The Bureaucracy

The BureaucracyGovernment in The Shadows What Is ItThe Agencies That Perform Government Services

Services Are Performed to Carry Out Public Policy Established By Congress and the PresidentPublic Policy is Established in Conformance With Public LawCharacteristics of the BureaucracyHierarchical Authority

Job Specialization

Formalized Rules

HierarchyDirector4Federal EmploymentCivilians 2,500,000

Military 2,250,000Types of Federal AgenciesCabinet Departments (15)- Note Figure 13-2 on Page 436Independent Agencies Regulatory AgenciesGovernment CorporationsPresidential Commissions

Examples of Cabinet DepartmentsStateInteriorDefenseCommerceExamples of Independent AgenciesNASAPostal ServiceCIAExamples of Regulatory AgenciesSecurities and Exchange Commission

Environmental Protection Agency

Food and Drug Administration

Examples of Government CorporationsFederal Deposit insurance Corporation

Tennessee Valley Authority

Amtrak

Size ComparisonThe Federal Civilian Bureaucracy is Smaller on a Proportionate Basis than the Smallest State Bureaucracy

There are Far More State and Local Employees in the U. S. Than Federal EmployeesThe Nature of Federal Employment

Merit Based Jobs are Classified Based on Training, Education, And Experience RequirementsEach Job is Assigned a GS Rating

Goal of HiringNEUTRAL COMPETENCEAgencies and BudgetsAgency Requests

Office of Management and Budget (Presidents) Recommendations

Congressional Action

The Agency Point of View and Bureaucratic PowerExpertise

Clientele Groups

Political AlliancesInternal ControlsSenior Executive Service

Administrative Law Judges

Whistleblowing

Internal Program and Financial AuditsAccountabilityPresidency-Appointments, Reorganization, Budgets, Legislative ProposalsCongress-Oversight, Budget Review and PassageCourtsPress and The Public

In The EndGovernment Bureaucracies Are EssentialThe Real Issue is EffectivenessEffectiveness Incorporates Both Efficiency and Outcome