Title Slide

103060

Importance of process Comparative cost estimates Ventilation and other environmental issues

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Design process Tunnel structure Ventilation Lighting Finishes

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Determine number of lanes needed Select tunnel shape Determine depth required Analyze ground characteristics Select tunnel construction method

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Depth

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Hard ground Soft ground Under water

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Tunnel boring machines Road headers Drill and blast

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Cut-and-cover Shields Grouting Ground freezing NATM

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Immersed tube

Types of tunnel ventilation systems Natural Longitudinal Transverse

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Eisenhower TunnelUSA

Mont-Blanc TunnelSwitzerland

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Symmetrical Line of sight Counter-beam

CCTV

Radio rebroadcast, cell phone

CO, NOX

Monitor

Wall tile or panel

Pavement

Ceiling Panel

Exhaust air

Supply airSupply air

Lights on ceiling or wall

Emergency walkway and egress system

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Ted Williams TunnelBoston, Massachusetts

LaerdallNorway

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Rank Name LocationLength(miles)

YearComp

Vehicles/Day(x1,000)

Ventilation “Air Cleaning”

Technology

1 Laerdal Norway 15.3 2000 1 Electrostatic precipitators;

NOx filtration; CO-unknown

3 Zhongwanshan China 11.3 2009 Unknown

4 St. Gotthard Road Tunnel

Switzerland 10.5 1980reopened

2001

19 None

5 Arlberg Austria 8.6 1978 None

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2 TBD California,USA

11.5 TBD 110 est. TBD

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Rank Name LocationLength(miles)

YearComp

Vehicles/Day(x1,000)

Ventilation “Air Cleaning”

Technology

6 Hsuehshan China/ Taiwan

8.1 2005 None

7 Frejus France/Italy 8.0 1980 3.3 trucks/day

None

8 Mont-Blanc France/Italy 7.3 1965reopened

2002

2.5 trucks/day

None

Portage Glacier Highway

Alaska, USA

2.5 2000 None

Eisenhower Tunnel

Colorado, USA

1.7 1973/1979

31.1 None

Hanging Lake Colorado, USA

0.7 1992 19.8 None

Establish a process for reviewing tunnel alternatives

Insist on comparative cost estimates Insist on ventilation solutions as part of

all tunneling evaluations

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Do tunnels cost more than highways and bridges? If so, how much more?

Is there a way to clean the air that comes out of the ventilation building before releasing it into the atmosphere?

Does the air that comes out of the vent building smell? Will I be able to see it coming out (like a smokestack)?

How do the environmental regulators generally regard tunnel projects – positively or negatively?

What do you do with all the dirt and rock that’s excavated from a tunnel project?

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