Thermofluids
Data Book for Part I of the
Engineering Tripos
2017 Edition
Cambridge University Engineering Department
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
12/01/21 1
Latest revisions Current release THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20 (12/01/21)
Previous release THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_19 (19/7/19)
Updates since previous release
Correction to the value of R̅ (page 13).
The pressure-enthalpy chart of R-134a has been replaced (page 39)
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CONTENTS Thermodynamic definitions & relationships .................................................................................. 3
Ideal gas relationships ..................................................................................................................... 4
Perfect gas relationships ................................................................................................................. 4
Mixtures of perfect gases ................................................................................................................ 4
Non-dimensional groups ................................................................................................................. 5
Heat transfer .................................................................................................................................... 6
Equations for systems ..................................................................................................................... 7
Equations for control volumes ........................................................................................................ 8
Equations for streamlines .............................................................................................................. 10
Incompressible viscous pipe flow ................................................................................................. 10
Equations of motion in differential form ...................................................................................... 10
viscous steady flow of a fluid ....................................................................................................... 10
viscous unsteady flow of an incompressible fluid ........................................................................ 10
Thermodynamic efficiencies ......................................................................................................... 11
Combustion ................................................................................................................................... 12
Properties of perfect gases ............................................................................................................ 13
Molar enthalpies of common gases at low pressures ................................................................... 14
Thermochemical data for equilibrium reactions ........................................................................... 15
Data for steam ............................................................................................................................... 17
Triple point data for steam ............................................................................................................ 17
Critical point data for steam .......................................................................................................... 17
Properties of saturated water & steam: Temperatures from the triple point to the critical point . 18
Properties of saturated water & steam: Pressures from the triple point to the critical point ........ 20
Specific enthalpy of water and steam ........................................................................................... 24
Specific Entropy of water and steam ............................................................................................ 25
Density of water and steam ........................................................................................................... 26
Specific internal energy of water and steam ................................................................................. 27
Transport properties of saturated water & steam .......................................................................... 28
Transport properties of steam ....................................................................................................... 29
Transport properties of air ............................................................................................................ 29
Transport properties of carbon dioxide ......................................................................................... 30
Transport properties of hydrogen.................................................................................................. 30
Perfect gas relations for compressible flow for =1.4 ................................................................. 31
Properties of gases at sea level conditions .................................................................................... 32
Properties of liquids at sea level conditions .................................................................................. 32
The International Standard Atmosphere ....................................................................................... 32
Properties of the International Standard Atmosphere at altitude .................................................. 33
Physical constants ......................................................................................................................... 34
Conversion of Non-SI to SI Units ................................................................................................. 35
Conversion of Non-SI to SI Units cont. ........................................................................................ 36
Sources of Information ................................................................................................................. 37
Critical point data for Refrigerant R-134a (CH2FCF3) ................................................................. 37
Properties Table for Refrigerant R-134a (CH2FCF3).................................................................... 38
Properties Chart for Refrigerant R-134a (CH2FCF3) .................................................................... 39
Properties of steam ........................................................................................................................ 40
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THERMODYNAMIC DEFINITIONS & RELATIONSHIPS
Specific enthalpy pvuh +
Specific heat capacity at constant volume v
vT
uc
Specific heat capacity at constant pressure p
pT
hc
Ratio of specific heat capacities v
p
c
c
Coefficient of volume expansion pT
v
v
1
Coefficient of compressibility T
p
v
v
−
1
For a simple compressible substance, in the absence
of capillarity, electric and magnetic fields vdpdhpdvduTds −=+=
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IDEAL GAS RELATIONSHIPS
Equation of state
=
=
=
=
RTp
RTpv
mRTpV
TRnpV
Relationship between pc , vc and R Rcc vp =−
Speed of sound RTa =
PERFECT GAS RELATIONSHIPS
Change in specific internal energy ( )1212 TTcuu v −=−
Change in specific enthalpy ( )1212 TTchh p −=−
Change in specific entropy
−
−
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
12
lnln
lnln
lnln
v
v+c
p
pc
p
pR
T
Tc
v
v+R
T
Tc
=ss
pv
p
v
For Isentropic changes
.constpv =
.1 constTv =−
( ) ./ 1 constpT =−
MIXTURES OF PERFECT GASES
For a mixture of N perfect gases where, for component -i, mi = mass, pi = partial pressure,
hi = hi(T) = partial specific enthalpy, si = si(T, pi) = partial specific entropy, ni = number of mols
and the overbar signifies a partial molar quantity:
Pressure of the mixture =
=
=Ni
i
imixture pp
1
Enthalpy of the mixture =
=
=
=
==Ni
i
ii
Ni
i
iimixture hnhmH
11
Entropy of the mixture =
=
=
=
==Ni
i
ii
Ni
i
iimixture snsmS
11
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NON-DIMENSIONAL GROUPS
Reynolds Number
VdVdRe ==
Mach Number a
VM =
Froude Number gz
VFr =
Prandtl Number
==
pcPr
Biot Number
hsBi =
Fourier Number 2sFo
=
Drag Coefficient AV
DCD
2
2
1
=
Lift Coefficient AV
LCL
2
2
1
=
Skin Friction Coefficient 2
2
1V
c wf
=
Friction Factor fcf 4=
Discharge Coefficient ideal
actuald
m
mC
=
Nusselt Number
hdNu =
Grashof Number 2
3
TgdGr =
Stanton Number pVc
h
RePr
NuSt
==
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HEAT TRANSFER
Conduction, Convection and Radiation
Rate of heat transfer Q by convection from a body of surface area A
Rate of heat transfer Q by conduction along a straight bar of cross-sectional area A
Rate of heat transfer Q by conduction radially in a straight circular bar of length L
dr
dTrLQ 2−=
Rate of heat transfer Q by radiation1 from a grey body of surface area A and emissivity
where = 5.67x10-8 Wm-2K-4 is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant.
Logarithmic-Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD)
( )21
21
ln TT
TTTm
−=
Convective heat transfer for fully developed flow in circular pipes of diameter d
Overall heat transfer for laminar flow with constant wall temperature
66.3=dNu 2300dRe Pr1.0
Overall heat transfer for turbulent flow with constant wall temperature
4.08.0023.0 PrReNu dd = 7102300 dRe 1205.0 Pr
Heat transfer due to natural convection from a vertical isothermal plate of height L
Overall heat transfer
( ) 25.052.0 GrPrNuL = 1Pr
Reynolds Analogy
2
fcSt =
1 Note that the net rate of heat transfer will be less due to incident radiation
( )gssurroundinbody TThAQ −=
dx
dTAQ −=
4ATQQ black ==
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EQUATIONS FOR SYSTEMS
Definition of a system
A system is a fixed quantity of matter.
Conservation of mass applied to a system
The mass of a system is constant, i.e.
.constm =
1st Law of Thermodynamics applied to a system
When heat transfer to, and work done by, a system are defined as positive and the system is
undergoing a cyclic process
= dWdQ
When heat transfer to, and work done by, a system of mass undergoing a process between state
1 and state 2 are defined as positive and in the absence of capillarity, electric and magnetic fields
)++()++(== 12
1122
2212 21
21 mgzmVUmgzmVUEEWQ −−−
2nd Law of Thermodynamics applied to a system
When heat transfer to a system undergoing a cyclic process is defined as positive, the Clausius
inequality is
0T
dQ
When heat transfer to a system of mass m undergoing a process is defined as positive
0 e wher += irrevirrev dsmdsT
dQmds
where irrevds is the entropy created per unit mass by irreversibilities.
pdv work for a system
When the surface of a system undergoes displacement between state 1 and state 2 and the pressure
causing the displacement is known over the entire surface that is displaced, the displacement work
done by the system during this process is
=2
1pdVW
m
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EQUATIONS FOR CONTROL VOLUMES
Definition of a control volume
A control volume is that region of space that is enclosed by a rigid control surface.
The requirements for steady flow within a control volume
For steady-flow, conditions within the control volume are not, on average, changing so that the
mass, momentum, energy and entropy within the control volume remain constant.
Conservation of mass applied to a control volume - the Continuity Equation
In general, this may be written in vector form as
0=+ •
cscv
dAVdVdt
d
where dA is positive out of the control volume. It may also be written as
0=−+ inoutcv mm
dt
dm
For steady flow, the above becomes
= inout mm
Momentum equations applied to a control volume, including the Steady Flow Momentum
Equation (SFME)
In general, this may be written in vector form as
−=+ •
cscscv
dApFdAVVdVVdt
d
where dA is positive out of the control volume and F is the sum of all the non-pressure forces
on the flow.
For steady flow, the above becomes the Steady Flow Momentum Equation (SFME)
−=•
cscs
dApFdAVV
and in x and y coordinates, the SFME is
( )xxinxinoutxout pAFVmVm +=− ,,
( )yyinyinoutyout pAFVmVm +=− ,,
where care is needed with respect to the sign of the xV , yV and A terms.
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1st Law of Thermodynamics applied to a control volume, including the Steady Flow Energy
Equation (SFEE)
In the absence of capillarity, electric and magnetic fields, the 1st Law becomes
( ) ( ) x22 ++ ++
2
1
2
1WQgzVhmgzVhm
dt
dEininininoutoutoutout
cv −=−+
where cvE is the total energy within the control volume, Q is the rate of heat transfer to the
control volume and xW is the rate of shaft work transferred from the control volume.
For steady flow, the above becomes the Steady Flow Energy Equation (SFEE)
( ) ( ) x22 ++ ++
2
1
2
1WQgzVhmgzVhm ininininoutoutoutout −=−
2nd Law of Thermodynamics applied to a control volume
When heat transfer to a control volume is defined as positive
irrev
A
ininoutoutcv S
T
Qdsmsm
dt
dS
+=−+ where 0irrevS
where Qd is the rate of heat transfer to an area dA of the control surface at temperature T and
the integration is over the whole area A of the control surface, cvS is the total entropy within the
control volume and irrevS is the rate of entropy creation within the control volume due to
irreversibilities.
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EQUATIONS FOR STREAMLINES
Bernoulli's Equation for incompressible inviscid steady flow along a streamline
.++ 2
2
1constgzVp =
The pressure gradient normal to a streamline with a radius of curvature R
R
V
dn
dp 2=
R
V
es
sn, en
INCOMPRESSIBLE VISCOUS PIPE FLOW
The pressure drop along a pipe of constant diameter d and length L , with viscous flow
22
2
1
2
14 V
d
LfV
d
Lcp f ==
EQUATIONS OF MOTION IN DIFFERENTIAL FORM VISCOUS STEADY FLOW OF A FLUID
Mass conservation (continuity)
Intrinsic coordinates ( ) 0. =
+
sns eρV
ne
se
Vector Notation ( ) 0= V.
Momentum
Intrinsic coordinates viscousgen
pe
s
pe
R
Ve
s
VV nsns ++
−
−=
−
2
Vector Notation viscousgpVV ++−=
VISCOUS UNSTEADY FLOW OF AN INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID
Ñ.V = 0 r¶V
¶t+V ×ÑV
æ
èç
ö
ø÷= -Ñp+ rg+mÑ2V
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THERMODYNAMIC EFFICIENCIES
Efficiency of a cycle
B
netcycle
Q
W
but
ABnet QQW −=
so
B
Acycle
Q
Q
−=1
WNet
.
Q B
.
Q A
.
Isentropic efficiencies of compressors and turbines
12
12c
Input Work Actual
Input Work Ideal
hh
hh s
−
−=
shh
hh
43
43t
Output Work Ideal
Output Work Actual
−
−=
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COMBUSTION
The SFEE applied to stoichiometric combustion at constant and
When heat transfer to a control volume is defined as positive and in the absence of shaft work,
changes in KE and PE, capillarity, electric and magnetic fields, the rate of heat transfer and the
calorific value ( CV ) are related by
( ) hnCVmQ fuelfuel =−=
where
fuelfuel nMm =
Calorific values of common fuels (Enthalpies of Reaction)
In the following table, the calorific value is equal and opposite to the enthalpy of reaction when
the reactants and products are at 25C and 1.01324 bar. In the evaluation of the lower calorific
value and lower enthalpy of reaction, the steam is assumed to be dry saturated.
Stoichiometric Equation
Molar
Mass M of
Fuel
kmol
kg
Phase Calorific Value
MJ/kg
COOC →+ 22
1 12 solid 9.190
22 COOC →+ 12 solid 32.760
222
1COOCO →+ 28 gas 10.100
Higher: OH 2
to water
Lower: OH 2
to steam
OHOH 222 2
1→+ 2† gas 142.000 120.000
OHCOOCH 2224 22 +→+ 16 gas 55.500 50.010
OHCOOHC 22262 325.3 +→+ 30 gas 51.870 47.470
OHCOOHC 22283 435 +→+ 44 gas 50.360 46.360
OHCOOHC 222104 545.6 +→+ 58 gas 49.520 45.730
OHCOOHC 222188 985.12 +→+ 114 gas 48.270 44.800
OHCOOHC 222188 985.12 +→+ 114 liquid 47.900 44.430
† A more exact value is 2.016
T p
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PROPERTIES OF PERFECT GASES
Values of M , R , pc , vc and
At normal atmospheric conditions, and over a limited range of temperature and pressure, the gases
listed below may be assumed to behave as perfect gases. That is, they may be assumed to have the
equation of state TRvp = , and to have constant specific heat capacities.
Gas
Molar
mass M
kg/kmol
Gas
constant R
kJ/kg K
pc
kJ/kg K
vc
kJ/kg K v
p
c
c
Air# 29.0 0.287 1.005 0.718 1.40
Atmospheric nitrogen† 28.15 0.295 1.033 0.738 1.40
N2 28 0.297 1.04 0.74 1.40
O2 32 0.260 0.92 0.66 1.40
Ar 40 0.208 0.52 0.31 1.67
H2 2* 4.120 14.20 10.08 1.41
He 4 2.080 5.19 3.11 1.67
CO 28 0.297 1.04 0.74 1.40
CO2 44 0.189 0.83 0.63 1.31
SO2 64 0.130 0.61 0.48 1.26
CH4 16 0.520 2.23 1.71 1.31
C2H6 30 0.277 1.75 1.47 1.19
C3H6 42 0.198 1.52 1.32 1.15
Real gases are not perfect gases, and the rounded values for R, cp cv and vp cc listed above do
not exactly satisfy the relationships between these quantities that would be obtained for perfect
gases.
Molar (universal) gas constant
R̅ = MR = 8.3145 kJ/kmol K
Molar volume of a perfect gas
1 kmol of any perfect gas occupies a volume of approximately 22.7 m3 at s.t.p. (0 C and 1 bar)
and contains 6.022x1026 particles.
# Air contains 21.0% O2 and 79.0% atmospheric nitrogen by volume (Volumetric and Molar Analyses);
23.2% O2 and 76.8% atmospheric nitrogen by weight (Gravimetric Analysis).
† Air contains 0.93 % of argon (Ar) and traces of other gases; these and the nitrogen together are called atmospheric
nitrogen.
* A more exact value is 2.016.
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MOLAR ENTHALPIES OF COMMON GASES AT LOW PRESSURES
At low pressures, and over the temperature range quoted, the gases listed in this Table behave as
semi-perfect gases. That is, while having the molar equation of state TRvp = , their specific heat
capacities pc and vc are not constant but are functions only of temperature.
Gas Air N2 O2 H2 CO CO2 H2O Gas
Molar Mass
kg/kmol
29 28 32 2† 28 44 18 Molar Mass
kg/kmol
Temperature
K
Molar enthalpy
MJ/kmol
Temperature
K 200 5.79 5.81 5.79 5.69 5.81 5.96 6.62 200 298.15=25C 8.64 8.67 8.66 8.46 8.67 9.37 9.90 25C=298.15 300 8.70 8.72 8.71 8.52 8.72 9.44 9.96 300 400 11.62 11.64 11.68 11.42 11.64 13.37 13.35 400 500 14.57 14.58 14.74 14.34 14.60 17.67 16.82 500 600 17.59 17.56 17.90 17.27 17.61 22.27 20.39 600 700 20.66 20.61 21.16 20.21 20.69 27.12 24.09 700 800 23.81 23.72 24.50 23.16 23.85 32.18 27.90 800 900 27.03 26.89 27.90 26.13 27.07 37.41 31.83 900 1000 30.30 30.14 31.37 29.14 30.36 42.78 35.90 1000 1100 33.64 33.44 34.88 32.18 33.71 48.27 40.09 1100 1200 37.02 36.79 38.43 35.26 37.11 53.87 44.41 1200 1300 40.44 40.19 42.01 38.38 40.54 59.55 48.84 1300 1400 43.90 43.62 45.63 41.54 44.02 65.31 53.39 1400 1500 47.39 47.09 49.27 44.75 47.53 71.13 58.05 1500 1600 50.92 50.59 52.94 48.00 51.07 77.01 62.81 1600 1700 54.47 54.12 56.63 51.29 54.63 82.94 67.65 1700 1800 58.04 57.67 60.35 54.62 58.21 88.92 72.58 1800 1900 61.63 61.25 64.09 58.00 61.81 94.93 77.59 1900 2000 65.24 64.84 67.86 61.40 65.42 100.97 82.67 2000 2100 68.87 68.44 71.65 64.84 69.06 107.05 87.81 2100 2200 72.52 72.06 75.46 68.31 72.70 113.15 93.01 2200 2300 76.18 75.70 79.29 71.82 76.36 119.28 98.27 2300 2400 79.86 79.35 83.14 75.35 80.03 125.43 103.58 2400 2500 83.55 83.01 87.02 78.90 83.71 131.61 108.94 2500 2600 87.25 86.68 90.92 82.48 87.40 137.80 114.34 2600 2700 90.96 90.36 94.83 86.09 91.10 144.02 119.78 2700 2800 94.69 94.05 98.77 89.72 94.80 150.25 125.26 2800 2900 98.42 97.74 102.72 93.37 98.51 156.50 130.77 2900 3000 102.16 101.44 106.70 97.04 102.23 162.76 136.31 3000
Notes:
(1) The molar enthalpies listed are those in the ideal gas state at zero pressure, but the values given
are also valid at and around atmospheric pressure.
(2) In this table, the arbitrary datum state for zero enthalpy is that of the substance in the ideal gas
state at zero pressure and zero absolute temperature.
(3) The values for atmospheric nitrogen, *2N , may be taken to be the same as those for 2N .
† A more exact value is 2.016
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THERMOCHEMICAL DATA FOR EQUILIBRIUM REACTIONS
The tables of equilibrium constants and standard enthalpy change on the next page relate to the
reactions listed below
Stoichiometric equations
=i
ii Av 0
where vi is the stoichiometric coefficient of the substance whose chemical symbol is Ai.
(1) −2H + H2 = 0 (4) −2NO + N2 + O2 = 0 (7) −CO – ½ O2 + CO2 = 0
(2) −2N + N2 = 0 (5) −H2 – ½ O2 + H2O = 0 (8) −CO – H2O + CO2 + H2 = 0
(3) −2O + O2 = 0 (6) − ½ H2 – OH + H2O = 0 (9) − ½ N2 –2
3 H2 + NH3 = 0
Equilibrium constants
The equilibrium constant pK is given by
( ) =i
iip pvK *lnln
where 0* ppp ii
barsin species of pressure partial ii Ap
0p standard pressure 1 bar
Thus *ip is numerically equal to ip but is dimensionless.
Standard free enthalpy of reaction
At a given temperature, the standard free enthalpy of reaction (or the standard Gibbs function
change) 0TG may be calculated from the listed value of ( )pKln by the following equation:
( ) kJln3145.8
ln0
p
pT
KT
KTRG
−=
−=
Standard enthalpy of reaction
The Standard enthalpy of reaction is given by
( ) ==
i iiTfiTiiT HhH 000 ~
where
( ) ( )iTifTi hhHh 0
29800
2980~
−+=
where ( )iTf
0 is the standard enthalpy of formation of species i at temperature T and a pressure
p0 = 1 bar.
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
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Equilibrium constants & standard enthalpies of reaction
Reaction Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
i
iv = −1 −1 −1 0 − ½ − ½ − ½ 0 −1
Temperature
Equilibrium Constant ( )pKln
K
200 250.149 554.472 285.471 105.592 139.972 161.789 159.692 19.719 15.433
298.15 163.986 367.479 186.975 69.865 92.207 106.228 103.762 11.554 6.593
400 119.150 270.329 135.715 51.311 67.321 77.284 74.669 7.348 1.778
600 75.217 175.356 85.523 33.203 42.897 48.905 46.245 3.348 −3.191
800 53.126 127.753 60.319 24.145 30.592 34.634 32.036 1.444 −5.822
1000 39.803 99.127 45.150 18.706 23.162 26.033 23.528 0.366 −7.457
1200 30.874 80.011 35.005 15.082 18.182 20.281 17.871 −0.311 −8.570
1400 24.463 66.329 27.742 12.489 14.608 16.160 13.841 −0.767 −9.371
1600 19.632 56.055 22.285 10.546 11.921 13.065 10.829 −1.091 −9.972
1800 15.865 48.051 18.030 9.035 9.825 10.657 8.497 −1.329 −10.439
2000 12.835 41.645 14.622 7.824 8.145 8.727 6.634 −1.510 −10.810
2200 10.353 36.391 11.827 6.834 6.768 7.148 5.119 −1.649 −11.109
2400 8.276 32.011 9.497 6.010 5.619 5.831 3.859 −1.759 −11.358
2600 6.512 28.304 7.521 5.314 4.647 4.718 2.800 −1.847 −11.563
2800 5.002 25.117 5.286 4.720 3.811 3.763 1.893 −1.918 −11.738
3000 3.685 22.359 4.357 4.205 3.086 2.936 1.110 −1.976 −11.885
Temperature Standard Enthalpy of Reaction 0TH
K MJ
200 −434.7 −944.1 −496.9 −180.4 −240.9 −280.2 −282.1 −41.21 −43.71
298.15 −436.0 −945.3 −498.4 −180.6 −241.8 −281.3 −283.0 −41.17 −45.90
400 −437.3 −946.6 −499.8 −180.7 −242.8 −282.4 −283.5 −40.63 −48.04
600 −439.7 −948.9 −502.1 −180.7 −244.8 −284.1 −283.6 −38.88 −51.39
800 −442.1 −951.1 −503.9 −180.8 −246.5 −285.5 −283.3 −36.82 −53.66
1000 −444.5 −953.0 −505.4 −180.9 −247.9 −286.6 −282.6 −34.74 −55.07
1200 −446.7 −954.7 −506.7 −180.9 −249.0 −287.4 −281.8 −32.79 −55.83
1400 −448.7 −956.1 −507.8 −181.0 −249.9 −287.9 −280.9 −30.98 −56.07
1600 −450.6 −957.5 −508.9 −181.0 −250.6 −288.4 −279.9 −29.29 −55.99
1800 −452.3 −958.7 −509.8 −181.0 −251.2 −288.6 −278.9 −27.71 −55.66
2000 −453.8 −959.9 −510.6 −181.0 −251.7 −288.8 −277.9 −26.22 −55.19
2200 −455.2 −961.0 −511.4 −180.8 −252.1 −288.9 −276.8 −24.79 −54.61
2400 −456.4 −962.1 −512.0 −180.7 −252.4 −289.0 −275.8 −23.41 −53.92
2600 −457.6 −963.1 −512.5 −180.4 −252.7 −289.0 −274.8 −22.07 −53.12
2800 −458.6 −964.1 −513.0 −180.1 −253.0 −288.9 −273.7 −20.77 −52.22
3000 −459.6 −965.0 −513.4 −179.7 −253.3 −288.9 −272.7 −19.49 −51.20
Warning: These tables list absolute temperatures
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
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DATA FOR STEAM
Source of data
The following tables have been produced using equations from the IAPWS Formulation
1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific
Use and the Supplementary Release: Saturation Properties of Ordinary Water Substance. These
documents can be found on the International Association for the Properties of Water and
Steam website http://www.iapws.org.
TRIPLE POINT DATA FOR STEAM
Temperature = 273.16 K (0.01oC)
Pressure = 0.00611 bar
Phase Specific volume Specific enthalpy Specific entropy
m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K
Ice 0.0010905 -333.5 -1.221
Water 0.0010002 0.000612 0.0
Steam 206 2500.9 9.156
CRITICAL POINT DATA FOR STEAM
Temperature = 647.096 K (373.946C)
Pressure = 220.64 bar
Density = 322 kg/m3
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
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PROPERTIES OF SATURATED WATER & STEAM: Temperatures from the triple point to the critical point
Temp. Pressure Specific volume Spec. int. energy Specific enthalpy Specific entropy Temp.
oC bar m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K oC
T p vf vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sg T
0.01 0.00611 0.001000 206.005 0.0 2375.0 0.0 2500.9 2500.9 0.000 9.156 0.01 2 0.00706 0.001000 179.776 8.4 2377.6 8.4 2496.2 2504.6 0.031 9.103 2 4 0.00814 0.001000 157.135 16.8 2380.4 16.8 2491.4 2508.2 0.061 9.051 4 6 0.00935 0.001000 137.652 25.2 2383.1 25.2 2486.7 2511.9 0.091 8.999 6 8 0.01073 0.001000 120.846 33.6 2385.9 33.6 2481.9 2515.6 0.121 8.949 8
10 0.01228 0.001000 106.319 42.0 2388.6 42.0 2477.2 2519.2 0.151 8.900 10 12 0.01403 0.001001 93.732 50.4 2391.4 50.4 2472.5 2522.9 0.181 8.851 12 14 0.01599 0.001001 82.804 58.8 2394.1 58.8 2467.7 2526.5 0.210 8.804 14 16 0.01819 0.001001 73.295 67.2 2396.9 67.2 2463.0 2530.2 0.239 8.757 16 18 0.02065 0.001001 65.005 75.5 2399.6 75.5 2458.3 2533.8 0.268 8.711 18
20 0.02339 0.001002 57.762 83.9 2402.3 83.9 2453.5 2537.4 0.296 8.666 20 22 0.02645 0.001002 51.422 92.3 2405.0 92.3 2448.8 2541.1 0.325 8.622 22 24 0.02986 0.001003 45.861 100.6 2407.8 100.6 2444.1 2544.7 0.353 8.578 24 25 0.03170 0.001003 43.340 104.8 2409.1 104.8 2441.7 2546.5 0.367 8.557 25 26 0.03364 0.001003 40.975 109.0 2410.5 109.0 2439.3 2548.3 0.381 8.535 26 28 0.03783 0.001004 36.673 117.4 2413.2 117.4 2434.6 2551.9 0.409 8.493 28
30 0.04247 0.001004 32.879 125.7 2415.9 125.7 2429.8 2555.5 0.437 8.452 30 32 0.04760 0.001005 29.527 134.1 2418.6 134.1 2425.1 2559.2 0.464 8.411 32 34 0.05325 0.001006 26.560 142.4 2421.3 142.4 2420.3 2562.8 0.492 8.371 34 36 0.05948 0.001006 23.929 150.8 2424.0 150.8 2415.5 2566.3 0.519 8.332 36 38 0.06633 0.001007 21.593 159.2 2426.7 159.2 2410.8 2569.9 0.546 8.294 38
40 0.07385 0.001008 19.515 167.5 2429.4 167.5 2406.0 2573.5 0.572 8.256 40 42 0.08210 0.001009 17.663 175.9 2432.1 175.9 2401.2 2577.1 0.599 8.218 42 44 0.09113 0.001010 16.010 184.2 2434.7 184.2 2396.4 2580.6 0.625 8.181 44 46 0.10100 0.001010 14.534 192.6 2437.4 192.6 2391.6 2584.2 0.652 8.145 46 48 0.11178 0.001011 13.212 201.0 2440.1 201.0 2386.8 2587.8 0.678 8.110 48
50 0.12352 0.001012 12.026 209.3 2442.7 209.3 2382.0 2591.3 0.704 8.075 50 52 0.13632 0.001013 10.962 217.7 2445.4 217.7 2377.1 2594.8 0.730 8.040 52 54 0.15023 0.001014 10.006 226.0 2448.0 226.1 2372.3 2598.3 0.755 8.007 54 56 0.16534 0.001015 9.145 234.4 2450.7 234.4 2367.4 2601.8 0.781 7.973 56 58 0.18172 0.001016 8.368 242.8 2453.3 242.8 2362.5 2605.3 0.806 7.940 58
60 0.19947 0.001017 7.667 251.1 2455.9 251.2 2357.7 2608.8 0.831 7.908 60 62 0.21868 0.001018 7.033 259.5 2458.5 259.5 2352.8 2612.3 0.856 7.876 62 64 0.23944 0.001019 6.460 267.9 2461.1 267.9 2347.9 2615.8 0.881 7.845 64 66 0.26184 0.001020 5.940 276.3 2463.7 276.3 2342.9 2619.2 0.906 7.814 66 68 0.28600 0.001022 5.468 284.6 2466.3 284.7 2338.0 2622.7 0.931 7.784 68
70 0.31202 0.001023 5.040 293.0 2468.8 293.1 2333.0 2626.1 0.955 7.754 70 72 0.34002 0.001024 4.650 301.4 2471.4 301.4 2328.1 2629.5 0.979 7.725 72 74 0.37010 0.001025 4.295 309.8 2474.0 309.8 2323.1 2632.9 1.004 7.696 74 76 0.40240 0.001026 3.971 318.2 2476.5 318.2 2318.1 2636.3 1.028 7.667 76 78 0.43704 0.001028 3.675 326.6 2479.0 326.6 2313.1 2639.7 1.052 7.639 78
80 0.47416 0.001029 3.405 335.0 2481.5 335.0 2308.0 2643.0 1.076 7.611 80 82 0.51388 0.001030 3.158 343.3 2484.1 343.4 2303.0 2646.4 1.099 7.584 82 84 0.55636 0.001032 2.932 351.7 2486.5 351.8 2297.9 2649.7 1.123 7.557 84 86 0.60174 0.001033 2.725 360.1 2489.0 360.2 2292.8 2653.0 1.146 7.530 86 88 0.65018 0.001035 2.534 368.6 2491.5 368.6 2287.6 2656.3 1.170 7.504 88
90 0.70183 0.001036 2.359 377.0 2494.0 377.0 2282.5 2659.5 1.193 7.478 90 92 0.75685 0.001037 2.198 385.4 2496.4 385.4 2277.3 2662.8 1.216 7.453 92 94 0.81542 0.001039 2.050 393.8 2498.8 393.9 2272.1 2666.0 1.239 7.428 94 96 0.87771 0.001040 1.914 402.2 2501.2 402.3 2266.9 2669.2 1.262 7.403 96 98 0.94390 0.001042 1.788 410.6 2503.6 410.7 2261.7 2672.4 1.285 7.378 98 100 1.01418 0.001043 1.672 419.1 2506.0 419.2 2256.4 2675.6 1.307 7.354 100
T p vf vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sg T
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
12/01/21 19
Properties of Saturated Water & Steam continued: Temperatures from the triple point to the critical point
Temp. Pressure Specific volume Spec. int. energy Specific enthalpy Specific entropy Temp. oC bar m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K oC
T p vf vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sg T
100 1.014 0.001043 1.67196 419.1 2506.0 419.2 2256.4 2675.6 1.307 7.354 100 105 1.209 0.001047 1.41856 440.1 2511.9 440.3 2243.1 2683.4 1.363 7.295 105 110 1.434 0.001052 1.20945 461.3 2517.7 461.4 2229.6 2691.1 1.419 7.238 110 115 1.692 0.001056 1.03598 482.4 2523.3 482.6 2216.0 2698.6 1.474 7.183 115 120 1.987 0.001060 0.89133 503.6 2528.8 503.8 2202.1 2705.9 1.528 7.129 120
125 2.322 0.001065 0.77012 524.8 2534.3 525.1 2188.0 2713.1 1.582 7.077 125 130 2.703 0.001070 0.66808 546.1 2539.5 546.4 2173.7 2720.1 1.635 7.026 130 135 3.132 0.001075 0.58179 567.4 2544.6 567.7 2159.1 2726.9 1.687 6.977 135 140 3.615 0.001080 0.50850 588.8 2549.6 589.2 2144.3 2733.4 1.739 6.929 140 145 4.157 0.001085 0.44600 610.2 2554.4 610.6 2129.2 2739.8 1.791 6.883 145
150 4.762 0.001091 0.39248 631.7 2559.0 632.2 2113.7 2745.9 1.842 6.837 150 155 5.435 0.001096 0.34648 653.2 2563.5 653.8 2098.0 2751.8 1.892 6.793 155 160 6.182 0.001102 0.30680 674.8 2567.8 675.5 2082.0 2757.4 1.943 6.749 160 165 7.009 0.001108 0.27244 696.5 2571.8 697.2 2065.6 2762.8 1.992 6.707 165 170 7.922 0.001114 0.24260 718.2 2575.7 719.1 2048.8 2767.9 2.042 6.665 170
175 8.926 0.001121 0.21659 740.0 2579.4 741.0 2031.7 2772.7 2.091 6.624 175 180 10.028 0.001127 0.19384 761.9 2582.8 763.1 2014.2 2777.2 2.139 6.584 180 185 11.235 0.001134 0.17390 783.9 2586.0 785.2 1996.2 2781.4 2.188 6.545 185 190 12.552 0.001141 0.15636 806.0 2589.0 807.4 1977.8 2785.3 2.235 6.506 190 195 13.988 0.001149 0.14089 828.2 2591.7 829.8 1959.0 2788.8 2.283 6.468 195
200 15.549 0.001157 0.12721 850.5 2594.2 852.3 1939.7 2792.0 2.331 6.430 200 205 17.243 0.001164 0.11508 872.9 2596.4 874.9 1919.9 2794.8 2.378 6.393 205 210 19.077 0.001173 0.10429 895.4 2598.3 897.6 1899.6 2797.3 2.424 6.356 210 215 21.059 0.001181 0.09468 918.0 2599.9 920.5 1878.8 2799.3 2.471 6.320 215 220 23.196 0.001190 0.08609 940.8 2601.2 943.6 1857.4 2800.9 2.518 6.284 220
225 25.497 0.001199 0.07841 963.7 2602.2 966.8 1835.3 2802.2 2.564 6.248 225 230 27.971 0.001209 0.07151 986.8 2602.9 990.2 1812.7 2802.9 2.610 6.213 230 235 30.626 0.001219 0.06530 1010.0 2603.2 1013.8 1789.4 2803.2 2.656 6.178 235 240 33.470 0.001229 0.05971 1033.4 2603.1 1037.6 1765.4 2803.0 2.702 6.142 240 245 36.512 0.001240 0.05466 1057.0 2602.7 1061.5 1740.7 2802.2 2.748 6.107 245
250 39.762 0.001252 0.05009 1080.8 2601.8 1085.8 1715.2 2800.9 2.793 6.072 250 255 43.229 0.001263 0.04594 1104.8 2600.5 1110.2 1688.9 2799.1 2.839 6.037 255 260 46.923 0.001276 0.04218 1129.0 2598.7 1134.9 1661.7 2796.6 2.885 6.002 260 265 50.853 0.001289 0.03875 1153.4 2596.5 1159.9 1633.6 2793.5 2.930 5.966 265 270 55.030 0.001303 0.03562 1178.1 2593.7 1185.2 1604.5 2789.7 2.976 5.930 270
275 59.464 0.001317 0.03277 1203.0 2590.3 1210.9 1574.3 2785.2 3.022 5.894 275 280 64.166 0.001333 0.03015 1228.3 2586.4 1236.8 1543.0 2779.9 3.068 5.858 280 285 69.146 0.001349 0.02776 1253.9 2581.8 1263.2 1510.5 2773.7 3.114 5.821 285 290 74.418 0.001366 0.02555 1279.8 2576.5 1290.0 1476.7 2766.7 3.161 5.783 290 295 79.991 0.001384 0.02353 1306.1 2570.5 1317.2 1441.5 2758.7 3.208 5.745 295
300 85.879 0.001404 0.02166 1332.8 2563.6 1344.9 1404.7 2749.6 3.255 5.706 300 305 92.094 0.001425 0.01993 1360.1 2555.8 1373.2 1366.2 2739.4 3.302 5.666 305 310 98.650 0.001447 0.01833 1387.8 2547.1 1402.1 1325.8 2727.9 3.351 5.624 310 315 105.561 0.001472 0.01685 1416.2 2537.2 1431.7 1283.3 2715.0 3.399 5.582 315 320 112.843 0.001499 0.01547 1445.2 2526.0 1462.1 1238.5 2700.6 3.449 5.537 320
325 120.510 0.001528 0.01418 1475.0 2513.4 1493.4 1190.9 2684.3 3.500 5.491 325 330 128.581 0.001560 0.01298 1505.7 2499.2 1525.8 1140.2 2666.0 3.552 5.442 330 335 137.073 0.001597 0.01185 1537.5 2483.0 1559.4 1086.0 2645.4 3.605 5.391 335 340 146.007 0.001638 0.01078 1570.7 2464.5 1594.6 1027.4 2621.9 3.660 5.336 340 345 155.406 0.001685 0.00977 1605.4 2443.2 1631.6 963.4 2595.1 3.718 5.276 345
350 165.293 0.001741 0.00881 1642.3 2418.3 1671.1 892.7 2563.8 3.779 5.211 350 355 175.700 0.001808 0.00787 1682.1 2388.6 1713.9 812.9 2526.9 3.844 5.138 355 360 186.660 0.001895 0.00695 1726.2 2351.8 1761.5 720.0 2481.6 3.916 5.054 360 365 198.218 0.002015 0.00601 1777.2 2303.6 1817.2 605.5 2422.7 4.000 4.949 365 370 210.438 0.002217 0.00495 1844.5 2230.1 1891.2 443.1 2334.3 4.112 4.801 370
373.95 220.640 0.003106 0.00311 2018.1 2018.1 2086.6 0.0 2086.6 4.410 4.410 373.95
T p vf vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sg T
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
12/01/21 20
PROPERTIES OF SATURATED WATER & STEAM: Pressures from the triple point to the critical point
Pressure Temp. Specific volume Spec. int. energy Specific enthalpy Specific entropy Pressure
bar oC m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K bar
p T vf vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sg p
0.00611 0.01 0.001000 206.0005 0.0 2375.0 0.0 2500.9 2500.9 0.000 9.156 0.00611 0.02 17.50 0.001001 66.990 73.4 2398.9 73.4 2459.5 2532.9 0.261 8.723 0.02 0.04 28.96 0.001004 34.791 121.4 2414.5 121.4 2432.3 2553.7 0.422 8.473 0.04 0.06 36.16 0.001006 23.733 151.5 2424.2 151.5 2415.2 2566.6 0.521 8.329 0.06 0.08 41.51 0.001008 18.099 173.8 2431.4 173.8 2402.4 2576.2 0.592 8.227 0.08
0.10 45.81 0.001010 14.670 191.8 2437.2 191.8 2392.1 2583.9 0.649 8.149 0.10 0.12 49.42 0.001012 12.358 206.9 2442.0 206.9 2383.4 2590.3 0.696 8.085 0.12 0.14 52.55 0.001013 10.691 220.0 2446.1 220.0 2375.8 2595.8 0.737 8.031 0.14 0.16 55.31 0.001015 9.431 231.5 2449.8 231.6 2369.1 2600.6 0.772 7.985 0.16 0.18 57.80 0.001016 8.443 241.9 2453.0 241.9 2363.0 2605.0 0.804 7.944 0.18
0.20 60.06 0.001017 7.648 251.4 2456.0 251.4 2357.5 2608.9 0.832 7.907 0.20 0.22 62.13 0.001018 6.994 260.1 2458.7 260.1 2352.4 2612.5 0.858 7.874 0.22 0.24 64.05 0.001019 6.446 268.1 2461.2 268.1 2347.7 2615.9 0.882 7.844 0.24 0.26 65.84 0.001020 5.979 275.6 2463.5 275.6 2343.3 2619.0 0.904 7.817 0.26 0.28 67.52 0.001021 5.578 282.6 2465.7 282.6 2339.2 2621.8 0.925 7.791 0.28
0.30 69.09 0.001022 5.229 289.2 2467.7 289.3 2335.3 2624.5 0.944 7.767 0.30 0.32 70.58 0.001023 4.922 295.5 2469.6 295.5 2331.6 2627.1 0.962 7.745 0.32 0.34 72.00 0.001024 4.650 301.4 2471.4 301.4 2328.1 2629.5 0.979 7.725 0.34 0.36 73.34 0.001025 4.407 307.0 2473.1 307.1 2324.7 2631.8 0.996 7.705 0.36 0.38 74.63 0.001026 4.190 312.4 2474.8 312.5 2321.5 2634.0 1.011 7.687 0.38
0.40 75.86 0.001026 3.993 317.6 2476.3 317.6 2318.4 2636.1 1.026 7.669 0.40 0.42 77.03 0.001027 3.815 322.5 2477.8 322.6 2315.5 2638.0 1.040 7.652 0.42 0.44 78.16 0.001028 3.652 327.3 2479.2 327.3 2312.6 2639.9 1.054 7.637 0.44 0.46 79.25 0.001029 3.503 331.8 2480.6 331.9 2309.9 2641.8 1.067 7.621 0.46 0.48 80.30 0.001029 3.367 336.2 2481.9 336.3 2307.2 2643.5 1.079 7.607 0.48
0.50 81.32 0.001030 3.240 340.5 2483.2 340.5 2304.7 2645.2 1.091 7.593 0.50 0.52 82.30 0.001031 3.123 344.6 2484.4 344.6 2302.2 2646.8 1.103 7.580 0.52 0.54 83.25 0.001031 3.015 348.6 2485.6 348.6 2299.8 2648.4 1.114 7.567 0.54 0.56 84.17 0.001032 2.914 352.4 2486.8 352.5 2297.4 2649.9 1.125 7.555 0.56 0.58 85.06 0.001032 2.820 356.2 2487.9 356.3 2295.2 2651.4 1.135 7.543 0.58
0.60 85.93 0.001033 2.732 359.8 2488.9 359.9 2293.0 2652.9 1.145 7.531 0.60 0.62 86.77 0.001034 2.649 363.4 2490.0 363.4 2290.8 2654.2 1.155 7.520 0.62 0.64 87.59 0.001034 2.572 366.8 2491.0 366.9 2288.7 2655.6 1.165 7.509 0.64 0.66 88.39 0.001035 2.499 370.2 2492.0 370.3 2286.6 2656.9 1.174 7.499 0.66 0.68 89.17 0.001035 2.430 373.5 2492.9 373.5 2284.6 2658.2 1.183 7.489 0.68
0.70 89.93 0.001036 2.365 376.7 2493.9 376.7 2282.7 2659.4 1.192 7.479 0.70 0.72 90.67 0.001036 2.304 379.8 2494.8 379.9 2280.8 2660.6 1.201 7.470 0.72 0.74 91.40 0.001037 2.245 382.9 2495.7 382.9 2278.9 2661.8 1.209 7.460 0.74 0.76 92.11 0.001037 2.190 385.8 2496.5 385.9 2277.0 2663.0 1.217 7.451 0.76 0.78 92.81 0.001038 2.137 388.8 2497.4 388.8 2275.2 2664.1 1.225 7.443 0.78
0.80 93.49 0.001039 2.087 391.6 2498.2 391.7 2273.5 2665.2 1.233 7.434 0.80 0.82 94.15 0.001039 2.040 394.4 2499.0 394.5 2271.7 2666.3 1.241 7.426 0.82 0.84 94.80 0.001039 1.994 397.2 2499.8 397.3 2270.0 2667.3 1.248 7.418 0.84 0.86 95.44 0.001040 1.951 399.9 2500.6 400.0 2268.4 2668.3 1.255 7.410 0.86 0.88 96.07 0.001040 1.909 402.5 2501.3 402.6 2266.7 2669.3 1.263 7.402 0.88
0.90 96.69 0.001041 1.870 405.1 2502.1 405.2 2265.1 2670.3 1.270 7.394 0.90 0.92 97.29 0.001041 1.832 407.6 2502.8 407.7 2263.5 2671.3 1.277 7.387 0.92 0.94 97.89 0.001042 1.795 410.1 2503.5 410.2 2262.0 2672.2 1.283 7.380 0.94 0.96 98.47 0.001042 1.760 412.6 2504.2 412.7 2260.4 2673.1 1.290 7.373 0.96 0.98 99.04 0.001043 1.726 415.0 2504.9 415.1 2258.9 2674.1 1.296 7.366 0.98 1.00 99.61 0.001043 1.694 417.4 2505.5 417.5 2257.4 2674.9 1.303 7.359 1.00
p T vf vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sg p
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
12/01/21 21
Properties of Saturated Water & Steam continued:
Pressures from the triple point to the critical point
Pressure Temp. Specific volume Spec. int. energy Specific enthalpy Specific entropy Pressure
bar oC m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K bar
p T vf vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sg p
1.0 99.61 0.001043 1.6941 417.4 2505.5 417.5 2257.4 2674.9 1.303 7.359 1.0 1.5 111.35 0.001053 1.1594 467.0 2519.2 467.1 2226.0 2693.1 1.434 7.223 1.5 2.0 120.21 0.001061 0.8858 504.5 2529.1 504.7 2201.5 2706.2 1.530 7.127 2.0 2.5 127.41 0.001067 0.7187 535.1 2536.8 535.3 2181.1 2716.5 1.607 7.053 2.5 3.0 133.52 0.001073 0.6058 561.1 2543.1 561.4 2163.5 2724.9 1.672 6.992 3.0
3.5 138.86 0.001079 0.5242 583.9 2548.5 584.3 2147.7 2732.0 1.727 6.940 3.5 4.0 143.61 0.001084 0.4624 604.2 2553.1 604.7 2133.4 2738.1 1.776 6.896 4.0 4.5 147.90 0.001088 0.4139 622.7 2557.1 623.1 2120.2 2743.4 1.820 6.856 4.5 5.0 151.83 0.001093 0.3748 639.5 2560.7 640.1 2108.0 2748.1 1.860 6.821 5.0 5.5 155.46 0.001097 0.3426 655.2 2563.9 655.8 2096.6 2752.3 1.897 6.789 5.5
6.0 158.83 0.001101 0.3156 669.7 2566.8 670.4 2085.8 2756.1 1.931 6.759 6.0 6.5 161.98 0.001104 0.2926 683.4 2569.4 684.1 2075.5 2759.6 1.962 6.732 6.5 7.0 164.95 0.001108 0.2728 696.2 2571.8 697.0 2065.8 2762.8 1.992 6.707 7.0 7.5 167.75 0.001111 0.2555 708.4 2574.0 709.2 2056.4 2765.6 2.019 6.684 7.5 8.0 170.41 0.001115 0.2403 720.0 2576.0 720.9 2047.4 2768.3 2.046 6.662 8.0
8.5 172.94 0.001118 0.2269 731.0 2577.9 732.0 2038.8 2770.8 2.070 6.641 8.5 9.0 175.35 0.001121 0.2149 741.6 2579.6 742.6 2030.5 2773.0 2.094 6.621 9.0 9.5 177.66 0.001124 0.2041 751.7 2581.2 752.7 2022.4 2775.1 2.117 6.603 9.5
10.0 179.88 0.001127 0.1944 761.4 2582.7 762.5 2014.6 2777.1 2.138 6.585 10.0 10.5 182.01 0.001130 0.1855 770.8 2584.1 771.9 2007.0 2778.9 2.159 6.568 10.5
11.0 184.06 0.001133 0.1775 779.8 2585.5 781.0 1999.6 2780.6 2.178 6.552 11.0 11.5 186.04 0.001136 0.1701 788.5 2586.7 789.8 1992.4 2782.2 2.198 6.537 11.5 12.0 187.96 0.001138 0.1633 797.0 2587.8 798.3 1985.4 2783.7 2.216 6.522 12.0 12.5 189.81 0.001141 0.1570 805.2 2588.9 806.6 1978.6 2785.1 2.234 6.507 12.5 13.0 191.60 0.001144 0.1512 813.1 2589.9 814.6 1971.9 2786.5 2.251 6.494 13.0
13.5 193.35 0.001146 0.1458 820.8 2590.9 822.4 1965.3 2787.7 2.267 6.480 13.5 14.0 195.04 0.001149 0.1408 828.4 2591.8 830.0 1958.9 2788.8 2.284 6.467 14.0 14.5 196.68 0.001151 0.1361 835.7 2592.6 837.4 1952.6 2789.9 2.299 6.455 14.5 15.0 198.29 0.001154 0.1317 842.8 2593.4 844.6 1946.4 2791.0 2.314 6.443 15.0 15.5 199.85 0.001156 0.1276 849.8 2594.1 851.6 1940.3 2791.9 2.329 6.431 15.5
16.0 201.37 0.001159 0.1237 856.6 2594.8 858.5 1934.4 2792.8 2.343 6.420 16.0 16.5 202.86 0.001161 0.1201 863.3 2595.5 865.2 1928.5 2793.7 2.357 6.409 16.5 17.0 204.31 0.001163 0.1167 869.8 2596.1 871.7 1922.7 2794.5 2.371 6.398 17.0 17.5 205.72 0.001166 0.1134 876.1 2596.7 878.2 1917.0 2795.2 2.384 6.388 17.5 18.0 207.11 0.001168 0.1104 882.4 2597.2 884.5 1911.4 2795.9 2.397 6.377 18.0
18.5 208.47 0.001170 0.1075 888.5 2597.8 890.7 1905.9 2796.6 2.410 6.368 18.5 19.0 209.80 0.001172 0.1047 894.5 2598.2 896.7 1900.5 2797.2 2.423 6.358 19.0 19.5 211.10 0.001175 0.1021 900.4 2598.7 902.7 1895.1 2797.8 2.435 6.348 19.5 20.0 212.38 0.001177 0.0996 906.2 2599.1 908.5 1889.8 2798.3 2.447 6.339 20.0 20.5 213.63 0.001179 0.0972 911.8 2599.5 914.2 1884.6 2798.8 2.458 6.330 20.5
21.0 214.86 0.001181 0.0949 917.4 2599.9 919.9 1879.4 2799.3 2.470 6.321 21.0 21.5 216.06 0.001183 0.0928 922.9 2600.2 925.4 1874.3 2799.7 2.481 6.312 21.5 22.0 217.25 0.001185 0.0907 928.3 2600.6 930.9 1869.2 2800.1 2.492 6.304 22.0 22.5 218.41 0.001187 0.0887 933.6 2600.9 936.3 1864.2 2800.5 2.503 6.295 22.5 23.0 219.56 0.001189 0.0868 938.8 2601.1 941.5 1859.3 2800.8 2.513 6.287 23.0
23.5 220.68 0.001191 0.0850 943.9 2601.4 946.7 1854.4 2801.1 2.524 6.279 23.5 24.0 221.79 0.001193 0.0832 949.0 2601.6 951.9 1849.6 2801.4 2.534 6.271 24.0 24.5 222.88 0.001195 0.0816 954.0 2601.9 956.9 1844.8 2801.7 2.544 6.263 24.5 25.0 223.95 0.001197 0.0800 958.9 2602.1 961.9 1840.0 2801.9 2.554 6.256 25.0 25.5 225.01 0.001199 0.0784 963.8 2602.2 966.8 1835.3 2802.2 2.564 6.248 25.5
p T vf vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sg p
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
12/01/21 22
Properties of Saturated Water & Steam continued:
Pressures from the triple point to the critical point Pressure Temp. Specific volume Spec. int. energy Specific enthalpy Specific entropy Pressure
bar oC m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K bar
p T vf vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sg p
26.0 226.05 0.001201 0.0769 968.6 2602.4 971.7 1830.7 2802.3 2.574 6.241 26.0 26.5 227.07 0.001203 0.0755 973.3 2602.5 976.5 1826.1 2802.5 2.583 6.234 26.5 27.0 228.08 0.001205 0.0741 977.9 2602.7 981.2 1821.5 2802.7 2.592 6.226 27.0 27.5 229.07 0.001207 0.0727 982.5 2602.8 985.9 1816.9 2802.8 2.601 6.219 27.5
28.0 230.06 0.001209 0.0714 987.1 2602.9 990.5 1812.4 2802.9 2.611 6.212 28.0 28.5 231.02 0.001211 0.0702 991.6 2603.0 995.0 1808.0 2803.0 2.619 6.206 28.5 29.0 231.98 0.001213 0.0690 996.0 2603.1 999.5 1803.6 2803.1 2.628 6.199 29.0 29.5 232.92 0.001215 0.0678 1000.4 2603.1 1004.0 1799.2 2803.1 2.637 6.192 29.5
30 233.85 0.001217 0.06667 1004.7 2603.2 1008.4 1794.8 2803.2 2.645 6.186 30 32 237.46 0.001224 0.06248 1021.5 2603.2 1025.4 1777.7 2803.1 2.679 6.160 32 34 240.90 0.001231 0.05876 1037.7 2603.1 1041.8 1761.0 2802.9 2.710 6.136 34 36 244.18 0.001238 0.05545 1053.1 2602.8 1057.6 1744.8 2802.4 2.740 6.113 36 38 247.33 0.001245 0.05247 1068.1 2602.3 1072.8 1728.9 2801.7 2.769 6.091 38
40 250.35 0.001252 0.04978 1082.5 2601.7 1087.5 1713.3 2800.8 2.797 6.070 40 42 253.26 0.001259 0.04733 1096.4 2601.0 1101.7 1698.1 2799.8 2.823 6.049 42 44 256.07 0.001266 0.04510 1109.9 2600.1 1115.5 1683.1 2798.6 2.849 6.029 44 46 258.78 0.001273 0.04306 1123.0 2599.2 1128.9 1668.4 2797.3 2.874 6.010 46 48 261.40 0.001280 0.04118 1135.8 2598.1 1141.9 1653.9 2795.8 2.898 5.992 48
50 263.94 0.001286 0.03945 1148.2 2597.0 1154.6 1639.6 2794.2 2.921 5.974 50 52 266.40 0.001293 0.03784 1160.3 2595.7 1167.0 1625.5 2792.5 2.943 5.956 52 54 268.79 0.001299 0.03635 1172.1 2594.4 1179.1 1611.6 2790.7 2.965 5.939 54 56 271.12 0.001306 0.03496 1183.6 2593.0 1190.9 1597.8 2788.8 2.986 5.922 56 58 273.38 0.001312 0.03366 1194.9 2591.5 1202.5 1584.2 2786.7 3.007 5.906 58
60 275.58 0.001319 0.03245 1206.0 2589.9 1213.9 1570.7 2784.6 3.027 5.890 60 62 277.73 0.001326 0.03131 1216.8 2588.3 1225.0 1557.4 2782.4 3.047 5.875 62 64 279.83 0.001332 0.03024 1227.4 2586.5 1235.9 1544.1 2780.1 3.067 5.859 64 66 281.87 0.001339 0.02923 1237.8 2584.8 1246.7 1531.0 2777.7 3.085 5.844 66 68 283.87 0.001345 0.02828 1248.1 2582.9 1257.2 1518.0 2775.2 3.104 5.829 68
70 285.83 0.001352 0.02738 1258.1 2581.0 1267.6 1505.0 2772.6 3.122 5.815 70 72 287.74 0.001358 0.02653 1268.0 2579.0 1277.8 1492.2 2770.0 3.140 5.800 72 74 289.61 0.001365 0.02572 1277.8 2577.0 1287.9 1479.4 2767.3 3.157 5.786 74 76 291.45 0.001371 0.02495 1287.4 2574.9 1297.8 1466.7 2764.5 3.174 5.772 76 78 293.25 0.001378 0.02422 1296.8 2572.7 1307.6 1454.0 2761.6 3.191 5.759 78
80 295.01 0.001384 0.02352 1306.1 2570.5 1317.2 1441.4 2758.7 3.208 5.745 80 82 296.74 0.001391 0.02286 1315.3 2568.2 1326.7 1428.9 2755.7 3.224 5.732 82 84 298.43 0.001398 0.02223 1324.4 2565.9 1336.2 1416.4 2752.6 3.240 5.718 84 86 300.10 0.001404 0.02162 1333.4 2563.5 1345.5 1404.0 2749.4 3.256 5.705 86 88 301.74 0.001411 0.02104 1342.2 2561.0 1354.7 1391.5 2746.2 3.271 5.692 88
90 303.35 0.001418 0.02049 1351.0 2558.5 1363.8 1379.2 2742.9 3.287 5.679 90 92 304.93 0.001425 0.01996 1359.7 2556.0 1372.8 1366.8 2739.6 3.302 5.666 92 94 306.48 0.001431 0.01945 1368.2 2553.3 1381.7 1354.5 2736.1 3.317 5.654 94 96 308.01 0.001438 0.01895 1376.7 2550.7 1390.5 1342.1 2732.6 3.331 5.641 96 98 309.52 0.001445 0.01848 1385.1 2548.0 1399.3 1329.8 2729.1 3.346 5.628 98
100 311.00 0.001452 0.01803 1393.4 2545.2 1407.9 1317.5 2725.5 3.360 5.616 100 105 314.60 0.001470 0.01696 1413.9 2538.0 1429.3 1286.8 2716.1 3.396 5.585 105 110 318.08 0.001488 0.01599 1433.9 2530.4 1450.3 1256.0 2706.3 3.430 5.554 110 115 321.43 0.001507 0.01509 1453.6 2522.5 1471.0 1225.1 2696.1 3.464 5.524 115 120 324.68 0.001526 0.01426 1473.0 2514.3 1491.3 1194.1 2685.4 3.496 5.494 120
125 327.81 0.001546 0.01350 1492.2 2505.6 1511.5 1162.8 2674.3 3.529 5.464 125 130 330.85 0.001566 0.01278 1511.1 2496.5 1531.4 1131.3 2662.7 3.561 5.434 130 135 333.80 0.001588 0.01211 1529.8 2487.0 1551.2 1099.3 2650.6 3.592 5.403 135 140 336.67 0.001610 0.01149 1548.4 2477.1 1571.0 1067.0 2637.9 3.623 5.373 140 145 339.45 0.001633 0.01090 1566.9 2466.7 1590.6 1034.1 2624.7 3.654 5.342 145
p T vf vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sg p
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
12/01/21 23
Properties of Saturated Water & Steam continued:
Pressures from the triple point to the critical point Pressure Temp. Specific volume Spec. int. energy Specific enthalpy Specific entropy Pressure
bar oC m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K bar
p T vf vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sg p
150 342.16 0.001657 0.01034 1585.4 2455.7 1610.3 1000.5 2610.8 3.685 5.311 150 155 344.79 0.001683 0.00981 1603.9 2444.2 1630.0 966.2 2596.3 3.715 5.279 155 160 347.35 0.001710 0.00931 1622.5 2432.0 1649.9 931.1 2581.0 3.746 5.247 160 165 349.86 0.001739 0.00883 1641.2 2419.1 1669.9 894.9 2564.8 3.777 5.213 165 170 352.29 0.001770 0.00837 1660.2 2405.4 1690.3 857.4 2547.7 3.808 5.179 170
175 354.67 0.001804 0.00793 1679.4 2390.7 1711.0 818.5 2529.5 3.840 5.143 175 180 356.99 0.001840 0.00750 1699.1 2374.9 1732.2 777.8 2510.0 3.872 5.106 180 185 359.26 0.001881 0.00709 1719.3 2357.9 1754.1 734.9 2489.0 3.905 5.067 185 190 361.47 0.001926 0.00668 1740.3 2339.1 1776.9 689.2 2466.0 3.940 5.026 190 195 363.63 0.001977 0.00627 1762.3 2318.4 1800.9 639.8 2440.7 3.976 4.981 195
200 365.75 0.002038 0.00586 1785.9 2294.8 1826.6 585.4 2412.1 4.015 4.931 200 205 367.81 0.002111 0.00544 1811.7 2267.3 1855.0 523.8 2378.9 4.057 4.875 205 210 369.83 0.002207 0.00499 1841.6 2233.5 1888.0 450.4 2338.4 4.107 4.808 210 215 371.79 0.002349 0.00448 1879.5 2187.4 1930.0 353.6 2283.6 4.171 4.719 215 220 373.71 0.002703 0.00364 1951.6 2092.4 2011.1 161.5 2172.6 4.294 4.544 220
220.64 373.95 0.003106 0.00311 2018.1 2018.1 2086.6 0.0 2086.6 4.410 4.410 220.64
p T vf vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sg p
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
12/01/21 24
SPECIFIC ENTHALPY OF WATER AND STEAM kJ/kg
Pressure (bar)
0.1 0.5 1 5 10 20 40 60 80 100 150 200 220.64 250 300 400 500 1000
Temp (oC) Critical Isobar
0.01 0 0.1 0.1 0.5 1 2 4.1 6.1 8.1 10.1 15.1 20.1 22.1 25 29.9 39.6 49.2 95.4
25 104.8 104.9 104.9 105.3 105.8 106.7 108.5 110.4 112.2 114.1 118.6 123.2 125.1 127.8 132.3 141.3 150.2 194.1
50 2592.0 209.4 209.4 209.8 210.2 211.1 212.8 214.5 216.2 217.9 222.2 226.5 228.3 230.8 235.1 243.6 252.0 293.9
75 2639.8 314.0 314.1 314.4 314.8 315.6 317.2 318.8 320.5 322.1 326.1 330.1 331.8 334.2 338.2 346.2 354.3 394.3
100 2687.5 2682.4 2675.8 419.5 419.8 420.6 422.1 423.6 425.1 426.6 430.4 434.2 435.7 438.0 441.7 449.3 456.9 495.1
125 2735.2 2731.5 2726.7 525.3 525.6 526.3 527.7 529.1 530.5 531.8 535.3 538.8 540.3 542.4 545.9 553.0 560.1 596.3
150 2783.0 2780.2 2776.6 632.2 632.5 633.1 634.4 635.6 636.9 638.1 641.3 644.4 645.8 647.7 650.9 657.4 664.0 697.9
175 2831.2 2828.9 2826.1 2801.4 741.1 741.6 742.7 743.7 744.8 745.9 748.6 751.4 752.6 754.2 757.1 763.0 768.9 800.2
200 2879.6 2877.8 2875.5 2855.8 2828.3 852.5 853.3 854.1 854.9 855.8 858.0 860.3 861.2 862.6 865.0 870.0 875.2 903.4
225 2928.4 2926.8 2924.9 2908.8 2887.0 2836.1 967.1 967.6 968.1 968.7 970.1 971.7 972.4 973.4 975.2 979.0 983.2 1007.6
250 2977.4 2976.1 2974.5 2961.0 2943.1 2903.2 1085.8 1085.7 1085.7 1085.8 1086.1 1086.7 1087.0 1087.4 1088.4 1090.7 1093.5 1113.1
275 3026.9 3025.8 3024.4 3012.9 2997.8 2965.2 2887.3 1210.9 1210.0 1209.3 1207.8 1206.7 1206.4 1206.0 1205.7 1205.8 1206.8 1220.2
300 3076.7 3075.8 3074.5 3064.6 3051.6 3024.2 2961.7 2885.5 2786.5 1343.3 1338.3 1334.4 1333.0 1331.3 1328.9 1325.6 1324.0 1329.1
325 3126.9 3126.1 3125.0 3116.3 3105.0 3081.5 3029.5 2969.5 2898.4 2810.3 1485.6 1475.2 1471.7 1467.3 1461.1 1452.2 1446.4 1440.3
350 3177.5 3176.8 3175.8 3168.1 3158.2 3137.7 3093.3 3043.9 2988.1 2924.0 2693.1 1646.0 1635.6 1623.9 1608.8 1588.8 1576.1 1554.0
375 3228.5 3227.9 3227.0 3220.1 3211.3 3193.2 3154.7 3112.8 3066.9 3016.3 2858.9 2602.6 2337.7 1849.4 1791.8 1742.6 1716.6 1670.8
400 3279.9 3279.3 3278.6 3272.3 3264.5 3248.3 3214.5 3178.2 3139.4 3097.4 2975.7 2816.9 2732.9 2578.6 2152.8 1931.4 1874.4 1791.1
425 3331.8 3331.2 3330.5 3324.9 3317.8 3303.3 3273.2 3241.4 3207.7 3172.0 3072.3 2953.0 2896.1 2805.0 2611.8 2199.0 2060.7 1915.7
450 3384.0 3383.5 3382.8 3377.7 3371.3 3358.2 3331.2 3302.9 3273.3 3242.3 3157.9 3061.7 3017.8 2950.6 2821.0 2511.8 2284.7 2044.7
475 3436.6 3436.2 3435.6 3430.9 3425.1 3413.2 3388.7 3363.4 3337.1 3309.7 3236.6 3155.8 3120.0 3066.2 2966.8 2740.2 2520.0 2178.5
500 3489.7 3489.3 3488.7 3484.5 3479.1 3468.2 3446.0 3423.1 3399.5 3375.1 3310.8 3241.2 3210.8 3165.9 3084.7 2906.5 2722.6 2316.2
550 3597.1 3596.8 3596.3 3592.7 3588.1 3579.0 3560.3 3541.3 3521.8 3502.0 3450.4 3396.1 3373.0 3339.2 3279.7 3154.4 3025.3 2595.9
600 3706.3 3706.0 3705.6 3702.5 3698.6 3690.7 3674.9 3658.7 3642.4 3625.8 3583.1 3539.0 3520.4 3493.5 3446.7 3350.4 3252.5 2865.1
650 3817.2 3816.9 3816.6 3813.9 3810.5 3803.8 3790.1 3776.2 3762.3 3748.1 3712.1 3675.3 3659.8 3637.7 3599.4 3521.6 3443.4 3110.5
700 3929.9 3929.7 3929.4 3927.0 3924.1 3918.2 3906.3 3894.3 3882.2 3870.0 3839.1 3807.8 3794.7 3776.0 3743.9 3679.1 3614.6 3330.7
750 4044.4 4044.2 4043.9 4041.8 4039.3 4034.1 4023.6 4013.2 4002.6 3992.0 3965.2 3938.1 3926.9 3910.9 3883.4 3828.4 3773.9 3530.5
800 4160.6 4160.4 4160.2 4158.4 4156.1 4151.5 4142.3 4133.1 4123.8 4114.5 4091.1 4067.5 4057.7 4043.8 4020.0 3972.6 3925.8 3715.3
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
12/01/21 25
SPECIFIC ENTROPY OF WATER AND STEAM kJ/kg K
Pressure (bar)
0.1 0.5 1 5 10 20 40 60 80 100 150 200 220.64 250 300 400 500 1000
Temp (oC) Critical Isobar
0.01 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0004 0.0005 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0004 -0.0001 -0.0009 -0.0084
25 0.3672 0.3672 0.3672 0.3671 0.3670 0.3667 0.3662 0.3657 0.3651 0.3646 0.3632 0.3619 0.3613 0.3605 0.3591 0.3561 0.3532 0.3371
50 8.1741 0.7038 0.7038 0.7036 0.7034 0.7029 0.7020 0.7010 0.7001 0.6992 0.6969 0.6946 0.6937 0.6923 0.6901 0.6855 0.6810 0.6587
75 8.3167 1.0158 1.0157 1.0155 1.0152 1.0145 1.0133 1.0120 1.0108 1.0096 1.0065 1.0035 1.0022 1.0004 0.9975 0.9916 0.9858 0.9579
100 8.4489 7.6953 7.3610 1.3069 1.3065 1.3057 1.3042 1.3026 1.3011 1.2996 1.2958 1.2920 1.2905 1.2883 1.2847 1.2775 1.2705 1.2375
125 8.5726 7.8225 7.4932 1.5813 1.5808 1.5799 1.5780 1.5762 1.5743 1.5725 1.5680 1.5635 1.5617 1.5591 1.5548 1.5464 1.5381 1.4999
150 8.6892 7.9413 7.6148 1.8418 1.8412 1.8401 1.8379 1.8357 1.8335 1.8313 1.8260 1.8208 1.8186 1.8156 1.8106 1.8008 1.7912 1.7475
175 8.7997 8.0531 7.7284 6.9427 2.0905 2.0892 2.0865 2.0839 2.0813 2.0788 2.0725 2.0664 2.0639 2.0604 2.0545 2.0431 2.0321 1.9824
200 8.9049 8.1592 7.8356 7.0610 6.6955 2.3298 2.3267 2.3235 2.3205 2.3174 2.3100 2.3027 2.2998 2.2956 2.2888 2.2755 2.2628 2.2064
225 9.0053 8.2602 7.9374 7.1702 6.8165 6.4160 2.5612 2.5573 2.5536 2.5499 2.5409 2.5322 2.5287 2.5237 2.5156 2.5000 2.4853 2.4210
250 9.1015 8.3568 8.0346 7.2724 6.9265 6.5475 2.7935 2.7886 2.7839 2.7792 2.7680 2.7573 2.7530 2.7471 2.7373 2.7187 2.7013 2.6277
275 9.1938 8.4495 8.1277 7.3692 7.0286 6.6631 6.2312 3.0222 3.0159 3.0097 2.9951 2.9814 2.9760 2.9685 2.9563 2.9336 2.9128 2.8276
300 9.2827 8.5386 8.2172 7.4614 7.1246 6.7684 6.3639 6.0703 5.7937 3.2488 3.2279 3.2091 3.2018 3.1919 3.1760 3.1473 3.1218 3.0219
325 9.3684 8.6246 8.3034 7.5497 7.2158 6.8662 6.4797 6.2137 5.9851 5.7596 3.4793 3.4495 3.4385 3.4241 3.4017 3.3634 3.3308 3.2117
350 9.4513 8.7076 8.3866 7.6346 7.3029 6.9583 6.5843 6.3357 6.1321 5.9459 5.4437 3.7290 3.7069 3.6804 3.6436 3.5871 3.5431 3.3979
375 9.5315 8.7880 8.4671 7.7164 7.3864 7.0457 6.6809 6.4441 6.2561 6.0911 5.7050 5.2275 4.7985 4.0344 3.9313 3.8290 3.7642 3.5816
400 9.6094 8.8659 8.5452 7.7955 7.4669 7.1292 6.7714 6.5432 6.3658 6.2141 5.8819 5.5525 5.4001 5.1400 4.4757 4.1145 4.0029 3.7639
425 9.6849 8.9416 8.6209 7.8722 7.5447 7.2093 6.8570 6.6352 6.4655 6.3229 6.0229 5.7514 5.6384 5.4707 5.1473 4.5044 4.2746 3.9455
450 9.7584 9.0151 8.6946 7.9465 7.6200 7.2866 6.9386 6.7219 6.5579 6.4219 6.1434 5.9043 5.8098 5.6759 5.4421 4.9448 4.5896 4.1271
475 9.8300 9.0867 8.7663 8.0188 7.6931 7.3613 7.0169 6.8041 6.6445 6.5135 6.2505 6.0324 5.9487 5.8331 5.6404 5.2556 4.9097 4.3089
500 9.8998 9.1566 8.8361 8.0892 7.7641 7.4337 7.0922 6.8826 6.7266 6.5995 6.3480 6.1446 6.0682 5.9642 5.7956 5.4744 5.1762 4.4900
550 10.0344 9.2913 8.9709 8.2249 7.9008 7.5725 7.2355 7.0307 6.8799 6.7585 6.5230 6.3389 6.2715 6.1816 6.0402 5.7857 5.5563 4.8405
600 10.1631 9.4201 9.0998 8.3543 8.0310 7.7043 7.3705 7.1693 7.0221 6.9045 6.6796 6.5075 6.4455 6.3637 6.2373 6.0170 5.8245 5.1581
650 10.2866 9.5436 9.2234 8.4784 8.1557 7.8302 7.4988 7.3001 7.1556 7.0408 6.8233 6.6593 6.6008 6.5242 6.4074 6.2078 6.0373 5.4315
700 10.4055 9.6625 9.3424 8.5977 8.2755 7.9509 7.6214 7.4246 7.2821 7.1693 6.9572 6.7990 6.7431 6.6702 6.5598 6.3740 6.2178 5.6639
750 10.5202 9.7773 9.4572 8.7128 8.3909 8.0670 7.7390 7.5438 7.4028 7.2916 7.0836 6.9297 6.8756 6.8054 6.6997 6.5236 6.3775 5.8642
800 10.6311 9.8882 9.5681 8.8240 8.5024 8.1790 7.8523 7.6582 7.5184 7.4085 7.2037 7.0531 7.0004 6.9322 6.8300 6.6612 6.5225 6.0406
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
12/01/21 26
DENSITY OF WATER AND STEAM kg/m3
Pressure (bar)
0.1 0.5 1 5 10 20 40 60 80 100 150 200 220.64 250 300 400 500 1000
Temp (oC) Critical Isobar
0.01 999.8 999.8 999.8 1000.0 1000.3 1000.8 1001.8 1002.8 1003.8 1004.8 1007.3 1009.7 1010.7 1012.2 1014.5 1019.2 1023.8 1045.3
25 997.0 997.0 997.0 997.2 997.5 997.9 998.8 999.7 1000.6 1001.5 1003.7 1005.8 1006.7 1008.0 1010.1 1014.3 1018.4 1037.9
50 0.0673 988.0 988.0 988.2 988.4 988.9 989.7 990.6 991.5 992.3 994.4 996.5 997.4 998.6 1000.7 1004.7 1008.7 1027.4
75 0.0624 974.8 974.8 975.0 975.2 975.7 976.6 977.5 978.3 979.2 981.3 983.5 984.4 985.6 987.7 991.8 995.8 1014.6
100 0.0582 0.293 0.590 958.5 958.8 959.2 960.2 961.1 962.0 962.9 965.2 967.4 968.4 969.6 971.8 976.1 980.3 999.8
125 0.0545 0.274 0.550 939.2 939.4 939.9 940.9 941.9 942.9 943.9 946.4 948.8 949.8 951.2 953.5 958.1 962.5 983.1
150 0.0512 0.257 0.516 917.0 917.3 917.9 919.0 920.1 921.2 922.3 925.0 927.7 928.8 930.3 932.9 937.9 942.7 964.8
175 0.0484 0.243 0.487 2.503 892.4 893.0 894.3 895.6 896.8 898.1 901.1 904.1 905.4 907.1 909.9 915.5 920.9 945.0
200 0.0458 0.230 0.460 2.353 4.850 865.0 866.5 868.0 869.5 870.9 874.5 878.0 879.4 881.3 884.6 890.9 897.0 923.7
225 0.0435 0.218 0.437 2.223 4.550 9.63 835.1 836.9 838.7 840.4 844.7 848.8 850.5 852.8 856.6 864.0 870.9 901.0
250 0.0414 0.207 0.416 2.108 4.300 8.97 798.9 801.2 803.5 805.7 811.0 816.1 818.1 820.9 825.6 834.3 842.4 876.7
275 0.0395 0.198 0.396 2.006 4.070 8.43 18.31 759.1 762.2 765.1 772.2 778.7 781.3 784.8 790.6 801.4 811.1 850.8
300 0.0378 0.189 0.379 1.913 3.880 7.97 16.99 27.63 41.2 715.3 725.6 734.7 738.2 743.0 750.7 764.4 776.5 823.2
325 0.0362 0.181 0.363 1.830 3.700 7.57 15.93 25.39 36.5 50.3 664.9 679.8 685.3 692.4 703.4 722.0 737.6 793.7
350 0.0348 0.174 0.348 1.754 3.540 7.21 15.04 23.67 33.4 44.6 87.1 600.6 612.0 625.5 643.9 671.9 693.2 762.3
375 0.0334 0.167 0.335 1.684 3.390 6.90 14.28 22.27 31.0 40.7 71.9 130.3 210.0 505.5 558.2 609.3 641.2 728.8
400 0.0322 0.161 0.322 1.620 3.260 6.61 13.62 21.09 29.1 37.8 63.8 100.5 121.9 166.5 357.4 523.3 577.8 692.9
425 0.0310 0.155 0.311 1.561 3.140 6.35 13.03 20.07 27.5 35.5 58.3 87.1 101.8 126.8 188.7 394.1 497.7 654.7
450 0.0300 0.150 0.300 1.506 3.030 6.11 12.49 19.17 26.2 33.6 54.1 78.6 90.3 109.0 148.4 270.9 402.0 614.2
475 0.0290 0.145 0.290 1.454 2.920 5.90 12.01 18.37 25.0 31.9 50.8 72.4 82.4 97.8 128.1 210.0 315.2 571.7
500 0.0280 0.140 0.280 1.407 2.820 5.69 11.57 17.65 23.9 30.5 48.0 67.6 76.4 89.7 115.1 177.8 257.1 528.3
550 0.0263 0.132 0.263 1.320 2.650 5.33 10.79 16.39 22.1 28.0 43.6 60.3 67.7 78.5 98.3 143.2 195.4 444.6
600 0.0248 0.124 0.248 1.244 2.490 5.01 10.12 15.32 20.6 26.1 40.1 55.0 61.4 70.7 87.4 123.6 163.7 374.2
650 0.0235 0.117 0.235 1.176 2.360 4.73 9.53 14.40 19.4 24.4 37.3 50.8 56.5 64.8 79.4 110.5 143.7 321.0
700 0.0223 0.111 0.223 1.115 2.230 4.48 9.01 13.60 18.2 22.9 34.9 47.3 52.5 60.1 73.2 100.7 129.6 282.0
750 0.0212 0.106 0.212 1.060 2.120 4.25 8.55 12.88 17.3 21.7 32.9 44.4 49.2 56.2 68.2 93.1 118.8 253.0
800 0.020 0.101 0.202 1.010 2.020 4.05 8.14 12.25 16.4 20.6 31.1 41.9 46.4 52.8 64.0 86.8 110.2 230.6
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
12/01/21 27
SPECIFIC INTERNAL ENERGY OF WATER AND STEAM kJ/kg
Pressure (bar)
0.1 0.5 1 5 10 20 40 60 80 100 150 200 220.64 250 300 400 500 1000
Temp (oC) Critical Isobar
0.01 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 -0.2
25 104.8 104.8 104.8 104.8 104.7 104.7 104.5 104.4 104.2 104.1 103.7 103.3 103.2 102.9 102.6 101.9 101.1 97.7
50 2443.3 209.3 209.3 209.3 209.2 209.0 208.7 208.4 208.2 207.9 207.1 206.4 206.2 205.8 205.1 203.7 202.5 196.6
75 2479.5 314.0 314.0 313.9 313.8 313.6 313.1 312.7 312.3 311.9 310.8 309.8 309.4 308.8 307.8 305.9 304.1 295.8
100 2515.5 2511.5 2506.2 418.9 418.8 418.5 417.9 417.4 416.8 416.2 414.8 413.5 412.9 412.2 410.9 408.4 405.9 395.1
125 2551.6 2548.7 2545.0 524.7 524.5 524.2 523.4 522.7 522.0 521.2 519.5 517.8 517.1 516.1 514.4 511.2 508.2 494.6
150 2587.9 2585.7 2582.9 631.6 631.4 630.9 630.0 629.1 628.2 627.3 625.1 622.9 622.0 620.8 618.7 614.8 611.0 594.3
175 2624.5 2622.8 2620.6 2601.6 740.0 739.4 738.2 737.0 735.9 734.8 732.0 729.3 728.2 726.7 724.1 719.3 714.6 694.4
200 2661.3 2660.0 2658.2 2643.3 2622.2 850.1 848.6 847.2 845.7 844.3 840.8 837.5 836.1 834.2 831.1 825.1 819.4 795.1
225 2698.5 2697.4 2695.9 2683.9 2667.3 2628.5 962.3 960.5 958.6 956.8 952.4 948.1 946.4 944.1 940.2 932.7 925.8 896.6
250 2736.1 2735.1 2733.9 2723.8 2710.4 2680.2 1080.8 1078.2 1075.8 1073.4 1067.6 1062.2 1060.0 1057.0 1052.0 1042.7 1034.2 999.1
275 2774.0 2773.2 2772.1 2763.6 2752.3 2727.8 2668.9 1203.0 1199.5 1196.2 1188.3 1181.0 1178.1 1174.2 1167.7 1155.9 1145.2 1102.7
300 2812.3 2811.6 2810.6 2803.2 2793.6 2773.2 2726.2 2668.4 2592.3 1329.4 1317.6 1307.1 1303.1 1297.6 1288.9 1273.3 1259.6 1207.6
325 2850.9 2850.3 2849.5 2843.0 2834.7 2817.2 2778.3 2733.1 2679.2 2611.6 1463.0 1445.8 1439.5 1431.2 1418.4 1396.7 1378.6 1314.3
350 2890.0 2889.4 2888.7 2883.0 2875.7 2860.5 2827.4 2790.4 2748.3 2699.6 2520.9 1612.7 1599.6 1583.9 1562.2 1529.3 1503.9 1422.8
375 2929.5 2929.0 2928.3 2923.2 2916.7 2903.3 2874.7 2843.4 2808.9 2770.7 2650.4 2449.1 2232.6 1799.9 1738.1 1677.0 1638.6 1533.6
400 2969.3 2968.9 2968.3 2963.7 2957.9 2945.9 2920.7 2893.7 2864.6 2833.1 2740.6 2617.9 2551.9 2428.5 2068.9 1854.9 1787.8 1646.8
425 3009.6 3009.2 3008.7 3004.5 2999.2 2988.5 2966.1 2942.4 2917.2 2890.4 2815.0 2723.5 2679.3 2607.8 2452.8 2097.5 1960.2 1762.9
450 3050.3 3049.9 3049.4 3045.6 3040.9 3031.1 3011.0 2989.9 2967.8 2944.5 2880.7 2807.2 2773.4 2721.2 2618.9 2364.2 2160.3 1881.9
475 3091.4 3091.0 3090.6 3087.1 3082.8 3073.9 3055.7 3036.7 3017.0 2996.5 2941.3 2879.7 2852.1 2810.5 2732.7 2549.7 2361.4 2003.6
500 3132.9 3132.6 3132.2 3129.0 3125.0 3116.9 3100.3 3083.1 3065.4 3047.0 2998.4 2945.3 2922.0 2887.3 2824.0 2681.6 2528.1 2126.9
550 3217.2 3217.0 3216.6 3213.9 3210.5 3203.6 3189.5 3175.2 3160.5 3145.4 3106.2 3064.7 3046.9 3020.8 2974.5 2875.0 2769.5 2371.0
600 3303.3 3303.1 3302.8 3300.4 3297.5 3291.5 3279.4 3267.2 3254.7 3242.0 3209.3 3175.3 3160.9 3140.0 3103.4 3026.8 2947.1 2597.9
650 3391.2 3391.0 3390.7 3388.6 3386.0 3380.8 3370.3 3359.6 3348.9 3337.9 3310.1 3281.4 3269.3 3251.9 3221.7 3159.5 3095.6 2798.9
700 3480.8 3480.6 3480.4 3478.5 3476.2 3471.6 3462.4 3453.0 3443.6 3434.0 3409.8 3385.1 3374.7 3359.9 3334.3 3282.0 3228.7 2976.1
750 3572.2 3572.0 3571.8 3570.2 3568.1 3564.0 3555.8 3547.5 3539.1 3530.7 3509.4 3487.7 3478.7 3465.8 3443.6 3398.6 3353.1 3135.2
800 3665.3 3665.2 3665.0 3663.6 3661.7 3658.0 3650.6 3643.2 3635.7 3628.2 3609.2 3590.1 3582.1 3570.7 3551.2 3511.8 3472.2 3281.7
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
12/01/21 28
TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF SATURATED WATER & STEAM
Temp.
C
Specific volume m3/kg
Isobaric specific heat capacity
kJ/kg K
Thermal conductivity W/m K
Dynamic viscosity kg/s m
Prandtl number
= pc Temp.
C
fv gv fpc
gpc f g 310/ −
f 610/ −
g fPr gPr
0.01 0.00100 206.2 4.217 1.854 0.569 0.0173 1.755 8.8 13.02 0.942 0.01
10 0.00100 106.4 4.193 1.860 0.587 0.0185 1.301 9.1 9.29 0.915 10
20 0.00100 57.8 4.182 1.866 0.603 0.0191 1.002 9.4 6.95 0.918 20
30 0.00100 32.9 4.179 1.885 0.618 0.0198 0.797 9.7 5.39 0.923 30
40 0.00101 19.5 4.179 1.885 0.632 0.0204 0.651 10.1 4.31 0.930 40
50 0.00101 12.05 4.181 1.899 0.643 0.0210 0.544 10.4 3.53 0.939 50
60 0.00102 7.68 4.185 1.915 0.653 0.0217 0.462 10.7 2.96 0.947 60
70 0.00102 5.05 4.190 1.936 0.662 0.0224 0.400 11.1 2.53 0.956 70
80 0.00103 3.41 4.197 1.962 0.670 0.0231 0.350 11.4 2.19 0.966 80
90 0.00104 2.36 4.205 1.992 0.676 0.0240 0.311 11.7 1.93 0.976 90
100 0.00104 1.673 4.216 2.028 0.681 0.0249 0.278 12.1 1.723 0.986 100
125 0.00107 0.770 4.254 2.147 0.687 0.0272 0.219 13.3 1.358 1.047 125
150 0.00109 0.392 4.310 2.314 0.687 0.0300 0.180 14.4 1.133 1.110 150
175 0.00112 0.217 4.389 2.542 0.679 0.0334 0.153 15.6 0.990 1.185 175
200 0.00116 0.127 4.497 2.843 0.665 0.0375 0.133 16.7 0.902 1.270 200
225 0.00120 0.0783 4.648 3.238 0.644 0.0427 0.1182 17.9 0.853 1.36 225
250 0.00125 0.0500 4.867 3.772 0.616 0.0495 0.1065 19.1 0.841 1.45 250
275 0.00132 0.0327 5.202 4.561 0.582 0.0587 0.0972 20.2 0.869 1.56 275
300 0.00140 0.0216 5.762 5.863 0.541 0.0719 0.0897 21.4 0.955 1.74 300
325 0.00153 0.0142 6.861 8.440 0.493 0.0929 0.0790 23.0 1.100 2.09 325
350 0.00174 0.00880 10.10 17.15 0.437 0.1343 0.0648 25.8 1.50 3.29 350
360 0.00190 0.00694 14.6 25.1 0.400 0.168 0.0582 27.5 2.11 3.89 360
374.15 0.00317 0.00317 0.24 0.24 0.045 45.0 374.15
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
12/01/21 29
TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF STEAM
Temp.
C
Isobaric sp. heat capacity
kJ/kg K
Thermal conductivity
W/m K
Dynamic viscosity kg/s m
Prandtl number
pc 610/ − Pr = pc
100 2.028 0.0245 12.1 0.986 200 1.979 0.0331 16.2 0.968 300 2.010 0.0434 20.4 0.946 400 2.067 0.0548 24.6 0.928
500 2.132 0.0673 28.8 0.912 600 2.201 0.0805 32.9 0.898 700 2.268 0.0942 36.8 0.887 800 2.332 0.1080 40.6 0.876
Values for water at atmospheric pressure between 0C and 100C are given with sufficient
accuracy by the saturated values in the previous table.
The above values are correct for a pressure of 1 atm = 1.01325 bar but may be used with
sufficient accuracy at other pressures.
TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF AIR
Temp.
C
Isobaric sp. heat capacity
kJ/kg K
Thermal conductivity
W/m K
Dynamic viscosity kg/s m
Prandtl number
pc 610/ − Pr = pc
-100 1.01 0.016 12 0.75 0 1.01 0.024 17 0.72
100 1.02 0.032 22 0.70 200 1.03 0.039 26 0.69 300 1.05 0.045 30 0.69 400 1.07 0.051 33 0.70
500 1.10 0.056 36 0.70 600 1.12 0.061 39 0.71 700 1.14 0.066 42 0.72 800 1.16 0.071 44 0.73
This table may be used with reasonable accuracy for values of cp, , and Pr of N2, O2 and
CO.
The above values are correct for a pressure of 1 atm = 1.01325 bar but may be used with
sufficient accuracy at other pressures.
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
12/01/21 30
TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF CARBON DIOXIDE
Temp.
C
Isobaric sp. heat capacity
kJ/kg K
Thermal conductivity
W/m K
Dynamic viscosity kg/s m
Prandtl number
pc 610/ − Pr = pc
-50 0.79 0.011 11 0.79 0 0.83 0.015 14 0.78
100 0.92 0.022 18 0.75 200 1.00 0.030 22 0.73 300 1.06 0.038 26 0.72 400 1.11 0.046 29 0.71
500 1.16 0.053 32 0.70 600 1.20 0.061 35 0.69 700 1.23 0.069 38 0.68 800 1.25 0.078 41 0.67
The above values are correct for a pressure of 1 atm = 1.01325 bar but may be used with
sufficient accuracy at other pressures.
TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN
Temp.
C
Isobaric sp. heat capacity
kJ/kg K
Thermal conductivity
W/m K
Dynamic viscosity kg/s m
Prandtl number
pc 610/ − Pr = pc
-200 10.6 0.050 3.3 0.71 -100 13.1 0.112 6.2 0.72
0 14.2 0.172 8.4 0.69
100 14.5 0.220 10.3 0.68 200 14.5 0.307 12.1 0.67 300 14.5 0.307 13.8 0.66 400 14.6 0.348 15.4 0.65
500 14.7 0.387 16.9 0.64 600 14.8 0.427 18.3 0.63 700 14.9 0.476 19.9 0.62 800 15.1 0.528 21.1 0.61
The above values are correct for a pressure of 1 atm = 1.01325 bar but may be used with
sufficient accuracy at other pressures.
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
12/01/21 31
PERFECT GAS RELATIONS
FOR COMPRESSIBLE FLOW FOR =1.4
Mach Number
−
+−
−+
−=
1
1
2
1
2
0
0
2
11
1
MM
Ap
Tcm p
12
0 2
11
−
−+= M
T
T
1
1
2
0 2
11
−−
−+=
M
12
0 2
11
−−
−+=
M
p
p
Notes:
(1) .0 constT = in adiabatic flow with no shaft work
(2) If flow is isentropic,
. and . 00 constconstp == when .0 constT =
(3) At Mach 1 and when =1.4, 281.10
0=
Ap
Tcm p
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
12/01/21 32
PROPERTIES OF GASES AT SEA LEVEL CONDITIONS
The following data are at bar 1.01325=slp and C 15 =slT .
Air 2CO 2H He
Density 3kg/m 1.225 1.860 0.0852 0.1693
Viscosity s kg/m 6109.17 − 6104.14 − 6109.8 − 6107.19 −
Kinematic viscosity /sm 2 61064.14 − 6107.7 − 610104 −
610116 −
Speed of sound m/s 340 264 1292 988
Thermal conductivity K W/m 0.0252 0.0153 0.180 0.150
PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS AT SEA LEVEL CONDITIONS
The following data are at bar 1.01325=slp and C 15 =slT .
Hg OH 2
Density 3kg/m 13595.1 1000
Viscosity s kg/m 31059.1 − 31014.1 −
Kinematic viscosity /sm 2 610117.0 −
61014.1 −
Thermal conductivity K W/m 8.36 0.620
THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ATMOSPHERE
The sea-level condition for the international standard atmosphere is given by
Hg mm 760bar .013251 ==slp
K 288.15C 15 ==slT
for which
3kg/m 225.1=sl
/sm 1064.14 26−==sl
slsl
m/s 340== slsl RTa
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
12/01/21 33
PROPERTIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ATMOSPHERE AT ALTITUDE
Height
m slT
T
slp
p
sl
sl
0 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
1000 0.9774 0.8870 0.9075 1.0826
2000 0.9549 0.7846 0.8217 1.1739
3000 0.9324 0.6920 0.7422 1.2753
4000 0.9098 0.6085 0.6689 1.3881
5000 0.8873 0.5334 0.6012 1.5138
6000 0.8648 0.4660 0.5389 1.6543
7000 0.8423 0.4057 0.4816 1.8117
8000 0.8198 0.3519 0.4292 1.9887
9000 0.7973 0.3040 0.3813 2.1881
10000 0.7748 0.2615 0.3376 2.4137
11000 0.7523 0.2240 0.2978 2.6697
12000 0.7519 0.1915 0.2546 3.1206
13000 0.7519 0.1636 0.2176 3.6514
14000 0.7519 0.1398 0.1860 4.2722
15000 0.7519 0.1195 0.1590 4.9983
16000 0.7519 0.1022 0.1359 5.8476
17000 0.7519 0.0873 0.1162 6.8408
18000 0.7519 0.0747 0.0993 8.0023
19000 0.7519 0.0638 0.0849 9.3606
20000 0.7519 0.0546 0.0726 10.9488
21000 0.7551 0.0467 0.0618 12.9031
22000 0.7585 0.0399 0.0527 15.2021
23000 0.7620 0.0342 0.0449 17.8964
24000 0.7654 0.0293 0.0383 21.0515
25000 0.7689 0.0252 0.0327 24.7434
26000 0.7723 0.0216 0.0280 29.0603
27000 0.7758 0.0186 0.0239 34.1039
28000 0.7792 0.0160 0.0205 39.9926
29000 0.7826 0.0137 0.0175 46.8626
30000 0.7861 0.0118 0.0150 54.8714
The speed of sound at altitude is given by
slsl T
T
a
a=
The viscosity at altitude is given approximately by
4.110
10458.1 2/36
+
=
−
T
T kg/m.s
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
12/01/21 34
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS
Absolute zero of temperature -273.15C
Acceleration due to gravity, g 9. 80665 m/s2
Avogadro’s number, AN 6.022x1026 kmol-1
Base of natural logarithms, e 2.7182818
Boltzmann’s constant, k 1.381 x 10-23 J/K
Electronic charge, e -1.602 x 10-19 C
Faraday’s constant, F 9.648 x 107 C/kmol
Universal Gas constant, R 8.3143 kJ/kmol K
Permeability of vacuum, µo 1.257 x 10-6 H/m
Permittivity of vacuum, εo 8.854 x 10-12 F/m
Pi, 3.14159265
Planck’s constant, h 6.626 x 10-34 Js
Stefan-Boltzmann’s constant, 5.67x10-8 W/m2K4
Velocity of light in vacuum, c 2.998 x 108 m/s
Volume of perfect gas at STP 22.41 m3/kmol
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
12/01/21 35
CONVERSION OF NON-SI TO SI UNITS
Non SI Unit Conversion SI
Unit
Length
1 yard (yd) = 0.9144 m
1 foot (ft) = 0.9144/3.0 0.3048 m
1 inch (in) = 0.9144/36.0 0.0254 m
1 mile (mile) = 17609144.0 1609 m
Mass
1 pound (lb) = 0.45359237 kg
1 ounce (oz) = 160.45359237 0.02835 kg
1 hundredweight (cwt) = 1210.45359237 50.8 kg
1 tonne (t) = = 1000 kg
1 ton (ton) = 22400.45359237 1016 kg
Force
1 dyne (dyn) = 10-5 N
1 ounce (ozf) = 9.80665/160.45359237 0.278 N
1 pound force (lbf) = 9.806650.45359237 4.45 N
1 ton force (tonf) = 22409.806650.45359237 9960 N
Volume
1 Imperial gallon (gal) = 0.0045460916 m3
1 pint (pt) = 16/80.00454609 0.0005683 m3
1 litre (l) = 0.001 m3
Dynamic Viscosity
1 poise (P) = 0.1 Ns/m2
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
12/01/21 36
CONVERSION OF NON-SI TO SI UNITS cont.
Non SI Unit Conversion SI
Unit
Kinematic Viscosity
1 stokes (St) = 10-4 m2/s
Energy
1 erg = 10-7 J
1 calorie (cal) = 4.1868 J
1 Cal (kcal) = 4186.8 J
1 Btu = 8.1/45359237.01868.4 1055 J
Power
1 horsepower (hp) = 80665.945359237.03
0.9144550
746 W
Pressure
1 dyn/cm2 = 0.1 Pa
1 N/m2 = 1 Pa
1 mm H2O = 9.80665 0.001 1000 = 9.80665 Pa
1 mm Hg = 9.80665 0.001 13595.1 = 133.32 Pa
1 torr = 101325/760 = 133.32 Pa
1 in Hg = 36
0.91449.80665 13595.1 = 3386 Pa
1 lb/in2 =
2
0.9144
36 9.806650.45359237
= 6895 Pa
1 bar = 100000 Pa
1 atm = 101325 Pa
1 kgf/mm2 = 1000000 9.806651 = 9806650 Pa
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
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SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Haywood, RW, “Thermodynamic Tables in SI (metric) Units”, 3rd Edition, CUP.
Gas Flow Tables, CUED, 1975.
Houghton E.L., Brock A.E., “Tables for compressible flow of dry air: giving major parameters
for the Mach number range 0 to 4”, 3rd Edition, London, 1975
Kay, GWC, and Laby, TH, “Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants and Some Mathematic
Functions” 14th Ed, Longman, 1972
US Standard Atmosphere, NOAA-S/T 76-1562, 1976
The Pressure-Enthalpy chart for the refrigerant R-134a produced by Antoine Koen, 2020.
Data from CoolProp. doi:10.1021/ie4033999
CRITICAL POINT DATA FOR REFRIGERANT R-134a (CH2FCF3)
Critical Temperature = 101.08 oC
Critical Pressure = 40.603 bar
Critical Volume = 0.0019 m3/kg
Molecular Weight = 102.03 kg/kMol
THERMOFLUIDS_DATA_v_20
12/01/21 38
PROPERTIES TABLE FOR REFRIGERANT R-134a (CH2FCF3)
Saturation Temp.
oC
Saturation Pressure
bar
Saturated Superheated by Saturation Temp. Specific volume
m3/kg
Specific enthalpy
kJ/kg
Specific entropy
kJ/kg K
20K 40K
kJ/kg kJ/kg K kJ/kg kJ/kg K oC
Tsat Psat vf vg hf hg sf sg h s h s Tsat
-45 0.39 0.00070 0.46458 141.9 370.8 0.7687 1.7722 385.8 1.8348 401.3 1.8949 -45
-40 0.51 0.00071 0.36094 148.1 374.0 0.7956 1.7643 389.2 1.8270 405.0 1.8869 -40
-35 0.66 0.00071 0.28390 154.4 377.2 0.8221 1.7574 392.7 1.8201 408.6 1.8797 -35
-30 0.84 0.00072 0.22585 160.8 380.3 0.8483 1.7512 396.1 1.8139 412.3 1.8734 -30
-25 1.06 0.00073 0.18155 167.2 383.4 0.8743 1.7458 399.5 1.8085 416.0 1.8678 -25
-20 1.33 0.00074 0.14735 173.6 386.5 0.8999 1.7410 402.9 1.8037 419.7 1.8629 -20
-15 1.64 0.00074 0.12065 180.1 389.6 0.9253 1.7368 406.3 1.7995 423.4 1.8587 -15
-10 2.01 0.00075 0.09959 186.7 392.7 0.9505 1.7331 409.7 1.7959 427.0 1.8550 -10
-5 2.43 0.00076 0.08281 193.3 395.6 0.9753 1.7299 413.1 1.7927 430.7 1.8518 -5
0 2.93 0.00077 0.06933 200.0 398.6 1.0000 1.7270 416.4 1.7900 434.3 1.8491 0
5 3.50 0.00078 0.05840 206.8 401.5 1.0244 1.7245 419.7 1.7877 437.9 1.8469 5
10 4.15 0.00079 0.04947 213.6 404.3 1.0486 1.7222 422.9 1.7857 441.5 1.8450 10
15 4.88 0.00080 0.04212 220.5 407.1 1.0726 1.7202 426.1 1.7840 445.0 1.8434 15
20 5.72 0.00082 0.03602 227.5 409.8 1.0965 1.7183 429.3 1.7825 448.5 1.8422 20
25 6.65 0.00083 0.03093 234.6 412.3 1.1202 1.7165 432.3 1.7813 452.0 1.8412 25
30 7.70 0.00084 0.02666 241.7 414.8 1.1438 1.7148 435.4 1.7803 455.4 1.8405 30
35 8.87 0.00086 0.02305 249.0 417.2 1.1672 1.7130 438.3 1.7794 458.8 1.8399 35
40 10.17 0.00087 0.01999 256.4 419.4 1.1906 1.7112 441.2 1.7786 462.1 1.8395 40
45 11.60 0.00089 0.01736 263.9 421.5 1.2140 1.7093 444.0 1.7779 465.4 1.8393 45
50 13.18 0.00091 0.01511 271.6 423.4 1.2374 1.7073 446.7 1.7772 468.6 1.8392 50
60 16.82 0.00095 0.01148 287.5 426.6 1.2846 1.7022 451.8 1.7759 474.8 1.8392 60
70 21.16 0.00101 0.00871 304.3 428.6 1.3329 1.6953 456.4 1.7743 480.7 1.8394 70
80 26.33 0.00108 0.00654 322.4 428.8 1.3834 1.6848 460.4 1.7722 486.2 1.8395 80
90 32.45 0.00119 0.00481 342.9 425.4 1.4393 1.6665 463.8 1.7692 491.3 1.8392 90
100 39.73 0.00148 0.00345 373.3 407.7 1.5183 1.6105 466.4 1.7650 495.9 1.8384 100