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TheBigBangTheory

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Timebegins•  Theuniversebegins~13.7Billionyearsago

•  Theuniversebeginsasthesizeofasingleatom

•  Theuniversebeganasaviolentexpansion– AllmaAerandspacewerecreatedfromasinglepointofpureenergyinaninstant

~ 3 minutes after big bang•  The universe has grown from

the size of an atom to larger than the size a grapefruit

•  E=mc2

•  Energy froze into matter according to Albert Einstein’s equation.

•  This basically says that like snowflakes freezing, energy forms matter into clumps that today we call protons, neutrons and electrons.

•  These parts later form into atoms

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~SeveralhundredthousandyearsaFerBigBang

•  ATOMS form (specifically Hydrogen and its isotopes with a small amount of Helium.)

•  The early Universe was about 75% Hydrogen and 25% Helium. It is still almost the same today.

~200to400millionyearsaFerBigBang

•  1ststarsandgalaxiesform

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~4.6billionyearsago

•  OurSolarsystemforms

MisconcepKonsabouttheBigBang

•  therewasnoexplosion;therewas(andconKnuestobe)anexpansion–  Ratherthanimaginingaballoonpoppingandreleasingitscontents,imagineaballoonexpanding:aninfinitesimallysmallballoonexpandingtothesizeofourcurrentuniverse

•  wetendtoimagethesingularityasaliAlefireballappearingsomewhereinspace–  spacebeganinsideofthesingularity.Priortothesingularity,nothingexisted,notspace,Kme,maAer,orenergy-nothing.

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BigBangTimeline–Include,labelandcolor1.  Whathappened2.  Wheneachevent

(thing)happened

• BigBang–energy• MaAer• E=mc2• protons• Neutrons• electrons

• Atoms• Hydrogen• helium

• Starsandgalaxies• Oursolarsystem• Sunandallplanets

• Earth(presentday)

BigBangevidence

1)  UniversalexpansionandHubble’sLaw2)  3degreebackgroundradiaKon3)  Quasars4)  RadioacKvedecay5)  StellarformaKonandevoluKon6)  Speedoflightandstellardistances

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1.UniversalexpansionandHubble’sLawa)  Hubbleobservedthemajorityofgalaxiesare

movingawayfromusandeachotherb)  Thefarther,thefastertheymovec)  RedShiF

2.BackgroundradiaKona)  NoiseradiaKon(staKc)is

evenlyspreadacrossspaceb)  TheamountofradiaKon

matchedpredicKonsc)  C.O.B.Esatelliteconfirmedfor

theenKreuniversethatnoiseradiaKon(staKc)isevenlyspread

d)  LawofconservaKonofenergy(energycanneitherbecreatedordestroyed)–energyremainsconstantoverKme

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3.Quasars-superlarge(solarsystemsize)galacKccoresthatputoutmorelightthanwholegalaxies

•  Onlyfound10-15billionlightyearsaway

•  Foundnowhereelse•  Nothingexistspastthem

4.RadioacKvedecay•  RadiometricdaKng–givesustheageofitemsfromthedecayofradioacKvematerialsfoundwithintheobject

•  MoonrockshavebeendatedandfoundtobeolderthanEarth– GivesusanesKmatedKmethatEarthandtheMoonformed

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5.StellarformaKonandevoluKon

•  Weobservethelifecyclesofstarsacrosstheuniverseusingtoolssuchassatellitesandtelescopes

•  weviewstarsform,burnandexplode

6.Speedoflightandstellardistances•  Thespeedoflightisauniversalconstantof300,000km/s2

•  Weobservestarsmillions/billionsoflight-yearsaway

•  Alight-yearisthedistancethatlighttravelsin1year–thelightweseetodayfromastar500lightyearsawayis500yearsold

•  Thefurtheststarsawayare10-15billionlightyearsaway

•  Wehavetelescopesthatcanseefurther,butthereisn’tanythingviewable

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LASTLY–wearepreAysureeverythinghasabeginning,right?

SolarNebularTheory

hAp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uhy1fucSRQIhAp://video.pbs.org/video/1790621534/

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InnerPlanets

•  Mercury,Venus,Earth,Mars

•  Composedofironandheavierelements

•  Earlyatmospheresstrippedawaybysolarwinds

OuterPlanets•  Formedincoldregionsofthenebula

•  Thicklayersoffrozengasessurroundsmallcore

•  Gases:Hydrogen,helium,water,methaneandammonia

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ThecaseforPluto

•  hAp://www.universetoday.com/13573/why-pluto-is-no-longer-a-planet/

Asteroids

•  Rocky,dusttoboulders•  LeFoverplanetesimalsfromtheformaKonofthesolarsystem

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Asteroids

•  MostinasteroidbeltbetweenMarsandJupiter

Comets

•  Dirtysnowballs•  AlsosolarsystemleFovers•  Rocks,dust,water,ice,frozengas

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Partsofacomet

Meteoroids

•  MadefromnebulaleFovers,rejectsfromasteroidbelt,cometcarcasses

•  Stonyoriron-y•  Heatupwhenenteringatmosphere•  Producelight—shooKngstars•  Meteorites—remainsfoundhere

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Meteors

CraterinAZ