THERMAL POWER PLANT WORKING &

EQUIPMENTS

By

M.V.PandeDy. Director

N.P.T.I., Nagpur

Inputs & Outputs for 1000 MW Power Station

Costing of Thermal Power Generation

66%

28%

6%

Fuel Cost

Capital Cost

Operating Cost

Energy Conversion Process in TPS

Energy Conversion Efficiency

Heat Input

100% 39% 61%

Heat Rejected

Electrical Energy

Modified Rankine Cycle

Energy Balance

Coal to Electricity Process

Feed Water & Steam Flow Diagram

Tangential Corner Coal Firing Arrangement

Coal Burner

Flame

Plasma Igniter

Pulverised Coal & Air Mixture

Muffle

Gas + Steam: Combined Cycle

Main Areas in Power Station

Boiler Plant HouseTurbine Generator HouseSwitch YardCoal Handling PlantOil Handling PlantWater Treatment PlantCooling Towers & Cooling Water

Pump HouseAsh Handling Plant

Thermal Power Station Layout

Boiler & Turbine House

Power Plant Structure

Boiler & Auxiliaries

Boiler – Furnace & Pressure Parts Rotary Air Preheaters: 2 nos. Forced Draft Fans: 2 nos. Induced Draft Fans: 2 nos. Primary Air Fans: 6 nos. Seal Air (3 nos.) & Scanner Air Fans (3

nos.) Coal Mills (Pulverisers): 6 nos. Electrstatic Precipitators

PF Boiler

Pulverised Fuel Boiler

500 MW Coal Fired Boiler

Oil & Gas Fired Boiler

Coal Pulverisers

Drum Type Coal Mill

Steam TurbinesSingle Cylinder Turbines are

employed for Industrial purpose & Multi-cylinder Turbines for utility power generation

Power generation turbines are designed for constant speed operation

Turbine efficiency varies from 85-90%

Tandem compounded arrangement is generally adopted for utility turbines

Steam Turbine Working

Single Cylinder Modular Turbine

Single Cylinder Steam Turbine

210 MW Utility Steam Turbine

HP Turbine

IP Turbine

LP Turbine

Foundation

Gen. End

Bearing

Condenser

Steam Turbine Fixed & Moving Blades

Barrel Type HP Turbine

Balance

Piston

Moving Blades

Barrel Casing

Inner Casing

Gland

Steam Inlet

Steam Exhaust

Double Flow IP Turbine

Outer Casing

Inner Casing

Rotor

Inlet

Inlet

Exhaust

Double Flow LP Turbine

Outer Casing

Inner Casing

Last Stage Rotor Blades

Steam Inlet

Atmospheric Relief

Diaphragms

Reaction Type KWU HP Turbine Rotor

Impulse-Reaction Type HPT Rotor KWU LP Turbine Rotor

KWU IP Turbine Rotor Placed in Casing

Turbine Auxiliaries

CondenserSteam Ejectors: 2+1Condensate Extraction Pumps: 1+1L.P.Heaters: 3Deaerator: 1Boiler Feed Pumps: 2+1H.P.Heaters: 2Turbine Oil Pumps: M.O.P.+2A.O.P.

+E.O.P.+2J.O.P

3.5 MW Boiler Feed Pump

3.5 MW Boiler Feed Pump Installation

Condenser

Cooling Towers

Main Oil Tank & Pumps

500 MW Turbine Generator Unit

Steam Turbine Governing System

Plant Control Room in 1990s

Modern Control

Room with DCS