The Animals

Pages 97-107

1. Animals are motile, have incredible sensory ability and complex behaviours.

2. All animals are multicellular, heterotrophic, with eukaryotic cells that do not contain cell walls or chloroplasts. Animals use oxygen for cellular respiration. Embryo development includes germ layers that differentiate into different organ systems.

3. Animals range in complexity from the simplest, in the phylum Porifera, to the most complex, in the phylum Chordata.4. Among animals, only members of the phylum Porifera are stationary, or sessile, as adults and lack nerve cells

ArthropodEchinoderm

Jointed appendagesRadial symmetry, 5 or more arms, use hydroulics to move

Agnathans No paired appendages

Chondrichthyes Paired appendages, fins are thick

Actinopterygii Fins are membranel-likeAmphibiaReptiliaMammalia

tetrapods

Aves Tetrapods with forearms modified as wings

6.

• The middle layer…mesoderm• Body cavity that contains the internal organs…

coelum• Cell in the developing embryo that give rise to

specialized tissues…germ layer• The inner layer…endoderm• The outer layr…ectoderm

7.

Germ Layer Specialized tissuesEctoderm Skin and nervous tissueEndoderm Inner lining of gut,

sometimes respiratory system

Mesoderm Circulatory, reproductive, excretory, muscular systems

8. The Porifera include about 8000 species of sponges. The Porifera have no symmetry. The Cnidaria include about 9000 species of hydras, anemones, jellyfish and coral animals. Cnidaria have radial symmetry.9. During protosome development, the mouth develops before the anus.10. Protosomes have bilateral symmetry.

Phylum Examples Key features

Arthropoda

Insects, spiders, lobsters

Segmented bodies, jointed appendages, sensory networks, hard outer shell, insects can fly

Nematoda

Pinworms, dog heart worm

Unsegmented cylindrical bodies, parasites, complete digestive tracts

Annelida Earthworms

Segmented bodies, complete digestive systems, gas exchanged through skin, gills, bristles on outer surface for movement, many are marine

Phylum Examples Key features

Mollusca Snails, clams octopus and squid

3 main unsegmented body parts, a food, a vieceral mass and a mantle that secretes a shell. File-like radula for scraping and boring, complete digestive systems, circulatory systems and gills

Rotifera Rotifers Small aquatic animals, use cilia to direct food into their mouths, no respiratory or circulatory system

Platyhel-minthes

Tapeworms, liverflukes

Flattened, unsegmented worms,Digestive cavity with single opening, no coeloms, parasitic, no circulatory or respiratory system

Competition Insects, such as grasshoppers, and humans eat crops

Pathogens Tapeworms are parasites found in humans

Vectors Ticks and fleas spread Lyme disease

Food We eat clams, scallops, shrimp and lobster

Economic Benefits

Pollination of our crops by bees, Silk from silk moths, Concrete from coral

13. Echinoderms are bilateral symmetrical as larvae but radially symmetrical as adults. They typically have tube feet controlled by a water-filled hydraulic system.

14. Chordates have: A digestive tract with a mouth and

anus A dorsal hollow nerve cord and a

notochord (vertebrae) Segmented body wall muscles

15. A chordate is a vertebrate if it has a dorsal nerve cord with a spinal column and cranium (skull) with separate segments called vertebrae.

16.

Body Feature How it assisted on landBony skeleton Support bodies on land

Paired limbs For mobilityWaterproof skin

Prevents drying out by sun and air

Amniotic egg Specialized membranes and outer shell protect the egg from water loss

17.

• Polar bears are threatened by climate change• Frogs and salamanders are

threatened by pollution• Swift foxes are threatened by habitat

loss