Your systems. Working as one.Your systems. Working as one.
Understanding the Internet of Things Protocols
DDS, MQTT, & AMQP
What is the Internet of Things?
© 2013 Real-Time Innovations (RTI)
But What does That Imply?
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What is the Internet of Things?
• Cisco “Internet of Everything”– …the latest wave of the Internet -- connecting physical objects…to
provide better safety, comfort, and efficiency• IBM “Internet of Things”
– …a completely new world-wide web, one comprised of the messages that digitally empowered devices would send to one another. It is the same Internet, but not the same Web.
• GE “Industrial Internet”– …convergence of machine and intelligent data…to create brilliant
machines• RTI “Your Systems. Working as One.”
– …an entirely new utility. As profound as the cell network, GPS, or the Internet itself. The Internet of Things and the Intelligent Systems it enables will fundamentally change our world.
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What Connects the Things?
IoT Standard Protocols
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MQTT: Collect Device Data
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Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)5
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DDS: Distribute Device Data
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Real-Time Analytics &
ControlOperator HMI
Sensors Actuators
IT and/or Cloud
Integration
Data Distribution Service (DDS)7
AMQP: Process Device Data (on Servers)
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Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP)8
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Connecting the Internet of Things
• S2S– Biz intelligence– Centralized/ESB– ~100ms– MQ/AMQP
• D2S– Collect data– Hub & spoke– ~10ms– MQTT/CoAP
• D2D– Control, distribute– Databus– ~.01ms– DDS
Web Services and Business Apps
Server-to-Server (S2S)
Devices and Intelligent Systems
Device-to-Device
Deviceto
Server (D2S)
DDS Builds Intelligent Systems
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DDS: The Software DataBus™
• Data centric– Structured, accessible data– Like a database for moving
data• Independent modules
– Supports SOA• Plug and play flexibility
– Like a hardware bus• Peer-to-peer performance
– Like streaming protocols• Standards-based
interoperability– Like TCP/IP
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Data-Centric Messaging Bus
Scalable, high performance, reliable infrastructure
DataBus™
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Managing State
• Data centric– Single version of truth– Known structure– Clear rules for access, changes, updates
• Technologies– Database– Data-centric middleware
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Intelligent Distributed Systems Need…
• Reliable Operation• Deterministic Performance• System Integration• Flexible Transports• Crisp Interface Design• Easy Tech Upgrades• Multi-Channel
Connections• Open Architecture• Wireless Links
• Legacy Integration• Hardware in the Loop• Scalability• Database Integration• High Throughput• Reliable Uptime• Industry Interoperation• Small Device Connection• Large Fan In/Out• Real-Time and IT Integration
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Reliable Operation
• Air traffic control requires 24x7 operation. Hot swap service is critical hardware or software failures mean flight delays and substantial costs
• Redundant networks, data, sensors and RTI middleware provide non-stop reliability
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Deterministic Performance
• The Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgery (MIRS) system at DLR coordinates three robots to perform delicate heart surgery.
• The system closes a distributed loop between the robots and the remote surgeon’s control at 3kHz.
• RTI delivers messages in real time
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System Integration
• RTI is the leading vendor of combat system messaging
• RTI connects disparate systems, merges multiple languages on multiple operating systems, handles DIL links and legacy interfaces
• RTI enables easy, large-scale integration
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Multi-Channel Connections
• The BASE TEN RoboScout unmanned ground vehicle integrates steering, braking, acceleration, dashboard, mapping, and up to 12 video feeds
• “RTI is at the core of our modular and highly scalable environment.”
Josef SchröttleHead of Design & DevelopmentBASE TEN SYSTEMS Electronics
GmbH© 2013 Real-Time Innovations (RTI) 17
Flexible Transports
• CAE, one of the world's leading providers of simulation and training, uses RTI over high-bandwidth IEEE-1394 for its flight simulator
• Middleware provides transport portability and architecture interoperability
"In the past we probably would have developed an expensive, proprietary system for data communications. By using RTI, we were able to deliver a proven, reliable and cost effective solution to our customers.”
- Peter Jarvis, Chief Designer
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Wireless Links
• NASA’s Human-Robotic Systems prototypes robots for extraterrestrial surfaces
• The project coordinates four NASA centers building four different robots. They operate in realistic environments, including over low-bandwidth, high-delay, lossy communications
• RTI middleware allows these very different systems to share common data communications over disadvantaged links
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DIL Connection
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Advanced Tech in Legacy Environments
• The VW Driver Assistance and Integrated Safety system combines radars, laser range finders, and video to assist safe operation
• It helps avoid obstacles, detect lane departures, track eye activity, and safely negotiate bends
• Advanced safety systems must connect to existing hardware. RTI middleware bridges high speed networking to the CAN bus
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Hardware in the Loop Test
• A modern car contains 100+ CPUs
• Audi uses hardware-in-the-loop simulation to feed realistic data to components in a lab for testing
• RTI middleware enables a modular test environment that scales to work with hundreds of devices
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Scalability
• Harmonic transmission and video switching equipment delivers worldwide video-on-demand
• RTI handles 1,000s of clients, 1,000,000s of messages
• RTI enables high-performance scalability and future extensibility
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Database Integration
• Light and strong advanced composites make advanced aircraft quiet and efficient
• Lund Engineering uses RTI to integrate the composite inspection system
• Critically, all data must be saved for validation; RTI’s database integration saves all data to permanent storage
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High Throughput
• RTI powers Varian’s NMR and MRI product lines
• Any one of the sixteen MRI receivers can saturate a 1Gbit network.
• RTI controls and optimizes network use to handle megabytes of load without losing data
“RTI delivered great functionality at a low cost. Using RTI middleware saved us a lot of money, time, and effort compared to our previous in-house developed solution.”
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Reliable Uptime
• Mevion’s Proton-Beam Radiation Therapy system zaps tumors with accelerated protons
• The treatment must be continuous for 30-40 days; downtime endangers treatment success
• Mevion’s PBRT delivers dependable treatment at low cost
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Industry Interoperation
• The Integrated Clinical Environment (ICE) standard specifies interoperability for medical devices
• All ICU & operating room devices — from blood pressure cuffs to intravenous pumps to ventilators — could be interconnected according to the ICE standard
– Complete logging– Automatic error detection– Better care
• The DDS standard and RTI middleware enables plug & play interoperability across manufacturers
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Small Device Connection
• Schneider PLCs operate modern factories
• Manufacturing requires fast data, even with limited memory and processing power
• RTI middleware connects powerful computers to deeply embedded devices with limited memory
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Fan Out/Fan In
• Blue Force Tracker (JBC-P) must process 200,000+ tracks.
• The legacy design was:– Proprietary – 1.5m SLOC– 12,000 tracks– 11 servers w/88 cores– Unreliable
• The DDS design is:– 100% standards based– 50k SLOC– 250,000 tracks– 80% of a single core– Fully redundant– Reliable multicast
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Real-Time & IT Integration
• Siemens Wind Power fields farms of 500 turbines with 100m blades
• RTI enables fast control within turbines and distributed gust mitigation across the array
• RTI will also integrate with predictive maintenance and business diagnostics
• RTI melds real-time with IT
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Why a DataBus Transport?
• Connects quickly, easily, powerfully• Reduces risk
– Proven, reusable, certified• Saves money
– Decouples large problem into solvable pieces
• Enables advanced capability– Reliability: redundant, 24x7 operation– Performance: microsecond latency,
megabyte throughput– Integration: Any transport, OS, language
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DataBus
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Fundamental Diff: Brokers vs DataBusAMQP, MQTT, CoAP
• Centralized Hub and spoke– Comms route through server– Web server, broker or ESB
• Server queues messages with simple QoS (e.g. TCP)
• Simplified discovery• Server challenges: failover, latency
under load, error recovery
DDS
• Decentralized Peer-to-peer– Fully embeddable– No external sftw (e.g., broker)
• Bus shares data with complex QoS• Discovery challenge• No single point of failure,
bottleneck, or service interruptions
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Device
App App App
Device Device
Server /Broker / ESB
Device
App
Device or Dedicated System
App App App App
Types of Flow
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Point-to-Point Client/Server Publish/Subscribe
BrokeredESB
Daemon
Pub/Sub Messaging
Data-CentricPublish/Subscribe (DCPS)
Data-Centric
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IoT…Not Quite That Simple
Web Services and Business Apps
Server-to-Server (S2S)
Devices and Intelligent Systems
Control Plane
Device-to-Device
Deviceto
Server (D2S)
Tim
elin
ess
of R
espo
nse
10μs
–10m
s10
ms–
1s>
1s
Another Perspective
Control
Management
Analysis
Tim
elin
ess
of R
espo
nse
10μs
–10m
s10
ms–
1s>
1s
•Process control and workflow•Presentation of “live” data•Security policy enforcement
•Human input / output•Configuration management•Data mining and analysis
•Equipment control and monitoring•Performance measurement and calibration•Fault isolation and automated recovery
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DeviceDeviceDevice
App
Device
App
IoT Protocol Soup
Device
Broker/ESB
AppApp
App
MQ, AMQP
Intelligent System
App App App App
DDS
MQTT
App App
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App
Device
App
DeviceDevice
CoAP
RS
RS
• S2S: BI, storage, cloud, slow, 100ms
• D2S: Telemetry, hub & spoke, 10ms• D2D: Control/dist, Databus, .01ms
The Internet of Things…Coming Soon
• Every industry, every device will change• IoT needs many protocols
– Server-to-server: AMQP, MQ, SOAP, etc.– Device-to-server: MQTT, CoAP– Device to device: DDS– Control plane: melting pot…
• Basic protocol use– MQTT collects device data for server use– DDS shares device data to build Intelligent
Systems– AMQP messages between servers
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© 2013 Real-Time Innovations (RTI)
About RTI
• Market Leader– Over 70% DDS mw market share1
– Largest embedded middleware vendor2
• Standards Leader– Active in 15 standards efforts– OMG Board of Directors– DDS authors
• Real-Time Pedigree– Founded by Stanford researchers– High-performance control, tools history
• Maturity Leader– 600+ designs– TRL 9 1Embedded Market Forecasters
2VDC Analyst Report
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Global Support and Distribution
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