The Bureaucracy
The BureaucracyGovernment in The Shadows What Is ItThe Agencies That Perform Government Services
Services Are Performed to Carry Out Public Policy Established By Congress and the PresidentPublic Policy is Established in Conformance With Public LawCharacteristics of the BureaucracyHierarchical Authority
Job Specialization
Formalized Rules
HierarchyDirector4Federal EmploymentCivilians 2,500,000
Military 2,250,000Types of Federal AgenciesCabinet Departments (15)- Note Figure 13-2 on Page 436Independent Agencies Regulatory AgenciesGovernment CorporationsPresidential Commissions
Examples of Cabinet DepartmentsStateInteriorDefenseCommerceExamples of Independent AgenciesNASAPostal ServiceCIAExamples of Regulatory AgenciesSecurities and Exchange Commission
Environmental Protection Agency
Food and Drug Administration
Examples of Government CorporationsFederal Deposit insurance Corporation
Tennessee Valley Authority
Amtrak
Size ComparisonThe Federal Civilian Bureaucracy is Smaller on a Proportionate Basis than the Smallest State Bureaucracy
There are Far More State and Local Employees in the U. S. Than Federal EmployeesThe Nature of Federal Employment
Merit Based Jobs are Classified Based on Training, Education, And Experience RequirementsEach Job is Assigned a GS Rating
Goal of HiringNEUTRAL COMPETENCEAgencies and BudgetsAgency Requests
Office of Management and Budget (Presidents) Recommendations
Congressional Action
The Agency Point of View and Bureaucratic PowerExpertise
Clientele Groups
Political AlliancesInternal ControlsSenior Executive Service
Administrative Law Judges
Whistleblowing
Internal Program and Financial AuditsAccountabilityPresidency-Appointments, Reorganization, Budgets, Legislative ProposalsCongress-Oversight, Budget Review and PassageCourtsPress and The Public
In The EndGovernment Bureaucracies Are EssentialThe Real Issue is EffectivenessEffectiveness Incorporates Both Efficiency and Outcome