Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB3-1

3Technology Briefing

Database Management

“Modern organizations are said to be drowning in data but starving for information”

p. 509

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Learning Objectives

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Learning Objectives

Group Discussion

Compare (present, past) of the following organizations:

• Super markets

• Libraries

• Hospitals

• Governmental officesInformation Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB3-4

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Learning Objectives

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Database Foundations

• Then:o Card catalogs

o File cabinets

• Now:o DBMS

• Create• Store• Organize• Retrieve data

o E.g., Microsoft Access

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Database

• Databaseo Collection of related

data organized in a way to facilitate searches

o Entities

• Something you collect data about

• E.g.: people, books

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Record

• Contains data about a single entityo Similar to catalog

card

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Attributes

• Specific characteristic describing the entitieso E.g.: name and social

security number are attributes of a person

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Example: Entity Student• Entity represented as a table, with rows as records and

columns as attributes

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Advantages of the Database Approach

1. Program-data independence

2. Minimal data redundancy

3. Improved data consistency

4. Improved data sharing

5. Enforcement of standards

6. Reduced program maintenance

Group Activity

• Visiting “King Abdu-Allah Library”

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Entering Data

• Formso Give some examples of forms..

Entering DataForms

o Enter data about a record

o Field in a form corresponds to attribute in a record

o Used to add, modify, or delete data

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Example: Computer-Based Form

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Querying Data• Query: used to retrieve information

• Structured Query Language (SQL) o Example: Display students who earned an “A”

o Writing SQL queries can become very complex

TB3-17

Creating Database Reports• Report

o Compilation of data from the database

• Exampleo Quarterly sales for a

restaurant

• Adding

• Grouping

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Identifying Records

• Uniquely identifying records:

o Primary Key• Unique identifier • E.g.: Student ID number, social security number

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Linking Website Applications to Organizational Databases

• Users can access a variety of data via a company’s web siteo Web services help in integration of

databases, regardless of physical location

• Need for adequate systems performance

• Get understanding of customer behavior

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Effective Management of Databases• Database Administrator (DBA)

o Responsible for development and management of databases

•Works with system analysts and programmers

•Works with users and managers

• Implements security features

•Grants access rights

o One of the key actors in creating a successful database