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The Last EmperorPuyi of the Qing Dynasty
1908-1912
Sun Yatsen
The Republic of China
Reality: rule byWar Lords
Sun Yatsenand Jiang Jieshu
Leaders of the Guomindang
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Early Years of Republic
May 4 Movement (1917): student-led;frustration with Japan;
disappointment with Versailles
Guomindang works closely with USSR
Jiang Jieshior
Chiang Kai-shek
Civil War between Nationalists and Communists
In addition, the Japanese are makinginroads into China
1930’s:
The Long March 1934-35
Late 1930’s - 1945: A Common Enemy:
Mao and Jiang Jieshi “join forces”
Communists (CCP)happy to let Nationalists
do the real fighting
Supreme Leader: 1949
Nationalists are left with Taiwan
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The Great Leap Forward: 1958
In the end: up to 38 million died of starvation and
relocation
“Production first: Life takes second place.”
Mao on the Great Leap Forward:
On peasants: “Educate peasants to eat less, and have more thin gruel.”
On the 38 million deaths: “Deaths have benefits. They can fertilize the ground.” (or) We are
prepared to sacrifice 300 million Chinese for the victory of the world revolution. Don’t make a fuss (over this). At most - people die ...it’s best if half
the population is left.”
On loyalty:
“My farts are socialist farts, they have to be fragrant.”
Out with the Old: “Growing flowers is a hangover from the old society, a pastime for the scholar
class, bourgeois class, and other layabouts. We must change it now. Get rid of most gardeners.”
Anti-Intellectual: “The more books you read, the more stupid you
become. Reading too much ruins you.”
The Cultural Revolution 1966-1976
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“Poisonous Weeds”:
Folk Art
Opera
Theater
Story telling
all music, except songs praising CCP and Mao
dance
cinema
comics
poetry
literature
traditional architecture
porcelain
Really, really bad: any kind of western art
The Red Guard
Humiliation to all “opponents”. Or: death
Mao and Nixon
Mao: to this day - a much beloved figure in China