U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ... · chemical and physical characteristics of coal and carbonaceous shale samples from the salt range coal field, punjab province, pakistan

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COALAND CARBONACEOUS SHALE SAMPLES FROM THE SALT

RANGE COAL FIELD, PUNJAB PROVINCE, PAKISTAN

by

P. D. Warwick1

and

T. Shakoor2, S. Javed2, S. T. A. Mashhadi2, H. Hussain2, M. Anwar2, and M. I. Ghaznavi2

OPEN-FILE REPORT 90-524

Report prepared jointly by the Geological Survey of Pakistan andthe U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the

U.S. Agency for International Development

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature

^.S. Geological Survey 2Geological Survey of Pakistan Reston, Virginia Lahore

1990

CONTENTS

Page

ABSTRACT.............................................. 1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...................................... 2

INTRODUCTION.......................................... 3

METHODS............................................... 6

RESULTS............................................... 7

DISCUSSION............................................ 16

CONCLUSIONS........................................... 17

REFERENCES............................................ 18

APPENDIX I - COAL SAMPLE BACKGROUND DATA.............. 23

APPENDIX II - RESULTS OF PROXIMATE, ULTIMATE, ANDCALORIFIC VALUE DETERMINATIONS........... 25

APPENDIX III - FQRMS-QF-SULFUR, FREE- SWELL ING-INDEX, HARDGROVE-GRINDABILITY- INDEX, AND ASH-FUSION-TEMPERATURE DETERMINATIONS.......................... 33

APPENDIX IV - MAJOR-, MINOR-, AND TRACE-ELEMENTCOMPOSITION............................. 41

ILLUSTRATIONS

Rape

FIGURE 1. GENERALIZED GEOLOGY OF THE SALT RANGE - POTWAR PLATEAU AREA.....................

2. INDEX MAP SHOWING STUDY AREA AND SAMPLE LOCATIONS...............................

3. PLOTS OF SOME POSITIVE CORRELATIONS FOUNDAMONG ANALYTICAL DATA....................... 13

4. VARIATION OF THICKNESS, ASH YIELD, BTU,AND TOTAL SULFUR WITH LOCATION. ............. 14

TABLES

TABLE 1. AVERAGED SELECTED ANALYTICAL RESULTS OFTESTS ON COAL SAMPLES LISTED BY LOCATION..... 8

TABLE 2. AVERAGED SELECTED ANALYTICAL RESULTS OFTESTS ON CARBONACEOUS SHALE SAMPLES LISTEDBY PERCENT ASH YIELD......................... 1O

11

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COAL AND

CARBONACEOUS SHALE SAMPLES FROM THE SALT RANGE COAL FIELD,

PUNJAB PROVINCE, PAKISTAN

by

P. D. Warwick, U.S. Geological Survey; T. Shakoor, S. Javed, S.

T. A. Mashhadi, H. Hussain, M. Anwar, and M. I. Ghaznavi,

Geological Survey of Pakistan

ABSTRACT

Sixty coal and carbonaceous shale samples collected from the

Paleocene Patala Formation in the Salt Range coal field, Punjab

Province, Pakistan, were analyzed to examine the relationships

between coal bed chemical and physical characteristics and

depositional environments. Results of proximate and ultimate

analyses, reported on an as received basis, indicate that coal

beds have an average ash yield of 24.23 percent, average sulfur

content of 5.32 percent, average pyritic sulfur content of 4.07

percent, and average calorific value of 8943 Btu (4972 kcal/kg).

Thirty five coal samples, analyzed on a whole coal, dry basis for

selected trace elements and oxides, have anomalously high average

concentrations of Ti, at O.3& percent; Zr, at 382 ppm; and Se, at

11.4 ppm, compared to world wide averages for these elements in

coal.

Some positive correlation coefficients, significant at a

O.O1 level, are those between total sulfur and As, pyritic sulfur

and As, total sulfur and sample location, organic sulfur and Se,

1

calori-fic value (Btu) and sample location, and coal bed thickness

and Se. Calorific values -for the samples, calculated on a moist,

mineral matter free basis, indicate that the apparent rank of the

coal is high volatile C bituminous.

Variations observed in the chemical and physical

characteristics of the coal beds may be related to depositional

environments. Total ash yields and concentrations of Se and

organic sulfur increase toward more landward depositional

environments and may be related to an increase of fluvial

influence on peat deposition. Variations in pyritic sulfur

concentrations may be related to post-peat pyrite filled burrows

commonly observed in the upper part of the coal bed. The

thickest coal beds that have the lowest ash content, and highest

calorific values, formed from peats deposited in back barrier,

tidal flat environments of the central and western parts of the

coal field. The reasons for correlations between Se and coal bed

thickness and Se and ash content are not clear and may be a

product of averaging.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work would not have been possible without the generous

cooperation of the many mining companies in the Salt Range area,

who allowed us to collect the samples analyzed for this report.

INTRODUCTION

This work is part o-f a Coal Resources Exploration and

Assessment Program (CGALREAP) that is being conducted by the

Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) with assistance from the U.S.

Geological Survey (USGS) under financing from the Government of

Pakistan and the U.S. Agency for International Development

<USAID). The 6O samples for this study were collected between

1985 and 1988 by geologists of GSP and USGS from the Paleocene

Patala Formation in the Salt Range area of Punjab Province,

Pakistan (figs. 1 and 2).

The Salt Range is an east northeasterly trending mountain

range in the northern part of Pakistan <figs. 1 and 2). The

southern margin of the Salt Range is an escarpment which rises

abruptly from the Punjab Plains, which are covered by alluvium.

Coal mining, exploratory drilling, and related activities in the

Salt Range have been concentrated in beds that crop out along the

escarpment and limestone capped plateaus of the Eastern and

Central Salt Range. No Tertiary coal beds are present in the

Western Salt Range.

Previous reports that contain drilling records, measured

sections, coal analytical data, descriptions of depositional

environments, or estimates of coal resources for the Salt Range

coal field include Ahmad and others, 1986; Alam and others, 1987;

Gee, 1938, 1945, 1949; Ghaznavi, 1988; Khan, 1949; LaTouche,

1894; Landis and others, 1971; Powel1 Duffryn Technical Services,

1949; Shah, 198O* Wardlaw and others, 199O; Warwick and Hussain,

\POTWAR _+

N

ir"

ALLUVIUM. SIWALIK. and

RAWALPINDI MOLASSE

CAMBRIAN to CRETACEOUS

PALEOCENE an

d EOCENE

50 km

EOCAMBRIAN SALT RANGE FM.

Figure 1. Generalized geology of th

e Salt Range Po

tira

r Plateau area.

(After Baker and ot

hers

, 1988.)

72»

00*

00'

E73

« 00*

00' LANDWARD

AREA 3

Tidal

Chan

nal

and

Beac

hAR

EA 2

* Lagoonal

/

Facies

AREA

1 N

Oute

r : ;

: Barrier

J "Facies

1

73"

30'

00'

E33*

00*

00*

N

- 32"

20*

00'

32*

20*

00* N

Channel

sample location

+ Core sample location

Town

Salt

Range

Thrust

;; ; ;

. Sa

ndst

one

'//: associated wi

th

the

coal beds

Figure 2. Map

show

ing

sample locations, geography, an

d ge

nera

lize

d sa

ndst

one

distribution

in the

Peta

la Fo

rmat

ion

(san

dsto

ne data fr

om W

arwick an

d Sh

akoo

r.

1988b).

199O; Warwick and Shakoor, 1988a,b; Warwick and Javed, 199Q;

Warwick and others, 199O; Wells, 1984; and Wynne, 1878.

The coal bearing Patala Formation (ranges from 5 9O m thick)

is composed of dark gray, fossil iferous shale interbedded with

white quartzose sandstone, siltstone, marl, and limestone. Coal

and carbonaceous shale deposits generally occur as a single bed

«1 m thick) that is commonly split by dark gray shale or thin

«0.25 m thick) bands of quart zose sandstone. These laterally

discontinuous coal and carbonaceous shale beds overlie and are

laterally associated with northeasterly trending, elongate,

quartzose sandstone bodies (ranges from 1 2O m thick, fig. 2) and

are interpreted to have been deposited in back barrier and near

marine environments (Alam and others, 1987; Warwick and Shakoor,

1988a,b).

METHODS

Seventeen of the samples described in this report were

collected as core during a drilling program conducted by the

Geological Survey of Pakistan in the Eastern Salt Range. Eleven

of these samples were shale and carbonaceous shale (sediments

that comprise the majority of the coal-bearing Patala Formation)

that were collected from drill hole DSM-17 (fig. 2; Appendix- I).

Forty three samples were collected as whole bed or bench channel

samples from active working faces of 35 underground coal mines in

all parts of the Salt Range coal field (Appendix I). Coal and

carbonaceous shale channel samples were collected following ASTM

(1986) procedures. Roof and floor rock, and partings greater

than 1 cm thick were not included in the coal and carbonaceous

shale channel and core samples.

The proximate and ultimate analytical data reported here was

done in the laboratories of Geochemical Testing Incorporated in

Somerset, Pennsylvania, and Dickinson Laboratories Incorporated

of El Paso, Texas using ASTM <1986) methods. Randomly selected

coal and carbonaceous shale samples were analyzed for major ,

minor , and trace element contents by USGS laboratories in

Reston, Virginia using methods described in Golightly and Simon

(1989).

Correlation coefficients were calculated among trace

element, proximate, ultimate, location, and coal bed thickness

data. Few samples have a complete set of analytical data;

therefore, the number of samples used in each correlation will

vary. Sample locations (Areas 1, 2, and 3 on fig. 2) were

assigned to the western, central, and eastern parts of the Salt

Range coal field.

RESULTS

Figures 1 and 2 show the location of the Salt Range coal

field and the sample locations. Appendix I lists sample location

coordinates and background information. Appendix II and III

lists data obtained from proximate, ultimate, forms of sulfur,

free swel1 ing index, Hardgrove Grindabi1ity index, and ash-

fusion temperature analyses. Appendix IV lists major , minor

Taoie i. Hveraqeo seisctea analytical results of tests or, cnai saapies ay saspie ideation snown cr,figure 2 (N = niiiafiar cf saapies; ave. = average; s.d. = standard deviation; all values asrsceiveo or whole :oai oasis except tniCKness).

AREA i(west)

Goal bed Thickness (a;Jloisture (1}Ash Yieid tf)Volatile flatter (X)Fixed Carbon (X)Carbon (I)Hydrogen (1}Nitrogen. (X)Total Sulfur (I)Pyntic Sulfur (X)Organic Sulfur (X)Sulfate Sulfur (X)Oxygen (X)Calorific Value (Btu/lb)

ftl (X)Ca (X)Fe IX)K (I)Hg (X)Na (X)Si (X)Ti (X)

fig (PPH)As iPPH)B (PPH)Ba (PPM)Be (PPM)8r (PPH)Cd (PPH)Ce (PPH)Cl (PPH)Co (PPH)Cr (PPH)Cs (PPH)Cu (PPM)Eu (PPH)F (PPH)Sa (PPH)Se (PPH)Hf (PPH)Hg (PPH)La (PPH)

N

1819191919191919191919191919

3 j3T J

3333

3193333$

193

1919193

19313

193

19

ave.

0.429.11

21.834.6234.4750.374.960.986.425.410.860.1415.449355

1.040.194.830.060.060.031.830.15

0.1113.2100.3318.234.91.570.13

38.99100.06.58

37.260.5412.270.90

33.3310.015.332.530.14

20.06

s.d.

0.222.938.724.74,957.450.540.162.882.590.860.073.041385

0.240.052.370.030.020.020.450.01

0.0717.1429.514.421.210.810.05

34.1105.86

27.670.517.300.6211.5508.52.040.0117.38

N

1317171717i. i

171717171717171717

66666666

61266666

126

1212126

12666

126

12

AREA 2(central)

ave.

0.69.1522.6133.7534.4850.074.920.864.092.911.040.1317.449151

2.570.182.30.140.080.057.080.33

0.099.56

121.1722.124.06.880.13

21.41103.336.61

31.880.4215.050.56

26.6711.5814.772.70.0212.07

s.d.

0.31.438.794.464.296.350.580.131.351.430.440.132.591225

1.640.051.110.130.050.027.310.19

0.076.1945.5114.191.924.170.0714.678.164.87

22.230.356.380.3812.115.899.111.980.028.93

N

63a38888888888

22222222

242222242444242-7

2424

AREA 3 Ail AREAS(east)ave.

0.438.2333.4229.2629.0941.154.390.635.353.421.760.1715.057521

4.30.183.40.230.070.0613.00.78

0.0815.97

110.038.51.95.60.08

34.55100.0

7.3247.720.6915.00.71

20.013.93.055.20.0319.3

s,d.

0.152.S9.683.685.257.510.590.142.552.820.910.123.751407

3.110.040.280.180.050.032.830.45

0.0215.280

36.060.561.980.01

23.8308.51

25.960.65.660.48017.110.492.030.0312.75

N

3744444444444444444444444444

1111111111111111

1135111111111135113535351135119

11351135

(1+2+3)ave.

0.498.9724.2333.3133.548.584.840.875.324.081.10.1416.143943

2.470.183.190.130.070.056.730.36

0.0914.31113.4524.043.865.20.12

32.45101.816.6836.610.5214.280.76

27.2711.9212.792.890.0217.23

s.d.

0.232.49.764.775.17.740.590.192.522.500.610.13.121467

1.90.041.740.120.040.026.530.3

0.0614.3136.0518.071.813.860.06

28.346.035.68

25.440.466.120.5411.047.738.92.130.0214.64

Tadie 1. Averaged selected analytical results of tests on coal saaples oy saapie location snown en figure 2 (continued),

AREA 1 AREA 2(west) (central)

N ave. s.d. N ave. s.d.

Li (PPH) Lu (PPH) Hn (PPH) flo (PPH) Nb (PPH) Nd (PPH) Ni (PPH) P (PPH) Pb (PPH) Pr (PPH) Rb (PPH) Sb (PPH) Sc (PPH) Se (PPH) Sa (PPH) Sn (PPH) Sr (PPH) Ta (PPH) Tb (PPH) Th (PPH) U (PPH) V (PPH) H (PPH) Y (PPH) Yb (PPH) Zn (PPH) Zr (PPH)

T J

1931333 j33

191919191913\j

19193o33

1933

11.530.31

23.02.45.0

16.013.57

131.0311.511.5341.820.357.429.284.523.5

186.670.40.645.891.89

33.00.53

16.332.31

67.3333.0

6.710.169.5401.94.366.83

215.626.957.9915.180.185.872.783.35060.280.080.373.931.07

16.090.066.111.21

37.812.0

47.170.2433.08.0511.4716.0322.47

6 177.62 140.046 14.67 7.17

4.1831.210.315.87

11.772.764.6

31.020.1519.222.49.645.2713.83

5.3521.030.094.083.481.872.03

6 142.17 103.856

12126666

126

0.930.447.122.6

46.51.36

15.621.57

70.83

0.520.303.131.4

24.940.54.130.99

85.926 579.0 1235.46

AREA 3

N

24?222222244444222442222422

(east)ave.

66.00.28

31.513.729.526.026.0

103.013.82.9

22.70.657.15

21.03.776.05

131.01.950.51

12.859.4

76.02.0

19.02.06

61.0

s.d.

62.220.166.36

10.326.36

18.387.079.95.940.2814.830.34.436.732.564.8855.150.920.336.586.533.940.994.241.12

43.84315.0 106.07

N

1135119

11111111111135353535359

1111353511111111351111

All AREAS(1+2+3ave.

40.870.28

30.008.6812.9817.8320.68

151.3413.645.95

35.990.376.8511.483.834.3

152.270.710.557.113.64

48.181.25

16.432.02

68.09

is.d.

35.850.1515.095.3311.248.2311.52

141.846.46.3418.230.25.095.042.892.4883.240.710.344.463.69

26.530.714.421.15

64.68382.0 908.31

Table 2. Averaged selected analytical results of tests on carbonaceous shale samples listed by percent ash content as received basis (N = number of samples; ave. = average; s.d. = standard deviation; all values as received or whole coal basis except thickness). Tests for minor and trace elements for samples containing greater than 75 % ash, as received basis, were not run,

50 - 75 7. ASH > 75 7. ASH N ave. s.d. N ave. s.d.

Coal bed Thickness (m) 1 O.46 O 11 1.34 0.37Moisture (7.) 5 6.57 2.O9 11 6.O1 2.77Ash Yield (7.) 5 6O.29 8.05 11 83.56 3.79Volatile Matter (7.) 5 2O.O4 2.81 11 9. SO 3.36Fixed Carbon (7.) 5 13.OS 7.98 11 O.61 1.71Carbon (X) 5 19.O2 1O.OO 11 2.O6 2.51Hydrogen (7.) 5 2.66 0.68 11 1.55 0.32Nitrogen (7.) 5 O.28 0.17 11 O.O5 O.O5Total Sulfur (7.) 5 3.37 3.28 11 2.O2 1.14Pyritic Sulfur (7.) 5 2.86 3.35 11 1.84 1.O3Organic Sulfur (7.) 5 O.33 O.29 11 O.I O. 16Sulfate Sulfur (7.) 5 O. 18 O. 12 11 O.O8 O.O5Oxygen (7.) 5 14.38 4.83 11 1O.73 3.O1Calorific Value (Btu/lb) 5 3323 2O85 11 178 516

Al (7.) 4 7.65 2.65Ca (7.) 4 0.22 O.06Fe (7.) 4 3.8 3.61K (2) 4 0.33 0.12Mg (7.) 4 O.15 O.09Na (7.) 5 0.08 O.O3Si (7.) 4 16.5 2. OSTi (7.) 4 1.55 O.29

Ag (PPM) 4 O.44 O.57As (PPM) 5 14.2 10.99B (PPM) 4 129.25 35.76Ba (PPM) 4 78.5 16.54Be (PPM) 4 3.9 2.47Br (PPM) 4 4.O2 1.44Cd (PPM) 4 O.12 O.01Ce (PPM) 4 43.25 9.6Cl (PPM) 4 1OO.O OCo (PPM) 4 7.5 6.57Cr (PPM) 4 75.25 12.89Cs (PPM) 4 0.78 0.34Cu (PPM) 4 22.75 6.18Eu (PPM) 4 0.66 O.O6F (PPM) 4 45.OO 37.86Ga (PPM) 4 25.25 8.96Ge (PPM) 4 4.27 1.68

10

Table 2. Averaged selected analytical results o-f tests on carbonaceous shale samples listed by percent ash content, as-received basis (continued).

H-F (PPM) Hg (PPM) La (PPM) Li (PPM) Lu (PPM) Mn (PPM) Mo (PPM) Nb (PPM) Nd (PPM) Ni (PPM) P (PPM) Pb (PPM) Pr (PPM) Rb (PPM) Sb (PPM) Sc (PPM) Se (PPM) Sm (PPM) Sn (PPM) Sr (PPM) Ta (PPM) Tb (PPM) Th (PPM) U (PPM) V (PPM) W (PPM) Y (PPM) Yb (PPM) Zn (PPM) Zr (PPM)

N5O - 75 X ASH

ave. s.d.

454444444445444454454454444444

8.82O.O4

27.75122. O

O.4164. O8.47

49.2527. O41.7587.2519.656.3

19.51.829. 12

16.23.5

1O.2182.5

3.6O.48

19.06.25

115.253.37

28.02.55

26.5

2.820.046.O7

75.26O.O6

27.177.69

28.1915.4724.9811.249.892.696.452.521.78.56O.423.66

15. OO.76O.O12.161.75

29. 07O.52

12.19O.317.85

457.5 3O9.56

11

and trace element composition -For 39 coal and carbonaceous

samples. Average results of selected analytical data are listed

on Tables 1 and 2.

The three sample areas shown on -Figure 2 roughly correspond

to depositional -Facies o-F the coal bearing strata described in

Wardlaw and others, 199O; Warwick and Hussain, 199O; Warwick and

Shakoor 1988a,b. The coal beds in the western area are

interbedded with deposits o-F a northerly trending barrier bar

complex, the coal beds in the central part of the coal -Field are

associated with lagoonal and tidal flat deposits, and coal beds

in the eastern part o-f the coal -Field are associated with upper

shore face and tidal channel deposits.

Coal and carbonaceous shale bed thicknesses from 37 sample

locations averaged O.49 m (Table 1). Results of proximate and

ultimate analyses, reported on an as received basis, indicate

that 44 samples with less than 5O percent ash yield (US6S

definition of coal) have an average ash yield of 24.23 percent,

average sulfur content of 5.32 percent, average pyritic sulfur

content of 4.O7 percent, and average calorific value of 8943 Btu

(4972 kcal/kg). Averaged results for 35 coal samples, analyzed

on a whole coal, dry basis for selected trace elements are listed

on Table 1.

Positive correlations, significant at a O.O1 level, exist

between total sulfur and As, pyritic sulfur and As, total sulfur

and location, organic sulfur and Se, calorific value (Btu) and

location, and coal bed thickness and Se (figs. 3 and 4). In

12

As vs Total S

L ia 1 0

9 5

* 85

7 6LI"

5.7

4 7

3.8

o 2 g fh

1 9

As PPM

A.

Se vs Organic S2 2

2.0

1 &

U 1 0

COB 00)06

L DOS

0 3

Se PPM

As vs Pvritic S

B.

Se vs Bed Thickness0 91

0 83

(I) 5)059

Cj/ 0 51

U- 0 11

Ih Q.36

Do 28 (Dfflozo

a 12

Se PPM

D.

Figure 3. Plots of some positive correlations (0.01 level) found among analytical data; A) As and total S; B) As and pyritic S; C) Se and organic S; D) Se and coal bed thickness. All values reported in percentage as received (% ar), in parts per million (PPM), or in meters (m). R = correlation coefficient.

13

Loc vs Thickness1.11

^ 1 01

^ 0 91

O ou(01)0.71

C\l_ 0.61

U 0 52

£f- 0 12

"00320

CD 0.22

0 12 c

a

«

a o

9

O

0 0

:o

O 9

O O

o a

a 8

8« 0

3OOOI-I-I-NNNU

ouoiiUNuiaiHAô

Area (on Fig 2)

Locat i on vs Ash47

43

39

L 360

32

^28~

25

£(1)21

C17

11

10c.

aa

oo

a

S

a

V

a

8o

~ o oo w

| a

a ao 8

: _____ a _____3OOOHI-I-NNNU

Qua>iiNuaiv-^-ja

Area (on Fig 21

A. B.

11829

11222

/-, 10615

g 10008

9401

A- 8791

\~ 8188

D 7581hffl 6974

63S7

<?7fcn3IDU C

C

Location vs BTU

.

0 0o

«0 0

0 « oa

0 2

a

0

o

9 «

o

o

>dOOt-l-l-NNN

iu<no)Nuia>i-i-j

Area (on Fig. 2)

»

a

o

a

a

~~*(Ja

Location vs Su 1 pur11.4

L 10.4 0

95

^ 8.5

76

I u.3 57w ,

1 1

0 38T-

0 29h

1.9C

C, _

o

0

« 8

o S

a.

O 9

9 9

0o a

« «

8 I9

8 J JOOOI-l-^NNN

3u<niflNmo>t-A^

Area (on Fig 21

a

9

a

S

«

o

u o

C. D.

Figure 4. Plots of sample location and coal bed A) thickness, B) ash yield, C) BTU, and D) total S. All values reported in percentage, as received (% ar) for samples with less than 50% ash yield. Locations refer to Areas 1-3 on figure 2.

14

general, the thickest coal beds with the lowest total sulfur

content are in the central part of the coal field. Organic

sulfur and Se contents are greatest in the eastern part of the

coal field; pyritic sulfur content is greatest in the western

part of the coal field. Total ash yields increase towards the

east. Calorific values for the samples, calculated to a moist,

mineral matter free basis, indicate that the apparent rank of the

coal is high volatile C bituminous.

Results of proximate and ultimate analyses, reported on an

as received basis, for 5 carbonaceous shale samples, with greater

than 5O percent and less than 75 percent ash yield (summarized on

Table 2), have an average ash yield of 6O.29 percent, average

sulfur content of 3.37 percent, average pyritic sulfur content of

2.86 percent, and average calorific value of 3323 Btu (1847

kcal/kg). Results for analyses of selected minor and trace-

elements, analysed on a whole rock, dry basis, are summarized on

Table 2.

Results of proximate and ultimate analyses, reported on an

as received basis, for 11 shale samples, with greater than 75

percent ash yield (summarized on Table 2), have an average ash

yield of 83.57 percent, an average sulfur content of 2.02

percent, an average pyritic sulfur content of 1.84 percent, and

average calorific value of 982 Btu (547 kcal/kg). No tests for

minor and trace element concentrations were run for samples

having greater than 75 percent ash yield.

15

DISCUSSION

Variations in the chemical and physical characteristics of

the Salt Range coal beds may be related to depositional

environments of the coal bearing strata. Increased ash

concentrations in an easterly or landward direction probably

indicate less stable, more -fluvially influenced environments of

peat deposition than elsewhere. Organic sulfur and Se content

increases in a landward direction. This indicates that Se and

organic sulfur probably formed in similar geochemical

environments (their correlation coefficient is significant at

O.43O7). Se and coal bed thickness have a significant

correlation coefficient at O.4946, but the reason for this

correlation is not clear and may be an artifact of averaging.

For example, the thicker coal beds generally contain less ash and

are located in the central and western part of the field, not in

the eastern part where coal bed thickness is less and ash and Se

content is greatest. The increase of organic sulfur eastward may

indicate that the eastern peats were deposited in fresher water

environments than in the other parts of the field, and that they

were inundated by marine waters that contributed to organic

sulfur concentrations. Similar depositional environments have

been proposed for increases in organic sulfur content in

Appalachian coal beds by Davies and Raymond (1983).

Total sulfur values are greatest in the western part of the

coal field and may be related to post peat pyrite fi1led burrows

observed commonly in the upper part of the coal bed near the

16

barrier bar complex. The thickest coal beds with the lowest ash

content and highest calorific values -formed -from peats deposited

in back barrier, tidal -flat environments o-f the central and

western parts o-f the coal -field.

No significant correlations were -found between total sul-fur

and bed thickness, and ash yield and bed thickness.

Concentrations o-f Ti, at O.36 percent? Zr, at 382 ppm; and

Se, at 11.4 ppm, are high compared to world wide averages -for

these elements in coal (Stach and others, 1982; Ward, 1984,

written communication, Finkelman, 1989). Four carbonaceous shale

samples, analyzed on a whole rock, dry basis -for selected trace

elements, have average concentrations o-f Ti , at 1.55 percent; Zr,

at 457 ppm; and Se, at 9. 1 ppm. The high percentages o-f Ti and

Zr in the coal samples may be related to the ash yield o-f the

samples. Zr and Si have a positive correlation coefficient of

O.7994 and Ti and ash yield have a positive correlation

coefficient of O.697O.

CONCLUSIONS

In general, the thickest coal beds with the lowest total

sulfur content are in the central part of the Salt Range coal

field. Organic sulfur and Se contents are greatest in the

eastern part of the coal field; pyritic sulfur content is

greatest in the western part of the coal field. Total ash yields

increase towards the east. Calorific values for coal samples,

calculated on a moist, mineral matter free basis, indicate that

17

the apparent rank of the coal is high volatile C bituminous.

Some of the variations observed in the chemical and physical

characteristics o-f the Salt Range coal beds may be related to

different depositional environments of the coal bearing strata.

Ash yield and organic sulfur content are greatest in the eastern

part of the coal field where fluvial and lacustrine environments

may have contributed to the character of the coal beds. Coal bed

thickness is greatest and total sulfur content is least in

lagoonal environments of the central part of the coal field.

Total and pyritic sulfur content is greatest in the western part

of the coal field and may be related an abundance of post-peat

pyrite filled burrows commonly observed in the upper part of the

coal bed. Concentrations of Ti, Zr, and Se are high compared to

world wide averages for these elements in coal and may be related

to the high ash yield of the samples.

REFERENCES

Ahmad, W. , Gauhar, S. H. , Siddiqi, R. A., 1986, Coal resources of

Pakistan: Records of the Geological Survey of Pakistan, vol.

73, 55 p.

Alam, G. S., Bhatti, N. A., Mashhadi, S. T. A., Shakoor, T.,

Javed, S., and Anwar, M., 1987, Coal deposits of the Dalwal

Plateau, District Chakwal, eastern Salt Range, Punjab,

Pakistan: Geological Survey of Pakistan Information Release

325, 33 p.

18

American Society -for Testing and Materials, 1986, Annual book of

ASTM Standards: vol. .05.O5, Gaseous Fuels; Coal and Coke:

ASTM, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 565 p.

Baker, D. M. , Li Hie, R. J. , Yeats, R. S. , Johnson, G. D. ,

Yousu-f, M. , and Zamin, A. S. H. , 1988, Development of the

Himalayan frontal thrust zone: Salt Range Pakistan: Geology,

v. 16, p. 3 7.

Davies, T. D., and Raymond, R., Jr., 1983, Sulfur as a reflection

of depositional environments in peats and coals, in Raymond,

R., Jr., and Andrejko, M. J., eds.. Proceedings of workshop

on Mineral Matter in Peat, Its Occurrence, Form, and

Distribution, September 26 3O, 1983, Los Alamos National

Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, p. 123 14O.

Gee, E. R., 1938, The economic geology of the northern Punjab,

with notes on adjoining portions of the North-West Frontier

Province: India Mining Geology and Metallic Institute

Transaction, vol. 33, pt. 3, p. 263 35O.

Gee, E. R., 1945, Coal: Records of the Geological Survey of

India, vol. 76, n. 16, 147 p.

Gee, E. R., 1949, The mineral resources of north western India:

Records of the Geological Survey of Pakistan, vol. 1, pt. 1,

25 p.

Ghaznavi, M. I., 1988, The petrographic properties of the coals

of Pakistan: (M. S. Thesis), Carbondale, Southern Illinois

University, 175 p.

19

Golightly, D. W. and Simon, F. O. , eds. 1989, Methods for

sampling and inorganic analysis o-f coal: U.S. Geological

Survey Bulletin 1823, 72 p.

Khan, N. M. , 1949, A survey o-f coal resources o-f Pakistan:

Geological Survey o-f Pakistan Records, vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 1-

11.

LaTouche, B. A., 1894, Report on the Bhaganwala coal field. Salt

Range, Punjab: Geological Survey of India Records, vol. 27,

p. 16-33.

Landis, E. R., Reinemund, J. A., Cone, G. C., Schick, D. P.,

Kebblish, W., 1971, Analyses of Pakistan coals: U. S.

Geological Survey Project Report, (IR) PK-58, 71 p.

Powel1 Duffryn Technical Services, Ltd., 1949, Report on the

production and utilization of coal in Pakistan: Second

report to the Government of Pakistan, 136 p., 13 pi.

Shah, S. M. I., 198O, Stratigraphy and economic geology of

central Salt Range: Records of the Geological Survey of

Pakistan, vol. 52, 1O4 p.

Stach, E. , Mackowsky M.-TH., Teichmuller M. , Taylor G. H.,

Chandra D. and Teichmuller R. 1982, Stach's textbook of coal

petrology: Gebruder Borntraeger, Stuttgart, 535 p.

Ward, C. R. (ed.), 1984, Coal geology and coal technology:

Blackwell Scientific Publications, Melbourne, 345 p.

20

Wardlaw, B. R. , Martin, W. E. , and Haydri, I. H. , 199O,

Preliminary lithofacies analysis o-f the Lockhart, Fatal a,

and Nammal Formations (Paleocene Eocene) o-f the Salt

Range: Geological Survey of Pakistan Project Report (IR) PK-

9O, 4O manuscript pages <in press).

Warwick, P. D. , and Husain, Farhat, 199O, Coal fields o-f Punjab

and North West Frontier Provinces, and Azad Kashmir,

Pakistan: in Kazmi, A. H. , ed. , Proceedings o-f a workshop on

the Significance of Coal Resources of Pakistan, February 8

9, Karachi, Pakistan: Geological Survey of Pakistan, Quetta,

18 manuscript pages <in press).

Warwick, P. D., and Javed, S., 199O, Quality and character of

Pakistan coal: in Kazmi, A. H., ed., Proceedings of a

workshop on the Significance of Coal Resources of Pakistan,

February 8-9, Karachi, Pakistan: Geological Survey of

Pakistan, Quetta, 17 manuscript pages <in press).

Warwick, P. D., and Shakoor, T. , 19S8a, Controls on the

distribution and lithofacies of marginal marine Paleocene

formations of the Salt Range, Pakistan: Geological Society

of America, Abstracts with Programs, vol. 2O, no. 7, p. A9O.

Warwick, P. D., and Shakoor, T., 19S8b, Preliminary report on the

coal characteristics in the Salt Range area of north central

Pakistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 88-637,

333 p. (Also Geological Survey of Pakistan Project Report

(IR) PK-83.)

21

Warwick, P. D. , Shakoor, T. , Javed, S. , Mashhadi, S. T. A., and

Ghaznavi, M. I., 199O, Chemical and physical characteristics

of coal beds from the Salt Range coal field, Punjab

Province, Pakistan: USGS research on energy resources 199O

Program and Abstracts, Sixth V. E. McKelvey Forum on Mineral

and Energy Resources, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1060,

p. 86.

Wells, N. A., 1984, Marine and continental sedimentation in the

early Cenozoic Kohat Basin and adjacent northwestern Indo-

Pakistan: Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann

Arbor, Michigan, 465 p.

Wynne, A. B., 1878, Geology of the Salt Range in the Punjab:

Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, vol. 14, 313 p.

22

APPENDIX I. COAL AND CARBONACEOUS SHALE SAMPLE BACK6RQUND DATA

Dashed line indicates no data or not applicable.

SAMPLE NUMBER

85-SDT-001 85-SKA-OQ3 85-SPR-002 85HI6104 85HI6105 85HIB109 85HI6111 85MIB116 86-T6H-1 B6-T6H-2 86-T6H-3 86-T6H-4 86-TBH-7 86-TBM-8 86-T6H-9ARA-DD-6ARA-MC-5ARA-HN-19ARA-TC-6ARR-KH-RT-AARR-HH-RT-BARR-JV-7CB-KC-3ACB-KC-33CD-DL-4C6AS-HCC-3DANDQT-CA-2DANDQT-KC-6DANDQT-PJ-H1DANDQT-PJ-P6-1DANDOT-SP-6

DSD-13-2DSD-14-3DSD-15-4DSD-16-5DSM-18-6JT-HDH-58KK-6H-8A

KK-6H-8B

KW-CYS-1H-SAL-1MN-1MN-1GHN-11flN-2HN-3HH-4HN-5HN-6HH-7HN-8HN-9NH-JV-iNW-flAH-2P-KB-6BP-KC-12PJ-PCP-1PJ-PCP-2APJ-PCP-28TSD-7-1

LQN6ITUDE LATITUDE

725500 E 323930 N 723940 £ 323358 N 723100 E 323700 N 730140 E 324255 N 730012 E 324010 N 725225 E 324050 N 725030 E 324130 N 722115 E 323258 N 725830 E 324253 N 731010 E 324445 N 730930 E 324555 N 731225 E 324430 N 730036 E 324410 N 730550 E 324800 N 730005 E 324355 N731155730815731625731030722055722055722330722510722510725030730625725510725603725717725919725636

725615725607725624725722730147732340724225

724225

720850723325730105730105730105730105730105730105730105730105730105730105730105723725723515722845723535723100723120723120725605

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

EEEEEEE

E

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

324345324450324340324440323250323250323310323425323425323940324850324100323933323905324030324033

324352323955324012324000324325325010323725

323725

323025323925324308324308324308324308324308324308324308324308324308324308324308323645323805323640323530323745323815323815324307

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

NNNNNNN

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

DISTRICT

KHUSHAB JEHLUM KHUSHAB JEHLUM JEHLUM JEHLUH JEHLUM KUSHAB JEHLUH JEHLUH JEHLUH JEHLUH JEHLUM JEHLUM JEHLUMJEHLUMJEHLUMJHELUHJEHLUMKHUSHABKHUSHABKHUSHABKHUSHABKHUSHABJEHLUMJEHLUHJEHLUHJEHLUMJEHLUHJEHLUMJEHLUH

JEHLUHJEHLUHJEHLUHJEHLUHJEHLUMJEHLUHJEHLUH

JEHLUM

KHUSHABJEHLUHJEHLUHJEHLUMJEHLUHJEHLUMJEHLUHJEHLUHJEHLUMJEHLUMJEHLUMJEHLUMJEHLUHJEHLUHJEHLUMKHUSHABKHUSHABKHUSHABKHUSHABKHUSHABJEHLUM

DATE COLLECTED

________

01/18/8801/19/8812/12/8701/24/8803/26/8803/26/8803/23/8803/22/8803/22/8804/21/8802/10/8810/07/8801/26/8801/26/8801/28/8801/11/88

02/18/8803/14/8803/31/8804/14/8806/14/8802/06/8802/21/88

02/21/88

03/29/8803/08/8806/02/8806/03/8806/03/8806/03/8806/03/8806/03/8806/03/8806/03/8806/03/8806/03/8806/03/8802/22/8803/02/8803/09/8803/06/8803/03/8803/03/8803/03/8802/03/88

COLLECTOR

6HAZNAVI 6HAZNAVI SHAZNAVI 6HAZNAVI 6HAZNAVI 6HAZNAVI BHAZNAVi 6HAZNAVI 6HAZNAVI 6HAZNAVI 6HAZNAVI SHAZNAVI 6HAZNAVI 6HAZNAV1 6HAZNAVIWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKHUSSAINHUSSAINHUSSAINHUSSAIN

t SHAKOOR& SHAKOORt SHAKOORi SHAKOORi SHAKOORi SHAKOORi SHAKOORi SHAKOOR& SHAKOORt SHAKOOR& SHAKOORi SHAKOORi JAVED& JAVEDi JAVEDt JAVED

HASHHADIHASHHAQIMASHHAQIMASHHADIHASHHADIWARWICKWARWICK

WARWICK

WARWICKWARWICKHASHHADIHASHHADIHASHHADIHASHHADIHASHHADIHASHHADIHASHHADIHASHHADIMASHHADIMASHHADIMASHHADIWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKWARWICKANWAR i

& SHAKOORi SHAKOOR

i SHAKOOR

i SHAKOORi SHAKOORi JAVEDi JAVEDi JAVEDi JAVEDi JAVED

JAVEDJAVEDJAVEDJAVEDJAVED

& JAVEDi SHAKOOR& SHAKOORi SHAKOOR6 SHAKOORi SHAKOORi SHAKOOR& SHAKOORMASHHADI

MINE NAME

RAKH DIWANKARAN6ALCHITTI DANDDALWALARARAAFTAB COAL COMPANYSIDHANDIMUNAWARNAWAZNAZAZ NO 33HASAINNAWAZDHOLA DHER NO. 6MUNAWER CORP. NO.5HEHR NAZER i CO.TARIQ COAL CO. HINE NO.HAYAL-UL-HIR COAL CO.HAYAT-UL-HIR COAL CO.JHELUH VALLEY COAL CO.KATHA COLLIERIES NO. 3KATHA COLLIERIES NO. 3CHIHIDAND COLLIERY NO.HUSSAIN COAL CO.CAPTAIN ABID MINE NO. 2

DANDQT HAIN INCLINE, PUNJMINPUNJHIN-P6SUPER PUNJAB COAL CO. HINENO.6

HALIK DOST HOHAMAD i CO.6ULZAR i CO. HASNAIN COLLIERYMINE NO. 88ULZAR & CO. HASNAIN COLLIERYMINE NO. 8CHAUDRY YOUNES SHAFIQ & CO.S.A. LATIF i CO.

JAVED i CO.MALIK ATA MOHAHHED & CO. NO.KARAH BUTSH & CO. NO. 6BKHYBER COAL CO. NO. 12PUNJMIN PCP NO. 1PUNJMIN PCP-2PUNJMIN PCP-2

23

APPENDIX !. SAMPLE BACKGROUND DATA(continued)

Dashed line indicates no data or not applicable,

SAHPLE NUHBER

85-SDT-OOi85-SKA-003 85-SPR-002B5HI610485HIG105 85,116109 85HIS111 85HI6116QJUTCM-1oo i on i00 1 on £. Ql-TCM-T00 i on ooo i on ^86-TSH-7OJL TCM QBO 1 On 0 BA-TCM-0CO » an 7ARA-DD-6 ARA-«C-5 ARA-HN-19rain lit QARR-HH-RT-A ARR-HH-RT-B ARR-JV-7 CB-KC-3AUB M« OBCD-DL-4 C6AS-HCC-3 DANDOT-CA-2 DAHDOT-KC-6DANDQT-PJ-Hi DANDOT-PJ-P6-1 DANDOT-SP-6 DSD-13-2 DSD-14-3 DSD-15-4 DSD-16-5 DSH-18-6 JT-HDH-5BMi on OH KK-6H-8B KN-CYS-1 H-SAL-1 HN-1 HN-10 HN-11 HH-2 HM-3 HN-4 HN-5 HN-6m-7HN-8 8N-9 NM-JV-1 NH-HAH-2 P-KB-6B P-KC-12 PJ-PCP-1 PJ-PCP-2A PJ-PCP-2B TSD-7-1

INTERVAL THICKNESS ( )

0.760.91 0.79

0.36

0.61 0.46 0.290.30 0.43 0.12 0.55 0.120.27 0.38 0.30 0.36 0.990.91 1.11 0.56 0.30 0.91 0.42 0.51 0.82 0.610.61 0.27 0.55 0.24 0.46 1.52 0.46 1.37 1.52 1.37 1.40 1.61 1.66 1.52 1.52 0.43 0.26 0.46 0.46 0.33 0.58 0.24 0.23

TO TOP QF CQAL BED ( )

118.51 117.35 98.14 96.62 82.60

66.55 82.85 84.37 68.09 70.10 71.62 73.22 74.90 77.72 79.38 80.90

142.34

95.70

DRILL HOLE NUHBER

DSD-13 DSD-14 DSD-15 DSD-16 DSH-18

DSH-17 DSH-17 DSH-17 DSH-17 DSH-17 DSH-17 DS«-17 DSH-17 DSH-17 DSH-17 DSH-17

TSD-7

ROOF ROCK TYPE

________

SHALE SILTSTQNE CARBONACEOUS SHALE

SANDSTONE/SHALE SILTSTONE/SHALE SANDSTONE/SHALE SHALEdlLiSIUnC/SnHLLSHALE SHALE CARBONACEOUS SHALE CARBONACEOUS SHALEOnHLCSILTSTQNE SHALE SHALE SHALE CARBONACEOUS SHALE SHALE SHALE SHALESHALE/SANDSTONE SHALE SHALE SHALE HARL LOST SHALE LOST LOST SHALE LOST LOST LOST SHALE SHALE SHALE/SANDSTONE SHALE SHALE SHALE SHALE SILTSTQNE SHALE SHALE

FLOOR ROCK TYPE

________

SHALE SANDSTONE

_Hn0UnnuCUU9 DnHLtSHALE SHALE SILTSTONE SHALE3nnLLSHALE SHALE CARSBONACEOUS SHALE SHALESHALE SHALE SHALE SHALE SHALE SHALE CARBONACEOUS SHALE SHALE SANDSTQNE/SILTSTONECUAI CbnRLc SHALE SILTSTONE SHALE LOST SHALE SANDSTONE - PERHIAN LOST SHALE LOST LOST LOST SHALE SHALE LOST CARB SHALE SHALE SHALE M/SS SHALE SANDSTONE/SHALE SHALE SILTSTONE SHALE

24

II, Proxiaate ana ultisate analyses and calorific value deterainations for 60 coal and carbonaceous shale saiples froa Punjab, Pakistan.

[All analyses except calorific value in percent. For each saapie nuaber, the analyses are reported to four bases: first, equiiibriui aoisture basis; second, as-received basis; third, ioisture-free basis; and fourth, moisture- and ash-free basis. Dashed line indicates not analyzed. All analyses by coaiercial testing laboratories following ASTM (1986) standards.]

PROXIMATE ANALYSIS

SAMPLE VOLATILE FIXED NUMBER MOISTURE ASH MATTER CARBON

85-SDT-001 -- -----

11.44 13.84 15.63

35-SKA-003 -----

14.46 13.63 iD.TJ

9.23 18.48 20.36

85MI61G4 - 7.11 13.51 14 54

i t WT

-

B5MI6105 10.14 28.02 oi.io

10.06 10.53 11.71 _____

85MIG111 ----- -----

4.79 55.98_____ 50 Oft tie . BV

35.3639.9347.33

32.0637.4844.58

35.0338.5948.46

40.8643.9851.46

29.3232.6347.42

36.6640.7646.16

22.6823.8357 QA

39,44,52.

39.46.55.

37.41.51.

38.41.48.

32.36.52.

42.47.53.

16.17.40

,36,44,67

855942

260554

524854

521958

755334

55371 A

ULTIMATE ANALYSIS

CARBON HYDROBEN NITRQ6EN CHLORINE SULFUR

57.1964.5376.54

52.7161.6373.31

51.6656.9271.47

58.6063.0873.82

44.5049.5271.96

58.1864.69 -73.27

25.5226.81i5 A7

5.474.735.61

5.374.395.22

4.904.265.35

5.414.975.82

4.553.805.52

5.344.695.31

3.182.78A 7«!

0.951.071.27

0.951.101.31

1.011.111.39

0.880.941.10

0.810.901.31

0.850.941.06

0.430.451 AO

- 2.71 - 3. - 3.

7. 8. 9.

- 8. 9. 11.

4.5.6.

2. 2. 3.

4. \i*

6.

- 2. - 2. 7

0562

022177

624992

882616

474798

803304

8599OA

OXYGEN

19.8410.9412.96

20.328.7410.39

15.337.869.87

16.7211.2113.10

19.6511.8617.23

20.3012.6414.32

12.048.17

10 OT

CALORIFIC VALUE

BTU/LB KCAL/K6

10,27911,60713,757

9,57411,19213,313

9,88010,38513,668

10,86511,69613,687

7,8528,73812,698

10,52011,69613,247

4,6504,884

11 OSA

5,7156,4537,649

5,32^6,2237,402

5,4936,0527,599

6,0416,5037,610

4,3664,8587,060

5,8496,5037,365

2,585T 715 _, I J.<J

A 50ft

25

Appendix II (continued). Proxiiate and uitiiate analyses and calorific values deteriinations for 60 coai saaples froi Punjab, Pakistan.

SAMPLE NUMBER

35MIS116

86-TBM-l

86-T6H-2

86-T6H-3

86-TSM-4

86-T6H-7

86-TSM-8

36-T6M-9

ARA-DD-6

PROXIMATE ANALYSIS

VOLATILE FIXED HOISTIJRE ASH HATTER CARBON

5.32 ii- 11

9.01 29 7-7

Wi

5.45 43_____ »L

TB

5.28 56 60

10.01 37 _____ 41

7.31 51 - 55

5.58 66- 70

7.51 46 50

.25

.89

.67

.61

.55

.06

.89

.06

.30

.45

.22

.26

.99

.95

.70

.50

11.74 41.04 8.16 42.71 46.50

46.72 49.35 56.01

30.62 33.65 49.93

26.89 28.44 52.72

22.04 23.26 58.23

24.85 27.62 47.17

20.36 21.96 49.08

15.53 16.45 56.63

21.49 23.24 46.94

26.02 27.08 29.48«!«! 11

36.71 38.76 43.99

30.70 33.74 50.07

24.11 25.50 47.28

15.79 16.68 41.77

27.84 30.93 52.83

21.11 22.78 50.92

11.90 12.60 43.37

24.30 26.26 53.06

21.20 22.05 24.02dl 00

ULTIMATE ANALYSIS

CARBON HYDR06EN NITROGEN CHLORINE SULFUR

63.33 66.88 75.90

44.04 48.40 71.82

34.64 36.63 67.91

24.34 25.70 64.34

36.80 40.89 69.84

28.06 30.27 67.66

12.48 13.22 45.51

34.37 37.16 75.06

31.34 32.61 35.51

5.96 5.67 6.43

4.60 3.95 5.86

3.64 3.20 5.93

3.13 2.68 6.71

3.93 3.12 5.33

3.15 2.51 5.61

2.13 1.60 5.51

3.32 2.68 5.41

4.17 3.89 3.24

1.16 1.23 1.40

0.71 0.78 i.16

0.45 0.47 0.87

0.34 0.36 0.90

0.44 0.49 0.84

0.42 0.46 1.03

0.18 0.19 0.65

0.45 0.48 0.97

0.52 0.54 0.59

- 2.96 - 3.12 3.54

- 3.63 - 3.99 - 5.92

- 4.82 5.10

- 9.45

1.65 - 1.74 4.36

5.51 6.12 - 10.45

2.13 - 2.29 - 5.12

- 9.12 9.66 - 33.26

- 2.16 2.34 4.73

0.01 4.49 0.01 4.670.01 5.09 q KI

OXY6EN

15.34 11.21 12.73

17.35 10.27 15.24

12.90 8.54 15.84

13.65 9.46

23.69

16.02 7.93 13.54

15.02 9.21

20.58

9.10 4.38 15.07

13.00 6.84 13.83

18.43 15.57 9.06

CALORIFIC VALUE

BTU/LB KCAL/KS

11,829 12,494 14,179

8,080 8,880 13,177

6,282 6,645 12,319

4,239 4,475 11,204

6,585 7,317 12,497

5,123 5,527 12,353

2,605 2,759 9,498

5,977 6,462 13,053

5,618 5,8466,365

11 floa

6,577 6,947 7,883

4,492 4,937 7,326

3,493 3,695 6,849

2,357 2,488 6,229

3,661 4,068 6,948

2,848 3,073 6,368

1,448 1,534 5,281

3,323 3,593 7,257

3,124 3,250 3,539A A15

26

538

Appendix II (continued). Proxiiate and ultieate analyses and calorific values determinations for 60 coal les froi Punjab, Pakistan,

PROXIMATE ANALYSIS

SAHPL£ VOLATILE FIXED NUMBER MOISTURE ASH HATTER CARBON

ARA-HC-5

ARA-MN-19

ARA-TC-6

ARR-HH-RT-A

ARR-HH-RT-B

ARR-JV-7

CB-KC-3A

CB-KC-3B

5.795.70

13.5314.15

9.287.89

8.328.15

6.746.97

9.159.67

5.455.84

9.489.53

39.4539.4941.87

19.9319.7823.04

24.6625.0427.18

19.1119.2520.96

26.5926.5328.52

19.9119.8021.92

31.7431.6133.57

16.2816.3318.06

28.9929.0230.7752.94

32.4632.2337.5448,78

TT ^q JO I 4.|J

33.7636.6550.34

36.8937.1640.4651.19

35.4535.3638.0153.18

35.1934.9838.7349.60

35.6435.4937.6956.74

37.0337.1341.0750.12

25.7725.7927.3647.06

34.0833.8439.4251.22

32.8133.3136.1749.66

35.1835.4438.5848.31

31.2231.1433.4746.82

35.7535.5539.3550.04

27.1727.0623.7443.26

36.8536.9640.8749.88

ULTIMATE ANALYSIS

CARBON HYDROSEN NITR06EN CHLORINE SULFUR

39.4339.5241.90

48.1647.8255.70

47.1647.8851.99

51.1351.5156.08

47.8647.7551.32

52.4552.1557.74

47.0646.8649.77

55.3455.5061.38

4.024.023.53

5.135.224.24

4.984.884.34

4.844.794.22

4.364.874.40

5.015.044.39

4.314.834.44

5.365.344.72

0.640.640.67

0.630.680.79

0.750.770.83

0.920.921.00

0.870.860.93

0.950.941.05

0.940.941.00

1.141.151.27

0.010.010.01

0.010.010.01

0.010.010.01

0.020.020.02

0.020.020.02

0.050.050.05

0.020.020.02

0.020.020.02

2.892.893.075.28

4.084.054.716.13

6.286.386.929.51

11.1211.2012.1915.42

5.955.946.388.93

5.024.995.527.07

4.184.164.426.65

5.485.506.087.42

OXY6EN

13.5113.438.90

21.9622.4411.51

16.1615.048.73

12.8612.315.53

13.8514.038.43

16.6117.039.33

11.2511.586.78

16.3816.168.47

CALORIFIC VALUE

BTU/LB KCAL/K6

7,3207,3277,77013,368

8,7128,64910,07513,091

8,8068,9419,70713,330

9,6679,73810,60213,414

8,9868,9649,63513,479

9,6319,57610,60113,577

3,6648,6289,16313,794

10,11210,14111,21513,687

4,0704,0744,3207,433

4,3444,8095,6027,279

4,8964,9715,3677,411

5,3755,4145,8957,458

4,9964,9845,3577,494

D,6tf3

5,3245,8947,549

4,8174,7975,0957,669

5,6225,6386,2357,610

27

Appendix II (continued). Proxiiate and uitiaate analyses and calorific values deterninations for 60 coal samples froffl Punjab, Pakistan.

PROXIMATE

SAMPLE NUMBER MOISTURE ASH

CD-DL-4 9.6410.42

C8AS-HCC-3 8.717.59

DANDQT-CA- 8.662 7.30

DANDOT-KC- 9.416 10.04

DANDOT-PJ- 10.93Ml 11.49

DANDQT-PJ- 9.58P6-1 8.31

DANDOT-SP- 10.136 9.05

DSD-13-2 6.066.67

DSD-14-3 8.348.70

19.4519.2821.53

37.3937.8540.96

24.0224.3726.29

21.9521.8024.23

13.5313.4515.19

23.9924.3326.53

17.8718.0819.88

29.9529.7531.38

23.3723.2825.49

ANALYSIS

VOLATILE FIXED MATTER CARBON

33.9133.6137.5247.82

25.6725.9828.1247.62

34.2634.7737.5150.90

35.3535.1039.0251.49

38.2237.9842.9150.5932.9833.4436.4849.65

33.6334.0337.4246.71

33.7333.5135.9052.71

34.3734.2337.4950.32

37.0036.6940.9552.18

28.2328.5830.9252.38

33.0633.5636.2049.10

33.2933.0636.7548.51

37.3237.0841.9049.4133.4533.9236.9950.35

38.3738.8442.7053.29

30.2630.0732.2247.29

33.9233.7937.0249.68

ULTIMATE ANALYSIS

CARBON HYDRQ6EN NITRQBEN CHLORINE SULFUR

49.4048.9854.67

36.1736.6139.62

48.8049.5353.43

50.1249.7755.32

57.1756.8164.19

47.9648.6353.04

52.5153.1458.43

47.2046.9050.25

49.4949.3053.99

5.065.114.41

4.724.644.10

5.064.974.48

5.135.174.50

5.645.684.96

4.924.834.25

5.185.114.50

4.764.804.34

4.934.954.36

0.950.941.05

0.660.670.73

0.850.870.94

0.920.921.02

1.000.991.12

0.870.890.97

0.950.961.06

0.860.850.91

0.810.810.89

0.020.020.02

0.020.020.02

0.010.010.01

0.010.010.01

0.010.010.01

0.020.020.02

0.020.020.02

0.020.020.02

0.020.020.02

2.862.833.164.03

10.9111.0411.9520.24

3.263.313.574.84

4.194.164.626.10

2.092.082.352.775.485.566.068.25

5.855.926.518 |7

. ii>

3.903.884.156.10

5.505.486.008.05

OXYGEN

22.2622.8415.16

10.139.172.62

18.0016.9411.28

17.6818.1710.30

20.5620.9812.18

16.7615.749.13

17.6216.779.60

13.3113.808.45

15.8816.169.25

CALORIFIC VALUE

BTU/LB KCAL/KG

9,5849,501

10,60613,516

6,7386,8217,381

12,501

8,9699,1029,819

13,322

9,2059,14110,16113,410

10,22110,15711,47513,5318,8478,9719,78513,319

9,5769,69110,65517 700 1 j , Li I

8,7498,6929,31313,672

9,1459,1099,97713,390

5,3295,2825,8977,515

3,7463,7924,1046,951

4,9875,0615,4597,407

5,1185,0825,6497,456

5,6835,6476,3807,5234,9194,9895,4407,405

5,3249,6915,924 7 ^94/ , -J7T

4,8644,8335,1787,602

5,0855,0655,5477,445

28

Appendix II (continued). Proxiiate and ultiiate analyses and calorific values deterainations for 60 coal saiples froa Punjab, Pakistan.

SAMPLE NUMBER

DSD-15-4

DSD-16-5

DSH-18-6

JT-HDH-5B

KK-6H-8A

KK-SH-8B

KN-CYS-1

H-SAL-1

PROXIMATE ANALYSIS

VOLATILE FIXED MOISTURE ASH MATTER CARBON

8.909.76

8.009.42

4.905.04

-----

6.336.91

11.4010.67

9.688.32

14.2116.87

7.717.06

28.5028.2331.28

25.1624.7727.34

78.2778.1582.30_____

21.7721.6423.24

10.1110.1911.41

28.2928.7231.32

25.9725.1630.27

16.4216.5417.80

30.2029.9233.15JQ TCno._j

33.3332.8136.2349.86

11.0711.0511.6465.73

34.4934.2736.8247.97

39.3839.7044.4550.17

33.0033.5036.5453.21

28.9328.0333.7248.36

37.5237.7840.6549.45

32.4032.0935.5751.75

33.5133.0036.4350.14

5.765.766.06

34.27

37.4137.1839.9452.03

39.1139.4444.1449.83

29.0329.4632.1446.79

30.8929.9436.0151.64

38.3538.6241.5550.55

ULTIMATE ANALYSIS

CARBON HYDROBEN NITR08EN CHLORINE SULFUR

45.8645.4250.34

49.4448.6753.74

9.269.249.74

53.6253.2957.25

59.9560.4567.67

45.4746.1650.34

38.8037.6045.23

55.6956.0860.34

4.314.383.64

4.244.353.64

1.641.661.15

4.894.934.47

5.905.865.22

5.064.974.40

4.524.733.42

5.115.064.60

0.840.830.92

0.870.850.94

0.200.200.21

0.830.830.89

1.051.051.18

0.870.880.96

0.660.640.77

1.241.241.34

O.C20.020.02

0.020.020.02

0.01O.Ci0.01

0.020.020.02

0.130.130.14

0.100.100.11

0.020.020.02

0.050.050.05

4.424.384.857.06

6.536.437.099.76

4.414.414.64

26.21

3.493.473.724.85

2.032.042.292.58

1.881.912.093.04

11.7411.3713.6819.62

8.448.509.1511.13

OXY8EN

16.0516.748.95

13.7414.917.23

6.216.331.95

15.3815.8210.41

20.8320,2812.09

18.3317.2610.78

18.2920.486.61

13.0512.536.72

CALORIFIC VALUE

BTU/LB KCAL/K6

8,2158,1379,017 13 1221%} 4 J.£-_

9,0018,8629,78313,465

1,7231,7201,812

10,234

9,7789,71810,43913,600

10,84810,93812,24413,821

8,3108,4359,20113,398

7,3647,1368,58412,309

10,54910,62411,43113,905

4,5674,5245,0137 TCU/ ,-70

5,0054,9275,4397,486

958956

1,0075,690

5,4375,4035,8047,561

6,0316,0826,8087,684

4,6204,6905,1167,449

4,0943,9684,7736,344

5,8655,9076,3567,731

29

Appendix II (continued). Prasiiate and ultimate analyses ana calorific values deterainatians far 60 ccal saepies froi Punjab, Pakistan.

SAMPLE NUflBER

[1H-1

UN-10

UN-11

UN-2

UN-3

HM-4

UN-5

SIN-6

PROXIMATE ANALYSIS

VOLATILE FIXED KOISTURE ASH HATTER CARBON

9.58 9.91

2.30 1.36

3.22 1.73

9.78 8.98

7.20 6.12

6.03 5.16

7.60 7.59

10.93 10.88

70.64 70.38 73.13

31.23 82.01 83.57

83.65 84.94 56.44

77.86 78.55 86.30

85.26 86.26 91.88

83.94 84.76 89.37

81.99 82.00 88.73

81.16 81.21 91.12

19.73 19.66 21.82 99.76

15.31 15.96 16.26 98.96

12.79 12.98 13.21 97.40

12.33 12.44 13.66 99.70

7.40 7.49 7.98 98.23

9.91 10.01 10.55 99.23

10.37 10.37 11.22 99.54

7.82 7.83 8.78

OD 07

0.05 0.05 0.05 0.24

0.16 0.17 0.17 1.04

0.34 0.35 0.35 2.60

0.03 0.03 0.04 0.30

0.14 0.13 0.14 1.77

0.07 0.07 0.08 0.77

0.04 0.04 0.05 0.46

0.09 0.08 0.101 A7

ULTIMATE ANALYSIS

CARBON HYDROGEN NITROBEN CHLORINE SULFUR

4.71 4.69 5.21

1.63 1.64 1.67

1.10 1.12 1.14

1.77 1.79 1.97

0.77 0.78 0.83

1.69 1.70 1.80

3.27 3.27 3.54

1.09 1.10 1.23

1.70 1.73 0.69

1.51 1.42 1.23

1.49 1.34 1.17

2.05 1.97 1.06

1.73 1.62 0.99

1.64 1.54 1.02

1.69 1.69 0.91

1.98 1.97 0.85

0.03 0.03 0.03

0.04 0.04 0.04

0.03 0.03 0.03

0.04 0.04 0.04

0.04 0.04 0.04

0.04 0.04 0.04

0.08 0.08 0.08

0.01 0.01 0.01

0.01 0.01 0.01

0.02 0.02 0.02

0.01 0.01 0.01

0.01 0.01 0.01

0.02 0.02 0.02

0.01 0.01 0.01

0.02 0.02 0.02

0.01 0.01 0.01

1.09 1.09 1.21 5.51

3.37 3.41 3.47

21.12

1.80 1.83 1.36 13.73

0.94 0.95 1.04 7.59

0.72 0.72 0.77 9.49

2.48 2.51 2.65

it.fla

1.76 1.76 1.91

1.27 1.27 1.43

1A 11

CALORIFIC VALUE

OXY6EN BTU/LB KCAL/KG

n OT ______. Oi

J.J..V/

HT*l.72

12.20

*tO

10.00

11.92 10.73

9 7S ______,,J3

17.33 10.07

7.WB

Ha10.56

«; 47 J.T/

10.20 58 9.44 58 5.11 61 576

11.19 244 11.18 244 4.81 264

£« lit!

i*T.*tU

14.43 5.35

32 32 34

315

135 135 146

1,302

30

Appendix II (continued). Proxiaate and ultnate analyses and calorific values determinations for 60 coal saioles frois Punjab, Pakistan.

SAHPLE NUilBER

HN-7

NN-8

flN-9

NM-JV-1

NH-HAH-2

P-KB-6B

P-KC-12

PJ-FCP-i

PROXIMATE ANALYSI

VOLATILE MOISTURE ASH NATTER

3.77 7.85

3.81 5.03

2.43 5.92

7.48 6.92

10.48 9.46

9.05 10.05

11.15 12.09

8.10 7.78

81.92 32.75 89.30

89.50 88.37 93.05

93.60 90.25 95.93

44.82 45.27 48.63

18.43 18.64 20.59

21.56 21.32 23.70

14.96 14.80 16.84

16.46 16.52 17.91

9.26 9.36 10.15 99.49

6.68 6.59 6.94

99.85

3.92 3.78 4.02

98.77

26.11 26.38 28.34 55.16

32.89 33.27 36.75 46.27

32.23 31.87 35.44 46.44

34.58 34.21 38.92 46.80

38.00 38.13 41.355ft 7.7

s

FIXED CARBON

0.05 0.04 0.05 0.51

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.15

0.05 0.05 0.05 1.23

21.23 21.43 23.03 44.84

38.20 38.63 42.66C7 77 if\j . ( 0

37.16 36.76 40.86 53.56

39.31 38.90 44.24 53.20

37.44 37.57 40.7440 iT

ULTIMATE ANALYSIS

CARBON HYDRQBEN NITROBEN CHLORINE SULFUR

1.33 1.34 1.46

0.49 0.48 0.51

0.26 0.25 0.27

30.74 31.05 33.36

51.13 51.71 57.12

51.09 50.53 56.18

54.99 54.41 61.39

54.39 54.58 59.18

1.34 1.75 0.94

1.05 1.18 0.65

0.51 0.90 0.25

3.61 3.54 2.97

5.05 4.98 4.33

4.76 4.83 4.12

5.32 5.38 4.58

5.08 5.06 4.54

0.04 0.04 0.04

0.01 0.01 0.01

0.03 0.03 0.03

0.63 0.63 0.68

1.05 1.07 1.18

0.97 0.96 1.06

1.05 1.04 1.18

1.17 1.18 1.27

0.01 0.01 0.01

0.02 0.02 0.02

0.02 0.02 0.02

0.02 0.02 0.02

0.02 0.02 0.02

0.03 0.03 0.03

0.02 0.02 0.02

0.02 0.02 0.02

2.27 2.30 2.49

24.42

2.34 2.31 2.44

35.03

0.80 0.77 0.82

20.20

7.23 7.30 7.85 15.28

9.54 9.65

10.66 13.42

7.39 7.31 8.13 10.65

4.58 4.53 5.16 6.20

8.88 8.91 9.66

11 77

OXY6EN

12.59 11.81 5.26

6.59 7.63 3.32

4.78 7.78 2.68

12.95 12.19 6.49

14.78 13.93 6.10

14.20 15.02 6.78

19.08 19.82 10.33

14.00 13.73 7.42

CALORIFIC VALUE

BTU/LB KCAL/KB

5,703 5,760 6,189 12,048

9,608 9,717 10,733 13,515

9,443 9,339 10,383 13,608

10,010 9,904 11,266 13,547

10,418 10,454 11,33617 QflfJ

3,171 3,203 3,441 6,699

5,342 5,403 5,967 7,514

5,250 5,192 5,773 7,566

5,566 5,507 6,264 7,532

5,792 5,812 6,3037 A70

31

Appendix II (continued). Proxiaate and ultiaate analyses and calorific values determinations for 60 coal saaples froa Punjab, Pakistan.

PRQXIHATE ANALYSIS ULTIHATE ANALYSIS CALORIFIC VALUE

SAMPLE NUHBER

PJ-PCP-2A

PJ-PCP-2B

TSD-7-1

HQISTURi

7.708.95

6.775.75

7.539.11

I: ASH

34.1033.64T.A 91JO. IT

26.2126.49in 111.0 11

15.0714.8116.30_____

/QLATILE HATTER

27.2426.8779 <ii*./ tJi

46.81

33.6934.0536.1350.26

40.8440.1414 i iTT.10

11 7i

FIXED CARBON

30.9630.5433.55^T 10Ju. if

33.3333.7135.7649.74

36.5635.94TO CJI59.5417 01

CARBON i

44.0243.4347.70

49.0549.59CT L\9. .01

58.0957.10A? Q?O-.O-

iYDROSEN

4.114.203 C*5.52

4.634.564 11t. i j

5.485.58 i 02Jl V

NITRQ6EN

0.890.880.97

1.051.061.13

1.091.071 191.13

CHLORINE

0.040.040.04

0.020.020.02

0.040.040.04

: SULFUR

3.163.123 ji.42«i *TJ.tO

6.826.897.3110.17

4.904.825.30t TT

OXYSEN

13.6814.697.41

12.2211.396.67

15.3316.589 "U7. Jf

BTU/LB

3,0017,8938 LLQ,007

13,748

9,1229,221Q 7fll7,/QT

13,610

10,83010,64511,712IT 00«J

KCAL/KS

4,4494,3884 0Oft,0_V

7,644

5,0725,127<; 440 JjttV

7,567

6,0215,917k 5190,i}l£

7 7Qft

Appendix III. Foras-of-sulfur, free-swelling- and hardgrove-Srindaoiiuy-index, and asn-fusion-tefioeraiure deterainations for 50 coal and carbonaceous shale saiples froa Punjab, Pakistan.

[Ail analyses except free-swelling- and Hardgrove-Sirndabiiity-indices, and ash-fusion teaperatures in percent. For eacn saipie nuaber, the analyses are reported to four bases: first, equiiibriua aoisture basis; second, as-received basis; third, moisture-free basis; and fourth, aoisture- and ash-free basis. All analyses by coaaerciai testing laboratories following ASTH (1986) standards. Dashed line = not analyzed.]

SAMPLE NUMBER

35-3DT-001

85-SKA-003

85-SPR-002

85HI6104

85HI6105

85HI6109

gcurgi 1 iQunlQiii

FORKS OF SULFUR HARDSRQVE SIRNBftBILITY

FREE INDEX PYRITIC SULFftTE QR6ANIC SBELLIN6 (ft! I

INDEX HQISTURE)

1.67i.892.24

5.676.637.89

7.217.949.97

2.542.733.19

0.901.011.47

3.593.994.52

2.442.566.21

0.050.050.06

0.200.230.27

0.150.160.20

0.160.180.21

0.470.530.77

0.450.500.57

0.180.190.46

0.99 0.5 461.111.32

1.15 0.5 531.351.61

1.26 1.0 501.3?1.75

2.18 0.52.352.76

1.10 0.01.201.74

0.76 0.00.840.95

0.23 0.00.240.59

ASH FUSION TEHPERATURE, °F

INITIAL HEHISPHER- DEFQRHATIQN 3QFTENIN6 ICAL FLUID

2160 2200 2500 2270

2120 2160 2520 2190

2120 2160 2370 2190

2040 2100 2200

2800* 2800* 2800+

1960 . 2030 - 2070 -

2800+ 2800+ 2800+

33

Appendix III (continued). Foras-of-sulfur, frse-sweilinq- ana Hardgrovs-Srindabiiity-indsx, and ash-fusion- tsiperature detsriinations for 60 coal and carbonaceous shale sasspies froe Punjab, Pakistan.

SAMPLE NUMBER

85HIB116

86-TGH-i

Qi-TCM-voo Ion L

86-T6M-3

86-T6H-4

QL_TCM-700 IDn /

86-T6M-8

86-T6H-9

FORMS OF SULFUR HARD6RQVE BIRNDflBIHTY

FREE INDEX PYRITIC SULFATE ORGANIC SHELLIN6 (AT I

INDEX MOISTURE)

2.332.462.79

2.893.174.70

3.59 3.807.04

0.951.002.50

3.513.906.66

1.28 1.383.08

9.769.28

31.95

0.720.771.56

0.110.120.14

0.120.130.19

0.07 0.080.15

0.090.100.25

0.200.220.38

0.20 0.220.49

0.360.381.31

0.090.100.20

0.52 0.50.540.61

0.62 0.00.691.03

1.16 0.0 1.222.26

0.61 0.00.641.61

1.80 0.02.003.41

0.65 0.0 0.691.55

0.00 0.00.000.00

1.35 0.01.472.97

ASH FUSION TEMPERATURE, °F

INITIAL HEMISPHER- DEFGRMATIQN SQFTENIN6 ICAL FLUID

1980 2060 2190

2600 2700 - 2730

2610 2790 2800+

2800+ 2800+ 2800+

2720 2800+ 2800+

2600 2660 - 2720

2370 2430 2510'

2800+ 2800+ 2800+

34

Appendix III (continued). Foras-of-suifur, free-swelling- and Hardgrove-6rindability-index, and asn-fusion- teiperature determinations for 60 coal and carbonaceous shale saapies froa Punjab. Pakistan.

SAMPLE NUMBER

ARA-DD-6

ARA-HC-5

ARA-MN-19

ARA-TC-6

ARR-HH-RT-A

ARR-HH-RT-B

ARR-JV-7

CB-KC-3A

FORHS OF SULFUR

PYRITIC SULFATE QRBANIC

2.963.C83.356.27

1.261.261.342.30

0.050.050.050.07

4.154.214.576.28

9.479.81

10.6913.52

4.934.925.297.40

3.503.483.854.93

3.803.794.026.05

0.410.420.460.36

0.060.060.060.11

0.110.110.130.17

0.230.230.250.34

0.180.180.190.25

0.140.140.150.21

0.280.280.310.39

0.110.110.110.17

1.121.171.282.38

1.571.571.672.87

3.923.894.535.89

1.901.942.102.89

1.201.211.311.65

0.860.380.941.32

1.241.231.361.75

0.270.260.290.43

HARD8RQVE 6IRNDABILITY

FREE INDEX SHELLINB (AT X INDEX HOISTURE)

0.0 70(4.28)

0.0 47(2.18)

0.0 51(7.52)

0.0 46(3.80)

0.0 49(2.39)

0.0 47(2.09)

0.0 54- (2.40)

0.0 36(1.79)


INITIAL HEHISPHER- DEFORHATIQN SOFTENIN6 ICAL FLUID

2410 2530 2700 2700

2650 2700 2700 2700

2450 2560 2580 2700

2100 2180 2220 2460

2000 2090 2100 2200

2000 2270 2350 2380

2500 2510 2520 2580-

2140 2410 2470 2500

35

Appendix III (continued). Foras-of-sulfur, free-swelling- and Hardgrove-6rindafaility-index, and ash-fusion- teaperature determinations for 60 coal and carbonaceous shale saaples froa Punjab, Pakistan.

SAHPLE NUMBER

C8-KC-3B

CD-DL-4

C6AS-HCC-3

DANDQT-CA-2

DANDQT-KC-6

DANDQT-PJ-H1

DANDGT-PJ-P6-1

DANDOT-SP-6

FORMS OF SULFUR

FREE PYRITIC SULFATE QR6ANIC SWELLING

INDEX

4.774.795.296.46

2.37i "** i.*ij\i2.633.35

9.429.5310.3217.47

1.441.471.582.14

2.982.963.294.34

0.950.951.071.26

4.034.094.466.06

4.564.615.076.33

0.140.140.150.19

0.050.050.050.07

0.180.180.190.33

0.070.070.070.10

0.080.070.080.11

0.070.070.070.09

0.120.130.140.19

0.210.210.230.29

0.570.57 0.00.640.77

0.440.43 0.00.480.61

1.311.33 0.01.442.44

1.751.77 0.01.92 .2.60

1.131.13 0.01.251.65

1.071.06 0.01.211.42

1.331.34 0.01.462.00

1.081.10 0.01.211.51

HARD6ROVE ASH FUSION TEMPERATURE, °F 6IRNDABILITY

INDEX INITIAL HEMISPHER- (AT 1 DEFORMATION SQFTENIN6 ICftL FLUID

MOISTURE)

47 1960 2040 2120 2380(2.92)

50 2120 2480 2530 2610(2.86)

61 2030 2270 2370 2410(2.09)

51 2700 2700 2700 2700(3.825

51 2340 2440 2460 2510(3.71)

71 2170 2420 2540 2630(5.56)

53 2100 2280 2350 2410 '(4.84)

53 2000 2230 2330 2480(4.33)

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Aopendix III {continued). Foras-of-suifur, free-swelling- ana Hardgrcve-Srinaafaility-index, ano ash-fusion- teioerature determinations for 60 coal and carbonaceous shale saaplss froa Punjab, Pakistan.

3AHPLE NUHBER

KB-CYS-i

N-SAL-1

HH-1

HM-10

RH-11

MH-2

HM-3

HN-4

FQ

PYRITIC

9.819.5111.4416.40

7.447.498.069.81

0.890.890.994.52

3.123.153.2119.52

1.721.741.77

13.07

0.870.880.977.06

0.670.680.728.86

2.342.362.49

23.44

RP1S QF SULF

311LFATE

0.160.160.190.27

0.070.070.070.09

0.050.050.050.24

0.160.160.160.98

0.080.080.080.59

0.040.040.040.30

0.040.040.040.51

0.070.070.070.67

UR

ORGANIC

1.771.702.052.95

0.930.941.021.23

0.150.150.170.75

0.090.100.100.62

0.000.010.010.07

0.030.030.030.23

0.010.000.010.12

0.070.080.090.77

HftRBBROVE 6IRNDABILITY

FREE INDEX SWELLING (AT I INDEX MOISTURE)

0.0 65(4.25)

0.0 45(1.38)

0.0 111(3.81)

0.0 59(0.87)

0.0 63(0.69)

0.0 69(3.82)

0.0 64(2.71)

0.0 75(2.08)

ASH FUSION TEHPERATURE, °F

INITIAL HEHISPHER- DEFQRHATION SOFTENING ICAL FLUID

2010 2050 2060 2360

2050 2060 2070 2150

2060 2100 2110 2170

2590 2700 2700 2700

2630 2700 2700 2700

2140 2210 2300 2560

2330 2360 2500 2570"

2310 2370 2550 2610

38

Appendix III (continued), Foras-of-sulfur, free-swelling- and Hardqrove-6rindability-index, and ash-fusion- teaperature determinations for 60 coal and carbonaceous shale saiples froi Punjab, Pakistan.

SAHPLE NUMBER

HM-5

HH-6

HN-7

MN-8

NN-9

NW-JV-i

NW-HAH-2

P-KB-6B

FORMS QF SULFUR HARD6RQVE GIRNDftBILITY

FREE INDEX PYRITIC SULFATE ORGANIC SWELLING (AT 7,

INDEX MOISTURE)

1.65i.651.79

15.85

1.231.231.3B

15.51

1.781.801.95

19.15

2.142.112.22

31.98

0.710.690.7317.98

5.995.956.3912.45

8.318.419.2811.96

6.206.136.828.94

0.050.050.050.46

0.030.030.030.36

0.030.030.030.30

0.180.180.192.76

0.080.080.081.97

0.260.260.280.55

0.260.260.290.36

0.120.120.130.17

0.060.06 O.C 1100.07 (2.57)0.63

0.010.01 0.0 910.02 (5.61)0.24

0.460.47 0.0 780.51 (3.28)4.97

0.020.02 0.0 890.03 (1.03)0.29

0.010.00 0.00.010.25

1.081.09 0.0 511.18 (1.61)2.28

0.970.98 0.0 501.09 (2.41)1.37

1.071.06 0.0 531.18 (2.33)1.54


INITIAL HEMISPHER- DEFQRMATION SOFTENING ICAL FLUID

2180 2310 2450 2660

2080 2260 2350 2530

2160 2220 2340 2560

2630 2700 2700 2700

2700 2700 2700 2700

2390 2460 2510 2640

2020 2050 2060 2120 *

1980 1990 2000 2380

39

Appendix III (continued). Foras-of-suifur, free-swelling- and Hardqrove-Grindability-inoex, and ash-fusiDn- teiperature deteriinations for 60 coal and carbonaceous shale samples froa Punjab, Pakistan.

SAMPLE NUMBER

P-KC-12

PJ-PCP-i

PJ-PCP-2A

PJ-PCP-2B

TSD-7-i

FORMS OF SULFUR

PYRITIC SULFATE ORGANIC

4.134.094.655.60

7.988.008.6810.57

2.782.743.014.77

5.905.966.338.80

4.264.194.615.51

0.100.10O.li0.14

0.160.160.170.21

0.040.040.040.06

0.150.150.160.23

0.050.050.050.06

0.350.340.400.46

0.740.750.310.99

0.340.340.370.60

0.770.780.821.14

0.590.580.640.76

HARDBRQVE GIRNDABILm

FREE INDEX SWELLING (AT I INDEX MOISTURE)

0.0 49(2.44)

0.0 44(1.95)

0.0 58(1.88)

0.0 44(1.39)

0.0


INITIAL HEHISPHER- DEFQRMATION SOFTENING ICAL FLUID

1950 2200 2340 2550

2040 2060 2070 2120

2640 2690 2700 2700

1930 2030 2150 2350

1960 1990 2050 2280

40

Table IV. ftajor-, unor-, and trace-eieaent coaposition of selected coal ano carbonaceous snaie saaoies fras. Punjab, Pakistan, reported on a whole-coal basis,

[Values in percent or parts-per-aillion. 22 eieaents are froa deteriinations on whole-coal: ail other elesents calculateo froa analyses of ash. L aeans less than the value shown; H, interference for an eleaent which cannot be resolved by any routine aethod; S, greater than; S, after eieient title indicates deterainations by autoiatic plate reading coiputer assisted, esission spectrographic analyses. For elements by eaission spectrographic analysis, the standard deviation of any answer should be taken as plus 502 and rainus 35%. Saiple nuiber is field nuaber. Analytical procedures after Bolightly and Sisson, 1989.]

SAMPLE NUMBER

85-SDT-001 85-SKA-003 85-SPR-002 85MI6104 85MI6105 85M1S109 85MIS111 85MIS116 86-T6M-1 86-TSM-2 86-TSM-3 86-TSM-4 86-T6H-7 86-TSM-886-TSM-9

SAMPLE NUMBER

85-5DT-001 85-SKA-00385-SPR-00285MIG10485HIS10585MIS10985MIS11185HIB11686-TSM-l86-T6M-286-TSM-386-TSM-486-T8M-786-TBH-886-TGH-9

Si(7.)

3.0 1.4 2.3 2.4 7.4 1.2

14 1.3 7.5

11 16 15 19 1721

Ag-S PPM

0.097 .12.17.044.45.053.16.034.082.095.11.072

1.3.18.23L

Al (7.)

1.6 .83

1.0 2.0 4.5 1.1 9.5 1.3 4.8 6.5 9.3 2.1 3.8 8.01.4

AsPPM

5.2 7.9

274.04.413132.06.7

108.4

135.4

301.4

Ca(I)

0.28 .21 .13 .18 .14 .16 .24 .23 .16 .21 .18 .15 .17 .31.19

B-S

PPM

110 10013089

19068

14071

160110130no17077

110

ng (1}

0.12 .07: .05! .05, .16.03;.27 ,03' .08! .11 .12 .04' .06' .14.03'

Ba-5 PPM

20 5.7

3417422.7

1001535648313L656616L

Na (I)

o.o:3 .0. B .0' 6 .0'

.Oi3 ,o;

.1;? ,0- 5 .0;

.0;

.0; » .0' I .0!

.0<? .0'

Be-S PPM

4.8 3.55.61.65.75.13.35.65.32.31.91.57.52.91.5

i (1

29 0. 10 12 16 69 73 3 10 58 11n10 54 b319

BrPPM

1.2 1.21.03.57.37.02.82.59.34.23.47.06.13.8

13

; F ;) (i

079 2. 044 5. 10 6. 13 2. 37 1. 015 3. 48 3. 053 2. 20 3. 36 3. 35 1. 10 3. 19 1. 30 9.034

Cd PPM

0.11 .070.13.057.21.23.12.18.063.091.12L.080L.11.14L.098L

reM

,1

5,8 6 j 81 ^1 6 4 2 6 172

Ce PPM

28 14182.5

131.3

453.8

1331455.2

30535.1

Ti (X)

0.44 .13 .16 .16 .43 .050

1.3 .15 .56

1.1 1.6 .46

2.3 1.0.32

Cl PPM

100L 100L100L100L100L120100L100L100L100L100L100L100L100L100L

Co PPM

7.6 5.23.30.443.31.6

16.10

2.24.03.53.61.39.2.58

Cr PPM

39 14203.7

172.2

724.0

2355789.9

60919.7

C5

PPM

0.24 .301.47.08.50.03L

1.0.03.20,77

1.1.13,34.69.10L

41

Table IV, (continued) Major-, uncr-, ana tracs-glssent composition of coal and carbonaceous shais saaples frois Punjab, Pakistan, reported on a whole-coal basis.

SAMPLENUMBER

35-SDT-Q0185-SKA-00385-SPR-00285MIB10485MIB10585MIB10935MI611185HI611686-TSH-i86-TBH-286-TBH-386-TBH-486-TBH-786-T6H-886-TBM-9

SAMPLE NUMBER

85-SDT-001 85-SKA-003 85-SPR-00285MIB10485HI610585HI610985HI611185MIB11686-T6H-186-T6H-286-T6H-386-TBH-486-TBH-786-TBH-886-T6H-9

CuPPM

189.86.08.3

1015242113191511223026

Mn PPM

32 22 3326361542142036442770

10069

EuPPM

0.82.40.53.05.26.06.67.12.24.50.67.14.58.74.15

Mo-S PPH

10 H H

115.79.44.92.45.36.44.2

214.8

206.9

FPPM

5040403020L20L20L20L20L20L10020L20L4020L

Nb-S PPH

6.9 4.5 7.1

5.48.43.1

303.416344125913529

Sa-

PPM

17 L-J

1

157

35102126301

15215

5

HH.3

.8

.8

.4

Hd-S PPH

20 111810179.2

5019223919L1317L22L18

6e-S

PPM

17

15246.3

22256.47.0

203.42.7L2.74.83.2L2.3L

Ni-S PPH

4117 18112334695.7

2231322112543.8

HfPPM

3.0 0,73

1.10.14 01.2.06

6.3.17

1.65.17.93.6

137.66.5

P PPH

8.7L 4.4L8.7L

310L140L380L92

380L140L96L74

110L83L

10087L

HgPPM

.005L

.005L

.005L

.005L

.005L,030.10.030.070.010.020,060.010.030.010

Pb PPH

15 15 165.68.4

17283.5

1618149.68.6

2826

LaPPM

116.48.61.57.7.4'

301.97.6

20292.2

19332.1

1

Pr-S PPH

15L 18L 14L1.22.0L1.53.9L2.62.1L3.16.52.7L

104.8L3.3L

LiPPM

246.09.6

307532

2201997

11014022517725

Rb PPH

60L 60L SOL5.7L

12L4.5L

29L3.5L13L12183.8L

16L159.31

LuPPM

0.35.23.26.02.12,02.38.04,12.22.35.10,48.43.15

Sb PPH

0.42 .25 .28.29.26.33.76.14.29.51

' ,491.1.45

5.6.15

42

Table IV. (continued) Major-, amor-, and trace-eleaent coaposition of coal and carbonaceous shale s aides froi Punjab, Pakistan, reported on a whole-coal basis.

SAHPLENUMBER

85-SDT-00185-SKft-00385-SPR-00285HI610435HIB10585HIB10985HI611185HIS11686-TBH-l86-T6H-286-TBH-386-TSH-486-TSH-786-T6H-886-T6H-9

SAHPLE NUMBER

85-SDT-00185-SKA-00385-SPR-00285HI810485HI610585HI610985HI811185HI8U686-TSH-l86-T6H-286-TBH-386-TBH-485-T6H-785-TBH-885-TBH-9

5cPPH

6.93.34.8.65

2.9.69

101.03.17.1

111.37.28.31.2

H PPH

1.7.49.60.86

2.0.81

3.6.49

1.72.73.61.33.72.61.1

5ePPH

181514157.2

13288.3

142513237.8

167.4

v-sPPH

1411158.71616212318222516462021

5aPPH

3.71.72.5.22

1.3.25

3.6.53

1.32.73.6.69

2.93.9.71

Yb PPH

1.8i.i1.6.08.73.14

2.3.25.71

1.52.4.85

3.02.5.93

In PPH

11038543024

2302811021302192372010

Sn-5PPH

7.6HH

3.73.04.7

133.56.39.59.52.65.3

132.3

Zr-S PPH

953531418434

22033

120240390390910310

3,110

Sr-SPPH

3501301809013080

1902501201701709217020083

TaPPH

1.2.31.45.40

1.2.17

3.3.45

1,52.63.71.34.62.81.1

TbPPH

0.57.31.40.029.22.045.48.090.19.34.49.13.48.43.14

ThPPH

6.42.43.53.57.53.4

215.6

1319194.4

16204.5

UPPH

2.7.76

2.01.54.7.88

5.12.93.64.85.1

146.08.82.2

V-5PPH

5718312445351405091

10014052978407 *.;

*

43

Table IV. (continued) Major-, amor-, and trace-eieaent opposition of coal ana carbonaceous 5haie saapies iroi Punjab, Pakistan, reported on a *hoie-coai basis.

SAMPLE NUMBER

ARR-HM-RT-AARR-HH-RT-BARR-JV-7CB-KC-3ACB-KC-3BCD-DL-4

CSAS-HCC-3DSD-13-2DSD-14-3

DSD-15-4 3SD-16-5

JT-MDM-5BKK-SH-8AKK-6H-BBKH-CYS-iM-5AL-1NH-JV-iNH-MAH-2P-KB-6BP-KC-12PJ-PCP-1

PJ-PCP-2APJ-PCP-2BTSD-7-i

As PPM

6.6i i'j2.86.2

191138129.49.6

132.92.76.18.3

3041672019335

3525

Ce PPM

356628

100313163483525 34392114036197240111417324321

Co PPM

2.74.32.85.13.2

102012157.4 9.31.75

129.3

12269.32.53.42.94.4

1110

Cr PPM

17642757294069695363 37572011023299632232324484826

Cs PPM

.1CL

.31

.1011.3.32.49

1.51.2.76.68 .58.38.23

1.6.54.35

1.8.29.11.4.37.35.86.21

Eu PPM

.761.4.61

2.1.86

11.21.83.63 .82

1.48

2.61.1.79

1.4i.i.32.49.65.56

1.2.92

Hf PPM

.83.93.24.61.43.145.52.74 3.28.11.23.51.415.31.43.91.2.69

7.94.21.4

La PPM

16331653161933292118 18221

69198.1

391968.37.9

21229.5

LuPHH

.18

.39T li

.62

.25

.37,34.46.3.27 .31.48.07L.6.28.44.43.28.23.22.24.34.52.37

RbPPM

30L40L31L60L41L60L40L40L40LSOL 40L30L80L40L30LSOL40L40L40L40L40L40L40L40L

Sb PPM

.26TIijiT

.42

.41

.5

.44

.35

.2977 tjj

.2

.55

.15

.33

.41

.48

.93

.66

.25

.35

.32

.25

.32

.28

5c PPM

4.2174.3

157.28.4

12139.89.3 88.23.5

213.56.3

185.32.63.94.95.2

106.5

Se PPM

9.4118.56.37.1

1311111115 9

25116.9

126.2

115.5

11109.64.98.77.7

Si PPM

4.17.33.4

114.44.86.35.24.13.2 4.25.42.5

143.63.37.15.11.42.22.83.55.54.2

Tb PPM

.45

.91

.431.4.65.81.77.81.66.52 .58.8i-j

1.5.54.68.93.75.31.38.55.59.93.72

Th PPM

2.1114.2

124.96.3

11127.79.3 7.3

173.2

133.63

143.43.23.52.78.28.54

'?b

PPM

1 7i i-jT j

1.74.42.32.62.52.72.32.2 2.23.4.79

4.91.82.73.42.51.61.62.32.93.72.5

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U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ... · chemical and physical characteristics of coal and carbonaceous shale samples from the salt range coal field, punjab province, pakistan