MAJOR ERAS IN TEXAS MAJOR ERAS IN TEXAS HISTORYHISTORY
WHY DO HISTORIANS DIVIDE THE WHY DO HISTORIANS DIVIDE THE PAST INTO ERAS?PAST INTO ERAS?
Historians divide the past into eras Historians divide the past into eras so it is easier to identify cause and so it is easier to identify cause and effect of the great events/people in effect of the great events/people in history.history.
WHY HISTORIANS DIVIDE WHY HISTORIANS DIVIDE THE PAST INTO ERASTHE PAST INTO ERAS
History is divided History is divided into eras so it is into eras so it is easier to identify easier to identify cause and effect of cause and effect of the great the great events/people in events/people in historyhistory
Texas in the Great Texas in the Great Depression and World War Depression and World War
II II Great DepressionGreat Depression
Boom and Bust Cycle of cotton and agricultureBoom and Bust Cycle of cotton and agriculture New Deal ProgramsNew Deal Programs Dust BowlDust Bowl Sam RayburnSam Rayburn Relieved by World War IIRelieved by World War II
World War IIWorld War II RationingRationing Military InstallationsMilitary Installations
Internment campsInternment camps Economy improves in TexasEconomy improves in Texas Large number of Texans, men and women serve in the Large number of Texans, men and women serve in the
militarymilitary Industries grow – oil and gas and agricultureIndustries grow – oil and gas and agriculture
Texas in the Great Texas in the Great Depression and World War Depression and World War
II II 1929-1939 – The 1929-1939 – The
Great DepressionGreat Depression 1932-1941 – Dust 1932-1941 – Dust
BowlBowl 1941-1945 – World 1941-1945 – World
War IIWar II
IMPACT OF “BOOM AND IMPACT OF “BOOM AND BUST” BUST”
Great Depression through Great Depression through World War IIWorld War II
Due to overproduction of Due to overproduction of agricultural products and the agricultural products and the Stock Market Crash prices Stock Market Crash prices droppeddropped
Dust Bowl (bad agricultural Dust Bowl (bad agricultural practices and droughts led to practices and droughts led to a decade of poverty and a decade of poverty and disillusionmentdisillusionment
Businesses began to close Businesses began to close and Texans lost their jobs.and Texans lost their jobs.
The demand for agricultural The demand for agricultural products was not as high as products was not as high as the supply, causing farmers the supply, causing farmers to lose their farmsto lose their farms
World War II increased the World War II increased the demand for agricultural demand for agricultural products.products.
IMPACT OF “BOOM AND IMPACT OF “BOOM AND BUST” BUST”
World War II to World War II to PresentPresent
Agricultural Agricultural became more became more commercial and commercial and less small farmsless small farms
Prices have Prices have fluctuated due to fluctuated due to weather, supply weather, supply and demandand demand
POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF MAJOR EVENTS ON THE IMPACT OF MAJOR EVENTS ON THE
HISTORY OF TEXASHISTORY OF TEXAS Great Depression- Political Great Depression- Political
ImpactImpact New Deal programs to provide New Deal programs to provide
relief – Civilian Conservation relief – Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Public Works Corps (CCC), Public Works Administration (PWA) and Works Administration (PWA) and Works Progress Administration (WPA)Progress Administration (WPA)
John Nance Garner from Uvalde John Nance Garner from Uvalde was Vice President under was Vice President under Franklin Roosevelt (1933-1941)Franklin Roosevelt (1933-1941)
Sam Rayburn was the Speaker of Sam Rayburn was the Speaker of the House (U.S. House of the House (U.S. House of Representatives) and pushed for Representatives) and pushed for regulatory legislation that would regulatory legislation that would protect the public interest. He protect the public interest. He served longer than any other served longer than any other legislator as Speaker of the legislator as Speaker of the HouseHouse
Miriam “Ma” Ferguson and W. Miriam “Ma” Ferguson and W. Lee “Pappy” O’Daniel were Lee “Pappy” O’Daniel were governors during the Depressiongovernors during the Depression
POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF MAJOR EVENTS ON THE IMPACT OF MAJOR EVENTS ON THE
HISTORY OF TEXASHISTORY OF TEXAS
Great Depression- Great Depression- Economic impactEconomic impact
Texas agricultural industry Texas agricultural industry suffered because of the suffered because of the Dust BowlDust Bowl
Funding for education and Funding for education and government services were government services were severely cutseverely cut
Prices for food and other Prices for food and other products fellproducts fell
Oil industry began to Oil industry began to increase due to demandincrease due to demand
New Deal programs New Deal programs employed over 100,000 employed over 100,000 Texans, built and repaired Texans, built and repaired bridges, dams, roads, and bridges, dams, roads, and parksparks
POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF MAJOR EVENTS ON THE IMPACT OF MAJOR EVENTS ON THE
HISTORY OF TEXASHISTORY OF TEXAS
Great Depression- Social impactGreat Depression- Social impact North Texans migrated to California hoping for workNorth Texans migrated to California hoping for work The social security system was establishedThe social security system was established Dust Bowl – Dust storms swept through the Great Plains causing erosion, Dust Bowl – Dust storms swept through the Great Plains causing erosion,
drought, and destruction of cropsdrought, and destruction of crops Texas celebrated its centennial the political, economic, and social impact Texas celebrated its centennial the political, economic, and social impact
of major events in the latter half of the 20th and early 21st centuries such of major events in the latter half of the 20th and early 21st centuries such as major conflicts, the emergence of a two-party system, political and as major conflicts, the emergence of a two-party system, political and economic controversies, immigration, and migrationeconomic controversies, immigration, and migration
POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF MAJOR EVENTS ON THE IMPACT OF MAJOR EVENTS ON THE
HISTORY OF TEXASHISTORY OF TEXAS World War II- Political World War II- Political
impactimpact Influential powersInfluential powers
Oveta Culp Hobby – Organized Oveta Culp Hobby – Organized Women’s Army CorpWomen’s Army Corp
Admiral Chester W. Nimitz – Admiral Chester W. Nimitz – Commander of Pacific FleetCommander of Pacific Fleet
Dwight Eisenhower – Allied Dwight Eisenhower – Allied CommanderCommander
Sam Rayburn – Speaker of the Sam Rayburn – Speaker of the House (supported financial House (supported financial support for the war effort)support for the war effort)
John Nance Garner – Vice John Nance Garner – Vice PresidentPresident
Major military bases and airfieldsMajor military bases and airfields Over 750,000 Texans served in Over 750,000 Texans served in
the warthe war Audie Murphy – Most decorated Audie Murphy – Most decorated
soldiersoldier Many Texans received the Medal Many Texans received the Medal
of Honorof Honor
POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF MAJOR EVENTS ON THE IMPACT OF MAJOR EVENTS ON THE
HISTORY OF TEXASHISTORY OF TEXAS
World War II- World War II- Economic impactEconomic impact
Improved Texas Improved Texas economyeconomy Oil and Gas industryOil and Gas industry LumberLumber AgricultureAgriculture CottonCotton Women joined the Women joined the
workforceworkforce
POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF MAJOR EVENTS ON THE IMPACT OF MAJOR EVENTS ON THE
HISTORY OF TEXASHISTORY OF TEXAS
World War II- World War II- Social Social impactimpact
Sacrificed on the home Sacrificed on the home frontfront
RationingRationing Migration to urban areasMigration to urban areas Desire of minorities to Desire of minorities to
be integrated because of be integrated because of their involvement in the their involvement in the war effortwar effort
Over 22,000 Texans died Over 22,000 Texans died in the warin the war
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND PATTERNS IN TEXAS DURING THE 19th PATTERNS IN TEXAS DURING THE 19th
AND 20th CENTURIESAND 20th CENTURIES Texas in the Great Texas in the Great
Depression and Depression and World War IIWorld War II Why did the Dust Why did the Dust
Bowl affect the Bowl affect the Panhandle more Panhandle more than other regions?than other regions?
Why were so many Why were so many military military installations located installations located in Texas?in Texas?
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND PATTERNS IN TEXAS DURING THE 19th PATTERNS IN TEXAS DURING THE 19th
AND 20th CENTURIESAND 20th CENTURIES Dust BowlDust Bowl The climate in the The climate in the
Panhandle is windy, hot, Panhandle is windy, hot, and dry during the and dry during the summer. Combined with summer. Combined with three years of drought three years of drought and lack of soil and lack of soil conservation, dust storms conservation, dust storms occurred destroying occurred destroying crops and causing Texans crops and causing Texans to migrate from the to migrate from the Panhandle and Texas. It Panhandle and Texas. It also caused a change in also caused a change in farming techniques and farming techniques and government policies.government policies.
WAYS TEXANS HAVE ADAPTED TO WAYS TEXANS HAVE ADAPTED TO AND MODIFIED THE AND MODIFIED THE
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT The Great DepressionThe Great Depression Soil Conservation – Soil Conservation –
Texans planted trees Texans planted trees and natural vegetation and natural vegetation in the Texas Panhandle in the Texas Panhandle to prevent erosion. The to prevent erosion. The result has been fewer result has been fewer sand storms and erosion sand storms and erosion of the land. Farming of the land. Farming techniques were techniques were changed and the use of changed and the use of irrigation systems was irrigation systems was developed.developed.
WAYS GEOGRAPHIC FACTORSWAYS GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS HAVE HAVE AFFECTED THE POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AFFECTED THE POLITICAL, ECONOMIC,
AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEXASAND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEXAS Political DevelopmentPolitical Development
New Deal Programs New Deal Programs developed methods to developed methods to prevent erosionprevent erosion
Economic DevelopmentEconomic Development Crop Prices droppedCrop Prices dropped Farms were lost to the Farms were lost to the
bankbank Population decreased in Population decreased in
Panhandle townsPanhandle towns Social DevelopmentSocial Development
Texans migrated to Texans migrated to California and other parts California and other parts of the nationof the nation
Implemented ways to stop Implemented ways to stop erosion – Planting Trees, erosion – Planting Trees, contour plowing, terracingcontour plowing, terracing
IMPACT OF ECONOMIC CONCEPTS WITHIN THE FREE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC CONCEPTS WITHIN THE FREE
ENTERPRISE SYSTEM ON THE ECONOMY OF TEXASENTERPRISE SYSTEM ON THE ECONOMY OF TEXAS Free enterprise system – Free enterprise system –
Type of economy where Type of economy where people own and run their people own and run their own businesses.own businesses.
Supply and demand – Supply Supply and demand – Supply is the amount of goods is the amount of goods available and demand is the available and demand is the desire to own something and desire to own something and the ability to pay for it.the ability to pay for it. The crash of the Stock The crash of the Stock
Market resulted in Market resulted in Americans not having Americans not having enough money to buy enough money to buy products. This event and the products. This event and the overproduction of overproduction of agriculture products and oil agriculture products and oil and gas led to a drop in and gas led to a drop in prices. All of these events led prices. All of these events led to the closure of businesses, to the closure of businesses, and loss of jobs and homes in and loss of jobs and homes in Texas.Texas.
IMPACT OF ECONOMIC CONCEPTS WITHIN THE FREE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC CONCEPTS WITHIN THE FREE
ENTERPRISE SYSTEM ON THE ECONOMY OF TEXASENTERPRISE SYSTEM ON THE ECONOMY OF TEXAS Profit – Profit is the degree to Profit – Profit is the degree to
which persons or which persons or organizations are better off organizations are better off financially at the end of a time financially at the end of a time period than they were at the period than they were at the beginning. The increase in beginning. The increase in material well-being is termed material well-being is termed profit. Profit is a motivational profit. Profit is a motivational force in capitalism and in free force in capitalism and in free enterprise. enterprise. Overproduction of Overproduction of
agricultural products like agricultural products like cotton and oil and gas led to a cotton and oil and gas led to a drop in prices which led to drop in prices which led to smaller profits or no profit. smaller profits or no profit. Without a profit, businesses Without a profit, businesses duringduring the Great Depression the Great Depression closed and workers lost their closed and workers lost their jobsjobs
IMPACT OF ECONOMIC CONCEPTS WITHIN THE FREE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC CONCEPTS WITHIN THE FREE
ENTERPRISE SYSTEM ON THE ECONOMY OF TEXASENTERPRISE SYSTEM ON THE ECONOMY OF TEXAS Government regulationGovernment regulation
New Deal Programs during New Deal Programs during the Great Depression the Great Depression created jobs that put created jobs that put Texans to work.Texans to work.
Works Progress Works Progress Administration (WPA), Administration (WPA), Public Works Public Works Administration (PWA), and Administration (PWA), and Civilian Conservation Corp Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) put people to work (CCC) put people to work building or improving building or improving public buildings such as public buildings such as schools, post offices, schools, post offices, hospitals, coliseums, parks, hospitals, coliseums, parks, swimming pools, and damsswimming pools, and dams
World competitionWorld competition Import/Export agricultural Import/Export agricultural
productsproducts Import/Export of oilImport/Export of oil
CONTRIBUTIONS OF CONTRIBUTIONS OF TEXAS LEADERS TEXAS LEADERS
John Nance Garner ("Cactus John Nance Garner ("Cactus Jack")Jack") Served as Vice President Served as Vice President
under Franklin Roosevelt under Franklin Roosevelt (1933-1941); he was Speaker (1933-1941); he was Speaker of the House of of the House of Representatives (1931-1933)Representatives (1931-1933)
Sam RayburnSam Rayburn As a longstanding member of As a longstanding member of
the U.S. House of the U.S. House of Representatives, Rayburn Representatives, Rayburn supported regulatory supported regulatory legislation such as the legislation such as the Securities and Exchange Securities and Exchange Commission and the Federal Commission and the Federal Communications Commission.Communications Commission.
Rayburn also pushed for Rayburn also pushed for building farm to market roads building farm to market roads and providing electricity to and providing electricity to rural areasrural areas