THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEMMr. Hamill
Period 2- Family Life
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Endocrine Glands- ductless or tubeless organs or groups of cells that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream
Hormones-Chemical Messengers that help regulate many bodily functions
Key & Lock Mechanism
Some trigger functions, Some trigger glands
Hormone levels are controlled by many factors
PITUITARY GLAND
Pituitary Gland aka Master Gland
Three sections Anterior, Intermediate, Posterior
Anterior-Growth Hormones, Thyroid Gland, Adrenal Gland, Sexual Glands
Intermediate- Melanocyte (Skin Pigment)
Posterior- ADH (Water Regulation)
ADRENAL GLANDS
Stress Relief & Emergency Response
Two Parts: Adrenal Cortex & Adrenal Medulla
Cortex- Hormones that control sodium levels, metabolism of 3 basic nutrients, and blood pressure
Medulla- Epinephrine aka. Adrenaline
Epinephrine- Increases breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and suppresses digestion
OTHER GLANDS
Hypothalamus- Activates the Pituitary Gland
Pineal- Releases Melatonin (Sleep & Puberty)
Thyroid- Regulates metabolism, body heat, and bone growth
Pancreas-Glucagon and Insulin
Testes & Ovaries- Sexual Development both primary and secondary
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM HEALTH
Sleep
Balanced Meals
Stress Levels
Genetic
Increase in hormones=Health Problems
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
MALE REPRODUCTION
Two functions- Produce and Store Sperm
Sperm- The male gametes, or reproductive cells
Must be transferred to females body for reproduction
Puberty 12-15
Testosterone Production stimulated by the pituitary gland
Can produce sperm for lifetime
EXTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
Testes (Testicles)-two small glands that produce sperm & testosterone
Scrotum-an external skin sac
Penis-the tube shaped organ that extends from the trunk of the body just above the testes
^Made of spongy tissue and many blood vessels=Erections
Semen-a thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions
Ejaculation-muscular contractions that force out sperm/semen at the height of sexual arousal
REPRODUCTION CONTINUED
Fertilization- the joining of male and female egg cell
Foreskin-At birth the tip of the penis is covered by a thin, loose skin
Circumcision- The removal of the foreskin
Sperm cannot live in hot temperatures, acidic areas
Scrotum=temperature regulator, movement of the testicles
Tight clothing=less living sperm
MAINTAINING A HEALTHY SYSTEM
Wash
Wear protective equipment
Practice abstinence
Perform Regular Self-Examinations
Get Regular Check-Ups
MALE REPRODUCTIVE PROBLEMS
STD’s
Inguinal Hernia-intestines push through a tear in the abdominal wall
Sterility-inability to reproduce, few sperm or sperm quality. Exposure to x-rays, radiation, toxic chemicals, hormonal imbalances, STD’s, drugs
Testicular Cancer
Prostate Problems/Prostate Cancer
THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Two functions-Producing sex hormones & eggs
Eggs/Ova-Female gametes
Ovaries-The female sex glands that store the ova and produce female sex hormone
Uterus-hollow, muscular, pear shaped organ that protects and nourishes a fertilized egg until birth
400,000 Ova
Ovulation- The process of releasing a mature ovum into the fallopian tube each month
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
Fallopian Tubes- a pair of tubes with fingerlike projections that draw in the ovum
Vagina-A muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body
Zygote- a fertilized egg
MENSTRUATION
Female Maturity, Uterus thickens
Endometrium breaks down
Menstruation-the shedding of the uterine lining
Cervix-The opening from the uterus to the vagina
10-15 years of age
Hormones control
Menopause 45-55
MAINTAINING REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Bathe Regularly
Medical Exams-(Pap Smear)
Practice Abstinence
Breast Self-Exam
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM PROBLEMS
Menstrual Cramps
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
FEMALE REP. PROBLEMS CONTINUED
Endometriosis- Uterine tissues grow elsewhere
STD’s
Vaginitis
Ovarian Cysts
Cervical, Uterine, and Ovarian Cancers