Tsunami Warning System in Peru and Chile;
Challenge and Perspective
Masahiro Yamamoto, IOC/UNESCO
26 December 2004, Indian Ocean Tsunami
230,000 Dead International coordination meetings in 2005IOC/UNESCO: to lead TWS establishment
11 countries ~230,000 deaths1 million displaced
Global Network of TWS
Current status
• 3 tsunami warnings systems established in 2005 have made steady progress:– IOTWS: Three national systems launch the
services on 12 October 2011– NEAMTWS: Two National Tsunami Warning
Centers are set to enter into operation in 2012. – CARIBE-EWS: The phased development of a
Caribbean Tsunami Warning Center in Puerto Rico started
PTWS: Established 1n 1965. SE Pacific WG is developing Regional TWS for early Warning. (Limitation of the current system)
How to save your lives from Tsunami?
Requires end-to-end system1. Hazard assessment2. Warning system; guidance3. Preparedness, Awareness
Why people does not evacuate?• underestimate the warning• can not recognize the danger situation.People, therefore, cannot evacuate.→ Awareness and preparedness is essential
Earthquake Components - Tsunami warning system
Tsunami Warning - REQUIREMENTS
DetectSeismic Wave
DetermineMagnitude, Hypocenter
EvaluateTsunami
Tsunami
Detection Tsunami
Re-evaluate Tsunami
Network of seismographs
Real time data processing
Criteria for Tsunami grade
Communication facility to Disseminate Tsunami
Warning
Sea Level Networkto monitor tsunami
Real time data transmission
IssueTsunami Warning
IssueTsunami
Information
Toward the Regional seismic network from Independent National networks for mutual benefit
Earthquake P-wave Detection Time
If all stations in the regionare shared→
Estado actual red estaciones nivel del mar
Cada 5 minutos
2010 Chile Tsunami
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Coquimbo, ChileCaldera, ChileSan Felix, ChileAntofagasta, ChileIquique, ChileArica, ChileCallao La Punta, Peru
Tsunami Warning SystemPeru Chile
Seismic networkIGPSea level networkDHNNational Tsunami Warning CenterDHN: Evaluation INDECI: Dissemination
Seismic networkChile Univ.Sea level networkSHOANational Tsunami Warning CenterSHOA: EvaluationONEMI: Dissemination
The Joint Australian Tsunami Warning Centre(JATWC)
Geoscience AUSSeismic analysis
Bureau of MeteorologySea level & Tsunami Warning
Regional Tsunami Warning System
Protects all countries in the regionFully owned by the countriesInternational & multilateral cooperation
JICA`s contributionStaff trainingMonitoring and operating system
DIPECHO Project of UNESCO“Strengthening national and regional
systems of tsunami early warning and preparedness in Peru, Chile,
Ecuador and Colombia ”South America of the Disaster Preparedness Programme
(DIPECHO) of the Directorate General for Humanitarian Aid of the European Commission (DG–ECHO)
Principal activitiesThe project will implement and provide:
Regional workshops and SOP national workshop.More than 20 officials trained in numeric modeling.Regional campaign for children and youth on disaster risk reduction on tsunami.Training workshops for educative communities on tsunami preparedness in coordination with the ministries of educationDevelopment of an online platform to enable the exchange between the stakeholders of each country.Study documents on risk conditions in Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.1st Joint Exercise is planned in October 2012.
Educational materials based on national curricula
Colombia Chile Ecuador Peru
Community awareness materials
Closing Comments
TWS is a complex, multi-national, multi agency, multi-donor systemMany players, coordination is the IOC’s role but is a major challengeRegional – National – Local
(National level)Participation of all people and Work together; from public to governmentSave your life by your own decision
ISO-approved signage (2008)
Tsunami Tsunami TsunamiHazard Evacuation EvacuationZone Area Building
Operation and maintenance 24 hours a day 7 days a week
Challenge for sustainable and reliable tsunami warning system
Same Quality Tsunami Warning
at any time
A perfect warning will be uselessif people do not know what to do in case of an emergency
Awareness and preparedness at the country level is essential
Global Seismic Networks
IMPLEMENTING an EFFECTIVE EWS
2 KEY ENTITIES CRITICAL:
1. TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER (TWC) Issues warning, 24x7 monitoringLocal (educate), distant (monitor / warn)
2. DISASTER MGMT ORG (recognized auth, TER) Receives warning, Immediately evaluates/ translates, Disseminates public actionAlso, hazard / risk / preparedness
BOTH MUST WORK CLOSELY TOGETHER
3. EWS SUSTAINABILITY – ALL-HAZARDS NEEDED
4. COORDINATION / DATA SHARING ESSENTIAL
TAKING ACTION - WHAT TO DO
FOR MOST TIMELY WARNINGS - HOW?TO ACT FAST WITHOUT CONFUSION,- NEED TO KNOW WHAT TO DODevelop/implement TWC and TER SOP
- NEED TO PRACTICETest communications, end-to-endConduct Drills since tsunamis infrequent
FOR BEST, LONG-TERM PREPAREDNESS - HOW?BUILD TSUNAMI ADVOCACY GROUPS - Resilient self-motivated, communities - People-centered- No simple process, no simple answers
Our TWO major tasks: - Identify, warn, evacuate- Raise awareness and preparedness
The Early Warning System …
A perfect warning will be useless if people do not know what to do in case of an emergency
Awareness and preparedness at the country/community level is essential
SOP Working definition:
“ A description and procedure on agreed steps by institutions used
in coordinating who, what, when, where and how for tsunami early
warning and response”
From Indonesia Local SOP Workshops: Capacity Building for Development of Local SOPs for Tsunami Early Warning and Response. 2006-2007
BAKORNAS PBP
Thank you ISO Sign 2008
Tsunami Evacuation Building
Tsunami Evacuation Area
NO
Coastal Stations
Seismic Network
Deep Ocean Stations
GlobalTelecommunicationSystems
Sirens
Cell Phones
more…
YES
LIVESSAVED
Hazard Detection Threat Evaluation Alert Dissemination Preparedness& Forecast Alert Formulation Public Safety Msg & Response
Regional National Local
THREAT?
Sea Level Network
Warning Centres
Traditional
NO
Coastal Stations
Seismic Network
Deep Ocean Stations
GlobalTelecommunicationSystems
Sirens
Cell Phones
more…
YES
LIVESSAVED
Hazard Detection Threat Evaluation Alert Dissemination Preparedness& Forecast Alert Formulation Public Safety Msg & Response
Regional National Local
THREAT?THREAT?
Sea Level Network
Warning Centres
Traditional
Earthquake Tsunami
Tsunami Warning Center
International - Regional Framework
National Warning System Public Warning and Evacuation
National Government
Local Government
Mass Media
Warning Dissemination Overview(End to End System)
Cabinet Office Japan
Signboard
TSUNAMI WARNING
TSUNAMI WARNING
TSUNAMI WARNING
How to save the lives from Tsunami?
Requires end-to-end system1. Hazard assessment2. Warning / guidance3. Preparedness, Awareness
Why people does not evacuate?• underestimate the warning• can not recognize the danger situation.People, therefore, cannot evacuate.→ Awareness and preparedness is essential
Sumatra Tsunami - 26 Dec 2004
High VulnerabilityMore people live and work in coastal zonesCoastal populations educated about threat
No Warning System No Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning CentersNo End-to-End Dissemination MethodsUNESCO/IOC, Indian and Other Ocean countries developing Tsunami Warning System
End-to-End Tsunami Warning Systems
UpstreamDetection, verification, threat evaluation, tsunami forecast, warning dissemination
DownstreamDelivery of public safety message.Initiate national counter-measuresPrepare and implement standardised reaction
----- Same Quality at any time -----
CTBTO Data for Tsunami Warning
Primary Seismic (PS) station; 50 stationsAuxiliary seismic station (AS); 120 stationsHydroacoustic station
National Tsunami warning Center recognized by IOC/UNESCO is able to use real time data for tsunami warning
Why people does not evacuate?
People tend to underestimate the warning.People can not recognize the danger situation.
People, therefore, cannot evacuate.→ need communication; NOT one way→ need understandable instruction→ need localized warning
Objectives
Overall objective: To increase tsunami preparedness and improve "end-to-end" tsunami early warning systems at national and regional level.
Specific Objective: To develop strategies for the improvement of tsunami early warning systems at regional, national and sub-national level