The Animals
Pages 97-107
1. Animals are motile, have incredible sensory ability and complex behaviours.
2. All animals are multicellular, heterotrophic, with eukaryotic cells that do not contain cell walls or chloroplasts. Animals use oxygen for cellular respiration. Embryo development includes germ layers that differentiate into different organ systems.
3. Animals range in complexity from the simplest, in the phylum Porifera, to the most complex, in the phylum Chordata.4. Among animals, only members of the phylum Porifera are stationary, or sessile, as adults and lack nerve cells
ArthropodEchinoderm
Jointed appendagesRadial symmetry, 5 or more arms, use hydroulics to move
Agnathans No paired appendages
Chondrichthyes Paired appendages, fins are thick
Actinopterygii Fins are membranel-likeAmphibiaReptiliaMammalia
tetrapods
Aves Tetrapods with forearms modified as wings
6.
• The middle layer…mesoderm• Body cavity that contains the internal organs…
coelum• Cell in the developing embryo that give rise to
specialized tissues…germ layer• The inner layer…endoderm• The outer layr…ectoderm
7.
Germ Layer Specialized tissuesEctoderm Skin and nervous tissueEndoderm Inner lining of gut,
sometimes respiratory system
Mesoderm Circulatory, reproductive, excretory, muscular systems
8. The Porifera include about 8000 species of sponges. The Porifera have no symmetry. The Cnidaria include about 9000 species of hydras, anemones, jellyfish and coral animals. Cnidaria have radial symmetry.9. During protosome development, the mouth develops before the anus.10. Protosomes have bilateral symmetry.
Phylum Examples Key features
Arthropoda
Insects, spiders, lobsters
Segmented bodies, jointed appendages, sensory networks, hard outer shell, insects can fly
Nematoda
Pinworms, dog heart worm
Unsegmented cylindrical bodies, parasites, complete digestive tracts
Annelida Earthworms
Segmented bodies, complete digestive systems, gas exchanged through skin, gills, bristles on outer surface for movement, many are marine
Phylum Examples Key features
Mollusca Snails, clams octopus and squid
3 main unsegmented body parts, a food, a vieceral mass and a mantle that secretes a shell. File-like radula for scraping and boring, complete digestive systems, circulatory systems and gills
Rotifera Rotifers Small aquatic animals, use cilia to direct food into their mouths, no respiratory or circulatory system
Platyhel-minthes
Tapeworms, liverflukes
Flattened, unsegmented worms,Digestive cavity with single opening, no coeloms, parasitic, no circulatory or respiratory system
Competition Insects, such as grasshoppers, and humans eat crops
Pathogens Tapeworms are parasites found in humans
Vectors Ticks and fleas spread Lyme disease
Food We eat clams, scallops, shrimp and lobster
Economic Benefits
Pollination of our crops by bees, Silk from silk moths, Concrete from coral
13. Echinoderms are bilateral symmetrical as larvae but radially symmetrical as adults. They typically have tube feet controlled by a water-filled hydraulic system.
14. Chordates have: A digestive tract with a mouth and
anus A dorsal hollow nerve cord and a
notochord (vertebrae) Segmented body wall muscles
15. A chordate is a vertebrate if it has a dorsal nerve cord with a spinal column and cranium (skull) with separate segments called vertebrae.
16.
Body Feature How it assisted on landBony skeleton Support bodies on land
Paired limbs For mobilityWaterproof skin
Prevents drying out by sun and air
Amniotic egg Specialized membranes and outer shell protect the egg from water loss
17.
• Polar bears are threatened by climate change• Frogs and salamanders are
threatened by pollution• Swift foxes are threatened by habitat
loss