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Timebegins• Theuniversebegins~13.7Billionyearsago
• Theuniversebeginsasthesizeofasingleatom
• Theuniversebeganasaviolentexpansion– AllmaAerandspacewerecreatedfromasinglepointofpureenergyinaninstant
~ 3 minutes after big bang• The universe has grown from
the size of an atom to larger than the size a grapefruit
• E=mc2
• Energy froze into matter according to Albert Einstein’s equation.
• This basically says that like snowflakes freezing, energy forms matter into clumps that today we call protons, neutrons and electrons.
• These parts later form into atoms
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~SeveralhundredthousandyearsaFerBigBang
• ATOMS form (specifically Hydrogen and its isotopes with a small amount of Helium.)
• The early Universe was about 75% Hydrogen and 25% Helium. It is still almost the same today.
~200to400millionyearsaFerBigBang
• 1ststarsandgalaxiesform
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~4.6billionyearsago
• OurSolarsystemforms
MisconcepKonsabouttheBigBang
• therewasnoexplosion;therewas(andconKnuestobe)anexpansion– Ratherthanimaginingaballoonpoppingandreleasingitscontents,imagineaballoonexpanding:aninfinitesimallysmallballoonexpandingtothesizeofourcurrentuniverse
• wetendtoimagethesingularityasaliAlefireballappearingsomewhereinspace– spacebeganinsideofthesingularity.Priortothesingularity,nothingexisted,notspace,Kme,maAer,orenergy-nothing.
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BigBangTimeline–Include,labelandcolor1. Whathappened2. Wheneachevent
(thing)happened
• BigBang–energy• MaAer• E=mc2• protons• Neutrons• electrons
• Atoms• Hydrogen• helium
• Starsandgalaxies• Oursolarsystem• Sunandallplanets
• Earth(presentday)
BigBangevidence
1) UniversalexpansionandHubble’sLaw2) 3degreebackgroundradiaKon3) Quasars4) RadioacKvedecay5) StellarformaKonandevoluKon6) Speedoflightandstellardistances
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1.UniversalexpansionandHubble’sLawa) Hubbleobservedthemajorityofgalaxiesare
movingawayfromusandeachotherb) Thefarther,thefastertheymovec) RedShiF
2.BackgroundradiaKona) NoiseradiaKon(staKc)is
evenlyspreadacrossspaceb) TheamountofradiaKon
matchedpredicKonsc) C.O.B.Esatelliteconfirmedfor
theenKreuniversethatnoiseradiaKon(staKc)isevenlyspread
d) LawofconservaKonofenergy(energycanneitherbecreatedordestroyed)–energyremainsconstantoverKme
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3.Quasars-superlarge(solarsystemsize)galacKccoresthatputoutmorelightthanwholegalaxies
• Onlyfound10-15billionlightyearsaway
• Foundnowhereelse• Nothingexistspastthem
4.RadioacKvedecay• RadiometricdaKng–givesustheageofitemsfromthedecayofradioacKvematerialsfoundwithintheobject
• MoonrockshavebeendatedandfoundtobeolderthanEarth– GivesusanesKmatedKmethatEarthandtheMoonformed
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5.StellarformaKonandevoluKon
• Weobservethelifecyclesofstarsacrosstheuniverseusingtoolssuchassatellitesandtelescopes
• weviewstarsform,burnandexplode
6.Speedoflightandstellardistances• Thespeedoflightisauniversalconstantof300,000km/s2
• Weobservestarsmillions/billionsoflight-yearsaway
• Alight-yearisthedistancethatlighttravelsin1year–thelightweseetodayfromastar500lightyearsawayis500yearsold
• Thefurtheststarsawayare10-15billionlightyearsaway
• Wehavetelescopesthatcanseefurther,butthereisn’tanythingviewable
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LASTLY–wearepreAysureeverythinghasabeginning,right?
SolarNebularTheory
hAp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uhy1fucSRQIhAp://video.pbs.org/video/1790621534/
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InnerPlanets
• Mercury,Venus,Earth,Mars
• Composedofironandheavierelements
• Earlyatmospheresstrippedawaybysolarwinds
OuterPlanets• Formedincoldregionsofthenebula
• Thicklayersoffrozengasessurroundsmallcore
• Gases:Hydrogen,helium,water,methaneandammonia
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ThecaseforPluto
• hAp://www.universetoday.com/13573/why-pluto-is-no-longer-a-planet/
Asteroids
• Rocky,dusttoboulders• LeFoverplanetesimalsfromtheformaKonofthesolarsystem
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Asteroids
• MostinasteroidbeltbetweenMarsandJupiter
Comets
• Dirtysnowballs• AlsosolarsystemleFovers• Rocks,dust,water,ice,frozengas
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Partsofacomet
Meteoroids
• MadefromnebulaleFovers,rejectsfromasteroidbelt,cometcarcasses
• Stonyoriron-y• Heatupwhenenteringatmosphere• Producelight—shooKngstars• Meteorites—remainsfoundhere