Title Slide
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Importance of process Comparative cost estimates Ventilation and other environmental issues
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Design process Tunnel structure Ventilation Lighting Finishes
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Determine number of lanes needed Select tunnel shape Determine depth required Analyze ground characteristics Select tunnel construction method
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Depth
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Hard ground Soft ground Under water
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Tunnel boring machines Road headers Drill and blast
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Cut-and-cover Shields Grouting Ground freezing NATM
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Immersed tube
Types of tunnel ventilation systems Natural Longitudinal Transverse
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Eisenhower TunnelUSA
Mont-Blanc TunnelSwitzerland
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Symmetrical Line of sight Counter-beam
CCTV
Radio rebroadcast, cell phone
CO, NOX
Monitor
Wall tile or panel
Pavement
Ceiling Panel
Exhaust air
Supply airSupply air
Lights on ceiling or wall
Emergency walkway and egress system
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Ted Williams TunnelBoston, Massachusetts
LaerdallNorway
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Rank Name LocationLength(miles)
YearComp
Vehicles/Day(x1,000)
Ventilation “Air Cleaning”
Technology
1 Laerdal Norway 15.3 2000 1 Electrostatic precipitators;
NOx filtration; CO-unknown
3 Zhongwanshan China 11.3 2009 Unknown
4 St. Gotthard Road Tunnel
Switzerland 10.5 1980reopened
2001
19 None
5 Arlberg Austria 8.6 1978 None
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2 TBD California,USA
11.5 TBD 110 est. TBD
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Rank Name LocationLength(miles)
YearComp
Vehicles/Day(x1,000)
Ventilation “Air Cleaning”
Technology
6 Hsuehshan China/ Taiwan
8.1 2005 None
7 Frejus France/Italy 8.0 1980 3.3 trucks/day
None
8 Mont-Blanc France/Italy 7.3 1965reopened
2002
2.5 trucks/day
None
Portage Glacier Highway
Alaska, USA
2.5 2000 None
Eisenhower Tunnel
Colorado, USA
1.7 1973/1979
31.1 None
Hanging Lake Colorado, USA
0.7 1992 19.8 None
Establish a process for reviewing tunnel alternatives
Insist on comparative cost estimates Insist on ventilation solutions as part of
all tunneling evaluations
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Do tunnels cost more than highways and bridges? If so, how much more?
Is there a way to clean the air that comes out of the ventilation building before releasing it into the atmosphere?
Does the air that comes out of the vent building smell? Will I be able to see it coming out (like a smokestack)?
How do the environmental regulators generally regard tunnel projects – positively or negatively?
What do you do with all the dirt and rock that’s excavated from a tunnel project?
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