39T li
.62
.25
.37,34.46.3.27 .31.48.07L.6.28.44.43.28.23.22.24.34.52.37
RbPPM
30L40L31L60L41L60L40L40L40LSOL 40L30L80L40L30LSOL40L40L40L40L40L40L40L40L
Sb PPM
.26TIijiT
.42
.41
.5
.44
.35
.2977 tjj
.2
.55
.15
.33
.41
.48
.93
.66
.25
.35
.32
.25
.32
.28
5c PPM
4.2174.3
157.28.4
12139.89.3 88.23.5
213.56.3
185.32.63.94.95.2
106.5
Se PPM
9.4118.56.37.1
1311111115 9
25116.9
126.2
115.5
11109.64.98.77.7
Si PPM
4.17.33.4
114.44.86.35.24.13.2 4.25.42.5
143.63.37.15.11.42.22.83.55.54.2
Tb PPM
.45
.91
.431.4.65.81.77.81.66.52 .58.8i-j
1.5.54.68.93.75.31.38.55.59.93.72
Th PPM
2.1114.2
124.96.3
11127.79.3 7.3
173.2
133.63
143.43.23.52.78.28.54
'?b
PPM
1 7i i-jT j
1.74.42.32.62.52.72.32.2 2.23.4.79
4.91.82.73.42.51.61.62.32.93.72.5