Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited
400 kV Power Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga Resettlement Policy Framework – Revised on July 2010
Prepared by:
Norsk-Data-Strasse 1
61352 Bad Homburg v.d.H., Germany
Tel: +49-6172-9460-108
Fax: +49-6172-9460-20
eMail: [email protected]
Institute of Resource Assessment P.O. Box 35097
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Tel: +255-22-2410144
Fax: +255-22-2410393
eMail: [email protected]
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Declaration
The following individuals prepared this RPF Report:
• Ulrich OTTEN, Socio-economist and Resettlement (RPF Team Leader)
• Dr. Herbert HANKE: Environmental Assessment / ESIA Team Leader
• Dr. Claude Gasper MUNG'ONG'O: Resettlement Action Plan (RPF)
• Ms. Beatrice MCHOME: Public Consultations and Participation (RPF)
• Prof. Palamagamba KABUDI: Environmental Law and Regulations
• Ms. Zubeda KICHAWELE -Social Surveys
• Mr. C. MSONGANZILA-Social Surveys
• Mr. Alexander CHAMBI -Social Surveys
• Mr. Florian SILANGWA -Social Surveys
• Mr. Emmanuel HANAI -Social Surveys
• Ms. Zaina KIJAZI -Social Surveys
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Table of Contents Page
0. Executive Summary 1
0.1 Introduction 1 0.2 Project Description 1 0.3 Potential Impacts 1 0.4 Objectives of the Resettlement Action Plan 2 0.5 Socio-Economic Aspects 3 0.6 Legal and Policy Framework 3 0.7 Institutional Framework 4 0.8 Eligibility and Entitlement 4 0.9 Community Participation and Consultation 5 0.10 Grievance Mechanisms 5 0.11 Implementation Arrangements 5 0.12 Monitoring and Evaluation 6
1. Introduction 7
1.1 Project Background 7 1.2 Project Rationale 7 1.3 Disclosure of the Resettlement Action Plan 8 1.4 Structure of the Resettlement Plan 8
2. Project Description 9
2.1 Project Location 9 2.1.1 Iringa -Dodoma Section 9 2.1.2 Dodoma - Singida Section 10 2.1.3 Singida - Shinyanga Section 10
2.2 RAP Concerning Project Activities 17 2.2.1 Mobilization Phase 17 2.2.2 Construction Phase 17 2.2.3 Operation Phase 18 2.2.4 Decommissioning 18
3. Potential Impacts 19
3.1 Project Components Leading to Resettlement 19 3.1.1 Wayleave Corridor 19 3.1.2 Substations 20 3.1.3 Work Camps 20 3.1.4 Access Roads 20
3.2 Type of Expected Impacts 21 3.2.1 Loss of Productive Land and Resources 21 3.2.2 Loss of Settlement Structures and Shelter 23 3.2.3 Loss of Income Sources or Means of Livelihood 23 3.2.4 Loss of Community and Public Structures 23 3.2.5 Loss of Cultural and Archaeological Property 25
4. Objectives of the Resettlement Plan 26
5. Socio-Economic Characteristics 27
5.1 Overview 27
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Table of Contents Page
5.2 Iringa Region 27 5.2.1 Iringa Municipality 27 5.2.2 Iringa Rural District 28
5.3 Dodoma Region 29 5.3.1 Mpwapwa District 29 5.3.2 Chamwino District 30 5.3.3 Dodoma Municipality 31 5.3.4 Bahi District 32
5.4 Singida Region 33 5.4.1 Manyoni District 33 5.4.2 Singida Rural District 34 5.4.3 Singida Municipality 35 5.4.4 Iramba District 37
5.5 Tabora Region 37 5.5.1 Igunga District 37
5.6 Shinyanga Region 38 5.6.1 Kishapu District 38 5.6.2 Shinyanga Municipality 39
5.7 Socioeconomic Characteristics of the Affected Population 40 5.7.1 Demographic Characteristics 40 5.7.2 Migration Patterns 40 5.7.3 Educational Levels 41 5.7.4 Water Supply 42 5.7.5 Health Services and Other Support Infrastructure 42 5.7.6 Transport 43 5.7.7 Energy Use 43 5.7.8 Land Tenure and Use 44 5.7.9 Housing Conditions 44 5.7.10 Economy 45 5.7.11 Willingness to Relocate 47
6. Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework 48
6.1 National Policies 48 6.1.1 National Environment Policy (NEP) (1997) 48 6.1.2 National Forest Policy, 1998 48 6.1.3 The Mineral Policy of Tanzania, 1997 49 6.1.4 National Land Policy, 1997 49 6.1.5 Water Policy, 2002 50 6.1.6 National Energy Policy, 2003 51 6.1.7 Wildlife Policy of Tanzania, 2007 51 6.1.8 National Human Settlements Development Policy, 2000 52 6.1.9 The Tanzania Development Vision, 2000 52 6.1.10 The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty
(NSGRP) 52 6.1.11 The Agriculture and Livestock Policy, 1997 53
6.2 The World Bank Safeguard Policies 53 6.3 Legal Framework 54
6.3.1 Environmental Management Act No. 20 of 2004 -Cap 191 54 6.3.2 The Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations,
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Table of Contents Page
2005 54 6.3.3 Forest Act, 2002 55 6.3.4 Wildlife Conservation Act, 1974 56 6.3.5 The Land Act, 1999 56 6.3.6 Village Land Act No. 5 of 1999 58 6.3.7 The Land Regulation, 2001 58 6.3.8 The Land Disputes Courts Act No. 2 of 2002 59 6.3.9 The Local Government Act No. 9 of 1982 59 6.3.10 Land Use and Spatial Planning 60 6.3.11 The Land Acquisition Act of 1967 60
6.4 International Agreements and Conventions 60 6.5 Institutional Framework 61
7. Resettlement and Social Mitigation Measures 62
7.1 Eligibility 62 7.2 Categories of Project Affected People 62 7.3 Resettlement and Compensation Entitlements 63
7.3.1 Determination of Entitlements 63 7.3.2 Compensation for the Loss of Residential and Productive Land 63 7.3.3 Compensation for the Loss of Houses and Other Structures 64 7.3.4 Compensation for the Loss of Standing Crops 64 7.3.5 Removal of Graves and Cultural Properties 65 7.3.6 People Affected by Unforeseen Construction Damages and Losses 65
7.4 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) 65 7.5 Grievance Mechanisms 65 7.6 Overview of Mitigation Measures 66 7.7 Route Selection 66 7.8 Land Use 67 7.9 Restoration of Livelihoods 67 7.10 Infrastructure and Services 67 7.11 Cultural Sites 68
8. Community Participation and Consultations 69
8.1 Consultative Strategy 69 8.2 The Consultative Process 69
8.2.1 Stakeholder Identification and Methods of Participation 69 8.2.2 Methods of Stakeholder Participation 70 8.2.3 Notification to Stakeholders 70 8.2.4 Household Interviews 70 8.2.5 Village Public Meetings 70 8.2.6 Official Meetings with Village Leaders 71 8.2.7 Meetings with Districts Officials 71 8.2.8 Consultations with Other Relevant Stakeholders 71
8.3 Summary of Stakeholder Issues and Concerns 71
9. Institutions and Implementation Arrangements 75
9.1 Overview of Relevant Institutions 75 9.1.1 TANESCO (The Project Proponent) 75 9.1.2 Ministry of Land and Human Settlement Development 75
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Table of Contents Page
9.1.3 Local Governments 76 9.1.4 National Environment Management Council (NEMC) 76
9.2 Site Selection, Preparation and Relocation 76 9.2.1 Site Selection 76 9.2.2 Financial and Economic Analysis 76 9.2.3 Land Acquisition 77 9.2.4 Movement 77 9.2.5 Integration with Host Populations 77 9.2.6 Housing, infrastructure, and Social Services 77
9.3 Institutional Arrangements 77 9.4 Activities and Responsibilities 78
9.4.1 Transmission Line Definition 78 9.4.2 Compensation Process Preparation Phase 78 9.4.3 Resettlement Process Preparation Phase 78
10. Monitoring and Evaluation 79
10.1 Overview 79 10.2 General Objectives and Evaluation Monitoring 79 10.3 Evaluation Objectives 79
10.3.1 Internal Monitoring and Evaluation 79 10.3.2 External Monitoring and Evaluation 80
10.4 Monitoring Objectives 80 10.5 Conclusion 80
11. Indicative Resettlement Cost 82
12. References 83
List of Tables
Table 2-1: Regions, Districts and Villages along the Line
Table 3-1: Land Loss for Settlements and Agriculture
Table 3-2: Affected Infrastructures
Table 5-1: Educational Status of the Heads of Households in the Line Corridor
Table 5-2: Average Annual Household Income by District
Table 11-1: Indicative Cost Estimation for RAP ("resettlement budget")
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
List of Figures
Figure 2-1: Proposed Power Transmission Line Route - Iringa - Shinyanga
Figure 2-2: Proposed Route Map for Iringa - Dodoma Section
Figure 2-3: Route Map for Dodoma - Singida Section
Figure 2-4: Route Map for Singida - Shinyanga Section
Figure 2-5: Overview of the Line Corridor Sections with Wayleave Alternatives
Figure 3-1: Size of the Way-Leave
Figure 5-1: Mungumaji Dispensary, one of the Health Facilities in Singida (no longer affected after
rerouting)
Figure 5-2: Percentage of Population per District Cluster Born Outside of Villages
Figure 5-3: Tumuli Secondary School in Iramba District (within the wayleave)
Figure 5-4: Common Types of Houses Found Along the Proposed Line Kizonzo Village
Figure 5-5: Average Annual Income of Households with Income Statements
List of Annexes
Annex 1 Stakeholder Consultation
Annex 1.1: People Consulted
Annex 1.2: Summary of Stakeholder's Views and Concerns
Annex 2: Land Use and Agro-Physical Characteristics along the Transmission Line Corridor
Annex 3: Socio-Economic Characteristics of Affected Population and Infrastructure
Annex 3-1: Number of Affected Buildings Before/After Transmission Line Re-routing
Annex 3.2: Number of Affected Buildings Before / After Transmission Line Re-routing
per District and Transmission Line Section
Annex 3.3: Average Land Size Cultivated per Household along the Proposed Line
Annex 3.4: Total Village Population located in the Project Area
Annex 3.5: Social and Cultural Infrastructures in the concerned Villages
Annex 3.6: Energy and Water Sources Available in the Villages along the Transmission
Line
Annex 3.7: District Average Annual Income per Household
Annex 3.8: Education Level of Household Members
Annex 3.9: Type of Houses based on Wall Material per District (% of Houses)
Annex 3.10: Type of Houses based on roofing materials per District (% of Houses)
Annex 3.11: Type of Houses based on Floor Material per District (% of Houses)
Annex 3.12: Type of Toilet Facilities per District (% of Facilities)
Annex 3.13: Main Energy Source Used per District (% of Households)
Annex 3.14: Main source of cooking fuel per Project Area (% of Households)
Annex 3.15: Utilisation of Drinking Water Sources per Project Area (% of Households)
Annex 4: Comparison of Tanzania Law and World Bank Op 4.12 Regarding Compensation
Annex 5: Routing Alternatives
Annex 6: Coordinates of Routing Alternatives
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
List of Abbreviations/Acronyms
ARI Acute Respiratory Infection
AT Angle Tower
CBD The Convention on Biological Diversity
CITES The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora
CMS Conservation of Migratory Species
DECON Deutsche Energie-Consult Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH
DED District Executive Director
DMO District Medical Officer
DNRO District National Resources Officer
DOE Director of Environment
DPLO District Planning Officer
EA Environmental Assessment
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EIS Environmental Impact Statement
EMA Environmental Management Act
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan
FR Forest Reserve
GDP Gross Domestic Product
IFC International Finance Cooperation
IRA Institute of Resource Assessment
kV Kilo Volt
LHS Left Hand Side
MAFSC Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives
MDG Millennium Development Goal
MKUKUTA Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kuondoa Umasikini Tanzania
MLHS Ministry of Land and Human Settlement
MNRT Ministry of Natural Resource and Tourism
NEMC National Environment Management Council
NEP National Environment Policy
NFP National Forest Policy
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NHSDP National Human Settlements Development Policy
NSGRP National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty
OD Operational Directives
OP Operational Policies
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Authority
PMU Project Management Unit
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
RHS Right Hand Side
RoW Right of Way
RPF Resettlement Policy Framework
T Tower
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
TANESCO Tanzania Electric Supply Company
TANROADS Tanzania National Road Development Agency
TRC Technical Review Committee
TTCL Tanzania Telecommunication Company Limited
URT United Republic of Tanzania
VPO Vice President's Office
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
0. Executive Summary
0.1 Introduction
TANESCO is preparing a project to reinforce its existing 220kV transmission line from Iringa to Shin-
yanga via Dodoma, Singida and Tabora Regions. The proposed project will include the construction of
670 km of 400 kV electrical power transmission line.
The objective of the project is to improve the power supply in the north-western part of the country.
The project also intends to reduce the duration and frequency of power interruptions to the northern
regions, improve voltage conditions at consumer's premises, reduce power system losses in the
northern regions, increase customers, and improve the power line capabilities for smooth power trans-
fer to the Lake Zone and beyond. The most critical point in respect of socio-economic issues in this
context is the compensation of third party properties and interests along the wayleave.
This Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for the 400 kV Transmission Line has the objective of en-
suring that the project affected people (PAP) are compensated according to the existing Laws and
Regulations of the United Republic of Tanzania governing compensation for any loss of productive
land, structures or other properties and World Bank OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement, as a result of
land acquisition for the transmission line wayleave corridor.
0.2 Project Description
The project aims at the acquisition of a wayleave corridor land for the construction of a 400 kV trans-
mission line in three sections Iringa - Dodoma, Dodoma - Singida and Singida - Shinyanga.
Most sections of the proposed project are expected to run parallel to the existing 220 kV line, with only
minor variations in areas where alternative alignments have been developed due to topographical
conditions.
0.3 Potential Impacts
The following are the main types of expected impacts leading to economic losses and/or physical dis-
placements and resettlement.
Loss of residential and productive land and resources
Since no buildings will be permitted within the wayleave, about 150 ha of potential settlement area will
be lost. A few areas will be sandwiched between linear infrastructures thus reducing the value for the
construction of residential houses.
The proposed power transmission line will also result in loss of land for agriculture and grazing from
clearings to allow for the construction of the towers, the lines and the access roads which may remain
operative for a number of months.
No major threats will be posed to livelihoods, as most people in the project area will be able to con-
tinue their farming and livestock keeping activities within their villages. Land is not scarce in many vil-
lages along the RoW, except in settlements that are within urban areas or adjacent to urban areas.
Some people from villages in Dodoma and Singida municipalities might be forced to relocate outside
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
the villages but within the same districts.
Loss of structures and shelter
After mitigation measures of rerouting a total of about 840 houses will still be affected by the construc-
tion of the power transmission line and its wayleave. The type of houses to be affected in the rural ar-
eas is mostly traditional houses made of mud and thatch. In the urban areas some houses are built of
corrugated iron sheets, cement blocks or burnt bricks. A significant impact on settlement structures is
expected in areas with a higher concentration of houses close to the existing line or substations.
Loss of income sources or means of livelihood
For the major part of the transmission line corridor, the land is used for scattered cultivation. Some of
this land will be taken permanently for the transmission line towers after effecting compensation pay-
ments. The rest of the land, in particular the one under the overhead lines, may still be used at farm-
ers' risk for cultivation after completion of the construction works. Some of the standing crops may be
affected during construction.
Loss of access to community and public structures
Some public infrastructures such as schools, churches, mosques, and water supply structures, exist-
ing or planned, will be affected by the proposed development, as they are partially allocated within the
wayleave. At the villages with work camps, there will be some pressure on existing services already in
poor condition and inadequate.
This may create some degree of social stress in terms of resources use conflicts and in thefts and
burglaries. This potential social stress may be mitigated to some extent by the fact that most of the
communities in the project area are already familiar with potential social problems due to the previous
experiences from the construction of the existing 220 kV line and the road between Dodoma and
Singida.
Loss of cultural and archaeological property
More than 200 graves have been found inside the wayleave of the existing line (some even estab-
lished after construction) as well as of the proposed new power transmission line. A very limited num-
ber of these graves may have to be relocated if there is a risk that they will be disturbed by construc-
tion activities.
The Antiquities Department highlighted the importance of conserving any such sites and archaeologi-
cal features that will be found within the wayleave. Such cultural heritage sites should be avoided
completely, if possible, but up to date none have been found in the wayleave.
0.4 Objectives of the Resettlement Action Plan
The objective of the RPF is to ensure that the project affected people (PAP) are compensated accord-
ing to the existing Laws and Regulations of the United Republic of Tanzania and World Bank OP 4.12
Involuntary Resettlement governing compensation for any loss of productive land, structures or other
properties, as a result of land acquisition for the transmission line wayleave corridor. Furthermore, this
Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) also proposes mitigation measures to ameliorate any negative
impacts. Efforts are made in the detailed planning of the line route to avoid densely populated areas
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
and structures as far as technically feasible and with due consideration for safety measures. Consulta-
tions with PAP and local authorities have taken place along the corridor as part of the ESIA/RPF stud-
ies in order to avoid unnecessary relocation and impacts.
However, because of the pending detailed design of the transmission line route and detailed land sur-
veying, including the demarcation of transmission line corridors, the present draft report can not in-
clude a detailed census, inventory and valuation of assets of the PAP. Once those aspects have been
included, the final RAP can be completed.
0.5 Socio-Economic Aspects
Villagers who will be affected by the project have available most of the basic social services, as de-
scribed in each district socio-economic profile. The services include schools, water, health and com-
munications (roads and telephone). However, most of these services are either of poor quality or not
sufficient. Even in newly established districts of Kishapu, Bahi and Chamwino, some of the major so-
cial services are unavailable.
This is also the case in newly established villages such as Mitoo-Juu in Manyoni District and Isalanda
in Singida Rural where basic social services such as health and primary schools are still unavailable.
Annex 3.5 provides information on available social service infrastructures in all villages along the new
line.
It has been noted that the proposed Project might affect some of the existing social and cultural infra-
structures. The ESIA, which this RPF complements, has proposed some alternatives that will minimize
impacts of the Project to the social infrastructure and services.
Most of the local communities along line are small-scale farmers, making agriculture and livestock
keeping their main economic activities. Other PAPs, especially those in urban areas, are employed or
selfemployed in commercial and service activities. People around Mtera Dam are involved in fishing.
Most farmers practice subsistence farming with very low annual output. There is very little use of agri-
cultural fertilizers and mechanization. Seasonal crops grown include sunflowers and cotton -grown for
cash -while food crops include maize, groundnuts and millet. Few villagers in Chamwino and
Mpwapwa districts of Dodoma Region cultivate grapes as a cash crop.
The proposed Project is likely to impact land used by local communities for agricultural activities. In vil-
lages, such as Kisima in Mpwapwa District, part of the most fertile pieces of land will be affected by
the Project.
0.6 Legal and Policy Framework
Constructing the facilities for the proposed development project will support several national policies
and laws that promote economic development, community participation, mining development, energy
development, transportation and improvement of social services. The implementation of the project
complies with a number of national policies, laws, regulations, guidelines and standards. Several of
the laws and policies that the proposed development comply with include:
• The National Energy Policy of Tanzania (2003)
• The Environment Management Policy (1997) and Act (2004);
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
• The National Land Policy (1997) and the Land Act (1999);
• The Village Land Act (1999);
• The Land Acquisition Act (1967);
• The Land Regulations (2001), and
• The World Bank Safeguard Policies OP 4.12 and OP 4.01
0.7 Institutional Framework
The Environmental Management Act (2004) provides an institutional set-up for environmental man-
agement with details of responsibilities at national, village and mtaa level, which is the lowest adminis-
trative level. The institutional set-up involves the following main centres:
• National Environment Advisory Committee;
• Minister Responsible for Environment;
• Director of Environment (DoE) in the Vice President's Office;
• National Environmental Management Council (NEMC);
• Sector Ministries;
• Regional Secretariats; and
• Local Government Authorities the District, Town Council and Village levels.
0.8 Eligibility and Entitlement
According to Tanzanian legislation, all owners of properties located within the proposed wayleave at
the time of inspection and valuation will be eligible for compensation. Notices to claim compensation
will be served to all owners of affected properties along the wayleave using Land Form No.69. A "cut-
off" date for eligibility for compensation and resettlement measures will be determined by the date on
which these notifications are served. The owners or occupiers of the properties are expected to com-
plete and submit Land Form No.70 and to agree upon a date for official valuation of their properties.
There are four categories of relocated people that have been identified, including owners of plots with
houses and other buildings in the wayleave; owners of plots with non-residential buildings in the
wayleave; owners of plots without buildings in the wayleave; and institutions with land and/or buildings
in the wayleave.
Three additional categories of relocated people can further be identified. These are people or families
suffering inadvertent and temporary damage to their land and property during construction due to un-
foreseen actions or simply by accidents such as damage to nearby crops, fruit trees or infrastructures.
These can also be relatives with an interest in graves adversely affected by the Project and that may
need to be exhumed and reburied at alternative locations. In these cases, rituals and ceremonies will
often need to be conducted and proper compensation for them should be considered as provided for
by the law.
The last category is the case of vulnerable people, such as widows, single mothers, child-headed
households, handicapped people, HIV/AIDS victims, and the elderly who when relocated often require
special assistance to cope with the relocations. This category of relocated people is identified in the
WB OP 4.12; hence require special or supplementary measures to be taken to attend to their particu-
lar needs.
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0.9 Community Participation and Consultation
The overall goal of the consultation process should be to disseminate project information and to incor-
porate affected people's views in a RAP. The specific aims of the consultations are to improve project
design and lead to fewer conflicts and delays in implementation; facilitate development of appropriate
and acceptable entitlement options; increase long term project sustainability and ownership, and re-
duce problems of institutional coordination. They also aim to make the resettlement process transpar-
ent; increase the effectiveness of sustainability of income restoration strategies, and improve coping
mechanisms
0.10 Grievance Mechanisms
TANESCO as a client has to be involved in all claims and disputes as the client is the one who will be
receiving and handling them. However, being an interested party to the contracts the client should not
be involved in the final ruling on disputes arising from compensation and resettlement arrangements.
There is need to identify and describe at the onset the process, procedures and mechanisms for set-
tling such disputes and grievances to be applied.
Affected individuals and households should be informed about the existence of a defined process for
expressing dissatisfaction and to seek redress. General information regarding the existence of such
procedure should be made public during the early stages of the community consultations. A more de-
tailed description of the established process should be presented to PAP at the time the resettlement
plans are approved and individual compensation contracts are signed.
The selected procedure should be simple, administered as far as possible at the local level, to facili-
tate access, flexibility and openness to various proofs, taking into account that most of the PAP are
poor and illiterate. Grievances and disputes related to resettlement and/or compensation may arise for
different reasons. Grievances may arise from mistakes related to the identification of the affected
property and people within the wayleave, disagreements related to the ownership of property, dis-
agreements on land and asset valuation, disagreements on other compensation allowances, and
problems related to the time and manner of payment of compensations.
Disputes related to land ownership will need to be brought before the appropriate level of land courts
as established by law, including those established at the village level. The Land Act only provides for
grievances related to land acquisition and compensation issues related to the creation of a wayleave
to be brought to the High Court of Tanzania. This is usually too expensive and impractical for most of
the residents and businesses within the project area.
Claims and complaints regarding compensation and resettlement issues should be brought to the at-
tention of the village leadership. They will then forward grievances concerning the non-fulfilment of en-
titlement contracts, levels of compensation or seizure of land and assets without compensation to the
corresponding Ward Executive Officer or eventually directly to the District Executive Director.
0.11 Implementation Arrangements
Since there is no single agency in Tanzania that has mandate to plan and provide resettlement and
compensation help in cases where people are involuntarily relocated for development projects, it is
agreed that the project proponent TANESCO assumes the responsibility for delivery of entitlements
even though a number of other actors may be involved. In this case, the most relevant institutions re-
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
lated to resettlement planning and implementation will be TANESCO, the Ministry of Land and Human
Settlement Development, District Councils/Municipalities, Village Councils and the National Environ-
ment Management Council (NEMC).
0.12 Monitoring and Evaluation
Insofar as the fulfilment of the requirements of the WB in that relocated people are adequately handled
and are left in a position of better social and economic condition than they were prior to project imple-
mentation is concerned, monitoring and evaluation should be undertaken. Both internal and external
monitoring and evaluation should be carried out during compensation and implementation of the RAP.
Monitoring and evaluation is also recommended some time after resettlement has been concluded in
order to assess the medium and long-term effects of the resettlement exercise.
Internal monitoring will we done regularly by the project sponsor‘s PMU while external monitoring and
evaluation will be done in intervals by a third party, i.e. a regulatory agency, its consultants or by an
independent NGO.
Specific monitoring items, for both internal and external monitoring, frequencies of monitoring and re-
porting systems will be clearly indicated in the monitoring plans that will be established by the project
sponsor’s PMU and by the regulatory agency, respectively.
The evaluation and monitoring of resettlement in linear projects present practical and logistical chal-
lenges, since the resettled population is widely dispersed along the transmission line. In our case, it
will constitute a real challenge to implement monitoring of resettlement along 670 km, in 5 administra-
tive regions, 13 districts and 93 villages.
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
1. Introduction
1.1 Project Background
Tanzania is endowed with diverse energy sources including biomass, natural gas, hydropower, coal,
geothermal, solar and wind power, much of which is untapped. Wood-fuel accounts for up to 92% of
total energy supply with about 2% from hydro-electricity and 7% from oil-derived products. Electricity
generation, transmission and distribution in Tanzania are the business of Tanzania Electric Supply
Company Limited (TANESCO). The Company is 100% government owned and is responsible for more
than 90% of the country's electricity supply.
Two thirds or 581 MW of Tanzania's installed capacity are from hydropower sources. Tanzania has a
hydropower potential of about 3,800 MW (estimated) and a per capita electricity consumption of 46
kWh per annum, growing at a rate of 11-13%. Hence the government is encouraging investments to
expand generating capacity, distribution systems and developing indigenous sources of energy. The
national electricity coverage is about 10% of the total population (MEM, 2006)
The energy crisis in 2006 has highlighted the importance of reliable energy supply for economic
growth and poverty alleviation. It once again revealed the underlying vulnerability of hydro-dominated
generation systems to droughts and the resulting importance of adequate diversified generation plan-
ning and timely investments in the transmission and distribution sub sectors to reduce technical
losses. As the sector is moving from a short-term crisis management to medium-and long-term plan-
ning, several issues and strategic goals have been identified. These include:
• ensuring appropriate long-term generation capacity
• ensuring quality of supply;
• ensuring long-term financial sustainability of TANESCO;
• continuing sector reform process;
• improving Management of TANESCO;
• expanding access to other areas and
• increasing the use of renewable energy.
In the course of implementing these issues and strategic goals, TANESCO has established a project
to reinforce the existing power transmission line from Iringa to Shinyanga, through Dodoma, Singida
and Tabora Regions.
1.2 Project Rationale
The vast majority of people in the Tanzania do not have access to electricity, and the rural population
is nearly completely excluded from this source of modern energy. It is estimated that only three quar-
ters of the country, mainly in urban areas is connected to the national grid. It is intended that the rest
of the country, including an estimated 8,200 villages should be supplied with electricity. In addition
there are plans to supply power to Kenya and Malawi from Tanzania.
Due to this situation TANESCO in planning a project to reinforce its existing 220kV transmission line
from Iringa to Shinyanga through Dodoma, Singida and Tabora Regions. The proposed project will in-
volve construction of approximately 670 km of 400 kV electrical power transmission line from Iringa to
Shinyanga via Dodoma and Singida.
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
The main objective of this project is to improve power supply in the north-western part of the country.
However, the project also intends to reduce the duration and frequency of power interruptions to
Northern Regions i.e. Singida, Shinyanga, Mwanza and Mara, improve voltage conditions at con-
sumer's premises, reduce power system losses - technical losses to meet the current and growing
power demand in northern regions, increase customers and hence revenue to TANESCO, improve the
power line capabilities for smooth power transfer to the Lake Zone, to mining areas and other loads
centres and extent power exports to neighbouring countries, capturing possible opportunities for
cross-boarder power trading within East Africa.
Among other things, the project requires the acquisition of about 51 km² wayleave/corridor land for
construction of the transmission line. The most critical point in this context is the compensation of third
parties interests (i.e. people and institutions living or owning properties along the planned corridors). It
is against this background and the demands of national and World Bank safeguard policies defined in
their Operational Policies documents that TANESCO has commissioned DECON to inspect all third
parties' interests relating to compensation for land use within the proposed corridor.
1.3 Disclosure of the Resettlement Action Plan
The standard procedure is that a complete RAP should be made available to the public for a minimum
of six weeks in the relevant district council and/or ward offices. Local newspapers and radios may be
used to inform the public about the availability of this document in the cited places. During this period,
members of the public will be given the opportunity to respond to the RAP, in writing or verbally, to the
relevant District Executive Directors or Ward Executive Officers who will forward them to TANESCO.
In concordance with World Bank’s Disclosure Policy, a RAP has to be disclosed prior to appraisal,
both in Tanzania and through the WB Infoshop. TANESCO will be responsible for disclosing the RAP
in Tanzania, and should authorize the WB in writing to disclose the document in the WB Infoshop.
1.4 Structure of the Resettlement Plan
This document is organized in 10 chapters. The introductory chapter is followed by Chapter 2 that pro-
vides the project description, Chapter 3 that describes the potential impacts, and Chapter 4 which out-
lines the objectives of the Resettlement Plan. Chapter 5 then discusses the socio-economic character-
istics, followed by Chapter 6 that describes the legal and policy framework, and Chapter 7 that pro-
vides the Resettlement and Social Mitigation Plan. These are then followed by Chapters 8, 9 and 10
that describe community participation and consultation, outline the institutions and implementation ar-
rangements, and provide the evaluation and monitoring plan, respectively.
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2. Project Description
Notice: Specific mitigations measures resulting from alternative line routing are taken into
consideration in this RPF document, but no other mitigation measures described in the ESIA
Report.
2.1 Project Location
The proposed line will be built from Iringa to Shinyanga via Dodoma and Singida. Most line stretches
will run parallel to the existing 220 kV line, with only minor variations in areas where alternative align-
ments have been proposed due to the topographical situation. The planned line a length of approxi-
mately 670 km will interconnect four substations (S/S) at the towns mentioned above. The line route is
located in the central highlands of Tanzania between 33° and 36°30' east and 4° to 8° south of equa-
tor (see Figure 2-1). The line is partitioned in three section between the 4 towns mentioned above.
The project will traverse the following districts, wards and villages as indicated in the table below:
Table 2-1: Regions, Districts and Villages along the Line
Regions Districts Villages
Iringa Iringa Municipal Igumbilo
Iringa Rural Kigonzile, Nduli, Igingilanyi, Ndolela, Mkungugu, Kisinga, Isimani
Tarafani, Kihorogota, Nyang'oro, Izazi, Mtera, Migori, Makatapora
Dodoma Mpwapwa Mtera-Staff, Kisima, Chipogoro, Kisima, Seluka
Dodoma Urban Nkulabi, Mpunguzi, Mantumbulu, Mkonze, Michese, Nala, Chi-
gongwe
Chamwino Fufu, Manzase, Mlowa Barabarani
Bahi Ibihwa, Mpamantwa, Bahi, Uhelela
Singida Manyoni Lusilile, Maweni, Chikuyu, Chibumagwa, Solya, Muhalala,
Manyoni Mjini, Mitoo juu, Mkwese
Singida Rural Choda, Issuna A, Isuna B, Nkuhi, Ulyampiti, Muungano, Ikungi,
Ighuka, Kipunguiko, Nkunikana, Puma, Isalanda, Utaho, Kisaki,
Manga, Mnung'una, Msisi, Ntondo, Nkwae.
Singida Urban Kipungua, Misuna, Mungumaji, Unyambwa Mkimbii, Mtipa
Iramba Iguguno, Tumuli, Maluga, Kyengege, Mugundu, Kitukutu, Ulemo,
Misigiri, Kibigiri, Nselembwe, Kizonzo, Mseko
Tabora Igunga Mgongoro, Makomero, Mbutu, Bukama Imalanguzu, Mwamakona,
Igurubi
Shinyanga Kishapu Kalitu, Kiloleni, Ngunga, Mwajiginya, Mwaweja, Negezi,
Shinyanga Urban Ibadakuli, Mwamagunguli
5 13 93
2.1.1 Iringa -Dodoma Section
From the Iringa Substation the line will run on the left hand side of the existing 220 kV line over a
mountain ridge with partly steep slopes and difficult access. As the initial alignment would sandwich
Igumbilo village, a line routing alternative was explored. On the way to Mtera the line crosses the
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Nyang'oro Hills and Forest Reserve. The Hydropower Plant at Mtera will not be passed in order to
avoid the demolition of about 160 houses at Makatapora and Mtera villages; rather the line will cross
Mtera reservoir with a long span of about 1,000 m, saving additionally about 13 km line length. The
terrain from Mtera up to Dodoma presents typical rolling hills.
Details on the routing alternatives are presented in the ESIA Report.
2.1.2 Dodoma - Singida Section
From the Dodoma Substation the line passes along the right hand side of the existing 220 kV line a
mostly flat to slightly hilly terrain. Soils seem to be of similar characteristics over the entire line section,
i.e. of dense clay sand. At T 230 near Kilimatinde the line traverses a fault-scarp of over 100 m vertical
shift, forming a very steep slope with large rock outcrops. Between Manyoni and Singida Choda For-
est Reserve will be passed.
In order to avoid the demolition of about 150 houses as well as some public infrastructures, and a le-
gal conflict concerning the Masterplan for the new District Capital Bahi, line routing alternatives have
been developed for Nala, Bahi and Puma, thus lengthening the line by about 3.2 km.
More details on these line routing alternatives are presented in the ESIA report.
2.1.3 Singida - Shinyanga Section
The existing 220 kV line from T1 to T24 is completely built in and the new line running parallel to the
existing line may need the removal of more than 100 houses, partially multi-storage modern buildings
for business and administration purposes. The alternative line routing bypasses Singida town and
Lake Singida north-western, and joins again the 220 kV line at T42. Another bottleneck has been
found between T132 and T191, where the corridor between the road and the existing 220 kV line is
occupied by various buildings and scattered settlements. Between T191 and T210 the new line would
be situated in steep slopes of up to 50° transversal. In order to minimize these effects it was decided
to route the new line from T132 to T210 at around 1 km in parallel to the existing 220 kV line at the
northern side of the road leaving the existing settlements undisturbed and getting favourable terrain
condition in the latter part. From tower T260 to T265 B the line will pass through the seasonal Wem-
bere swamp at Mseko and Mgongoro villages. The line traverses further a system of seasonal rivers
(tributaries to Wembere River, and then continues towards Shinyanga occasional outcropping rocks
embedded in sandy soils.
In course of the field surveys in summer and autumn 2008, these proposals for routing alternatives
have been changed in order to avoid respectively further reduce unnecessary conflicts, by saving an-
other 140 houses and three larger public infrastructures (dispensary, primary and secondary school).
More details on these line routing alternatives are presented in the ESIA report.
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Figure 2-1: Proposed Power Transmission Line Route - Iringa - Shinyanga
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400 kV OHL Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Figure 2-2: Proposed Route Map for Iringa - Dodoma Section
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400 kV OHL Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Figure 2-3: Route Map for Dodoma - Singida Section
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400 kV OHL Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Figure 2-4: Route Map for Singida - Shinyanga Section
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Figure 2-5: Overview of the Line Corridor Sections with Wayleave Alternatives
2
1
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
2.2 RAP Concerning Project Activities
The project activities will constitute a range of operations that are aimed at ensuring that the 400 kV
power transmission line from Iringa to Shinyanga via Dodoma and Singida is completed in time and is
operational as required. The main activities are described below with additional information provided in
subsequent sections and chapters.
2.2.1 Mobilization Phase
This initial stage in the project implementation will commence as soon as all necessary permits and
processes have been accomplished. For example, mobilization shall start after the way leave has
been identified, project affected persons, and institutions have been compensated and/or relocated
according to the national and international laws and guidelines. Mobilization entails establishing work
camp and offices on the site, assembling equipment; construction work force as well as materials for
the initial start to secure the way leave. Securing the wayleave may not take place simultaneously
throughout the whole wayleave, but it may be undertaken in successions when the contractor is mov-
ing from one point to the other (see also Chapter 3.1.3).
Some temporary work camps will be established to provide shelter and storage facilities for construc-
tion material, fuel and lubricants, workshops, logistics and offices and accommodation for the staff for
several months during the construction period. The next work camp will be established some weeks
prior to finishing the main construction work at the first line stretch and this process will continue
through out the whole construction phase. Constructing the work camp in succession will minimize the
cumulative effect associated with constriction of the work along the way leave and providing an oppor-
tunity to the contractor to rehabilitate the campsite when the next camp is complete and ready for use.
For the proposed 400 kV power line, about 6-7 work camps shall be built. Each camp may accommo-
date up to 200 workers during construction. Hence, its size will be relatively large.
Issues of concern and impacts that may arise during this phase include noise, vibration, and dust
emissions arising from the movement of heavy machines and equipment to the site and for construc-
tion of the work camp, and waste produced by temporally work force that is establishing work places
for the constructions teams.
All these impacts will require adequate compensation measures.
2.2.2 Construction Phase
The Construction phase includes erecting the towers and securing the site and construction of facili-
ties for the substations and transformers as needed.
Machines and manual labour will be involved in the construction phase. Some areas will require
preparation of the access roads to bring equipment, workforce and materials to the designated sites.
All of these will need a substantial amount of land. Given the terrain in some of those areas, this un-
dertaking could be time consuming and challenging. However, on average, about 2 years are needed
to construct a stretch of about 200 km. Appropriate measures for mitigation and compensation of the
affected neighbouring population have to be considered by the project developer and main contractor
according to the ESMP.
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Some labour forces will be recruited from local communities -especially for the simple and manual op-
erations that could easily be accomplished using local skills. However, the main contractor will be re-
sponsible for the recruitment of the work force since he will be aware of the work schedule, quality of
the work that is needed, the budget for the workforce and safety issues. It is estimated that about 20%
of the 250 employees (or 50 workers) will come from the local communities in the areas construction is
taking place. Based on this estimation, only few people along the way leave will be employed for a 2
years period. However, a higher rate of employment of local work force can be achieved by softer land
clearing measures without machines.
2.2.3 Operation Phase
During operation, the power line will function as required, with TANESCO closely monitoring the power
transmission process and taking corrective actions in case of accidents and emergencies.
2.2.4 Decommissioning
The construction of the 400 kV power line from Iringa to Shinyanga is expected to provide long-term
benefits and services to the nation. Therefore, no general decommissioning phase of the power line or
the substations is expected, with exception of the work camps. The decommissioning of these camps
will involve demolition of structures and rehabilitating the land on which the camps were established to
its original condition. Nevertheless, the destruction of these structures may be avoided if TANESCO
will use them for other purposes or would donate the structures to the village governments to be used
in some social functions (e.g. village offices, schools, health facilities, etc). This opportunity, however,
is subject to the location of the work camps and the materials used to construct them.
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
3. Potential Impacts
Notice: All locations and figures mentioned in this Chapter are referring to remaining impacts
after all proposed routing alternative and mitigation measures have been accepted.
Those which remain are relevant for the Resettlement Action Plan, others are not..
3.1 Project Components Leading to Resettlement
The detailed layout and organization of facilities for the construction of the transmission line will be the
responsibility of the chosen contractor within the contract framework. The technical and timing details
are not known at this early planning stage. What can be said about these issues is based on assump-
tions and normal practice from similar projects.
3.1.1 Wayleave Corridor
The wayleave corridor for transmission lines includes land set aside for the transmission line and as-
sociated facilities, land needed to facilitate maintenance, and to avoid risks of fires and other acci-
dents. It provides a safety margin between the high-voltage lines and surrounding structures. The pro-
posed transmission line to be erected will utilize part of the existing 60 m wayleave of the 220 kV
transmission line from Iringa to Shinyanga. When running parallel to the existing line, use of common
right of way will reduce the overall RoW corridor width of the two lines.
In defining the parallel distance due, consideration must be given on tower geometry, conductor
swing-out, span length, induction interference and tower falling range. Since many of these parame-
ters are not yet known for the planned line, an initial axis distance of 55 m to the existing line has been
used to make assessments. This corridor covers an area of about 5,100 ha. An overview of the typical
width of the transmission line’s way leave is shown in Figure 3-1.
Figure 3-1: Size of the Way-Leave
220 kV
400 kV
220+400 kV
45 m
130 m
30 m
60 m
90 m
55 m
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
3.1.2 Substations
For the installation of the new 400 kV line the existing area reserved for the extension of existing sub-
stations will be used. No additional land with building structures etc. will have to be allocated to the
project. Thus the measures related to the upgrading or construction of new substations will have little
additional impact on the local PAP, except for the extension of S/S Shinyanga, where about 12 houses
located at Ibadakuli (ESIA, Chap. 2.2.5) will be affected.
3.1.3 Work Camps
During the construction phase, some work camps will be needed as storage area for construction ma-
terial (such as steel profiles, isolators, conductors, concrete, fuels and lubricants), for workshops, lo-
gistics, offices and accommodation for staff etc. for a period of several months. Each camp may ac-
commodate up to 200 workers, therefore, they will need water supply, wastewater discharge and
treatment system, waste disposal facilities as well as health facilities. Generally, a work camp will be
used only for several months during the construction period. The next work camp will be established
some weeks prior to finishing the main construction work at the first line stretch and this process will
continue throughout the whole construction phase. Constructing the work camp in succession will
minimize the cumulative effect associated with constriction of the work along the way leave and pro-
vide opportunity to the contractor to rehabilitate the campsite when the next camp is ready for use.
Normally such camps will be located in or near townships or larger villages in order to benefit from
their infrastructure as accommodation, food supply areas, health services etc. Technical requirements
will require that a camp may serve a segment of about 100 km split half way backward and forward
along the line. This means that in this project altogether 6 to 7 camps will be established. Due to in-
formation from TANESCO, at least four of these camps will be established within the TANESCO
owned sites at Iringa, Mtera, Dodoma and Singida. At Shinyanga the site adjacent to the existing sub-
station has to be acquired. Not more than two work camps have to be established in other communi-
ties. This might take place near Igunga (36,000 inhabitants) and near Manyoni (25,000 inhabitants).
3.1.4 Access Roads
Some permanent and semi-permanent road reaches will have to be constructed to ship equipment to
and from the sub-stations. Access road to transmission line structures for both line construction and
maintenance shall be required, and may be paved or gravelled. Re-contouring of land may be required
for access road construction. Additional temporary roads will also be needed during the construction
phase of the transmission line project.
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3.2 Type of Expected Impacts
The following impacts are, the main types of expected impacts leading to economic losses and/or
physical displacement and resettlement.
3.2.1 Loss of Productive Land and Resources
The area of immediate impacts will be (additionally to the wayleave of the existing 220 kV line) 70m
respectively 130m wide (where not parallel to the 220 kV line) and 670 km long. It should be noted
that TANESCO already has 60 m wayleave from the existing 220 kV transmission line. As soon as
TANESCO has acquired the land for the new power line, land cultivation and grazing activities be-
neath the lines are expected to be tolerated, although not formally allowed. However, the maximum
height of plants which are allowed to remain in the wayleave is 3 m.
Due to the fact that within the wayleave no buildings will be permitted, some areas potentially suitable
for settlements will be lost. Counting the area within settlements or nearby settled areas, about 20 km
of line length will be affected, i.e. 150 ha of potential settlement areas will be lost. Additionally, there
are a few areas which will possibly be sandwiched, which means that land dissected between linear
infrastructures for example power lines and / or traffic lines, will have reduced value for the construc-
tion of residential houses, if the remaining area is too small for this purpose. A reasonable limit may be
some 100 m distance between the wayleaves of such infrastructures. Such a situation may take place
at Igumbilo, Mlowa, Solya, Manga, Kibigiri and Kizonzo.
The proposed power transmission line will result in loss of land for agriculture, grazing and settlement.
The most commonly cultivated crops in project-affected areas are maize, sorghum, beans, millet,
paddy, cotton, and sunflower. Similarly, cattle, goats and sheep are grazed in all project affected ar-
eas. A line corridor of a width of 90m will have to be cleared to allow for the construction of the towers
and the lines. Where both lines will run parallel, the total wayleave will have to be cleared (if not al-
ready partially done) at a width of even 130m.
In other areas such as those of Kisima village in Mpwapwa District, Mlowa Barabarani in Chamwino
District, Mgongoro in Igunga District as well as Chikuyu in Manyoni District the proposed project will af-
fect the potential areas for agriculture activities in the area. For instance, in Chikuyu the line will cut
across the area that is used for cultivation of paddy. According to the villagers, it is difficult to get an-
other area within the village to cultivate paddy. At Kisima village, the proposed project may affect a
wetland that has a potential for cultivating food and cash crops all year long.
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Table 3-1: Land Loss for Settlements and Agriculture
ha ha % ha ha %
Way leave 4.914 4.914
hereof tower construction 86 1,8% 6,3 0,13%
way for inspection/maintainance 137 2,8% 137 2,8%
Outside way leave 39 32
hereof new access roads 2,8 7,2% 2,8 8,7%
substations 29 75% 29 91%
work camps 7 18% 0 0%
Total land occupation (to be cleared) 4.953 4.946
Loss for agricultural cultivation 262 5,3% 174 3,5%
hereof without ways/roads 122 2,5% 35 0,7%Loss for settlements 246 5,0% 246 5,0%
ha %
Total land occupation 5.110 5.103 195 4%
hereof to be cleared 268 -4.678 -95%
Loss for agricultural cultivation 268 5,2% 183 4,7% 8 5%
Loss for settlements 147 2,9% 147 2,9% -99 -40%1)
including line routing alternatives
without mitigation measures
with mitigation measures 1)
Difference
"without/with
mitigation
measures"
Operation phaseConstruction phase
The impact on land value is one of the major issues of concern to some of the stakeholders. Some of
the stakeholders consulted were concerned that land value in their area might depreciate due to the
presence of towers close to their houses, land or even place of business. The value of the land will
depreciate if power lines take part of the land or it is close to the line, such that no major economic ac-
tivity can be undertaken.
Other stakeholders were concerned about becoming "sandwiched" between two power lines or even
between the lines and the road. In areas where the lines will not run parallel, they will tend to take up
large land at the middle and this may limit the expansion of the villages and even reduce the value of
the land in question.
The construction of the proposed transmission line is inadvertently impacting on more households ly-
ing between these infrastructures. For example, at Misuna village, near the Singida Substation, the
District Land Officer has had difficulties offering title deeds to some of the landowners simply because
the piece of land that is owned by these individuals lies between two existing transmission lines
(Arusha and Shinyanga line). Although this area is not within the TANESCO wayleave, the land office
still categorizes the land as a health risk area. However, according to the TANESCO and general elec-
tricity safety code, areas located outside of the wayleave are safe for living and free from electricity
hazards and danger.
According to the field survey, a number of permanent houses will need to be relocated as a conse-
quence of the establishment of the wayleave corridor. Following the results of the field survey per-
formed and the subsidiary counting of houses from satellite images, about 840 houses or house like
structures (shacks, stands) will be affected by the wayleave and will have to be removed as follows:
• 180 houses between Iringa and Dodoma, i. e. 0.8 houses / km,
• 216 houses between Dodoma and Singida, i. e. 1.0 houses / km and
• 442 houses between Singida and Shinyanga, i. e. 1.9 houses / km.
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Most of the affected settlements have developed into a linear structure along the existing line, which
often plays the role of development axis. In such areas there will be no problem shifting the houses,
i.e. to construct a new house on the same plot nearby, and people will be able to continue their farm-
ing and livestock keeping activities as usual. But some villages will be quite restricted in this issue due
to topographical reasons (e. g. in Puma) or due to the fact that the settlement has developed two-
dimensionally. Settlements with such problems will be found in Mkonze and Misuna. The exact num-
ber of affected households and persons will, however, be known later, after the final design is com-
pleted and the PAP census is undertaken. In any case, PAP will lose their right to occupy part or all
the land which they are using for residential or for productive purposes.
In addition to the loss of land, some economically valuable trees, notably mango and other trees, will
be cut down. The construction of the proposed transmission line may also involve the destruction of
seasonal crops in the wayleave. Prior information will allow those affected to stop from planting new
crops or to harvest already planted crops before construction activities begin. Alternatively, construc-
tion work can start during the dry season when all farm lands have been harvested. Hence, the effect
of the loss of crops and trees on affected people's livelihoods is considered moderately negative.
3.2.2 Loss of Settlement Structures and Shelter
Although no significant relocation by the project-affected people is predicted, several houses will be af-
fected by the proposed project. The kind of houses which will be affected are largely traditional rural
houses, which are made of mud and thatches. Some houses built with corrugated iron sheets, cement
blocks or burnt bricks, will be affected, largely in urban areas.
Despite this, it is expected that no major threats will be posed to livelihoods, as most people in the pro-
ject area will be able to continue with farming and livestock keeping activities within their villages. Land
is not so scarce in the villages along the right of way. However; land scarcity might be a problem in
settlements that are within or adjacent to urban areas. Villages such as Mkonze in Dodoma Municipal
and Misuna in Singida Municipality have land shortage and affected households might be forced to re-
locate outside the village but within the district.
3.2.3 Loss of Income Sources or Means of Livelihood
For the major part of the corridor the land is used for agriculture. Some of this land will be taken per-
manently for the transmission line towers. The rest of the land, in particular the one under the over-
head lines, may still be used for cultivation after completion of the construction works. Some of the
standing crops may also be affected during construction.
3.2.4 Loss of Community and Public Structures
A few public infrastructures such as schools, churches, mosques, water supply structures etc., existing
or planned, will be affected by the proposed development as they are allocated (partially) within the
way-leave. Such items found in the course of field surveys are listed in Table 3-2.
Social services such as dispensaries, water schemes, accommodation facilities are inadequate in
most of the settlements along the line. At villages with work camps there will be some pressure on ex-
isting services which are already in poor condition.
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
This may create some social stress in terms of conflicts regarding resources and in thefts and burglar-
ies. The fact that TANESCO uses barbed wire to secure the towers and pays local communities to
guard them is a clear indication of this problem. Currently, TANESCO is paying about TSh 2,000 for
each tower sited within the village land.
However, this potential social stress may be mitigated to some extent by the fact that most of the communities in the project area may already be, to some degree, sensitized to potential social prob-lems due to the previous effects from the construction of the existing 220 kV line and road construction between Dodoma and Igunga.
Table 3-2: Affected Infrastructures
Village District Affected Infrastructures Alternative
Nala Dodoma Municipal water tank with pipes and tap, primary court, weighbridge yes
Bahi Bahi Church, Mission, Secondary school yes
Lusilile Manyoni District toilets of primary school no
Mkwese Manyoni District underground water pipes no
Mkwese Manyoni District water pumping station no
Nkunikana Singida Rural small secondary school under construction, small mosque no
Puma Singida Rural Watertower yes
Misuna Singida Rural dispensary yes
Mnung'una Singida Rural small dam + cattle soaking structure no
Ntondo Singida rural small mosque no
Tumuli Iramba District larger secondary school no
Kyengege Iramba District boreholes, well, water pipes yes
Kitukutu Iramba District yes
Kitusha Iramba District yesMgongoro Igunga District small church, small mosque no
Planning Conflicts (to be negociated)
Ulyampiti Singida Rural village office / dispensary planned no
Kipumbwiko Singida Rural secondary school planned no
Misigiri Iramba District town development area yes
Kizonzo Iramba District village market planned no
boreholes, primary school, secondary school
Source: Field Survey, 2008
Based on available survey data of the existing infrastructures in the village areas affected by the Pro-
ject, the expected losses of the above mentioned public infrastructures (Table 3.2) will be less than
1% of total public infrastructures existing in these locations.
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3.2.5 Loss of Cultural and Archaeological Property
Many graves and even graveyards, all together more than 200 graves, have been found inside the
wayleave of the existing line (some even established after construction) as well as of the new line. A
limited number of these graves may have to be relocated if there is a risk that they will be disturbed by
construction activities. Graveyards and larger agglomeration of graves have been found at:
• Kising'a (Iringa Rural) 25 graves
• Ikungi (Singida Rural) larger graveyard
• Kibigiri (Iramba) 30 graves.
Beliefs and traditions in the project area allow graves to be relocated if it is done in a culturally accept-
able way. Compensation will be paid for expenses related to the relocation of graves such as ex-
penses for ceremonies and labour in connection with exhumation and reburial.
The proposed power transmission line may also affect other cultural sites. Discussion with the Antiqui-
ties Department highlighted the importance of conserving any archaeological features that will be
found within the way-leave.
The proposed power transmission line may affect cultural sites. Some of the cultural sites to be af-
fected are burial sites and graveyards that are used by villages and where local communities perform
their traditional rites or ceremonies. In addition, the line will cross Solya Village near Kilimatinde,
Manyoni District. Kilimatinde is passed by the Central Slave and Ivory Trade Route, and an old Ger-
man Fort in Kilimatinde is located there. The line definitely does not affect these important landmarks.
Most of the stakeholders along the proposed wayleave were concerned if the graves will be compen-
sated and if the process of relocating the graves will be participatory and take into account their cul-
tures and values. Land officers that were also part of the ESIA Team explained how the procedure
would be carried out. Discussion with the Antiquities Department also highlighted the importance of
conserving any archaeological features that will be in the RoW.
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4. Objectives of the Resettlement Plan
Like in all standard Resettlement Action Plans, the objective of a RAP is to ensure that project affected
people (PAP) are promptly and fairly compensated for any loss of productive land, structures, or other
properties as a result of land requisition for the transmission line wayleave/corridor. Furthermore, a
RAP also proposes mitigation measures to ameliorate any negative impacts. Efforts are made in the
detailed planning of the line route to avoid densely populated areas and structures as far as techni-
cally feasible and with due consideration for safety measures. Consultations with PAP and local au-
thorities have taken place along the corridor as part of the ESIA/RPF studies in order to avoid unnec-
essary relocation and impacts.
The present Resettlement Action Plan is providing most of the information and details required by a
full RAP as they are defined by the WB OP 4.12. It includes the description of the project, identification
of the project components leading to resettlement, the social characterization of the affected popula-
tion; the description of the legal, policy and institutional frameworks for resettlement and compensation
in Tanzania; the criteria for eligibility and the resettlement and compensation entitlements; the results
of the community participation and consultation program; the identification of the grievance mecha-
nisms; description of implementation arrangements; and the objectives of the evaluation and monitor-
ing activities linked to implementation of the RAP.
However, due the pending detailed design of the transmission line route and the detailed land survey,
including the demarcation of transmission line corridors, the present Resettlement Policy Framework
cannot include a detailed census, inventory and valuation of assets of the PAP. Once those aspects
have been included, the full RAP can be completed.
This RPF document complements the ESIA and aims to minimize the social impacts of the proposed
400 kV Transmission Line. In order to achieve this, the RPF emphasizes that:
• involuntary resettlement should as much as possible be avoided by exploring all possible alterna-
tives;
• if resettlement cannot be avoided, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as
sustainable development activities with the participation and consent of the PAP;
• at the end of the day the PAP should be in a better socio-economic position than before the Pro-
ject.
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5. Socio-Economic Characteristics
5.1 Overview
This Chapter describes the socioeconomic characteristics of the population of all districts which will be
affected by the project's right-of-way. The project covers five regions, namely Iringa, Dodoma, Singida,
Tabora and Shinyanga and several districts and villages.
Generally, all villagers that will be affected by the project have most of the basic social services as de-
scribed in each District socioeconomic profiles. The services include schools (primary and secondary),
water, health and communications (roads and telephone) .However most of these services are either
of poor quality or not sufficient. In newly established Districts such as those Kishapu, Bahi and Cham-
wino, most of the major social services such as a district hospital are unavailable.
This is also the case in newly established villages such as Mitoo-Juu in Manyoni District and Isalanda
in Singida Rural where basic social services such as health and primary schools are still unavailable.
Annex 3.5 provides information on available social service infrastructures in all villages likely to be af-
fected by the Project. It has been noted that the proposed Project might affect some of the existing so-
cial and cultural infrastructures.
The ESIA, which this RPF complements, has proposed some alternatives that will minimize impacts of
the Project to the social infrastructure and services, in such a way that less than 1% of existing public
infrastructures will be really affected.
Most of the local communities along the proposed RoW are small-scale farmers, making agriculture
and livestock keeping their main economic activities. Other PAP, especially those in urban areas, are
engaged in activities such as employment and business. People around Mtera Dam are involved in
fishing. Most farmers practice subsistence farming with very low annual output. There is very little use
of agricultural fertilizers and mechanized agricultural. Seasonal crops cultivated include sunflowers
and cotton (cash crops), while food crops include maize, groundnuts and millet. Few villagers in
Chamwino and Mpwapwa districts of Dodoma Region cultivate grapes as a cash crop.
The Project is also likely to impact land used by local communities for agricultural activities. In villages
such as Kisima in Mpwapwa District, part of the most fertile pieces of land, is likely to be affected by
the Project. Details of the socio-economic baseline conditions in each district are provided below.
5.2 Iringa Region
5.2.1 Iringa Municipality
Iringa Municipality is one of the 6 districts of Iringa Region in the southern highlands of Tanzania.
Population
According to projections based on the 2002 Population and Household Census, which provided an
annual growth rate of 1.6%, the district has today a total population of about 113,350 people, of which
58,879 are female and 54,471 are male. The number of children under 5 years old is about 22,675.
On the other hand, the elderly constitute 2,717 of the total population.
Economy
The main economic activity of the district is agriculture, mainly based on subsistence economy and
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small scale sales for villages which are on the periphery of the municipality. People living in the urban
area are mainly running small-scale industries, doing commerce and petty trading.
Education services
The district has 43 primary schools out of which 36 are governmental schools and seven are private
owned. There are also 11 secondary schools. In addition, district has three universities, one Teachers
College, one vocational training centre, one Community Development College and three University
Colleges.
Health sector
There are three hospitals in the municipality. One belongs to the government, the other two belonging
to religious institutions. There are also two government owned health centres and one private health
centre. The municipality has 20 dispensaries.
Major health problems are malnutrition and infant mortality. Other common diseases are HIV/Aids, ma-
laria and tuberculosis. There is an increase of HIV/Aids by 13.7% per year, and the region as such is
one of the highly infected regions in Tanzania. The main cause for this high rate of infection has been
the highly migrant labour force that moves a lot between the region and other regions in search of job
opportunities as plantation workers, domestic workers and traders.
Water supply
The main sources of water for the district are the Little Ruaha River and the Kitwiru springs. About
90% of people in the municipality have access to safe and clean drinking water.
5.2.2 Iringa Rural District
Iringa Rural District has an area of 20,576 km² of which only 9,857.5 km² is habitable, whereas a na-
tional park, some forest reserves, rocky mountains and water bodies occupy the rest of the land area.
Population
The district has a total population of more than 250,000, of which around 120,000 are males and
130,000 are females. The dependence ratio is about 50%, whereby more than 122,000 children and
the elderly are dependent on 124,000 economically active population.
Economy
The mainstay for the majority of the people in the district is agriculture, which employs about 82% of
the active population. Livestock keeping is another main economic activity, largely undertaken at low
sedentary levels. Pastoralist concentrates in the areas close to the national park as well as around the
Mtera dam in search of pasture and water. Other economic activities include fishing, forestry, tourism,
service sector (transportation) and trading. Crops grown for commercial purpose include pyrethrum,
coffee, tobacco, and sunflower while crops cultivated food but also occasionally sold include maize,
beans, millet, sorghum, peas, tomatoes, paddy, groundnuts and wheat.
Infrastructures
The district has good road network, well-developed telecommunications, electricity supply, postal and
banking services, water supply as well as various financial institutions.
Energy supply
Electricity consumed in Iringa District is supplied from the national grid system. In addition, the district
is home to one of the major hydropower plants in Tanzania, the Mtera Dam that runs on water from
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the Great Ruaha River, a key landmark of the district.
Health sector
Iringa District has 1 hospital, 5 health centres, 58 dispensaries and 35 pharmacies. The main health
problems include malnutrition, infant mortality diarrhoea, malaria and HIV/Aids. With sudden increase
in the number of universities and students in Iringa, pressure on existing health services is likely to in-
crease and the possibility of getting more cases of sick people due to communicable diseases is high.
Education
The District has 144 primary schools and 9 secondary schools.
Water supply
About 197,809 people or about 60% of the population in the rural areas have access to clean water
within a range of 400 meters. Most of the water is from rivers, springs and boreholes.
5.3 Dodoma Region
5.3.1 Mpwapwa District
Mpwapwa District is located about 120 km southeast from Dodoma regional headquarters. The district
covers a total area of 7,379 km².
Population
By the year 2002, the district had a total population of 253,602 people. With an annual growth rate of
2.1%, the District population is now estimated to be 289,914 people.
Education Services
The district has a total number of 130 nursery schools, 115 primary schools and 23 secondary
schools. Existing primary and secondary schools are facing major shortage of school infrastructures;
currently the government in collaboration with the local communities is in the process of improving the
status and quality of these schools.
Health Services
The health care system consists of one hospital, 2 health centres and 43 dispensaries. The public
owns about 78% of the health service facilities while charitable organizations, NGOs and private insti-
tutions own the rest. The most common diseases in the district are malaria, ARI, diarrhoea and pneu-
monia.
Water Supply
The district has about 32 boreholes, 71 shallow wells (using hand pumps) and 32 water springs. As
part of the effort of the district to reduce some of the water borne diseases, the district has been in-
creasing the population served with clean water in the rural areas from 62% in 2005/06 to 74% in
2006/07.
Economic Activities
Agriculture and livestock keeping are the main economic activities of the people of Mpwapwa. About
90% of the total population is engaged in these economic activities. Other activities include small and
medium scale business, small-scale industries and office work employing about 2% of the population.
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5.3.2 Chamwino District
Chamwino District in Dodoma region is located on the central plateau of Tanzania west of Dodoma
City. The district has a total area of 8,856 km² with 72 villages and 28 wards, spread in 5 divisions,
namely Itiso, Makang'wa, Mvumi, Chilonwa and Mpwayungu.
Population
According to 2002 national census, the population of Chamwino District was 260,841 people, made up
of 23,972 male and 136,869 female, with an average population density of 31 people per km². There
are about 103,659 households in the district with an average size of 4.1 people per household. Ac-
cording to Regional and District projections, the district population for 2007 was estimated at 284,637,
of which 36, 684 were male 147,953 were female.
Education
The district has 109 primary schools including one special school for handicapped at Buigiri Mission.
In addition, the district has 47,239 students in its 109 schools out of which 24,266 are boys and 22,975
are girls. In 1996, there was only one secondary school in Chamwino but this situation has changed
and there are now 11 secondary schools in district.
Health services
The health situation in the district portrays the same patterns experienced by other less developed ar-
eas in the Dodoma region. The district is characterized by high occurrence of common preventable
diseases such as malaria, eye disease, diarrhoea, skin disease and intestinal worms. Apart from
prevalence of common diseases among the district population, infant and child mortality rates and ma-
ternal mortally rates are higher than the national average. The district has one private hospital, 3 rural
health centres and 49 dispensaries.
Water supply
Poor climate condition and the absence of reliable water sources like permanent rivers and spring has
forced the district population to depend on boreholes, shallow wells, rainwater harvesting structures
and wind mills which have minimized the perpetual chronic water shortage for both animals and do-
mestic use. The district has 129 water supply schemes capable of providing clean and safe water to
74% of the district population.
Energy
The National hydroelectric power grid serves some parts of the district; other sources include diesel,
petrol and kerosene, which are sources of energy for both domestic and commercial usage. However,
like in other areas if the region, the majority of the population depends on firewood and charcoal for
their energy needs. This dependence has implications on forest and vegetation cover and is a critical
factor to note as TANESCO expands the power supply to the district.
Economy
The district has one of the lowest incomes per capital in the region, which is estimated at TSh
120,000. The economy of the district is entirely dependent on agriculture and livestock keeping, which
are not doing well after all. The main cash crops produced in the district include groundnuts, sun-
flower, castor and simsim. Other economic sectors such as mining, forestry, bee keeping and fishing
play an important role in the economy of the district.
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5.3.3 Dodoma Municipality
Dodoma Municipality is one of six administrative districts that make up Dodoma Region. The munici-
pality was established in July 1980. However, government declared Dodoma Township the new na-
tional capital as early as 1973. Today Dodoma Municipality is still the official capital of the United Re-
public of Tanzania and the substantive seat of the Union Parliament.
Population
The current projected population is 441,450 people based on the Population and Housing Census of
2002. The total number of households is 76,112 with an average household size of 5.8 people per
household. The average population growth rate is 3.3% per annum. There are 238,383 people living in
the rural areas and 203,067 living in urban areas of the municipality, but the whole of the municipality
is a planning area under the Capital Development Authority (CDA).
Economy
About 75% of the municipal income is derived from agriculture (crop and animal husbandry) and the
remaining 25% from other sectors. The contribution of industries to the municipal economy to date is
low due to little industrial investment. The peri-urban population is engaged mainly in crop production
and animal husbandry. The municipal income per capita has slightly risen from TSh 170,000 in 2005
to more than TSh 240,000 in 2008.
Education services
Dodoma Municipality has 103 primary schools with 66,547 pupils of which 33,101 are male and
33,446 are female and 52 secondary schools of which 36 are public schools and 16 are private
schools. The municipality also has 8 special education centres for disabled students. There are also
two universities established in Dodoma Municipality, one is a public university and another one be-
longing to a religious institution. The University of Dodoma (public) and St. Johns' University (private)
are located within the municipal area have a combined number of students of over 15, 000 in total.
Other institutions include the Dodoma Branch of College of Business Administration, a Vocational
Training Centre and a Rural Development Institute.
Health services
Dodoma Municipality has 3 hospitals, 2 of which are owned by the Government and 1 hospital owned
by a religious institution. There are five health centres, the Council owns three and two are privately
owned, 48 dispensaries, of which 23 are government owned, 15 belong to religious institutions and 10
are privately owned. Dodoma Regional Hospital (General Hospital) serves as a Municipal Hospital be-
cause the district does not have an own hospital. Common diseases in the district include malaria,
acute respiratory infection (ARI), Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/Aids.
Communication infrastructure
Dodoma Municipality has a total of 526.4 kilometres of road in which 40.8 km (7.75%) are tarmac, 62
km (11.8%) are gravel and 423.6 km (80.5%) are earth road.
Water supply
There are 40 villages in the municipality with 34 deep-water wells, 80 shallow water wells, 2 dams, 1
natural spring and 4 windmills. The total number of people living in the rural areas is 238,383, of which
166,868 (70%) people have access to clean and safe water. The community is operating these water
schemes through their water user committees. The rest of the municipal population receives water
from the municipal supply system. Water is a critical resource in the district, largely due to poor infra-
structure support system.
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5.3.4 Bahi District
Bahi District is one of the six districts in Dodoma Region. The district is located at the central plateau
of Tanzania, towards the western side of the country. The district has a total area of 6,100 km² with 56
villages and 20 wards, which are divided into four divisions, namely Mwitikira, Chipanga, Bahi and
Mundemu.
Economy
Bahi is among the least developed districts of Tanzania and is the poorest in terms of estimated in-
come per capita. It is estimated that the annual per capita income is 120,000 TSh. The district econ-
omy is almost entirely depending on agriculture and livestock keeping which are not doing well in the
district due to poor climatic conditions. Agriculture is characterized by low productivity resulting from
low rainfall, high evapotranspiration and low moisture holding capacity of soils.
Population
According to the 2002 national census, the population of Bahi District was 179,704 people, thereof
85,430 male and 94,294 female. The population growth rate was 1.6% per annum. The average
household size is estimated about 4.5 people compared to the national level average of 5.2 people per
household. Bahi has about 3,659 households.
Energy
Apart from the hydroelectric scheme of the Mtera Dam, there is also energy from diesel, petrol and
kerosene, which are used by small industries and domestic use. However, more than 95% of the
population depends on firewood and charcoal as their source of energy mainly for cooking. Excessive
use of charcoal and firewood has led to the destruction of the eco-system in terms of forest depletion
and its subsequent negative impacts.
Education services
The district has 67 primary schools including one special school for handicapped. Bahi District had
fewer secondary schools in the past 10 years, a situation that aggravated the problem of low numbers
of pupils going to secondary schools. However, the district began to implement measures to deal with
this issue and now there are 8 secondary schools built at the district.
Health sector
The district has 30 health facilities, 3 government owned rural health centres and 27 dispensaries, of
which 26 are government owned and one dispensary is under the ownership of a voluntary agency.
The district does not have a hospital, forcing local communities to depend on hospitals that are located
in other districts.
The most common diseases in the district include malaria, URTI and eye infections. Other diseases
such as diarrhoea and kwashiorkor are associated with hygiene and malnutrition. The health sector in
the district faces problems of shortage of human resources, medical supplies and finance.
Water supply
Water supply is one of the major components for improving the hygiene and sanitation of a commu-
nity. However, poor climatic conditions and the absence of permanent rivers and springs have neces-
sitated the drilling of boreholes, shallow wells and use of windmills to pump water to distribution points.
In addition, water-harvesting techniques are also common in Bahi as a measure to deal with water
scarcity.
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The district has 133 water supply schemes capable to providing clean and safe water to 66% of the
district population. Some of the water supply points are within the proposed wayleave and this RPF
has proposed mitigation measures in the form of alternative alignment to prevent effect to the water
supply infrastructure.
5.4 Singida Region
5.4.1 Manyoni District
Manyoni District is located in the central part of Tanzania. It has an area of 28,620 km² and covers
58% of the Singida Region area.
Population
The District had a population of 205,423 people in 2002, of which 105,238 were female and 100,185
were male. The highest population density is in Manyoni ward with 24,318 inhabitants and the least
populated ward is Aghondi with 4,027 inhabitants. The district has 42,889 households with an average
household size of 4.7 people.
Economy
The main economic activities in the District are farming where crops such as maize, beans, sorghum,
millet, cassava, sweet potatoes, sunflower, cotton, tobacco are cultivated on small-scale level. Other
economic activities include mining, petty trading, timber processing, tourism, hunting and beekeeping.
Livestock is also an important economic activity in the district. The annual per capita income in the dis-
trict is TSh 215,760.
Water Supply
The District Council is concerned with the delivery of clean and safe water in urban, peri-urban and ru-
ral areas. Water sources include 55 deep wells 27 medium deep wells, 36 shallow wells, 10 dams and
2 irrigation schemes. Motor pumps and windmills provide most of the energy sources for pumping wa-
ter from the sources to the distribution systems and points. The proposed power transmission line will
put more pressure in water, although this will be experienced only during the short period of construc-
tion phase. About 31% of the rural and 23% of the urban population have access to clean and safe
water.
Communication
Several telecommunication companies operate in Manyoni district. These include Tanzania Telecom-
munication Company (TTCL) and some mobile phone companies such as Zain, Vodacom, Tigo and
Zantel. The District is also connected with the Central Railway System from Dar es Salaam to Kigoma
and Mwanza and a junction to Dodoma -Singida Railway line. These railway lines are very crucial for
transport of raw materials and passengers between western, central and eastern Tanzania and might
be used to transport construction materials for the proposed power transmission line in bulk form.
Energy supply
Manyoni district council is connected to the National grid and some of the people are served with elec-
tricity in their homes. However, still the largest population in the district is depending on firewood and
charcoal. The proposed power line project may increase pressure on biomass and exacerbate forest
depletion although this will only be during constriction phase.
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Education services
The district has 16 secondary schools. Each administrative division and ward has at least one secon-
dary school. Even though, most of the schools lack necessary buildings such as laboratories, libraries
or boarding facilities.
Health
Health service facilities in Manyoni District Council include 3 hospitals, 4 health centres and 28 dis-
pensaries. Major epidemic diseases are cholera, meningitis and measles.
Historical and cultural sites
Manyoni district is a potential tourist and historical site. Among the unique features which are found in
Manyoni are the Itigi Thickets (Ndarambwe), which are endemic to this district. Another historical site
is the old Central Ivory and Slave Trade Caravan Route, which was followed during the slave trade all
the way to Bagamoyo in the Indian Ocean coast. Kilimatinde village is strategically situated on the hill-
top served as an observation point when the caravans were moving down the embankment. The pro-
posed power line may not cross some of these features, but they form an important landmark for the
district and its history.
5.4.2 Singida Rural District
Singida District covers an area of about 12,164 km². The annual per capita income is only TSh
144,000. the population growth rate 2.4%. Poor farming technologies, unreliable rains, low soil fertility
and poor farming methods contribute to the underdevelopment in the district. However, the district is
endowed with unexplored natural resource bases including minerals, forests, wildlife and water
(dams). Moreover, 55% of the total land area is arable while grazing land covers an area of about
3737.2 km².
Population
The District had a total population of 400,377 people in year 2002 of which 195,022 were male and
205,355 were female. Singida Rural District had 79,595 households of which 75,009 households were
located in rural areas and 4,586 households in urban areas. According to the 2002 census, the aver-
age household size was 5.0 persons per household.
Economy
The main economic activities in the district are farming and livestock keeping. Other activities include
fishing, beekeeping, small-scale mining, small businesses, cottage industry, and lumbering. Both food
and cash crops are grown. Food crops include maize, sorghum, millets, paddy, beans, cassava and
sweet potatoes. Cash crops include sunflower, groundnuts, finger millet, yellow peas, coriander, on-
ions, simsim, cotton, and other newly introduced crops like pigeon peas, cashew nuts and mlonge.
Small-scale farmers constitute 40% of the economic activities, pastoralists 20%, agro-pastoralists 30%
and mixed farmers 10% of the total population. Others include small-scale industries such as grain
mills, oil mills carpentry workshops, black smith and tailoring. On the business side shops, kiosks, tea-
rooms, guesthouses, saloons, and groceries provide services to the people on essential products.
These activities will greatly benefit from increased and expanded supply of energy from the proposed
power transmission project.
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Health services
The district has 38 dispensaries, 6 health centres and one hospital. Malaria and pneumonia are the
most common diseases in the district. HIV/Aids and tuberculosis are also becoming a threat to the dis-
trict.
Education
There are 147 primary schools and 11 secondary schools in the district.
5.4.3 Singida Municipality
Singida Municipality covers an area 754 km², of which 730.5 km² is land area and 23.5 km² is covered
by water. Administratively, the district has 2 division, 13 wards, 19 villages and 39 streets.
Population
Singida Municipality had a total population of 115,354 by 2002. Of these, about, 55,828 were male
and 59,526 were female. It is projected that in year 2008 the population of Singida Municipality will be
153,548 people of which 75,750 will be male and 77,798 female. The total number of households in
2002 was 24,512 with an average household size of 4.7 persons. The population growth rate is 2.5%
per annum.
Economy
Agriculture is the largest economic activity in Singida Municipality, which employs about 90% of the
economically active population. The district has an average total area of 9,452 hectares under cultiva-
tion, of which 8,456 hectares is under food crops and 996 hectares under cash crops. The main food
crops grown in the district are maize, sorghum, bulrush millet, sweet potatoes and beans. Maize has a
high risk of failure in the district, as it requires higher rainfall. The main cash crops grown in the area is
sunflower that is sold raw or pressed into cooking oil and sold locally or to other regions, including Dar
es Salaam. Other economic activities include petty trading, commerce, employment (formal) and ser-
vice provision.
Livestock keeping is an important economic activity in the district. It provides the population with high
quality protein such as meat, milk, and eggs. It also provides draught power, hides, skin and manure.
Common livestock in the district are cattle, goats, sheep, donkeys and pigs. In addition, poultry (locally
kept) is a thriving business in Singida with chicken transported to Dar es Salaam and Dodoma,
Morogoro and markets. The district has been affected by factors such as unreliable rainfall poor mar-
ket, limited access to facilities capable of controlling or preventing animal diseases, insufficiency pas-
ture and lack of reliable water sources especially during the dry season such that its livestock industry
has not developed fully. There are no large-scale industrial activities in the district part from few and
isolated oil pressing facilities.
Water supply
The larger part of the population does not have access to clean and safe water, especially the people
living in rural areas. In Singida Municipality, only 51% of the population has access to safe, clean and
adequate water. Insufficient water sources and inadequate resources to distribute water to more peo-
ple are factors that limit supply of this resource to the needy population. Most of the sources are shal-
low wells, which dry up during dry season.
Health services
Malaria is the main disease affecting many people in the district. Other diseases include ARI, Pneu-
monia and diarrhoea. Epidemics also pose a greater danger to Singida Municipal community. Dis-
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
eases, which have a tendency to spread fast and become fatal, are measles, cholera, plaque, menin-
gitis and dysentery. The district has one regional hospital, two health centres, one public and the other
one private, 9 public dispensaries and 6 private dispensaries. The services are low to moderate due to
inadequate staff and resources to provide for better equipment. The power transmission line will in-
crease pressure on such services due to the workers who will be involved in construction.
Figure 5-1: Mungumaji Dispensary, one of the Health Facilities in Singida (no longer affected
after rerouting)
Energy supply
Firewood and charcoal are the main sources of energy in household in Singida Municipality. The pro-
posed power line transmission line is intended to increase the capacity of electricity to the district
through the substation however; most of the people in outlaying villages will continue to depend on
firewood for a long time to come. The power line project will have low to moderate effect on firewood
production and consumption during construction, due to increased demand by the workers.
Education services
The Municipality has 33 public and 8 pre-primary schools with 3,430 pupils, and 34 primary schools
with 26,979 pupils. It has also five public secondary schools and two private secondary schools with
10,139 students. Education in the Municipality is facing problems of shortage of primary schools, poor
enrolment rates, shortage of teachers and equipments. However, since most of the workers in the
proposed power line will be for short duration only, pressure on schools will not be an issue. However,
delinquency, school absenteeism and pregnancies could be issue of concern along the right of way
within the district.
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5.4.4 Iramba District
Iramba District is part of Singida Region. Kiomboi, which is the district headquarters, is located 100 km
from Singida Town.
Population
Iramba is the mostly densely populated district in Singida Region. Currently the District population is
392,645 people, whereas 190,818 people are male and 201,827 people are female. The total number
of households in the district is 75,943 with an average household size of 5.1 persons.
Economy
Agriculture is the largest economic activity in the district employing about 85% of the population. Main
food crops include maize, millet, sorghum, paddy, cassava, sweet potatoes and beans, while main
cash crops are sunflower, onions, groundnuts, cotton, simsim, pigeon peas and yellow grams. The
annual per capita income in Iramba accounts is about 240,000 TSh. Other households complement
agriculture with livestock keeping and petty business. The district natural resources sector comprises
of forestry, fisheries, beekeeping and wildlife, and is one of the key sectors that contribute to the dis-
trict gross domestic product.
Education
In 2007 the district has 148 primary schools and 16 secondary schools. The district is expecting 13
additional secondary schools in the next years.
Health Services
The district has two hospitals (one public hospital, and one hospital owned by a voluntary agency).
There are also four government health centres, 35 government dispensaries and 13 voluntary agency
dispensaries, three dispensaries under the national parastatals and one private owned dispensary.
The most common diseases in the district include malaria, pneumonia, diarrhoea, eye infections and
HIV/Aids.
Water Supply
In the year 2007, Iramba district had 341 functioning water supply schemes in addition to 7 schemes
which were not properly working. The water supply schemes are dominated by shallow wells as the
main source, followed by wells equipped with hand pump.
5.5 Tabora Region
5.5.1 Igunga District
Igunga District is one of the six districts of Tabora Region and covers an area of 4,499 km², and bor-
ders with Kishapu District to the north, Iramba District to the east, Uyui District to the south and Nzega
District to the west.
Population
According to the 2002 Population Census, the district had 324,094 inhabitants, of which 159,667 were
male and 165,880 were female. The district has 51,176 households with an average household size of
6.3 persons.
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Economy
Agriculture and livestock keeping are the main economic activities in Igunga District. Livestock kept in-
clude cattle, goats, sheep and pigs. Agriculture is poor because of unreliable rainfall and poor farming
technologies. Consequently, there are wide variations of crops produced every year. In order to in-
crease production, irrigation farming must be adopted to a large extent. The district has a potential of
40,790 hectares for irrigation.
Education Services
By the end of 2006, Igunga District had 128 primary schools and 16 secondary schools.
5.6 Shinyanga Region
5.6.1 Kishapu District
Kishapu District is one of the 8 districts that form Shinyanga Region. The district borders Meatu and
Iramba Districts in the east, Igunga District in the south, and Maswa and Kwimba Districts in the north.
The total area of the district is 4,039 km².
Population
In 2002, the district population was 240,000 of which 121,000 were male and 120,000 were female.
With an annual population growth rate of 1.6% this population is currently estimated to be 292,000.
The average household size is 6.1.
Economy
The main economic activities in Kishapu District are agriculture (88.1%), forestry and fishery (6.3%),
local mining (0.9%), small-scale businesses (0.9%) and other economic activities (3.8%). The average
daily income per head was about 727 TSh and annual per capita income was about 262,000 TSh.
The main crops grown include sorghum, yams, maize, sunflower, groundnuts, paddy, and cotton. To-
tal arable land is about 319,200 hectares but only 56.7% of this area is cultivated (181,138 hectares).
Livestock keeping is the second main economic activity, which engages about 27% of the district's
population.
Education services
There are 115 primary schools and 28 secondary schools in the district. The district has also an adult
education programme and there are 86 centres for adult education.
Health services
The district has one hospital, 4 health centres and 42 dispensaries. Common diseases in the district
are malaria, diarrhoea, pneumonia, eye infection, Helmini arthriasis, skin infection and HIV/Aids.
Water supply
Most of the population obtains drinking water from dams and rivers (59.8%) and shallow and deep
wells (40.2%). About 70% of people use water for domestic purposes from protected wells, and 30%
from taps or rainwater collection.
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5.6.2 Shinyanga Municipality
Shinyanga Municipality covers an area of 548 km², and has 13 administrative wards and 19 villages.
Population
In 2002, the district had 135,166 people, of which 66,835 were male and 68,331 were female. It is es-
timated that the total population will be 181,838 in 2008, of which 89,266 are male and 92,271 female.
The district intercensual growth rate is 3.3%. In 2002, the district had 67,583 households with an aver-
age household size of 2.0 persons per household.
Economy
The district economy is depending mainly on agriculture, most of which is at subsistence level. Ap-
proximately 90% of the population is engaged in agricultural activities. Agricultural production in the
district is mostly rain fed. Main cash crops are cotton and tobacco, while the main food crops are
maize, sorghum, paddy, sweet potatoes, millet and cassava. Modern diary farming and poultry are
also taking place in the district.
Apart from agriculture, livestock, keeping; mining, and industrial activities play an important role in the
district economy. Indeed, the propose power line will add 400 kV of power to the existing capacity and
boost the supply of energy to the expanding mining industry. Other industrial activities that may also
benefit from the power supply include cotton ginning, cottonseed oil extraction, milling and small-scale
industries.
Water supply
Currently, Shinyanga Municipality receives water from four sources, namely Ning'hwa dam and
Nhumbu dam near Mwadui, some boreholes near Kizumbi, and various shallow wells. It is estimated
that only 56% of its population has access to clean and safe water. The demand of water, which was
estimated to be 14,689m 3 per day, is expected to reach 17,000 m3 per day by the year 2010. Most of
the pressure is from mining activities that demand more water. The proposed project will only com-
pound the already strained water supply system by increasing demand, especially during construction.
Energy supply
Energy source utilized for both industrial and domestic activities are hydro-and thermal electricity, fire-
wood, diesel, petrol and kerosene. The dominant source of energy for domestic cooking is fuel wood.
In urban areas fuel wood normally takes the form of charcoal, while in rural areas firewood is pre-
ferred. Even where electricity is available to households, only a few people can afford it. Hence, the to-
tal consumption of electricity in the municipality in 2005 was only 3,716 MWh per month.
Health services
High infant and maternal mortality characterize the health situation in Shinyanga Municipality. The
high rates of water borne diseases as well as severe malnutrition are also experienced in some parts
of the municipality. Inadequate health facilities, poor equipment, inadequate hospital supplies and de-
livery services have compounded the health problems in the municipality. Some of the common dis-
eases in the district include malaria, anaemia and pneumonia.
For instance, there were 23,327 cases of malaria in 2005, followed by 368 cases of anaemia and 148
cases of pneumonia. HIV/Aids is also a problem in municipality. The number of cases is increasing
much more and faster than in other districts. Increased human interaction, relatively more money in
circulation from mining, livestock sector and farming as well as poverty are factors that prompt this in-
crease in HIV/Aids cases. The proposed development will increase labour force and money economy
and thereby creating additional conducive environment for the spread of communicable diseases.
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Education services
The municipality has 46 public and 6 pre-primary schools with 4,078 pupils and 33 public and 4 private
primary schools with 30,396 pupils. In addition, there were 18 public and 4 secondary schools with
10,139 students in 2006. Education service is facing problems such as shortage of primary schools,
poor enrolment rates, shortage of teachers and equipments.
5.7 Socioeconomic Characteristics of the Affected Population
This section presents a brief description and analysis of the basic socio-economic characteristics of
the affected population, based on the results of the household surveys conducted in all 93 villages
along the wayleave which will be more or less affected by the Project. It should be noted that most ru-
ral areas in the country have basically similar socio-economic characteristics.
5.7.1 Demographic Characteristics
The average household size in most villages along the RoW varies between 4.0 and 6.3 household
members in the districts affected by the project. Kishapu District has the highest average household
size (6.3 members). About 87% of the heads of household in the affected villages are male. House-
hold with female heads are mostly widows or divorced, a factor also observed in villages that are in
urban areas.
In most of the villages, families tend to stay together and share most of their resources, including
meals. In Kishapu, for example, families sharing a compound would include parents, their married
children, as well as their grandchildren. This family tends to share meals, farms and other basic needs.
5.7.2 Migration Patterns
With the exception of communities living in urban areas such as those in Dodoma Urban (Mkonze and
Michese villages) as well as Mtera village in Mpwapwa District, most of the affected populations were
born in their residential villages or districts (Figure 5-2). Mtera village in Mpwapwa District had the
highest rate of migrants (about 31%) due to fishing activities carried out at Mtera dam, as well as em-
ployment at the Mtera hydropower station. The proposed power transmission line project may influ-
ence further migration to the villages along the wayleave in search of employment.
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Figure 5-2: Percentage of Population per District Cluster Born Outside of Villages
Source: Field Survey, 2008
5.7.3 Educational Levels
Almost 29% of the surveyed heads of households of all 13 districts have not attained any level of edu-
cation. The rate of illiteracy was relatively high in Kishapu District (44%) and Mpwapwa District (39%).
Most heads of household have attained basic primary education (35%), and only 2.7% secondary
education. Less than 1% of the affected population has college or vocational education. This educa-
tion level, however, is concentrated in urban areas, but practically not existing in rural areas. With the
current emphasis of the Government to ensure that Tanzanian children attend schools, the rate of
school enrolments has increased in most parts of the country.
For instance, within the project area the rate of children at school age who are going to school is about
87%. 24% of them are attending secondary education. In all 13 districts affected by the project there
are only three vocational training centres of which two are located in Iringa Municipal. However, there
are also several universities in Iringa and Dodoma while such facilities are lacking in Shinyanga and
Singida. Table 5-1 below shows the educational status of household heads living in the proposed
power transmission line corridor.
Table 5-1: Educational Status of the Heads of Households in the Line Corridor
Level of Education Percentage
None 28.8
Primary school 35.0
Secondary 2.7
College 0.4
Technical/vocational 0.3
Attending primary school 24.7
Primary school Dropout 2.6
Drop-out secondary 0.5
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Level of Education Percentage
Attending secondary school 4.7
University 0.1
Adult Education 0.2
Source: Field Survey, 2008
5.7.4 Water Supply
Various sources of water are available in the villages and urban areas along the way leave. These
sources and supply systems include traditional wells, communal wells with pumps, rivers, dams,
streams, water taps from municipal and council water supply systems, and water harvesting tech-
niques. Water taps account for about 20% and of total supply systems. Severe drought affect most of
the villagers in terms if availability of water, forcing people to travel over 10 km in search of this ser-
vices. For example, Mwamakona village in Igunga District is very much affected during the dry season.
Some of the villages have more than one source of water. For example, Mkwese village in Manyoni
District and Mkonze in Dodoma Urban while others still rely on neighbouring villages for the services.
Kizonzo village in Iramba District for instance has to obtain water from Nselembwe village. In addition,
although water is available in some areas, its quality is very poor due to lack of treatment.
5.7.5 Health Services and Other Support Infrastructure
Other social services found in the project area include health facilities; 39 villages out of the 93 af-
fected villages do have health centres, critical cases are referred to the responsible district hospital.
Districts such as Chamwino, Bahi and Kishapu currently do not have district hospitals and therefore,
the residents in these districts use hospitals in nearby districts. Common diseases in the areas include
Malaria, URTI and other water borne diseases. HIV/Aids is also a major challenge and an issue to be
seriously considered in the proposed project. Other social infrastructures available in the project area
include police stations, courts, post offices, telecommunication facilities, banks, internet services, mar-
kets and shops, but mainly in urban or semi-urban areas (Annex 3.5).
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Figure 5-3: Tumuli Secondary School in Iramba District (within the wayleave)
5.7.6 Transport
Currently most of the affected villages are easily accessible from their relevant district headquarters. In
addition, most of the villages are located along the main roads of Iringa-Dodoma-Singida-Shinyanga.
Since the transmission line will follow the main road (except in some few areas where it diverts several
metres away), most of the villages will also be accessed and therefore the workers camp will have bet-
ter access to sources of supplies. Kishapu is probably the only district town that is not located along
the main road making its accessibility very difficult during rain season.
Other districts such as Manyoni, Singida Municipality, Singida Rural and Shinyanga Municipality, are
also accessible by rail that links the central part of Tanzania with the rest of the country. Airports and
airstrips are also located in some districts within the project area. For example, the Manyoni airstrip is
at Mitoo village and the Iringa airport is at Nduli village. Officials from Manyoni District expressed con-
cern that the proposed project is likely to affect the Manyoni airstrip in terms of impairing its scenic
view. Access roads that have been developed by TANESCO for maintaining the existing transmission
line have become important roads for transportation from and to the villages of Mitoo, Isalanda and
Choda.
5.7.7 Energy Use
Out of the 93 villages likely to be affected by the proposed project, only 16 are connected to the Na-
tional Grid of TANESCO. Most of these areas are in the urban centres such as Singida, Manyoni, Do-
doma and Iringa. Other villages use generators or solar panels to obtain electricity. However, most vil-
lagers use kerosene (about 88%) as the major source of lighting. Firewood is used for cooking in both
urban and rural areas. Some households, mainly those in urban areas, also use charcoal as a cooking
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
fuel.
5.7.8 Land Tenure and Use
About 96% of the interviewed household heads own one or more pieces of land. Land is mainly used
for settlement, agriculture and grazing. Land owned by household heads was inherited, bought or ob-
tained from the village government. There is a significant difference of size of land owned by house-
hold heads from one area to another, with areas having total land size of up to 100 acres. For in-
stance, in Kishapu and Igunga District land is mainly used for cotton cultivation and grazing. House-
holds in urban areas or villages that are located adjacent to urban areas such as Ibada Kuli in Shin-
yanga Municipality, Nala in Dodoma Municipality and Puma in Singida Rural have relatively small farm
sizes.
In most of the affected villages, land is still available and could be allocated to households that willbe
impacted by the project. For instance, in Bahi village where the project is likely to affect about 85
houses, the village government and the district council noted that it will be possible to allocate alterna-
tive land to the affected households. However, a large population of the surveyed households reported
that it might be difficult to obtain land close to where they are currently located.
5.7.9 Housing Conditions
Most of the houses along the wayleave are of poor quality. Most such houses have been constructed
using mud and thatches. The type of houses found in the rural areas of Mpwapwa and Bahi Districts
are of similar design i.e. very short and small tembe, mostly built with mud and covered with mud on
top. These houses are having one to two rooms. In Iringa Region, most of the houses are of improved
design, i.e. built of a combination of traditional and modern construction materials such as corrugated
iron sheets for roofing, burnt bricks and/or cement blocks.
Villages that are close to missionary centres, such as Chibumagwa and Chikuyu in Manyoni, and
Misigiri village in Iringa Rural have improved houses. Villages that are located along the main Dodoma
-Singida road, or on small towns such as Iguguno, Nselembwe-Shelui and Misigiri village have mixed
materials in their houses combining, modern building materials (cement and corrugated iron sheets) or
improved (i.e. a combination of modern materials and traditional once). Social services and infrastruc-
ture along the way leave that are likely to be affected are also built with very modern and strong struc-
tures.
Most of the houses in the rural areas comprise more than one structure, which include the main house
(normally with three rooms), a kitchen, store, toilet and other small huts used by household members.
It should be noted that most of the structures will not be located directly under the wayleave, but the
project may affect them by changing the structure of the dwelling and hence the internal social system
at family level. For instance, in Igunga District, toilets used by household were found located 50 me-
ters away from the main structure and possibly located within the way leave. A detailed resettlement
assessment should reveal the more pertinent features of the housing condition in order to determine
appropriate compensation packages for the project affected persons.
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Figure 5-4: Common Types of Houses Found Along the Proposed Line Kizonzo Village
5.7.10 Economy
The major economic activities in the affected districts are farming and livestock keeping. Other activi-
ties include fishing, beekeeping, small-scale mining and small businesses. Both food and cash crops
are grown at different scales. There is very little variation in the type of crops grown in most parts of
the project area. With exceptions of cotton that is mostly grown in Igunga and Kishapu as the main
cash crops, other districts of Singida, Dodoma and Iringa region grow sunflower and maize as their
main cash crop. Food crops include maize, sorghum, millets, paddy, beans, cassava and sweet pota-
toes. Other cash crops grown in the project area include groundnuts, finger millet, yellow peas, cori-
ander, onions and simsim.
Small-scale farming constitutes 40% of the economic activities, pasturage 20%, agro-pasturage 30%
and mixed farming 10%. Very few of the heads of surveyed households (< 10%) reported having a
wage-paying job. As well, neither the spouses of the heads of the surveyed households nor other
members of the surveyed households reported having wage paying jobs. Incomes per farm household
also differ markedly between districts with Kishapu getting the highest from amongst the districts in the
wayleave (Table 5-2).
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Table 5-2: Average Annual Household Income by District
Districts Indicative Average Annual Income per House-
hold (TSh)
Iringa Urban 930,444
Iringa Rural 1,115,340
Mpwapwa 879,090
Chamwino 942,174
Dodoma Urban 768,863
Bahi 704,188
Manyoni 569,056
Singida Rural 1,035,000
Singida Urban 1,444,400
Iramba 978,032
Igunga 1,198,372
Kishapu 1,144,861
Shinyanga Urban 1,176,721
Average 947,429
Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey, 2008
Most of the villagers are small-scale producers. For example, about 70% of them reported producing
less than 10 bags of maize during the previous season. Only 8% reported they produced about 20
bags of maize during the previous season.
Besides farming, most of the households along the wayleave keep livestock. The most common live-
stock in the project area are cattle, goats, sheep, and chickens. Almost 50% of the surveyed house-
holds reported not having any cattle, 20% reported owning less than five, and the remaining 30% re-
ported having more than 5. However, about 40% of the surveyed households reported not having
chickens, whereas about 25% reported owning more than 10. More than 30% of the surveyed house-
holds reported having sold some livestock in the previous year.
Figure 5-5 (Table 5-2) illustrates the average annual income of those households who have given
statements on their income. Households in Singida Municipality appeared to have the highest incomes
followed by Igunga District, Shinyanga and Kishapu Districts.
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Figure 5-5: Average Annual Income of Households with Income Statements
Average Annual Income of Households with Income Statements (TSh)
0
300.000
600.000
900.000
1.200.000
1.500.000
1.800.000
District Household Clusters
Avera
ge A
nn
ual
Inco
me (
TS
h)
Source: Field Survey, 2008.
5.7.11 Willingness to Relocate
As expected, a large majority (72%) of the surveyed households declared a preference for being relo-
cated to a site close to their current homesteads. The remaining 28% of the surveyed households in-
dicated that they were willing to resettle even outside their villages provided they were paid fair com-
pensations in time to allow them to establish new homes elsewhere.
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6. Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework
The proposed construction of the 400 kV power transmission line from Iringa-Dodoma-Singida-
Shinyanga may induce changes in other sectors and the livelihoods of the people along the RoW in
the villages and the districts that the power line will pass through. Constructing the facilities for the
proposed development will support several national policies and laws that promote economic devel-
opment, community participation, mining development, energy development, transportation and im-
provement of social services. The implementation of the project complies with a number of national
policies, laws, regulations, guidelines and standards. Several of the laws and policies that the pro-
posed development comply with have are discussed in this Chapter of the Resettlement Policy-
Framework.
6.1 National Policies
6.1.1 National Environment Policy (NEP) (1997)
The National Environment Policy (NEP) (URT, 1997) is the main policy framework governing environ-
mental management in Tanzania. The NEP underscores national, natural and social issues arising
from environmental issues, and promotes key principles of sustainable development. The NEP has
also proposed the framework environmental legislation for coordinating, managing and regulating the
various environmental activities in different sectors. In addition, the NEP defines strategic plans for
environmental management at various levels and provides an approach for mainstreaming environ-
mental issues for decision-making.
The policy identifies six key environmental management and protection challenges Tanzania is facing:
• Land degradation;
• Lack of access to good quality water;
• Environmental pollution;
• Loss of wildlife habitat and biodiversity;
• Deterioration and aquatic ecosystems; and
• Deforestation.
Some of the identified environmental challenges are relevant and critical because the proposed devel-
opment may contribute to them directly or cumulatively. The NEP promotes environmental assess-
ment, use of economic instruments, regulatory tools and precautionary principles on managing the en-
vironmental problems. The ESIA which this RPF complements is responding to the NEP requirements
to ensure environmental concerns are mainstreamed in decision-making process at the earliest possi-
ble time and mitigation measures are provided.
6.1.2 National Forest Policy, 1998
The overall goal of the National Forest Policy (URT, 1998) is to enhance the contribution of the forest
sector to sustainable development of Tanzania and the conservation and management of her natural
resources. The main objectives of the Forest Policy includes "sustainable supply of forest products
and services by maintaining sufficient forest area under effective management; increased employment
and foreign exchange earnings, ecosystem sustainability through forest conservation and enhanced
national capacity to manage forest sector" (URT, 1998:14).
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
The National Forest Policy recognizes that investment in forest areas may cause adverse environ-
mental impacts. The policy recommends environmental impact assessment as mandatory requirement
in order to ensure damage to the environment is avoided and possible mitigation measures are pro-
vided.
Forests and thickets characterize the vegetation of various villages and districts along the wayleave of
the proposed power transmission line. The proposed transmission line will traverse the Nyang'oro
Forest Reserve, the Sekenke-Tulya Forest Reserve, and Choda Forest Reserve. These forest re-
serves consist of plant species that the IUCN lists as threatened species. Similarly, these forest re-
serves are home to a variety of large and small mammals, reptiles, amphibians and other wildlife re-
sources. The construction of the power line through these forests will have little to moderate impacts
and some of the threatened species will be affected.
Harvesting of forest products is an important economic activity for some residents along the wayleave.
Products such as fuel wood, charcoal, building poles, timber, honey and beeswax are obtained from
the forest and woodlands along the way leave. Already some of the areas are cleared because of fuel
wood collection, charcoal production and cutting of building materials, as well as clearing for the
wayleave of the existing 220 kV power line. The ESIA that this RPF complements addresses the impli-
cation of the power transmission line, especially on biodiversity and loss of forest resulting from clear-
ing the wayleave for construction of the proposed 400 kV power line.
6.1.3 The Mineral Policy of Tanzania, 1997
The Mineral Policy of Tanzania (URT, 1997) provides policy guidance in the development of the min-
ing sector in Tanzania by outlining the main objectives of the policy and the strategies of implementing
the objectives. The Policy recognizes that Tanzania has a rich and diverse mineral resources base
with high economic potential. However, the country has yet to realize a benefiting contribution from the
vast mineral endowment" (URT 1997:1), the Policy enumerates the following challenges that it seeks
to address:
• To raise significantly the contribution of the mineral sector in the national economy and increase
Gross Domestic Product (GDP);
• To increase the country's foreign exchange earnings;
• To increase government revenues;
• To create gainful and secure employment in the mineral sector and provide alternative source of
income to the rural population; and
• To ensure environmental protection and management (URT, 1997: 2008).
• Several objectives are stated in the Policy.
The proposed transmission line may have no direct implication on mining activities although it may fos-
ter the mining sector by securing future power supply. However, there are proposed uranium mining
activities around Bahi and Manyoni Districts which may be closer to the proposed power line align-
ment. Other mining activities that may be affected by this development or otherwise include the mining
of construction materials which the ESIA that this RPF complements has taken into consideration.
6.1.4 National Land Policy, 1997
The main objective of the National Land Policy (URT, 1997) is to address the various and ever-
changing land use needs. The Policy aims to promote and ensure a secure land tenure system, to en-
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400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
courage the optimal use of land resources and to facilitate broad-based social and economic devel-
opment without endangering the ecological balance of the environment (ibid: 5). Specific objectives
are outlined in the Land Policy; however, the following are directly related to the proposed develop-
ment:
• Ensure that existing rights in land especially customary rights of small holders (i.e. peasants and
herdsmen who are the majority of the population in the country) are recognized, clarified, and se-
cured in law;
• Set ceilings on land ownership which will later be translated into statutory ceilings to prevent or
avoid the phenomenon of land concentration (i.e. land being held by few individuals);
• Ensure that land is put to its most productive use to promote rapid social and economic develop-
ment of the country;
• Protect land resources from degradation for sustainable development.
The proposed development may lead to the following:
• More land being taken up for the right of way by TANESCO to build the towers and the transmis-
sion line.
• More people along the right of way will loose land for farming, grazing, settlement and cultural func-
tions (e.g. burials or sacrificial functions).
Consequently, there will be competition for prime land as more people are relocated from their existing
lands to give way for the development. This will compound land tenure and land use matters in the vil-
lages along the right of way and increase cost of land in the same areas. RPF addresses the implica-
tion of the changes on the land use and tenure with respect to the proposed development. Issues such
as resettlement and displacement of the local communities, impact on their livelihoods and future land
uses have been addressed within the context of the proposed power transmission line project.
6.1.5 Water Policy, 2002
The main objective of the National Water Policy of 2002 is to develop a comprehensive framework for
sustainable development and management of the Nation's water resources and putting in place an ef-
fective legal and institutional framework for its implementation (URT, 2002). The policy aims at ensur-
ing that beneficiaries participate fully in all stages of water resource developments.
The Policy recognizes the fundamental but intricate linkages between water and socio-economic de-
velopment, including environmental requirements. The Policy expounds on the importance of water for
domestic use, agriculture, livestock keeping, mining, energy, fisheries, environment, human health,
wildlife and tourism, forestry, navigation and trans-boundary requirements.
In view of this, the Policy calls for an Integrated Water Resource Management in Tanzania so that
"there is equitable and sustainable use and management of water resources for socio-economic de-
velopment, and for maintenance of the environment" (URT, 2002). Several policy measures proposed
to ensure sustainable utilization of the water resources. Some of these measures include economic
and legal instruments. The proposed development will require a lot of water for lodges, industrial and
domestic use.
Water supply is a critical problem in villages along the right of way and some of the wells, boreholes,
dams and water tanks are located within or too close to proposed power line alignment. A full RAP
also addresses water supply and availability issues and proposes changes where water sources or
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distribution points are in danger of being negatively affected by the proposed development.
6.1.6 National Energy Policy, 2003
The National Energy Policy of Tanzania (URT, 2003) takes into account the structural changes in the
economy and political system at national and international levels. The economic liberalization has had
major implications on energy development and consumption. Increased private investment in mining,
tourism, manufacturing, finance and communication has increased demand for reliable and cost effec-
tive energy. Human population and urbanization have also increased pressure on energy.
The main objective of the Energy Policy is to improve the welfare and living standards of Tanzanians.
The Policy aims to provide input in the development process of the country by establishing a reliable
and efficient energy production, procurement, transportation, distribution and end-use system in an
environmentally sound manner and with due regard to gender issues.
The strategic focus of the Policy in meeting the main objective is to undertake the following activities:
• Develop domestic energy resources, which are least cost options.
• Promote economic energy pricing.
• Improve energy reliability and securing and enhance energy efficiency
• Encourage commercialization and private sector participation
• Reduce forest depletion
• Develop human capacity.
Even with the Energy Policy in place since 2003, Tanzania is still facing major problems regarding en-
ergy. Only about 10% of the 35 million people in Tanzania are connected to the national grid, and in
rural areas, this is about 1% of the population. Over 90% of the energy consumed is from fuel wood
and charcoal, thus putting more pressure on forest resources. Power cuts in urban areas are also so
frequent even when there has been sufficient rain to fill the dams. Power transmission lines and in-
adequate capacities are associated with these problems. The proposed construction of the power
transmission line is intended to add 400 kV on the National Grid to alleviate the problem of inadequate
powers supply.
6.1.7 Wildlife Policy of Tanzania, 2007
The Wildlife Policy of Tanzania promotes the conservation of wildlife as natural resources of great bio-
logical, economical, environmental cleaning, climate ameliorating, water and soil conservation, and
nutritional values (URT, 2007). The long-term goal of the policy is to maintain great biological diversity,
which contributes to healthy environment an increased contribution to the national economy. The pol-
icy recognizes the implication of human and development activities on wildlife resources inside and
outside protected areas, and calls for environmental assessments for proposed development in order
to minimize negative impacts.
The proposed construction of the power transmission line passes through the forest and habitats that
may be home to different species (small or large). In Singida, the proposed line is passing through ar-
eas that have wildlife; large or small wildlife species that may be affected by changes of their habitat.
The ESIA that this RPF complements notes the implication of clearing the vegetation for power trans-
mission line construction and proposed mitigation options.
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6.1.8 National Human Settlements Development Policy, 2000
The overall objective of the National Human Settlements Development Policy (NHSDP) is to promote
the development of sustainable human settlement and to facilitate the provision of adequate and af-
fordable shelter to all people, including the poor. The policy outlines a number of objectives including
environmental protection within human settlements and protection of natural ecosystems against pol-
lution, degradation and destruction.
The NHSDP recognizes planning and management of human settlement areas as one of the broad
human settlement issues. Within this regard, the NHSDP identifies environmental protection as one of
the strategic issues in human settlement planning and development. NHSDP also addresses the fol-
lowing issues:
• lack of solid and liquid waste management, leading to environmental deterioration;
• Emission of noxious gases from vehicles and industrial activities as a major cause of air pollution in
urban areas;
• Encroachment into fragile and hazardous lands (river valleys, steep slopes and marshlands) lead-
ing to land degradation, pollution of water sources, etc;
• increasing dependence on firewood and charcoal as a main source of energy in human settlements
leading to depletion of forest, environmental deterioration and air pollution; and
• Unauthorized sand mining in river valleys leading to environmental degradation.
A full RAP notes the implication of resettling of people in the Project areas for line construction and the
proposed mitigation options.
6.1.9 The Tanzania Development Vision, 2000
Composite Development Goal for the Tanzania Development Vision 2025 (URT, 2000) foresees the
alleviation of poverty through improved socio-economic opportunities, good governance, transparency
and improved public sector performance. These objectives, not only deal with economic issues, but
also include social challenges such as education, health, the environment and increasing involvement
of the people in working for their own development. The thrust of these objectives is to attain a sus-
tainable development of the people.
The Vision 2025 seeks to mobilize the people, the private sector and public resources towards achiev-
ing shared goals and achieve sustainable semi-industrialized middle market economy by year 2025.
The construction of the of 400 kV power transmission line from Iringa to Shinyanga is aimed at in-
creasing power supply to enable development to take place. Power is needed for industrial develop-
ment and improvement of livelihoods.
6.1.10 The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP)
The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) or Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi
na Kuondoa Umasikini Tanzania (MKUKUTA) is focusing on promoting economic growth and reducing
poverty in Tanzania. The NSGRP is a five years programme from 2005/06 to 2009/10, which ad-
dresses the Tanzania Development Vision 2025 for high and shared growth, high quality livelihoods,
peace, stability and unity, good governance, high quality education and international competitiveness.
In addition, NSGRP is contributing to implementation of the Millennium Development Goals (MGDs).
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The main objective of the NSGRP is to stimulate economic growth and reduce poverty, improve quality
of life and social well-being and improve good governance and accountability. The strategy recognizes
the close linkages between economic growth, good governance, and improved quality of life and so-
cial well-being, and poverty reduction. The strategy has three main clusters that include:
(i) Growth and Reduction of Income Poverty
(ii) Improvement of Quality of Life and Social Well-being and
(iii) Governance and Accountability.
Among the various factors that have been identified to stimulate growth is the improvement of energy
generation in order to stimulate economic growth.
6.1.11 The Agriculture and Livestock Policy, 1997
The Agriculture and Livestock Policy of 1997 addresses changes that affect the agricultural sector in
Tanzania and specifically address restrictions to agricultural practices stemming from the national land
use Policy of 1995. The Agriculture and Livestock policy, 1997 also addresses the needs of women in
agriculture and the needs for agricultural practices to evolve to ensure protection of the environment.
The Policy promotes good husbandry and increased agriculture production. Some of the areas in the
proposed right of way are utilized for crop production and changes in land use may reduce crop pro-
duction and possibly impact on food security. A full RAP addresses the issue of land use changes and
its implication on agriculture, especially where TANESCO will acquire land that is also used in agricul-
tural production.
In principle, the land TANESCO puts under the wayleave for power transmission becomes wholly
owned and managed by TANESCO exclusively for energy uses. No farming, settlement or any other
use is permitted on such land. However, in practice cultivation of seasonal crops below the power line
is common and TANESCO has not taken a firm stand against such practices. Therefore, the net effect
of power lines in agricultural production can be assumed to be minimal if farming will be left to con-
tinue under the lines.
6.2 The World Bank Safeguard Policies
Several international financial institutions are taking proactive measures to ensure that the credit they
give to countries or private sectors is not negatively impacting the environment. Beside the Bank's OP
4.01, the proposed project may trigger OP 4.12 on Resettlement Policy. The main focus of this opera-
tional guideline is to seek to avoid project affected people experiencing negative effects associated
with the project such as loss of security, loss of land or assets on land, or being put into a detrimental
life situation due to a Bank supported development project. Involuntary resettlement may cause se-
vere long-term hardship, impoverishment, and environmental damage unless appropriate measures
are carefully planned and carried out. For these reasons, the overall objectives of the Bank's policy on
involuntary resettlement are the following:
• Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alter-
native project designs;
• Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and exe-
cuted as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable
the persons relocated by the project to share in project benefits. Relocated persons should be
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meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing
resettlement programs;
• Relocated persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of
living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing
prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher.
As far as the proposed 400 kV transmission line is concerned, some 850 houses and social infrastruc-
tures will still be affected after realignment and consideration of several rerouting alternatives. How-
ever, no major resettlement issues are envisaged because sufficient alternative land can be obtained
within the respective villages to allow PAP and institutions to rebuild the facilities or obtain land for
farming and continue with their livelihood activities.
6.3 Legal Framework
This section addresses the legal and regulatory framework, which is relevant to the proposed devel-
opment of the 400 kV power transmission line from Iringa-Dodoma-Singida-Shinyanga. The legal and
regulatory framework provides the various legal aspects that must be adhered to as the project is be-
ing designed, implemented and later when it is decommissioned.
6.3.1 Environmental Management Act No. 20 of 2004 -Cap 191
Environmental Management Act (EMA) Cap.191 (URT, 2004) provides a range of measures for sus-
tainable management of the environment, prevention and control of pollution, waste management, and
directs mechanisms for compliance.
Section 7 (2) states that "the Act provides a legal framework necessary for coordinating harmonious
and conflicting activities with a view to integrating such activities into an overall sustainable environ-
mental management system by providing key technical support to sector Ministries"
The Act is a cross-sectoral law that takes precedence above all other laws, except the Constitution,
with respect to environmental management (Section 232). The Act emphasizes the need for Tanzani-
ans to leave in a clean, safe and health environment and to access various areas for recreational,
educational, health, spiritual, cultural and economic purposes (Article 4 (1) and (2)). Hence it directs
developers to undertake Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) at their own cost prior to com-
mencement of any major project. The types of projects requiring EIA are listed in the Third Schedule
of the Act. EMA prohibits any major development to be initiated without an EIA Certificate from the
Minister responsible for Environment.
The responsibilities to ensure the requirement of the Act with regard to EIA are vested with the Na-
tional Environment Management Council (NEMC). An EIA report is submitted to NEMC who will re-
views it and provides recommendations to the Minister responsible for Environment in the Vice Presi-
dent's Office to issue a Certificate. A report is not submitted to the Minister for approval if it does not
qualify. The NEMC is also required to make a site visit during the review process for inspection and
verification of the project at the proponent's cost.
6.3.2 The Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations, 2005
The Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations No.349 of 2005 were made pursuant to
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Section 82 (1) and 230 (h) and (q) of the Environmental Management Act Cap 191 of 2004. In addi-
tion, the regulations provide the procedures and requirements for undertaking Environmental Impact
Assessments and Environmental Audits for various types of development projects with significant envi-
ronmental impacts. The Regulations provide a list of projects that qualify for Environmental Assess-
ment and Audit procedures in Tanzania. Regulation 46(1) classifies projects into two types:
(i) Type A -Projects requiring a mandatory Environmental Impact Assessment; and.
(ii) Type B -Projects requiring a Preliminary Environmental Assessment.
The proposed development of a 400 kV power transmission line falls under category A projects that
require mandatory EIA. The steps that must be taken to conduct an EIA are provided in the Fourth
Schedule whilst Regulation 16 directs that the EIA study in addition to environmental impacts, also
must address social, cultural and economic impacts. Regulation 17 stipulates the need for public par-
ticipation during the EIA process and Part V, Regulations 18 (1), (2) and (3) directs the content and
format of the Environmental Impact Statement. The ESIA which this RPF complements responds to
the legal requirements of these Regulations.
6.3.3 Forest Act, 2002
The Forest Act (No. 14), 2002, provides for the management of forests in order to enhance the contri-
bution of the forest sector to the development of Tanzania and the conservation and management of
natural resources. In addition, the legislation fosters ecosystem stability through conservation of the
forest biodiversity, water catchments and soil fertility.
Section 18, of the Act is relevant to the proposed development as it requires developers to prepare
and submit to Director of Forestry, an EIA report. The law states that any proposed development in a
forest reserve, private forest or sensitive forest area including watersheds, whether that development
is proposed by, or is to be implemented by a person or organization in the public or private sector, the
proponent of the development shall prepare and submit to the Director an EIA of the proposed devel-
opment.
Section 49 of the Act outlines various permits that are required when certain activities are undertaken.
These activities include:
• For activities carried out in national and local authority forest reserves
• Felling or extraction of timber (for domestic use; export; mining purposes, or for prospecting and for
exploitation of mineral resources)
• Gathering and picking parts or extracts of any protected plant for the purposes of research or the
production manufacture of any medicine or product.
• Erection of buildings or other structures.
• Construction of roads, bridges, paths, waterways or runways;
• Sow, plant or cultivate trees, crops or other vegetative matter;
• Enter to hunt or fish.
Relevant provisions of this Act have been addressed during the ESIA for the proposed construction of
power transmission line. TANESCO must obtain the relevant permits from the Director of Forest and
Beekeeping Department before undertaking any activities in the Forest Reserves found along the
wayleave.
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6.3.4 Wildlife Conservation Act, 1974
The Wildlife Conservation Act No. 12 of 1974 (URT, 1974) provides for the protection, conservation,
development, regulation, control of fauna and fauna-products and for matters incidental thereto, and
connected therewith. The Act restricts entry into a protected area without proper permission, restricts
carrying of fire arms; bow and arrow; prohibits wilfully or negligently cause of bush fire, felling of trees,
hunting, digging, laying, or constructing any pitfall, net, trap, snare or other device whatsoever, capa-
ble of killing, capturing or wounding any animal.
The stretch along the right of way from Iringa -Dodoma -Singida -Shinyanga does not have wildlife-
protected areas or any concentration of wildlife in a single area. However, various animals including
lions, small mammals and birds have been observed along the right of way and some of these are
resident or they frequent particular areas. The proposed development of a power transmission line will
result in clearing some of the land with subsequent loss of the habitat for the animals and may cause
changes in the composition of wildlife in those areas. The ESIA that this RPF document complements
provides recommendations in areas where wildlife resources are likely to be negatively affected.
6.3.5 The Land Act, 1999
The Land Act of 1999 (Act No. 4 of 1999) provides for the basic law in relation to land other than the
village or reserved lands, the management of land, settlement of disputes and related matters. Since
some of the areas where the right of way may pass fall under public lands, this Act is relevant to the
proposed development. The Act lays down fundamental principles for occupying and using the land.
Among them, is the principle that any land user shall ensure that land is used productively and that
any such use complies with the principles of sustainable development.
Tanzanian land falls under three categories, namely:
• Reserved Land is land set aside for wildlife, forests, marine parks, etc., and the ways these areas
are managed is explained in the laws that protect each sector (e.g. Wildlife Conservation Act, Na-
tional Parks Ordinance, Marine Parks and Reserves Act, etc.). Specific legal regimes govern these
lands under the laws used to establish them.
• Village Land includes all land inside the boundaries of registered villages, where the Village Coun-
cils and Village Assemblies are given power to manage. The Village Land Act gives the details of
how this is to be done. The Village Land Act is governing this land.
• General Land is land, which is neither reserved land nor village land and is therefore managed by
the Commissioner. The Land Act is governing this land.
The Land Act confirms National Land Policy directive that all land in Tanzania is public land vested in
the President as trustee on behalf of all citizens. The Land Act seeks to achieve the following objec-
tives:
• to ensure that existing rights in and recognized longstanding occupation or use of land are clarified
and secured by the law;
• to facilitate an equitable distribution of and access to land by all citizens;
• to regulate the amount of land that any one person or corporate body may occupy or use; and
• to ensure that land is used productively and that any such use complies with the principles of sus-
tainable development.
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Of importance for a full RAP is the application of the concept that land has value and that value is
taken into consideration in any land affecting transaction. The Land Act demands that any person or
institution whose right of occupancy or recognized long-standing occupation or customary use of land
is revoked or otherwise interfered with to their detriment by the state under this Act or is acquired un-
der the Land Acquisition Act; should be paid full, fair and prompt compensation. In assessing compen-
sation for land acquired in the manner provided for in this Act, compensation shall be based on the:
• Market value of the real property;
• Disturbance allowance;
• Transport allowance;
• Loss of profits or accommodation;
• Loss of capital expenditure incurred with respect to the development of the subject land;
• Interest at market rate; and
• Provision of an efficient, effective, economical and transparent system of land administration.
In addition, and in relation to the proposed power transmission line, the Land Act (Section 151) states
that the Minister "may create rights of way which shall be known as public “rights of way" (ROW) to
serve for the purpose of the proposed development. In addition, it defines that a "way leave" may be
any public right of way created for the benefit of the Government, a local authority, a public authority,
or any corporate body to enable all such organizations, authorities and bodies to carry out their func-
tions within the designated area.
Regarding the application for a wayleave as the proposed power transmission line, the Land Act es-
tablishes that:
• except where the Commissioner is proposing of his own motion to create a way leave, an applica-
tion from any ministry or department of Government, or local authority or public authority or corpo-
rate body shall be made to the Commissioner;
• an application shall be made on the prescribed form and shall be accompanied by any information
which may be prescribed or which the Commissioner may in writing require the applicant to supply
and the Commissioner shall not begin the process of creating a way leave until all information
which may be prescribed or required is submitted to him;
• the applicant shall serve a notice on:
- All persons occupying land under a right of occupancy over which the proposed way leave is to
be created, including persons occupying land in accordance with customary pastoral rights;
- All local government authorities in whose area of jurisdiction the proposed way leave to be cre-
ated is located;
- All persons in actual occupation of land in an urban and peri-urban area over which the pro-
posed way leave is to be created;
- Any other interested person.
• The Commissioner shall give publicity to the application along the route of the proposed way leave
clearly and in a comprehensible manner, and inform all persons using the land over which the pro-
posed wayleave is like to be created.
Section 156 of the Act requires compensation to be paid by non-governmental corporate bodies, insti-
tutions or groups of persons to any person for the use of land of which he/she is in lawful or actual oc-
cupation. These include:
• any damage suffered in respect of trees, crops, and buildings as result of the creation of a way
leave;
• damage due to surveying or determining the route of that way leave and
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• acquisition of land for the purpose of a way leave.
The body or organization that applies for the wayleave must pay compensation to affected persons
according to national and international standards. The proposed development will entail compensa-
tion, which may call for Tanzania and World Bank guidelines to be applied. The demands by this Act
are also acknowledged by the Land Use Planning Act 2007 and The Urban Planning Act 2007. They
have now been elaborated in Resettlement Policy Framework 2009. This RPF addresses at length the
requirements of this Act and that of the next six legislations.
6.3.6 Village Land Act No. 5 of 1999
The Village Land Act No. 5 of 1999 (URT, 1999) governs village land and all matters related to land
tenure under the Village Councils. Most of the land that will be involved in the power transmission line
may be on village land, except for new areas where the way leave may be in forest reserves or social
infrastructures belonging to specific institutions. Section 8 (1), (2) and (3) of the Village Land Act em-
powers the Village Council to manage all village lands in accordance with the principles of a trustee
with the villagers being the beneficiaries. In exercising these functions, the Village Council is required
to have regard to the following principles:
• sustainable development and the relationship between land use, other natural resources and the
environment in and contiguous to the village and village land;
• the need to consult with and take account of or comply with the decisions or orders of any public of-
ficer or public authority with jurisdiction over any matter in the area where the village is; and
• the need to consult with and take account of the views of other local authorities with jurisdiction
over the village.
Although the Village Land Act recognizes the role of the Village Councils in management of village
land, most of the land in the villages is under individuals through the customary land rights. The right
of the individuals to the land must be recognized and respected and development should not take
more than the land it needs for that particular development.
6.3.7 The Land Regulation, 2001
Among several aspects, the Land Regulations provides guidance on the issue of compensation, which
is relevant in the proposed development. According to Section 10 (1) of the Land (Compensation
Claims) Regulation 2001, compensation shall take the form of:
• Monetary compensation;
• Plot of land of comparable quality, extent and productive potential to the land lost;
• A building or buildings of comparable quality, extent and use comparable to the building or build-
ings lost;
• Plants and seedlings;
• Regular supplies of grain and other basic foodstuffs for a specified time.
The Regulation (Assessment of Value for Compensation) states "...the basis for assessment of the
value of any land shall be the market value of such land". The market value is arrived at by the use of
the comparative method substantiated by actual recent sales of similar properties, or by use of income
approach or replacement cost method, in case the property is of special nature and not saleable. The
assessment of the value of land and any improvements will be done by a Qualified Valuer and verified
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by the Chief Valuer of the Government or his/her representative.
In addition, the Regulation defines affected persons that are eligible for compensation/resettlement if
some of their properties are affected by a proposed development:
• Holder of right of occupancy;
• Holder of customary right of occupancy whose land has been declared a hazard land;
• Holder of customary and who is moved or relocated because his/her land becomes granted to
other person;
• Holder of land obtained as a consequence of disposition by a holder of granted or customary right
of occupancy but which is refused a right of occupancy;
• Urban or peri-urban land acquired by the President.
If the person does not agree with the amount or method of payment or is dissatisfied with the time
taken to pay compensation, he/she may apply to the High Court for redress. If proved justifiable, the
High Court shall determine the amount and method of payment, determine any additional costs for in-
conveniences incurred, and order the plaintiff to be paid accordingly.
6.3.8 The Land Disputes Courts Act No. 2 of 2002
Every dispute or complaint concerning land shall be instituted in the Court having jurisdiction to deter-
mine land dispute in the given area (Section 3). The Courts of jurisdiction include:
(i) The Village Land Council
(ii) The Ward Tribunal
(iii) District Land and Housing Tribunal
(iv) The High Court (Land Division)
(v) The Court of Appeal of Tanzania.
The Act gives the Village Land Councils powers to resolve land disputes involving village lands (Sec-
tion 7). If the Council fails to resolve the dispute, the matter can be referred to the Ward Tribunal as
established by the Land Act (1999) and the Village Land Act. If any dispute will arise because of this
project, the provision of this Act shall be observed.
6.3.9 The Local Government Act No. 9 of 1982
The Local Government Act of 1982 is an important legal framework for Village Councils and local gov-
ernment set up. The Act establishes and regulates District Councils, township authorities and village
authorities. An important provision is the sub division of districts into divisions and wards and the es-
tablishment of Ward Development Committees along with procedures for implementation of schemes
and programmes at the ward level. Councillors represent the wards and form the main component of
the district representative team. Ward authorities and Ward Development Committees are empowered
to participate in matters related to compensation, taking land from villagers and their decision is often
considered with the seriousness it deserves.
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6.3.10 Land Use and Spatial Planning
Important pieces of legislation, which address land use planning, and management are contained in
the following laws:
• The Town and Country Planning Ordinance of 1961, which regulates the use of land in urban ar-
eas, beaches and lakeshores. It was established to facilitate land use planning schemes. Accord-
ing to the Ordinance, development is not allowed without obtaining a planning consent. it also pro-
vides a specific land-use class for ecologically sensitive areas;
• The National Land Use Planning Commission as per the Land Use Planning Act 2007 is the institu-
tion entrusted to coordinate Land Use Planning in Mainland Tanzania. It covers preparation of re-
gional physical land use plans and formulation of land use policies for implementation by the Gov-
ernment. It specifies standards, norms and criteria for the protection of beneficial uses and mainte-
nance of the quality of land. The Act does not cover urban centres, beaches and lake shores.
These provisions are relevant to the proposed development especially in urban areas of Iringa, Do-
doma, Singida and Shinyanga where power lines and substations will be built. In Bahi, the District
Council has prepared an initial Town Master Plan for District Headquarters and some key infrastruc-
tures have already started to be built. TANESCO must take into account District Plans to provide for
new administrative locations and integrate this aspect in the planning for the power line to avoid dam-
age and conflict to the proposed town planning. Concerning the latest line routing proposal those in-
frastructures will not be affected.
However, in some urban areas, physical structures such as schools, play grounds, hospitals/health fa-
cilities and offices might be affected by the proposed development. TANESCO, this project's ESIA and
RPF documents have taken into account these issues and provided mitigation options (i.e. alterna-
tives) to address such problems.
6.3.11 The Land Acquisition Act of 1967
The Land Acquisition Act (Act No. 47 of 1967) repealed and replaced the Land Acquisition Ordinance,
to provide for compulsory acquisition of land for public purposes and in connection with housing
schemes. The Act is also relevant in cases that are not related to housing schemes. Part II of the Act
refers to issues related to compensation and procedures that have to be followed when land is ac-
quired.
These procedures are also outlined in the Regulation for the Land Act discussed above and include
issues of fair and prompt compensation to affected persons. The proposed development will acquire
land from the villagers for the purpose of development.
6.4 International Agreements and Conventions
TANESCO must comply with the international conventions and agreements that Tanzania has signed
or ratified and ensure the conservation of the environment as per the agreements of conventions. The
ESIA of this Project lists four such conventions and agreements that Tanzania has ratified. While most
of the issues will be limited to the right of way, clearing of vegetation and construction of towers and
power lines may have implications on the movement of animals and birds and may change the habitat
for those species. TANESCO must ensure the loss of habitat is minimized and confined within the core
impact areas only.
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6.5 Institutional Framework
The Environmental Management Act (2004) provides an institutional set-up for environmental man-
agement with details of responsibilities at national, village and mtaa level, which is the lowest adminis-
trative level. The institutional set-up involves the following main centres:
• National Environment Advisory Committee;
• Minister Responsible for Environment;
• Director of Environment (DOE);
• National Environmental Management Council (NEMC);
• Sector Ministries;
• Regional Secretariats; and
• Local Government Authorities [City, Municipality, District and Town Councils; Township; Hamlet
(Kitongoji); Ward; Street (Mtaa); and Village].
The Vice President's Office (VPO) is the main regulatory organ and responsible for coordinating envi-
ronmental management in Tanzania. Within the VPO, is the Division of Environment and National En-
vironmental Management Council which are responsible for policy development and enforcement.
Similarly, other sector ministries and agencies are equally involved in implementing environmental pol-
icy objectives. The Environmental Management Act, Cap. 191 outlines environmental management
processes in Tanzania.
The proposed development will touch several institutions and organizations. This RPF has integrated
many of their views and concerns in the report. Beside the Office of the Vice President (DOE and
NEMC), other sectors that are involved include Ministry of Energy and Minerals, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Tourism, Ministry for Lands, Housing and Human Settlements Development, and Min-
istry of Water and Irrigation. Others are the Prime Minister's Office, Regional Administration and Local
Government, particularly the regional and district administrations along the right of way from Iringa to
Shinyanga via Dodoma and Singida.
In addition, the Ministry of Infrastructure Development, the Ministry of Education and Vocational Train-
ing and the Ministry of Health are the institutions that will be affected by the proposed development
and have been involved. The various legal aspects relevant to this RPF are provided above to indicate
the institutional boundaries within which the project will be confined.
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7. Resettlement and Social Mitigation Measures
7.1 Eligibility
Property owners in Tanzania are eligible for compensation and resettlement measures. As discussed
in the foregoing chapter, eligibility for compensation is defined in the provisions of the Land Acts and
the Land Acquisition Act. According to these legislations, all owners of properties located within the
proposed wayleave of 90 respectively 130 m at the time of inspection and valuation will be eligible for
compensation.
Inspection and valuation of each property along the finally selected route will, however, be conducted
during the detailed design of the transmission line. In the valuation for compensation processes land
forms used are Land Form No. 69 and 70 and Valuation Form No. 1 for property recording.
Notices to claim compensation will be served to all owners of affected properties along the wayleave
using Land Form No.69. A "cut-off" date for eligibility for compensation and resettlement measures will
be determined by the date on which these notifications are served. The owners or occupiers of the
properties are expected to complete and submit Land Form No.70 and to agree upon a date for official
valuation of their properties.
7.2 Categories of Project Affected People
There are mainly four categories of affected people that have been identified. These include:
• owners of plots with houses and other buildings in the wayleave;
• owners of plots with non-residential buildings in the wayleave;
• owners of plots without buildings in the wayleave;
• institutions with land and/or buildings in the wayleave.
Owners of plots with houses and other buildings in the wayleave will be affected by:
• loss of land and houses in which they are living,
• loss of other buildings and structures,
• loss of productive crop land,
• loss of standing crops.
This category of affected people will also be physically relocated and are required to relocate, will suf-
fer from loss of food supply, income sources and livelihood.
Some land and/or buildings and other infrastructures in the wayleave belong to private or public insti-
tutions such as schools, dispensaries and mosques. This category of affected or relocated people will
be affected by:
• loss of land on which they are located,
• loss of buildings and structures,
• loss of cultural heritage and practice,
• loss of health and education facilities.
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Three additional categories of affected people can further be identified. They may or may not belong
to a household already included in any of the above mentioned categories or can be affected individu-
ally. These are people or families suffering inadvertent and temporary damage to their land and prop-
erty during construction due to unforeseen actions or simply by accidents such as damage to nearby
crops, fruit trees or infrastructures. Or these can be relatives with an interest in graves adversely af-
fected by the Project and that may need to be exhumed and reburied at alternative locations. In these
cases, rituals and ceremonies will often need to be conducted and proper compensation for them
should be considered as provided for by the law.
Finally, there is the case of vulnerable people, such as widows, single mothers, child-headed house-
holds, handicapped people, HIV/AIDS victims, and the elderly who when relocated often require spe-
cial assistance to cope with the relocations. This category of relocated people is explicitly identified in
the WB OP 4.12, and therefore, requires special or supplementary measures to be taken to attend to
their particular needs.
7.3 Resettlement and Compensation Entitlements
7.3.1 Determination of Entitlements
The basic principle governing compensation is that none of the PAP should be made worse off by the
project displacements. As discussed above, the possibility of compulsory acquisition of land is well
covered in Tanzanian legislation, and includes the right for those who own or occupy land that is being
acquired to receive fair compensation from those who occupy land for declared objectives.
During the detailed design phase, a registered valuation team (preferably a Government Valuer) will
conduct inspection of all the affected properties along the finally selected transmission line route. Dur-
ing this site inspection, the valuation team will check the claims from each affected households pre-
sented in their completed and submitted Land form No. 70. Compensation details for each identified
property will be provided in individual compensation schedules which will be signed by Ward Execu-
tive Officers, District Commissioners and Regional Commissioners of relevant areas. The Chief Gov-
ernment Valuer will approve the valuation report before being submitted to the Commissioner for
Lands in Dar es Salaam for wayleave application.
7.3.2 Compensation for the Loss of Residential and Productive Land
Relocated people will receive compensation for the loss of land. Due to the linear nature of the dis-
placement most of the relocated households will be able to relocate in close proximity of their original
land holdings. As observed elsewhere, land is readily available along most of the transmission line
route and relocation of affected houses should be possible close to their original sites.
At this stage of the project cycle, there is no evidence of cases where full physical displacement of
households will be required, i.e. cases where land is unavailable in close proximity of current location.
This fact needs to be confirmed during detailed design phase and only after the finally selected route
is surveyed and marked on the ground by the survey team.
It is important to note, however, that much of the land through which the proposed transmission line
corridor runs is un-surveyed and/or un-titled land. Most of this land is held under customary land ten-
ure; through paternal links and/or village government allocations. In a few cases women have use
rights to some of the land, owning crops and sometimes even buildings.
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As discussed above, relocated people are entitled to a "disturbance allowance" to alleviate social
problems or physical hardship experienced regardless to whether or not they have to relocate to a
new area or whether they remain on the unaffected portion of their land. The legislation states that the
disturbance allowance can be calculated by multiplying the assessed value of the affected land by the
average interest rate offered by commercial banks on twelve months fixed deposits.
7.3.3 Compensation for the Loss of Houses and Other Structures
Households whose houses and other structures are located within the wayleave are entitled to com-
pensation. From the preliminary consultative meetings conducted along the route, most of the affected
households favour to be compensated in cash. For most of them the compensation awarded will en-
able them to construct similar houses and structures on the unaffected part of their plots. It may also
be possible for some of them to construct new houses and buildings on replacement plots that they
may acquire themselves.
According to the Tanzanian legislation, market values should be applied when valuing the houses and
structures affected by the creation of the wayleave. However, alternative valuation methods are often
required, especially in rural areas where there is no active market for houses or buildings. In the ab-
sence of an active and competitive housing market, the use of "replacement cost methods" will be
used.
As mentioned above, households losing their residential premises are entitled to an "Accommodation
allowance" to cover the cost of renting another premise for up to 36 months, while they are purchasing
or building their new house. It may also be the case that the rental market is not active or almost non
existent in rural areas. Hence the estimation of the monthly renting rate may also need to be done us-
ing alternative methods.
In addition to the compensation and allowances mentioned above, the project may wish to consider
providing help in organizing and supervising the construction of replacement houses and buildings to
relocated persons such as vulnerable people requesting for assistance.
It is also important to note here that inheritance of property rights is a conspicuous feature in many
places in Tanzania. Unfortunately, more often than not, heirs to a deceased's property are not always
in agreement on communal rights. In cases of compensations like in the present Project, heirs tend to
opt for individual ownership rights. There are cases where sons of deceased property owners may
want larger shares than those provided for their sisters by the wishes of the deceased.
There will also be disputes relating to attempts to dispose a property by one of the heirs against the
wishes of others. Under such circumstances the name of the deceased property owner should appear
in the valuation report and the heirs be advised to follow the legal inheritance procedures while claim-
ing the compensation rights.
7.3.4 Compensation for the Loss of Standing Crops
Households with standing crops and trees in their farms and plots within the wayleave are also entitled
to compensation. Compensation is granted to those having annual and perennial crops, including fruit
trees.
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To assess the value of standing crops a market value approach is proposed in the legislation, in par-
ticular under Section 179 of the Land (Assessment of the Value of Land for Compensation) Regula-
tions, 2001. A list of indicative average prices and estimated values of standing crops at current rates
in the different districts along the transmission line route are available in the Government Valuers of-
fices. These rates should be updated at the time the actual valuation of assets takes place.
In the rural areas of Tanzania, it is possible for an individual to own the land and lease it to other farm-
ers. Hence, individuals may own crops only on a piece of land owned by others. This means that the
owner of the crops has as much compensation rights for their crops as the landowner has for the land.
7.3.5 Removal of Graves and Cultural Properties
During the field survey conducted for the ESIA it was possible to identify households that have graves
of relatives within or close to the wayleave. In the project area, the typical cost of grave removal for re-
location is on average estimated to be around TSh 100,000. The village councils are responsible for
allocating replacement burial plots.
It was also possible to identify few areas where local communities conduct traditional ceremonies in
areas likely to be within the wayleave. In Kisaki, in Singida Municipality, it was registered a special tree
known as Mlegea designated for rituals and as a place for prayers likely to be affected by the
wayleave. According to the current regulations, there should be paid some form of compensation for
the loss of these sites.
7.3.6 People Affected by Unforeseen Construction Damages and Losses
Some households may suffer damage to their property by construction teams during the implementa-
tion of the project, which may lead to additional compensation not foreseen during later preparation of
the RAP. This could include damage to buildings, walls, fences, hedges, gardens, trees and crops.
Usually, affected parties will be able to claim compensation from the contractor.
7.4 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)
All environmental aspects to be considered within a RAP are already covered under the ESMP, pre-
sented as part of the ESIA. In this case, without a centralized resettlement site, the environmental
challenge of resettling large populations into a single location is not present. Nonetheless, single fea-
tures related to environmental management among the resettled populations are considered under the
EMP.
7.5 Grievance Mechanisms
TANESCO as a client has to be involved in all claims and disputes as the client is the one who will be
receiving and handling them. However, being an interested party to the contracts the client should not
be involved in the final ruling of disputes arising from compensation and resettlement arrangements.
There is need to identify and describe at the onset the process, procedures and mechanisms for set-
tling such disputes and grievances to be applied.
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Affected individuals and households should be informed about the existence of a defined process for
expressing dissatisfaction and to seek redress. General information regarding the existence of such
procedure should be made public during the early stages of the community consultations. A more de-
tailed description of the established process should be presented to the PAP at the time the resettle-
ment plans are approved and individual compensation contracts are signed.
As recommended by other RAPs elsewhere, the selected procedure should be simple, administered
as far as possible at the local level, to facilitate access, flexibility and openness to various proofs, tak-
ing into account that most of the PAP are poor and illiterate. Grievances and disputes related to reset-
tlement and/or compensation may arise for different reasons. Grievances may arise from mistakes re-
lated to the identification of the affected property and people within the wayleave, disagreements re-
lated to the ownership of property, disagreements on land and asset valuation, disagreements on
other compensation allowances, and problems related to the time and manner of payment of compen-
sations.
Disputes related to land ownership will need to be brought before the appropriate level of land courts
as established by law, including those established at the village level. The Land Act (Section 156) only
provides for grievances related to land acquisition and compensation issues related to the creation of
a wayleave to be brought to the High Court of Tanzania. This is usually too expensive and impractical
for most of the residents and businesses within the project area.
It is, therefore, recommended that claims and complaints regarding compensation and resettlement
issues are brought to the attention of the village/local leadership. They will then forward grievances
concerning the non-fulfilment of entitlement contracts, levels of compensation or seizure of land and
assets without compensation to the corresponding Ward Executive Officer or eventually directly to the
District Executive Director.
7.6 Overview of Mitigation Measures
In this section we present a review of mitigation measures aimed to avoid or minimize negative im-
pacts. At the implementation stage, sites where towers are to be erected will be positioned and ad-
justed, where possible, to avoid impacts with crops, trees and structures. Wherever possible, reloca-
tion of affected houses will be done on the same plot and in some cases only a portion of the building
will be relocated in order to respect the wayleave setbacks.
It is advisable that prior to defining the exact location of the camps, storages and workshops the de-
veloper should discuss with the respective District and Ward officials in order to identify the sites with
the best conditions for these purposes and avoid as much as possible negative impacts with local
communities.
7.7 Route Selection
The most relevant mitigation measure for minimizing resettlement of population has been the selection
of the transmission line route. The suggested transmission line route is now regarded as the best op-
tion, both from an environmental and a social point of view. This line route is the result of detailed
planning and field observations, conducted by the Consultant’s Team in close collaboration with ex-
perienced and well qualified counterpart personnel from TANESCO. The Team comprised transmis-
sion line route specialists and environmental and social impact assessment specialists.
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The proposed route is detailed in the ESIA, and as it is explained there, it is still not defined at the de-
tailed design level. Therefore, when the survey team goes to the field to mark and define the final
route, terrain details, as well as environmental and social aspects, will be still taken into account allow-
ing for small adjustments in order to avoid technical, social or environmental conflicts or difficulties.
As it will be explained in Chapter 8, a comprehensive consultation program was launched. Close and
direct dialogue with local authorities and communities living next to the transmission line wayleave,
has provided the necessary inputs to prepare a RAP. It includes the necessary mitigation measures to
cover the expectations of the PAP, and fulfilling the standards and criteria imposed by the local legisla-
tion and by World Bank Operational Policies.
There are of course some cases where avoiding completely the relocation of houses or buildings
through the selection of the line route have not been possible. In those cases, compensation and relo-
cation is the only mitigation measure that is left. Details about the entitlements and eligibility for com-
pensation are covered in the foregoing sections of this Chapter.
7.8 Land Use
Similar to the case of houses and buildings within the wayleave, all land holdings within the transmis-
sion line wayleave will be entitled to some compensation as a mitigation measure in the ESMP/RPF.
The details of the compensation packages will be defined after the final corridor route has been de-
cided and marked on the ground by the corresponding survey team.
The fact that certain types of land uses may be allowed within the wayleave is also part of the mitiga-
tion measures in the ESMP/RPF. For instance, the cultivation of annual crops is usually allowed within
the wayleave. Only perennials and large tree crops will be prohibited.
7.9 Restoration of Livelihoods
Employment opportunities, especially for unskilled labour will be created both during construction and
operation of the transmission line. During operation of the line, labour opportunities will in particular be
related to the maintenance of the wayleave. These opportunities should benefit the local communities
along the transmission line route. TANESCO as responsible for maintaining the wayleave should be
encouraged to use local labour for these tasks.
TANESCO and the contractor are encouraged to schedule the construction of the transmission line in
such a way that they allow those households with standing crops along the transmission line corridor
to harvest their crops. This measure will reduce the negative impacts of the construction on the food
supplies and income opportunities of the PAPs.
7.10 Infrastructure and Services
There is no particular economic development promoting measures contemplated under this RPF. As it
has been mentioned earlier, the linear nature of the transmission line project does not lend itself to the
type of promotion of economic opportunities that is more typical in other types of local resettlement
plans.
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It is impractical, for example, for the project proponent to design, implement and manage economic
development activities in 93 villages. Nevertheless, TANESCO may wish to establish dialogues with
local authorities in order to assess the possibility to contribute to local economic development promot-
ing initiatives as part of the mitigation measures of the ESMP and for completing the RAP.
7.11 Cultural Sites
Wherever possible, the routing of the transmission line will avoid sites of cultural significance, such as
cultural heritage sites, ceremonial sites, and grave yards. At this stage, a precise identification of
where and how many such graves and sites of cultural significance lie within the wayleave cannot be
ascertained a hundred per cent. Although a tentative figure has been provided in this RPF document,
a complete appraisal, as well as the identification of rerouting options, will only be possible after the fi-
nal route is decided and marks are placed on the ground.
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8. Community Participation and Consultations
8.1 Consultative Strategy
Participation is a process through which different stakeholders influence and share their views over
development initiatives and the decisions and resources that affect them. The effectiveness of reset-
tlement programs is directly related to the degree of continuing involvement of those affected by the
project. Comprehensive planning is required to assure that local government, NGOs, project staff and
affected men and women interact regularly and purposefully in all stages of the project. Participation of
different social groups directly affected by the project is a requisite of a RAP. The involvement of the
PAP in the design of the mitigation and/or resettlement plan increases the probability of successful
mitigation/resettlement initiatives.
As observed by other RAP elsewhere, linear projects have a long but fairly narrow corridor of impact.
This feature creates both advantages and difficulties. The use of narrow strips of land associated to
linear projects generally displaces few people. Indeed, linear projects may require only temporary dis-
location while transmission lines are installed. However, the challenge in this type of projects is that
the corridors tend to be long and pass through many local areas, crossing different administrative
boundaries. Coordinating and consulting with relatively small, dispersed groups of relocated persons
demand particular logistical considerations.
The public participation process that was conducted under these studies took into account this particu-
lar feature of the transmission line, namely its linear formation.
The overall goal of the consultation process should be to disseminate project information and to incor-
porate PAP’s views in the RAP. The specific aims of the consultations are to
• Improve project design and lead to fewer conflicts and delays in implementation;
• Facilitate development of appropriate and acceptable entitlement options;
• Increase long term project sustainability and ownership,
• Reduce problems of institutional coordination.
They also aim to make the resettlement process transparent; increase the effectiveness of sustainabil-
ity of income restoration strategies, and improve coping mechanisms.
8.2 The Consultative Process
8.2.1 Stakeholder Identification and Methods of Participation
Section 89 of the Environmental Management Act (EMA, 2004) and Regulation 17 (URT, 2005) pro-
vide details and procedures for public participation in the ESIA process. The term "stakeholders" has
become common in the EIA process and stakeholders' participation is important component of the EIA
process. It is one of the key factors that enhance environmental governance. Stakeholders are indi-
viduals, groups of individuals or institutions that have interest in the proposed project. This includes
those positively and negatively affected by the project. Stakeholder participation involves processes
whereby all those with an interest in the outcome of a project actively participate in decisions on plan-
ning and management of the proposed development.
In ESIA process the concept "stakeholder" is given a very broad definition to encompass all different
individuals, groups of individuals, government agencies, and beneficiaries, cooperative bodies and all
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other formal or informal groups associated with a project. The range of potential stakeholders to ESIA,
and hence also to this Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), was greatly a factor of the definition of
the project boundaries but it is important to be 'inclusive' rather than 'exclusive' and ensure that all
those who might be affected or affect the project are fully engaged in the ESIA-RAP process. Simple
methods such as stakeholder analysis, literature review and interviews were used to identify the range
of stakeholders for the proposed development. The list of stakeholders is provided in Annex 1.1 of this
RPF document.
8.2.2 Methods of Stakeholder Participation
The ESIA process which has fed into the preparation of a RAP (RPF) was conducted in all villages
that the proposed transmission line is expected to pass through. Various methods were used in ensur-
ing that all relevant stakeholders were consulted and their views incorporated in the ESIA report and
this RPF document.
Participatory methods such as focus group discussions, household questionnaires and pubic meetings
were used. The ESIA team also visited all critical sites and conducted discussions with stakeholders
on site to identify their views and concerns. The team also visited the Mtera Hydropower Plant in Ir-
inga to consult the technical people with regard to the proposed project. Specifically, the following
techniques were used in undertaking this exercise.
8.2.3 Notification to Stakeholders
It is important to ensure that stakeholders are well informed prior to undertaking and consultation. In-
troduction letters were written by TANESCO to all relevant Regional Administrative Secretaries to first
inform them about the project as well as secure permission to work in the respective districts. This let-
ters were then channelled to District Executive Director (DED) for the same purpose and to seek ap-
pointments to consult the district officials and to undertake the ESIA in the respective villages. Letters
from the DED office were then distributed to all relevant villages to secure appointments with village
government officials as well as the local communities. The general public was also notified of the pro-
ject through media that included radio, television and newspapers.
8.2.4 Household Interviews
Household questionnaires were applied in the sampled villages. The questionnaire intended to obtain
baseline information of the affected population. The information collected was basically on socioeco-
nomic issues and land related issues, but its purpose was also to obtain the views of potential PAP
regarding this project and basic compensation and resettlement issues. The socioeconomic data will
be used in future for monitoring purposes. The household sample was randomly selected but with a
focus on households that might be affected by the project.
8.2.5 Village Public Meetings
To ensure that all villagers were informed of the project, the team conducted public meetings in the vil-
lages close to the line corridor. The team also ensured that women attended and participated in the
meetings. The meetings aimed at informing the villagers regarding the project and the impacts that
could be associated with the project. Villagers were informed of the positive and negative impacts of
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the project which included loss of land, possibilities of an increased spread of HIV/Aids, especially dur-
ing the construction phase as well as other environmental and social impacts associated with the pro-
ject. Villagers were also sensitized on their right to be compensated and what has to be compensated
if they would either lose land, crops or houses. Villagers were also given an opportunity to ask ques-
tions, raise their concerns and provide information to the team on issues such as availability of land in
the village for resettlement purposes.
8.2.6 Official Meetings with Village Leaders
Similarly, village meetings were conducted in all villages supposed to be affected. These meetings
aimed at collecting specific data at the village, discussing alternative line routing that could minimize
impacts as well as identifying sensitive sites and areas, such as cultural sites and graves within the vil-
lage or its neighbourhood.
A checklist was also administered during these meetings. These meetings also aimed at sensitizing
the village leaders regarding how they could handle compensation matters and also to ensure that
they would continue to sensitize and inform other villagers who were unable to attend the village public
meetings. After each meeting a notice to the public was posted at the village office so that villagers
could have an opportunity to contact TANESCO in case of any concern during any stage of the pro-
ject.
8.2.7 Meetings with Districts Officials
Meetings were held in all thirteen districts that will be affected by the project. The aim of the meetings
was to discuss the project with the district officials and to obtain relevant data and information from the
respective districts. Issues of alternative land and compensation were also discussed with these offi-
cials.
8.2.8 Consultations with Other Relevant Stakeholders
In Dar es Salaam the team also consulted various stakeholders at ministerial and Government Agen-
cies to obtain views at policy level. These included the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism
Forestry and Beekeeping Division, the Division of Antiquities, TANROADS and TANESCO. Other
stakeholders consulted in Dar es Salaam at this level included the Ministry of Agriculture and Food
Security and the Ministry of Lands and Human Settlements. Various mining development companies
that are based in the northern parts of the country were also consulted to get their views regarding the
project.
8.3 Summary of Stakeholder Issues and Concerns
Stakeholders consulted for this specific development project had various views and concerns. Details
of these views and concerns are provided in Annex 1.2 of this RPF document. Briefly most of the
views gathered from the stakeholders are positive about the project and expect that the project will
have a positive impact to the economy of the nation. However, most concerns raised by the stake-
holders revolved around land and compensation issues.
Discussions from various district officials and those at the village level showed concern, on the way
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the land acquisition procedure for development activities is undertaken in the country. In most cases
local communities are not well informed of their rights as well as the whole procedure. For instance
there are other allowances such as disturbance allowance, loss of profits for house/business premises
that will be affected are also supposed to be compensated. But because of lack of awareness some
local people are denied such payments. During stakeholders' involvement in this assessment, sensiti-
zation was also undertaken to ensure that all affected people are aware of what they are supposed to
be compensated.
Another concern raised by stakeholders with regard to compensation was related to delay of compen-
sation once properties including land and houses have been valuated and acquired by a developer.
"We have experience from the current Dodoma -Shinyanga road project, it took more than two years
for us to be compensated," complained a member of local community at Chikuyu. It was further
learned at Ntondo and Isuna villages that it has taken up to three years for some people to be com-
pensated by the road project. "By the time you are compensated the amount of money you obtain
does not suffice your requirement due to inflation", they said.
Stakeholders were informed that the land law is very clear regarding time as to when one has to be
compensated, and if not compensated on time, the law requires the developer to pay the affected per-
son.
Another issue that was also raised with regard to compensation was on value given to affected proper-
ties. It was noted that prices given to crops, both seasonal and perennial, was very low compared to
the actual value of investment cost of a particular crop. Discussions with officials from the Ministry of
Agriculture and Food Security revealed that values of crops are supposed to be reviewed after every
three years, though sometimes this is not the case. The value of bare land was also another issue
raised by various stakeholders. Many of the stakeholders complained that it is very low compared to
the actual market value in different areas. Under these circumstances most affected persons end up
not being able to buy the same size and quality of land after being compensated.
In order to address these concerns some stakeholders recommended the following:
• Compensation modalities: Most people were concerned with the transparency and participatory na-
ture of the compensation procedures, and requested that PAP should be key actors in this proce-
dure. Compensation should be paid directly to the affected people before construction.
• Valuation process: there were also concerns regarding the valuation of the assets of the people to
be economically and/or physically relocated. Communities requested to involve direct beneficiaries
in this process.
• Review of crop prices for compensation should be conducted every year and should involve rele-
vant District Agriculture Officials. It is important to involve district officials because investment costs
of crops differ from one area to another due to variation in physical environment.
• Compensation of land value should include investment cost; e.g. for the preparation of rice/paddy
fields one has to invest more compared to the preparation of a maize fields.
• Compensation should also consider fertility of land and a much higher price should be paid for fer-
tile land, e.g. price for land adjacent to water sources different to barren land.
This RPF document, among other things, also recommends on how best the compensation issue
should be undertaken as this will minimize most of the identified impacts associated with the project as
well as reduce conflicts between the developer and local communities.
Several stakeholders raised their concerns regarding the prospect of increased spreading of HIV/Aids
in their villages as well as district as result of the proposed development. World Vision, an NGO that
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operates in most of the areas covered by the project, were also concerned about this and demanded
that efforts to prevent the spread and to intensify awareness amongst the people and workers must be
made.
In most areas the rate of infection is already alarming. For instance, Iringa Region is already ranking
as number one in the country (Ministry of Health 2007). Hence, every measure must be taken to pre-
vent further spread.
Most of the consulted District Council and Municipal officials as well as those at the village level high-
lighted the importance of the proposed project to the nation, districts and local communities. For in-
stance, the officials at Kishapu District support the project with an expectation that the increase of
electricity supply will enable the district to be connected to the National Grid. Currently the district is
not connected to this important service.
Since few direct benefits have been identified for the communities and families directly affected by the
construction of the transmission line, the communities along the route requested that some ways to
provide benefits to them should be sought. In the community meetings, the population mentioned that
the provision of certain public services, such as electricity, water, schools and health centres could be
considered as likely measures to promote sharing of benefits of the project with those communities
and families affected by it.
Local communities were also concerned as to when they would directly benefit with such projects.
They were complained that they were tired of not only providing security to TANESCO infrastructures
but also loosing land for TANESCO projects without enjoying the services provided by such infrastruc-
tures. Furthermore, several villagers were hopeful that with the proposed increase in production of
electricity, it was now appropriate for them to have electricity just like other Tanzanians in the urban
areas. The assessment of willingness to use electricity showed that most local communities are willing
to adopt use of electricity, only that the cost of electricity connection was too high for them.
The proposed project is expected to affect about 93 villages in 13 districts and 5 regions. However, out
of the 93 villages likely to be affected, 16 villages are connected to the National Grid, of which most
are in urban areas. Discussions with TANESCO officials revealed that in order to solve this problem,
the company is currently implementing a Rural Electrification Project which aims at increasing the
number of villages which will be connected to the National Grid.
Other stakeholders mentioned about benefits from the project such as increase of employment oppor-
tunity especially for young people though they were concerned that employment may be given to out-
siders whilst the local people are left with simple manual jobs; other benefits included emergence of
auxiliary activities, increased supply of electricity, revenue to the nation and benefits that would accrue
as a result. Money gotten from compensations was expected to improve their standards of living.
Other concerns from villagers who will be affected by the proposed project were basically associated
with the new location for settlement and that it would probably not be possible to obtain land of similar
quality or to obtain arable land at all. People were afraid that some of them might be forced to migrate
to villages far from their economic activities and other basic social infrastructures. Though villagers are
concerned about losing their properties, especially houses, generally they are willing to relocate as
they recognize the importance of this project to the nation. After understanding what they are actually
supposed to be compensated, they found that this is an opportunity for them to build a better future.
Discussions with relevant District Land Officers (DED) indicated that within the districts it is still possi-
ble to resettle affected populations as there are other villages with enough land. As discussed above,
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the ESIA team conducted a survey of alternative routes for the project that would minimize the number
of houses to be demolished by the project.
The developer also needs to take into account that there are other areas that have been planned for
development that might be implemented before the actual survey and compensation for this project
has taken place. For instance in Bahi, the district intends to construct a bus stand within the proposed
site, though the actual date for implementation has not been determined. Bahi District has also desig-
nated large part of the area for the new district headquarters and these issues must be taken into ac-
count during the planning of this transmission line in order to avoid land use conflicts.
Private companies working in the mining sector highlighted the benefit of the proposed development
project that will solve the lack of electricity for the industries (currently the country's electricity supply
does not suffice the demand) and also increase power stability. Investors also revealed that the pro-
posed development project would improve industrial development in Tanzania as well as increase the
national income.
Communities and local leaders advocated also for the establishment of programmes and awareness
campaigns on implication of HIV/AIDS before and during the project implementation, targeted to both
contractors and community members. Provide information and create awareness on safety matters re-
lated to the high tension transmission lines; in particular focusing on school children close to the corri-
dor, but also to the community at large. Involvement of the respective local leaders in the villages and
wards was highly appreciated.
Most District Executive Directors such as those of Iramba, Iringa Municipal, Iringa Rural and Kishapu
District emphasized the importance of TANESCO facilitating a meeting for the various councillors
within each affected district. These meeting would be used as a forum to create awareness to the po-
litical leaders who are supposed to continue to sensitize local people on project relevant issues. Ac-
cording to the District Executive Director of Iramba District land related matters are very sensitive to
local people; but they have much trust in their councillors than any district official. If they hear it from
their councillors they will appreciate, accept and understand. Though in some villages councillors par-
ticipated in the consultative meetings, this report recommends that the developer prepares more of
such forums.
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9. Institutions and Implementation Arrangements
9.1 Overview of Relevant Institutions
As observed by earlier Resettlement Action Plans, there is no single agency in Tanzania that has
mandate for the planning and providing resettlement and compensation help in cases where people
are involuntarily relocated for development projects. It is, however, agreed in principle that the project
proponent assumes the responsibility for delivery of entitlements even though a number of other ac-
tors may be involved. In the case of the Iringa-Shinyanga Transmission Line, the most relevant institu-
tions related to the resettlement planning and implementation will be TANESCO (the Project Propo-
nent), the Ministry of Land and Human Settlement Development, District Councils/Municipalities, Vil-
lage Councils and the National Environment Management Council (NEMC).
9.1.1 TANESCO (The Project Proponent)
The actual implementation of the transmission line will be undertaken by an entity named "the Project
Developer" at this stage. We can borrow the definition used by the Draft National Environmental Im-
pact Assessment (EIA) Guidelines and Procedures from 2005 to describe the "Proponent/Developer":
"Any private person or group of persons or government department or parastatal who carry out an un-
dertaking or proposes to carry them out, whether they be corporations, companies, agencies, groups,
or individuals, are described as proponent/developer. A proponent may be either the person or organi-
zation that owns, manages, controls or finances an undertaking".
TANESCO is a Public Company established in 1964, and is under the Ministry of Energy and Minerals
which regulates its operation on behalf of the government. The major responsibilities of TANESCO are
generation, transmission, distribution and sales of electricity to Tanzania mainland and bulk power
supply to the island of Zanzibar. The company is organized into directorates including the "Directorate
of Strategic Planning and Projects". This Directorate deals with planning of projects like this one, and
deals with environmental and social issues related to energy development projects.
TANESCO has played a significant role in the implementation of RAP in the context of other transmis-
sion lines in Tanzania. TANESCO will be responsible for following up some aspects of the Environ-
mental and Social Management Plan. This entity should also be responsible for making sure that the
financial commitments established in a RAP, i.e. compensation entitlements, are considered in the to-
tal project budget and are available at the proper time.
9.1.2 Ministry of Land and Human Settlement Development
The Ministry of Land and Human Settlement Development is charged with policy, regulations, and co-
ordination matters pertaining to land in Tanzania. The Minister administers the Land Acquisition Act,
the Land Act no. 4 of 1999 and Village Land Act No.5 of 1999. The Commissioner of Lands adminis-
ters issues to do with land allocation, acquisition, registration and land management in general. All in-
stances of acquisition of land and public purposes and the need for resettlement and/or compensation
have to be referred to the Commissioner.
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9.1.3 Local Governments
Tanzania is made up of 26 regions and 130 districts. The Executive Directors or Municipal Directors
administer the districts. The role of the Directors is to administer and coordinate all district and munici-
pal activities and projects. There are also District Commissioners at every respective District to over-
see the district peace, law, order and tranquillity. In each district there are a number of wards adminis-
tered by the Ward Councils under the Ward Executive Officers. The responsibilities to oversee and
monitor any development activities rest at the ward level.
At the level of the districts and municipalities there are land officers. They are responsible for land af-
fairs, resettlement and compensation issues in their respective areas. There are also other officers
dealing with land issues at the district levels, for instance: land surveyors, land valuers and town plan-
ners.
9.1.4 National Environment Management Council (NEMC)
The Council is governed by the National Environment and Management Act No. 20 of 2004. The role
of NEMC is to provide legal and institutional guide for the sustainable management of Tanzania envi-
ronment. NEMC has the role of advising the government on issues related to environment and social
issues.
Although NEMC is not part of institutional framework governing the resettlement issues in Tanzania,
the Council can communicate with responsible institutions governing these issues for any concerns in
the RAP process.
9.2 Site Selection, Preparation and Relocation
Being a linear project, there is no need for a centralized relocation of resettled households. The large
majority of those with residential houses within the wayleave will relocate in their own yards, just out-
side the wayleave. Nonetheless, the following steps should provide a guideline to ensure that reset-
tlement sites have been properly selected where necessary.
9.2.1 Site Selection
Site selection is to be done based on available land, maps and available data for evaluating potential
sites. Site selection should be discussed with project affected people (PAP), their representatives and
local officials prior to their termination..
9.2.2 Financial and Economic Analysis
Although no detailed feasibility study is expected, detailed economic and financial analysis of the re-
settlement action plan is necessary to ensure that the proposed plan is economically viable.
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9.2.3 Land Acquisition
For those requiring replacement plots, they can either purchase new plots using the allowances re-
ceived, or ask for assistance if they consider the identification and selection of a new site too cumber-
some. The Project Proponent, in collaboration with local authorities, should be open to provide assis-
tance to find new plots for resettled households if the need arises.
9.2.4 Movement
No movement of the PAP is envisioned in this case. However, should there be need to move people,
movement should take place only when the new sites are ready with the minimal basic amenities and
initial training of resettlement staff, extension workers and PAP representatives has been accom-
plished.
9.2.5 Integration with Host Populations
In this case, as is common in linear projects without a centralized resettlement site or location, with a
rather long and narrow corridor of impact, the issue of integrating resettled families within host popula-
tions is not a major area of concern. Relocation will in general take place either on same plots already
owned by the family or in a close proximity to the original site. Families will not be resettled among
new and/or unknown communities, demanding special integration measures for the resettled popula-
tion.
9.2.6 Housing, infrastructure, and Social Services
Design and construction of the houses to those PAP who prefer to be provided a house instead for
cash compensation, including provision of basic infrastructure, are pre-requisites to the movement of
the PAP.
9.3 Institutional Arrangements
The Project Proponent may consider the establishment of some or all of the suggested institutional ar-
rangements to deal, internally and externally, respectively with the resettlement issues associated to
the Iringa -Shinyanga 400 kV Transmission Line. A Compensation Committee may be created inter-
nally within the Project Proponent's organization with representatives of the different units involved in
the Transmission Line, including the relevant Regional and District Offices.
The Directorate for Strategic Planning and Projects, which is the one having experience and human
resources specialized in environmental and social aspects may chair this committee. The main objec-
tive of this Committee is to discuss and agree on a common corporate policy towards the resettlement
plan. It is important that the Project Proponent, which is a relatively large organization, has an internal
forum to appraise and discuss their policies and strategies towards resettlement.
An ESMP/RAP Implementation Unit may be created within the Iringa -Shinyanga Transmission Line
Project to implement and manage the project’s ESMP and RAP. This unit may be structured to provide
coordination, technical support and services at several levels of project implementation. This unit
should, among other tasks, provide coordination for land acquisition and compensation, relocation and
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resettlement, distribution of project-related assistance, and support PAP access to all the assistance
available from governmental or local development programs, as well as all those entitlements to which
they are eligible.
A Compensation Steering Committee may also be created to coordinate the implementation and the
monitoring of the RAP. This Steering Committee may include representatives of the Project Propo-
nent, representatives of relevant districts, relevant ministries (Energy and Minerals; Lands and Human
Settlement Development), and optional representatives of relevant local NGOs, and specialized con-
sulting firms appointed by TANESCO.
9.4 Activities and Responsibilities
The following is a non-exhaustive list of key activities that should be undertaken as part of implemen-
tation of the RAP.
9.4.1 Transmission Line Definition
Before the planning and implementation of the RAP can be continued, it is imperative that the detailed
design of the transmission line and the survey of the final route are conducted. As part of the detailed
design and the field survey of the route the finally defined route should be marked on the ground, for
example with Iron Pin in Concrete (IPC), and numbered with readily identifiable symbols T1, T2, etc.
This information is necessary and will be used by the valuation team during the inventory and valua-
tion of assets as part of the full RAP.
9.4.2 Compensation Process Preparation Phase
This phase leads to the contractual agreement and ends with signature between the PAP and the Pro-
ject Proponent, defining precisely the value of compensation. The process preparation phase will be-
gin with the inspection of affected properties and households by the Registered District Valuer, and
assignation of registration numbers to each relocated household. This will be followed by serving no-
tice to PAP on the prescribed Land Form No. 69, completion of compensation claims by PAP on the
prescribed Land Form No. 70, determination of compensation rates for specific items and individual
compensation entitlements and values of compensation by the Registered District Valuer, and produc-
tion of valuation report, submitted to Chief Government Valuer in MLHSD for approval. These will then
be followed by compilation of individual compensation schedules, indicating the breakdown and total
amount of compensation to be paid to each claimant, forwarding it to the Project Proponent and the
respective District Land Officers, and conducting a PAP household survey.
9.4.3 Resettlement Process Preparation Phase
This phase defines how each entitled family will be compensated (resettlement land plot, in-kind pay-
ment, or cash payment) and ends with a signature of receipt of the entitlements. The activities in-
volved will include delivery of entitlements after approval of the Valuation Report and Compensation
Schedule by the Commissioner of Lands. Payments must be made within six months after Regional
Commissioner sign compensation schedules, otherwise interest has to be paid to compensate the
PAP. This will be followed by confirmation of receipt of entitlements by the PAP who should sign a re-
ceipt of the entitlements on the compensation schedule, permitting the use of the wayleave. After that
an order will be published in the Government Gazette creating the wayleave.
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10. Monitoring and Evaluation
10.1 Overview
In order to fulfil the requirements of the World Bank in that relocated people are adequately handled
and are left in a position no worse off than they were prior to project implementation, monitoring and
evaluation should be undertaken. Both internal and external monitoring evaluation should be carried
out during compensation and implementation of the resettlement plan.
Internal monitoring will we done regularly by the project sponsor‘s PMU while external monitoring and
evaluation will be done in intervals by a third party, i.e. a regulatory agency, its consultants or by an
independent NGO.
Specific monitoring items, for both internal and external monitoring, frequencies of monitoring and re-
porting systems will be clearly indicated in the monitoring plan that will be established by the project
sponsor’s PMU and by the regulatory agency, respectively.
Monitoring and evaluation is also recommended some time after resettlement has been concluded in
order to assess the medium and long term effects of the resettlement exercise.
In the case of linear projects, the evaluation and monitoring of resettlement present practical and logis-
tical challenges, since the resettled population is widely dispersed along the transmission line. In our
case, it will constitute a real challenge to implement monitoring of resettlement along 683 / 667 km, in
5 administrative regions, 13 districts and 93 villages.
10.2 General Objectives and Evaluation Monitoring
Evaluation and monitoring are key components of the RAP, and as such can be embedded into the
EMP. After the organizational arrangements for the operation of the line have been defined, the re-
sponsible for the operation of the transmission line may want to include the monitoring and evaluation
of the RAP as part of its management and maintenance routines along the line.
The monitoring and evaluation procedures will have the following general objectives, i.e. to evaluate
the compliance of the actual implementation with objectives and methods as given in the RAP, and of
the impact of the compensation/resettlement program on incomes and standard of living; and to moni-
tor specific situations of economic/social difficulties arising from the compensation/resettlement proc-
ess.
10.3 Evaluation Objectives
These are two categories of these objectives, i.e. the internal and external objectives as discussed
hereunder.
10.3.1 Internal Monitoring and Evaluation
The internal evaluation has the specific objectives of general assessment of the compliance of the im-
plementation of the RAP with objectives and methods defined in this document; assessment of the
compliance of the implementation of the RAP with laws regulations and safeguard policies as stated
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above; and assessment of the consultation procedures that took place at individual and community
levels, as well as with relevant district and national authorities.
The other objectives are to assess the fairness, adequacy and prompt compensation and resettlement
procedures as they have been implemented; to evaluate the impact of the compensation/resettlement
program on incomes and/or standards of living, with focus on the "no worse-off" requirement; and to
identify actions to be taken as part of the on-going monitoring to improve the positive impacts of the
program and mitigate against possible negative impacts.
Internal monitoring will we done regularly by the project sponsor‘s PMU, i.e. the same Unit that will su-
pervise the sound realization of the ESMP by the Contractor. However, the establishment of a specific
Project Resettlement Unit by the project proponent TANESCO is recommended.
The Monitoring Plan established by TANESCO’s PMU will be passed to the relevant District Authori-
ties (DPO etc.) for implementation.
10.3.2 External Monitoring and Evaluation
External evaluations may be conducted for instance either by WB missions and/or by missions of rep-
resentatives of third parties such as consultants, scientific institutes or NGO. The external monitoring
evaluations may cover aspects such as the implementation progress, the compensation and resettle-
ment policies, the status of the delivery of entitlements, the progress and changes in living conditions
of relocated people and consultation with affected people (PAP) and other stakeholders.
Independent evaluation of the RAP implementation should be conducted in at least two successive
stages. The first of these evaluations should take place within 6 months after completion of the imple-
mentation, while the second may take place within two years after completion of the implementation.
For comparative purposes, both evaluations should be carried out using a similar methodology and
using the same indicators.
Specific monitoring items, for both internal and external monitoring, frequencies of monitoring and re-
porting systems will be clearly indicated in the monitoring plans that will be established by the project
sponsor’s PMU and the regulatory agency, respectively.
10.4 Monitoring Objectives
On the other hand, the objectives of monitoring will be to identify affected persons who might get into
difficulties as a result of the compensation/resettlement process; and to provide a safety mechanism
and appropriate responses addressing these situations.
10.5 Conclusion
This RPF document has noted that the proposed project will meet backbone requirements for increas-
ing the national power demand and policies and will have little to moderate negative impacts on envi-
ronment and people. The more serious concerns revolve around social impacts, to which mitigation
measures, including compensations have been proposed. Therefore, the proposed development quali-
fies for consideration alongside the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. For the loss
of land, crops and structures, the ESIA recommends alternative routings as a measure to reduce the
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effect of the proposed project on such structures. The proposed alternatives do not completely remove
impacts, but simply reduces the severity of the impacts. For example, some alternatives may reduce
the number of affected houses and structures in some specific areas or will affect houses whose value
is relatively low, and hence manageable through compensation.
In addition, the RPF recommends fair and prompt compensation where alternative routes are unten-
able. All project affected people must receive cash compensation based on national and international
standards applicable in such cases so that the compensation renders them at least as well off and
possibly better off than before the commissioning of the transmission line.
A valuation of properties will be carried out by government valuers to identify all affected households
and to determine the value of houses, fixed assets, crops and trees that will be lost because of the
transmission line. A grievance or complaint procedure will be established to make sure that all PAP
are properly compensated and have a possibility to appeal if they are dissatisfied with the awarded
compensation amount. Considerable notification must be given to all PAP to participate in person in
meetings deliberating on compensation issues, as detailed in this RPF document.
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11. Indicative Resettlement Cost
A first but very limited estimation of the expected resettlement and compensation costs for the loss of
houses, infrastructures, bare and cultivable land, income sources, and deterioration of living conditions
and livelihood of the affected population in general are summarized in Table 11-1. The figures are
based on standard cost parameters for houses, infrastructures and land. Rates for allowances and
contingencies are derived from other recently performed RAP studies for TANESCO.
The real necessary budget for resettlement and compensation will be calculated by independent gov-
ernmental valuers when the decision on the final line routing has taken place.
This very preliminary calculation of compensation cost totals to 6.6 million EUR but will be subject of a
review as long as it is based on standard parameters from selected regions and not based on the cri-
teria of eligibility of the project affected population to receive compensation, the final number of people
who will be really subject of the resettlement action plan, and the definite number of infrastructures
and size of perimeters. These figures therefore are and should not be considered for policy decision
until a proper valuation exercise has been conducted on the selected right of way for this project.
Table 11-1: Indicative Cost Estimation for RAP ("resettlement budget")
Issue Unit No. EUR/unit TEUR MThS
Houses no. 850 2,000 1.700 2.890,0
infrastructures lump sum 500 850,0
Total buildings 2.200 3.740,0
agricultural area ha 1022 800 818 1.389,9
compensation for crops (2*value of cultivated area) 1.635 2.779,8
areas prone for settlement ha 147 600 88 149,9
(uncultivated) bare land ha 3771 150 566 961,6
sum 5.307 9.021,3
allowances/compensation 13% 690 1.172,8
sum 5.997 10.194,1
contingencies 10% 600 1.019,4
Total Sum 6.596 11.213,5
1 EUR equivalent to 1,700 TSh; TEUR = Thousand EURO; MTSh = Million Tanzanian Shilling
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12. References
• OECD (1992). Guidelines for Aid Agencies on Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement in De-
velopment Projects, No. 3.
• Office for Promoting Private Power Investments (OPPPI) (2006). Environmental and Social Impact
Assessment for 330kV Transmission Line from Mbeya to Singida. Draft Resettlement Action Plan,
prepared by NORPLAN.
• SONGAS (2000). Songo Songo Gas to Electricity Project: Environment and Social Management
Plan..
• TANESCO (2005). Wayleave Village Electrification Scheme (WVES) Project. Compensation Action
Plan,. Final Report prepared by Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam.
• TANESCO (2007). Distribution and Transmission Rehabilitation Project (Dar es Salaam, Moshi,
and Arusha) Proposed High Voltage Transmission Lines in Dar es Salaam. Resettlement Action
Plan. Final Report. Maputo: Impacto.
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 1
Stakeholder Consultation
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 1.1: People Consulted (13 Districts)
Name Position District
District Officials
Theresia Mbando Municipal Director Iringa Municipal
Wilberd Wampembe Municipal Surveyor Iringa Municipal
Tina Sekambo District Executive Director Iringa Rural
Mshauri Minenaki District Natural Resource Office Dodoma Municipal
Hellen F. Minja Municipal Community Development Officer Dodoma Municipal
Devota I.Nyange Valuer - Municipal Dodoma Municipal
Mshauri Minenaki District Natural Resource Office Dodoma Municipal
Kuyenga, C.M Valuer Dodoma Municipal
Ansbert S. Rwamahe Municipal Game Officer Dodoma Municipal
J.A. Mwakasege District Community Development Officer Mpwapwa
Mabula I. Isambula Surveyor Mpwapwa
Joseph M. Halamga District Natural Resource Officer Mpwapwa
Eng. J.E. Mbeyela District Engineer Bahi
C.K Mumwi Natural Resources Officer Bahi
J.V. Mnara Natural Resources Officer Bahi
I.A.Msofu District auditor Bahi
Rehema Nchimbi District Development Officer Bahi
Wallace Kiama Cooperative Officer Bahi
Salama Mangala Lawyer Bahi
Juliana Kerengi District Treasurer Bahi
Emmanuel Mziwanda Bahi
R.T. Mwenda Bahi
Mary A. Mathew Education Officer Bahi
Eliud Kongola District Agricultural Officer Bahi
Mathias Buhoro Water Engineer Bahi
Hassan Nzobe District Treasurer Bahi
Amede Amani District Community Stakeholder Consulta-
tion Development Officer
Bahi
Shedrack Moshi District Community Development Officer Bahi
Beatrice K. Msomisi District Executive Officer Bahi
Daud Mayeji Chamwino
Mohamed O. Sumoe Chamwino
George E. Loth Chamwino
Kissa Ino District Planning Officer Manyoni
Machael Msigwa District Natural Resource Officer Manyoni
Athman Masasi PLO Manyoni
Julian J. Tarimo PLO Manyoni
Kenan M. Ng'ombe District Treasurer Manyoni
Anusiata Lyimo District Executive Officer (DED) Singida Rural
Paskazia G. Kyaruzi District Land Officer Singida Rural
Karoli Lukondo District Surveyor Singida Rural
Robert Kitimbo District Executive Officer (DED Singida Municipal
K. Aristide Town Planner Singida Municipal
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Name Position District
R. Danyukile District Land Officer Singida Municipal
Fortunatus H. Fwema DED Iramba
Mathias Mkumbo DALDO Iramba
Theophil Ndunguru DPLO Iramba
Mangula I. Lusungu Iramba
Esther N. Romole Ag. DED Kishapu
Sarai Pura Ag. DALDO Kishapu
Leonard Koyo DCDO Kishapu
Shadrack M. Nitwa DFO Kishapu
Pharles Mahushi Planning Officer Kishapu
Kassian B. Oswald Ag. DED Shinyanga Municipal
Engelbert Mdulla Land Officer Shinyanga Municipal
Rogasian P. Seda Economist Shinyanga Municipal
Dina Madeje Planning Officer Igunga
Herman Hengele Land Department Igunga
Ministry Officials and Government Agencies
Mwita S. William MNRT - Antiquities Department
Aloyce Tango MNRT - Forest and Beekeeping Division
Dr. J. Ningu MAFC - Planning Division
Luhoro Julius TANROADS
Village and ward level Village and Ward Executive Officers
Village Officials and Village Public Meetings Participants
A volume with name lists of about 3500 people attending public meetings is available at TANESCO
(Appendix: Stakeholders Names and Signatures, Dec. 2008)
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 1.2: Summary of Stakeholder's Views and Concerns
Stakeholders Views/Concerns
TANESCO • Our main objective of the new 400kv line is to strengthen supply of elec-
tricity to the north-west mainly to support the mining activities in the area
Mr. Maeji - DED Cham-
wino District
• We can not say no to the project as it is public interest.
• TANESCO needs to involve various stakeholders at an early stage to
avoid conflicts especially local people and their leaders such as council-
lors.
• Compensation is also the major problem in such projects; people are not
well informed of the process making it difficult for them to understand
the whole process
• We need to know and have data of affected persons in each village
within the district so that we can organise if they are to be reallocated.
• It is also important if officials from the district will also be involve in sen-
sitizing local people regarding the project, issues of land acquisition and
compensation.
Mr Sunu - Planning Offi-
cer-Chamwino District
Council
• TANESCO rarely involve the district in its development plans which we
think is important as we are also stakeholders
• It is also important for TANESCO to consider supplying electricity in ar-
eas that the national grid goes through so that these people can also
benefit from the project. For instance the step down at Mtera could be
used to supply electricity to local people.
• Local communities are playing an important role in providing security to
TANESCO infrastructure; this job can not be done by the police alone,
that is why we insist they should benefit from the project directly and in-
directly.
Mr Loti - Land and Natu-
ral Resource Officer
Chamwino District
• The district valuer should be involved; it is also good if TANESCO in-
volve government valuers to avoid as they are more competent in un-
dertaking valuation of properties according to the law.
• There is land available within the district if need be to reallocate some of
the affected people for specification of where to obtain the land we need
to identify and analyse
• However most areas in the district have ownership there fore even for re
allocation we might need to re acquire the land or even compensate ar-
eas that we shall be obtaining land.
Dodoma Municipal • Raise awareness to the community on issues related to compensations
and other individual’s rights
• Rate of compensations for different items should be clear and take into
account the inflation rate in the country
• Compensations rates for perennials and annual crops are outdated,
should revised to meet the current value of crops
• TANESCO should have programs to support NGO’s, CBO’s and other
institutions dealing with environmental conservation in Dodoma region
by providing funds for tree planting
• TANESCO should request plots to CDA on behalf of those who their
houses will be demolition during the project implementation, this is spe-
cifically for Mkonze village, where land is a problem and application for
plots ion individual bases has been a problem and it will take time for
them to be considered.
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Stakeholders Views/Concerns
Mpwapwa District • Compensation should take into account the current value of an item to
be compensated
• Compensation of social services should be done before project take off.
• District authorities including ward councillors should be involved in all
matters related to valuation and compensation.
• TANESCO should take responsibilities for the environmental destruction
which will be made during project implementation, e.g. planting trees in
other areas to compensate for the destroyed ecosystem.
Mr F Fwema - DED
Iramba District
• Compensation is the major issue in such projects
• Our main objective as local government is to work for the people at
grass root level and our operations are through participation to enhance
democracy
• We should ensure that the project does not lead into conflicts in the area
• It is best if there will be an opportunity for capacity building to the coun-
cillors, local people look at them as their representatives and they trust
them more
• There is therefore a need to have a forum between TANESCO, Local
Government officials and various Councillors
Mr Matias Mkumbo -
Land and Natural Re-
source Officer-Iramba
District
• There is enough land in the district my main concern is if affected people
will be ready to be reallocated in other areas; we therefore need to edu-
cate councillors who will then educate local people
• Iguguno, Misigiri and Shelui these are small towns and they already
have land use plans
• We recommend the proposed line should not affect the already sur-
veyed areas as this will create a lot of problems to the land office
• Sekenke forest has already been gazetted as a forest reserve under
participatory forest management, the owner is therefore the district
council and 18 villages
Mr. Kisa Ino - District
Planning Officer -
Manyoni District and
Mr. Michael Msigwa
• The existing power transmission line has been a problem to landing and
takeoff of planes in Manyoni. Adding another line in the area will make
things worse. For instance, there has been an incidence of qualea
qualea outbreak in the district; attempts to control vermin using chemi-
cals sprayed by helicopters have been hindered because of poor land-
ing environment caused by the presence of power transmission line. Al-
ternatively, they have been forced to land in Itigi, which is very far from
Manyoni town and expensive.
• If possible the airport should be relocated to another place and the dis-
trict is ready to provide another area for air port construction.
• Some of the villages where the proposed transmission line will pass are
prospective areas for uranium mining e.g. Solya, Chibumagwa and Chi-
kuyu. Therefore, care should be taken to ensure that environment and
the people are not affected and conflict of interest between miners,
TANESCO and villagers is addressed.
• Beekeeping is an important economic activity in Manyoni district, de-
struction of environment by cutting trees which are potential areas for
bees will definitely affect this industry and income of the people and the
council at large. The compensation exercise should take into account
the value of the environment to be destroyed.
• The cost for surveying other areas to establish settlement for affected
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Stakeholders Views/Concerns
people in Manyoni town should be covered by TANESCO.
• TANESCO should establish a program to support environmental con-
servation programs in areas where they destroyed the environment.
World Vision • Our NGO is operational in this area and the rate of HIV in these area
needs to be taken into consideration
• It is important to build capacity and conduct sensitization on HIV/AIDS to
workers that will be involved in the construction of the project as well as
local communities
• We can conduct the sensitization but we must be informed early as we
have our own annual work plans so in case of any activities we need to
in cooperate in the work plan.
Igunga Land Office • Within the district there is no land that has no ownership especially po-
tential land which is very limited.
• The district should be involved during the survey so that we can know
where exactly is the line going to pass
• Most of our villages in the district have not been surveyed, some have
village certificate as well.
• Affected village governments should also be well informed so that they
can assist in finding alternative land for the affected people.
• Most of the areas that the project intends to acquire are actually the fer-
tile once; it will be difficult for the affected people to obtain fertile land in
other areas.
Ms Esther N. Romole -
Acting DED - Kishapu
District
• We accept the project because we expect in future electricity will reach
our district; currently the district is not connected to the National Grid.
• The main issue is compensation if the procedures are not well known to
local people it will create conflicts
• It is also important to use local people leaders such as counsellors and
village government officials to disseminate information
• We expect the project will employ our local people so that they can also
benefit from the project.
• The district has a team that can facilitate in educating local people on
HIV/AIDS issues; peer educators can be facilitated by TANESCO and
educate people in the affected areas.
Agriculture Office -
Kishapu District
• In this area some of our farmers grow hay to feed their animals some
being natural grass; they invest their time and money; this should also
be considered during compensation
• What value will you use to compensate in areas that people are already
practising mining?
• Ministry of agriculture for quite some has not updated compensation
rates for various crops, however its important for valuers to consider that
cost for production for various crops differ from one place to another.
• It is also important to educate politicians especially counsellors
Community Development
- Kishapu District
• What do you do to cultural issues? Are they also compensated cause
sometimes they have impact to communities
• Compensation has always been a problem, the process is not clear to
most people and in most cases the payments are delayed
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Stakeholders Views/Concerns
Acting DED - Shinyanga
Municipality
• It is very important to involve local people from the preliminary stage of
the project
• At Ibadakuli village TANESCO might need more land to expand the
substation; land acquisition procedures should be followed for the
Ibadakuli site.
• Councillors should also be involved so that they can facilitate the sensi-
tization process
• We should also get the EIS reports to enable us implement the EMP
Land Officer - Shinyanga
Municipality
• The proposed project might affect our town drawing that have partly
been prepared; we might have do some amendments in some areas
• District valuer must be involved in the valuation process
• There is still enough alternative land for the effected people; land is still
not scarce in the district
Planning Officer -
Shinyanga Municipality
• This project needs to be introduced in our technical committee so that it
is well known to all district officials
Ms Beatrice Msamisi -
DED-Bahi District
• Where TANESCO is planning to erect towers the district is planning to
build a bus stop
Bahi District Council Offi-
cials
• TANESCO may delay compensation and create problems to the district
• What will happen if people build on the right of way now; will TANESCO
compensate?
• Some government buildings in Nala village fall on the proposed right of
way
DED - Singida District
Council
• When are they expecting to start the project?
• What measures has TANESCO taken to ensure that supply of electricity
is guaranteed as well as supply of electricity in areas that there is no
electricity and the national grid grows through those villages?
Singida District Council
Officials
• Part of the proposed area for the new project has already been sur-
veyed and plots allocated and also prepared village maps, this means
we shall need to re-draw some of the areas? TANESCO should con-
sider compensating for this exercise.
• Loss of farm land? We need to start thinking of alternative land for af-
fected people. ESIA and RAP should consider this; we also have to in-
corporate this in the district plans.
• Compensation should be on timely manner and valuation should con-
sider market value of land and other affected properties.
• Affected people should also be encouraged to start looking for land,
though most will opt for unplanned areas or hazardous areas.
Acting DED - Iringa Mu-
nicipality
• We accept the project but there is a need of involving counsellors
Surveyor - Iringa Munici-
pal Council
• Land issues should involve various committees within the district as well
as the full council
Acting DED - Iringa Rural • The approach that has been used by TANESCO is very good cause it
allows local people to be aware of the project
• However there is a need of involving politicians in this exercise, other-
wise it might not be successful
• In such project valuation and compensation is the main problem, local
people are not well involved
• Rates used to compensate are normally very low, this increases the
level of poverty among the local people, land law especially the com-
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Stakeholders Views/Concerns
pensation part should be reviewed
• Local people in most of the areas that the transmission line goes
through do not benefit directly from the project, most of the rural areas
have no access to electricity; there is a need to consider rural electrifica-
tion
• You might be affecting someone from a very fertile piece of land, com-
pensation should consider this
• Sensitization is also very important, telling people the benefits of the
project
• There is land problem in the district, there is no single land that has no
owner, it therefore means all affected people will again have to go and
buy land
• Late release of compensation sometimes even after two years with infla-
tion it affects people even more
Affected Local Communi-
ties
• We accept the project but we also want to benefit directly from the pro-
ject i.e. to be connected to the national grid
• We are impressed and also acknowledge the decision by TANESCO to
conduct sensitization and information dissemination to local people prior
accruing land or implementing the project
• Compensation and should be on a timely manner and transparent, we
should also be involved in all the procedures regarding compensation
exercise
• Compensation should be paid at the nearest bank from the village to
avoid disturbance
• Employment opportunities during construction phase should priorities
local communities
• Land acquisition should consider harvesting season; we should be al-
lowed to harvest what we have already grown to avoid food shortage in
the area
• Prior to demolishing any affected social service such as schools or
wells, another facility should be constructed first by TANESCO. Also
with regard to public services we would prefer compensation to be that
of constructing another facility other than paying money to the village
• Costs for installing electricity is currently very high; TANESCO should
consider reducing such costs in rural areas
• Most of TANESCO project involve cutting down tress that we have
planted; the company should therefore be involved in tree planting ac-
tivities
• We propose the project to avoid sandwiching our land especially in resi-
dential areas as this reduces the value of land
• Re allocation of graves should follow our norms and traditions and we
should be involved in identifying were to allocated the graves.
Mr Mwita S. William - An-
tiquities Department-
MNRT
• If the project involves digging the ground, cultural aspects should be
considered
• Depending on the intensity of what will happen on site, there is an un-
derground surface distance that can affect cultural heritage
• It the area has any cultural heritage that are of importance to the nation
or the local communities then its better to look for alternatives
• Cultural heritages that are mainly for locals; the ministry is involved but it
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Stakeholders Views/Concerns
is always very important to involve the locals and agree with them on
any activity that might impact their heritage
• The line goes through some areas that have important sites (the central
slave and ivory trade route) for heritage example Kilimatinde has been
proposed as a World Heritage Site, GMP for the are is on preparation to
convert the area into a tourist centre
Dr Riwa - OSHA-MLYD • Land that is under a transmission line is legally TANESCO property
• Transmission lines have social and economic components that need to
be taken into account
• Issues of safety to workers, people living adjacent to the project area is
very important to be incorporated in all the project phases.
Ministry of Land and
Human Settlement
• This project land acquisition procedure is guided by the Land acquisition
act no 47 of 1967; which elaborates acquisition of land for public interest
such as way leave for TANESCO is for public interest
• Once land has been acquired, compensation should follow the Land Act
no. 4 and 5. of 1999
• TANESCO should apply to the commissioner regarding the intention to
acquire land which will later be gazetted
• It is important to mention all the villages that will be affected by the pro-
ject on the application
• The valuation procedure should also consider market value of the af-
fected land/property
• Protected land such as forest reserve are under specific authorities
however these authorities have no mandate to oppose a project.
Julius Ruhuro -
TANROADS
• Review of law in relation to way leave space is very important to avoid
conflict with other institutions
• Avoid overloading during transportation of construction materials.
Mr. Aloyce Tango - Min-
istry of Natural Re-
sources and Tourism-
Forest and Bee Keeping
Department
• Wetland and Water catchments areas should be avoided.
• Compensation issues forest under Joint Forest Management system is
important to encourage the community around the forest.
• Reserved trees should be avoided, if necessary, it should be done after
permission from the MNRT.
Dr. J. Ningu - Ministry of
Agriculture, Food Secu-
rity and Cooperatives
• Policy review in relation to compensation of crops should be done after
three years to ensure that the rate of compensation reflect the actual
cost of investment to a particular crop.
• Compensation should be valued using foreign currency to avoid infla-
tion.
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 2
Land Use and Agro-Physical Characteristics along the Transmission Line Corridor
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 2: Land Use and Agro-Physical Characteristics along the Transmission Line Corridor
Region District No. Village Coordinates taken
at village office
Land Use Physical Character-
istics
Vegetation Soils
Iringa Iringa Mu-
nicipal
1 Igumbilo 0803097
9139126
Extensive farming Plain and seasonal
river and affected by
soil erosion
Planted trees, bushed grass-
land & riverine vegetation
Sandy
Iringa Rural 2 Kigonzile 0802502
9144226
Extensive maize farming Plain with gentle
slope
Scattered bushes, wooded
grassland
sandy and clay
3 Nduli 0803602
9150198
Extensive maize farming Plain Grassland and scattered trees Sandy clayed
4 Igingilanyi 0804486
9156080
Agriculture and very little
livestock keeping
Plain and some gen-
tle slope towards
Nduli village
Scattered trees and grassland Sandy and gravel
5 Ndolela 0808056
9171160
Farming and livestock keep-
ing
Plain and some parts
are slightly hilly
Grassland, some bush and
scattered trees
Sandy clayed
6 Mkungugu 0805821
9166240
Extensive farming and very
little livestock keeping
Plain and some parts
are slightly hilly
Grassland and scattered trees Sandy, gravel and
clay
7 Kising'a 0805421
9160700
Extensive farming little live-
stock farming
Plain Scattered scrub and trees Clayed sandy
8 Isimani Ta-
rafani
0809152
9173824
Extensive farming and live-
stock keeping
Plain Scattered trees, scrub and
grassland
Sandy clayed
9 Kihorogota 0811523
9176236
Extensive farming and live-
stock keeping
Plain Scattered trees Clayed, sandy
and dark soil
10 Nyang'oro 0808945
9178720
Extensive farming little live-
stock farming
Hilly and steep moun-
tain
dense forest- Nyang'oro for-
est reserve,
Clayed, sandy
11 Izazi 0800452
9198930
Fishing and very little agri-
culture and livestock keep-
ing
Some parts are plain
and slightly hilly
Bushed scrub and Adansonia
digitata and Commiphora
trees - dense Miombo wood-
land -part of Nyang'oro forest
reserve
Clayed, sandy
and dark soil
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Region District No. Village Coordinates taken
at village office
Land Use Physical Character-
istics
Vegetation Soils
12 Migori- Mtera 0805664
9207800
Fishing and very little agri-
culture and livestock keep-
ing
Plain Scattered trees and grassland Clayed, sandy
13 Makatapora 0816740
9210630
Fishing, Few farms and
livestock keeping
Plain Scattered trees Clayed sandy
Dodoma Mpwapwa 14 Mtera 0828221
9213034
Fishing, Few farms and
livestock keeping
Plain, some parts
steep slope
Dense forest Sandy and gravel
15 Kisima 0830988
9222342
Few farms and livestock
keeping
Plain and gentle
slope towards Mtera
dam
Dense forest Clayed sand and
gravel
16 Chipogoro 0172755
9239626
Few farms and livestock
keeping
Plain Scattered and some part have
dense forest
Clayed sand
17 Seluka 0176220
9246396
Few farms and livestock
keeping
Plain Scattered scrub and plenty of
Adansonia digitata and Com-
miphora trees
Clayed sand
Chamwino 18 Fufu 0829800
9258124
Few farms and livestock
keeping
Plain Open Acacia woodland and
plenty of Adansonia digitata
and Commiphora trees
Clayed sand
19 Manzase 0823658
9268962
Few farms and livestock
keeping
Plain Open Acacia woodland and
plenty of Adansonia digitata
and Commiphora trees
Clayed sand
20 Mloda 0817286
9273976
Few farms and livestock
keeping
Plain Scattered scrub and plenty of
Adansonia digitata trees
Clayed sand
21 Mlowa Bara-
barani
0813170
9280132
Moderate farming, livestock Plain Scattered scrub and Adan-
sonia digitata trees
Clayed sand
Dodoma
Urban
22 Nkulabi 0807539
9290230
Few farms and livestock
keeping
Plain Open bush, grassland and
scattered Adansonia digitata
trees
Clayed sand
23 Mpunguzi 0803678
9295010
Scattered grape farms and
livestock keeping
Plain, seasonal river Open bush and grassland Clayed sand with
gravel
24 Mantumbulu 0802532
9298971
Scattered farms Slight hills, gentle
slope, some boulders
Grasslands and scattered
trees
Clayed sand -red,
gravel
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Region District No. Village Coordinates taken
at village office
Land Use Physical Character-
istics
Vegetation Soils
25 Mkonze 0800043
9311389
Some farming and livestock
Plain with gentle
slope
Scattered trees and grassland
Clayed sand
partly with gravel
26 Michese 0795907
9315766
Some farming and livestock Plain Scattered scrubs Clayed sand
27 Nala 0789961
9326663
Few farming and livestock
keeping
Plain, slight hill and
gentle slope
Grassland, scattered scrubs Clayed sand
28 Chigongwe 0781606
9329715
Few farming and livestock
keeping
Plain, gentle slope,
some
Hills and scattered
boulders
Grassland, scattered scrubs
and dense bush btn Msem-
beta and Chigongwe village
Clayed sand
Clayed sand with
gravel
Bahi 29 Ibihwa 0769508
9335022
Some farming and livestock
farming
Plain and gentle
slope
Open dry woodland with Ad-
ansonia
Clayed sand
30 Mpamantwa 0764088
9340526
Few farming and livestock
keeping
Plain and slightly hilly Open dry woodland with Ad-
ansonia
Clayed sand
31 Bahi 0757336
9341034
Some farming and livestock
keeping
Plain, seasonal river
and wetland
Open dry woodland with Ad-
ansonia digitata
Clayed sand
32 Uhelela 0752007
9346724
Farming and livestock keep-
ing
Plain Open dry woodland with
plenty of Adansonia digitata
Clay
Singida Manyoni 33 Lusilile 0745247
9347766
Farming and livestock keep-
ing
Plain Open dry woodland with
plenty of Adansonia digitata
Clayed sand
34 Maweni 0735282
9349960
Few farms, livestock keep-
ing
Plain and seasonal
river
Open dry woodland with
plenty of Adansonia digitata
Clayed sand
35 Chikuyu 0729378
9351408
Few farms, livestock keep-
ing
Plain and seasonal
river
Open woodland Clayed sand
36 Chibumagwa 0721698
9350164
Few farms, livestock keep-
ing
Steep slope and plain
towards Chikuyu
Dense woodland and scat-
tered bushes in some dis-
turbed areas
Clayed sand,
scattered boulders
37 Solya 0717097
9355534
Some sorghum & millet
farming and livestock keep-
ing
Plain with steep slope
around
Chibumagwa village
Grasslands with scattered
scrub
Clayed sand,
scattered boulders
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Region District No. Village Coordinates taken
at village office
Land Use Physical Character-
istics
Vegetation Soils
38 Muhalala 0708415
9360438
Some farming and livestock
keeping
Plain with gentle
slope
Grasslands with dense scrubs Clayed sand
39 Manyoni Mjini
(Kaloleni &
Mwanzi sub
villages)
0705496
9365336
Some farming and livestock
keeping
Plain Grassland and scattered
planted trees like mango trees
Sandy loam
40 Mitoo juu 0702084
9371398
Some farming and livestock
keeping
Plain Grasslands with scattered
scrub
Clay, black cotton
soils
41 Mkwese 0700177
9377190
Farming along the line, as
the line passes through
dense forest
Plain Grasslands with scattered
scrub
Clayed sandy
Singida Ru-
ral
42 Choda 0695423
9391160
No farming along the line,
as the line passes through
dense forest
Plain Dense thicket forming im-
penetrable thickets
Clayed sandy
43 Isuna A 0695154
9402010
Extensive farming and live-
stock farming
Plain Thickets to scattered trees Sand loam
44 Isuna B 0695534
9404738
Extensive farming and live-
stock farming
Plain Wooded Grasslands with
scattered trees
Sand loam
45 Nkuhi 0696934
9409864
Some cultivation Plain Degraded Miombo woodland
into thickets
Sand loam
46 Ulyampiti 0697803
9424948
Extensive farming Slightly hilly and
Plain
Degraded Miombo woodland
into thickets
Clayed sand
47 Muungano 0697235
9429240
Extensive maize and rice
farming
Plain Scattered scrubs Sandy loam
48 Ikungi 0696070
9432456
Some maize farming Slightly hilly Scattered scrubs Sandy loam
49 Ighuka 0695999
9435730
Some maize farming and
livestock keeping
Plain Degraded Miombo woodland
into thickets - some planted
trees as well
Sandy loam
50 Kipumbwiko 0695392
9439176
Some farming and livestock
keeping
Plain Grassland with some planted
trees (eucalyptus)
Sandy loam
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Region District No. Village Coordinates taken
at village office
Land Use Physical Character-
istics
Vegetation Soils
51 Nkunikana 0695927
9443924
Some farming and livestock
keeping
Slightly hilly, with
gentle slope
Some planted trees and
grasslands
Sand with gravel
52 Puma 0694588
9446830
Some farming Plain with gentle
slope and dense out
crop rock
Grassland with scattered
trees
Clayed sand
53 Isalanda 0695282
9448420
Some farming and livestock
keeping
Hilly, surrounded by
outcrop rocks
Scattered scrubs Clayed sand
54 Utaho 0693625
9451726
Some farming and livestock
keeping
Hilly, surrounded by
outcrop rocks
Scattered scrubs Clayed sand
55 Kisaki 0695312
9457790
Some farming and livestock
keeping
Hilly, with gentle
slope and out crop
rocks
Grassland with scattered
bush and planted trees (euca-
lyptus)
Clayed sand
Singida Ur-
ban
56 Kipungua 0695552
9465160
Some farming and livestock
keeping
Hilly, with gentle
slope
Scattered scrubs Clayed sand
57 Misuna 0694645
9465368
Some farming and livestock
keeping
Valley and slightly
hilly,
Planted trees and grasslands Clayed sand
58 Mungumaji 0697847
9464426
Some farming and livestock
keeping
Slightly hilly, and
gentle slope towards
Singida sub station
Grassland with some planted
trees
Clayed sand
59 Unyambwa 0701124
9468520
Scattered farming Plain Some grassland and planted
trees
Sandy
60 Mkimbii 0701462
9475544
Some cultivation and live-
stock keeping
Plain, with gentle
slope towards Mtipa
village
Some grassland and planted
trees
Clayed sand
61 Mtipa 0696685
9474990
Extensive farming and live-
stock farming
Hilly and scattered
boulders
Mbuga Plain north of
singidani lake
Some grassland and scat-
tered tree
Scrub land with jatropha
bushes
Sandy loam
62 Manga 0689956
9478080
Extensive farming, Live-
stock keeping
Plain Some planted trees and
bushed grasslands
Sandy loam
63 Mnung'una 0686628
9482498
Farming, livestock keeping Plain Open combretum woodland
with scattered scrubs
Clayed sand
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Region District No. Village Coordinates taken
at village office
Land Use Physical Character-
istics
Vegetation Soils
64 Msisi 0684754
9485964
Farming, livestock keeping Plain and gentle
slope
Open combretum woodland
with scattered scrubs
Clayed sand
65 Nkwae 0683522
9490074
Farming, livestock keeping Plain Open combretum woodland
with scattered scrubs
Clayed sand
66 Ntondo 0681183
9492218
farming, livestock keeping Slightly hilly, valleys Open combretum woodland
with scattered scrubs
Sand Clayed loam
Iramba 67 Iguguno 0680375
9495114
Extensive farming, livestock
keeping
Slightly hilly, valleys
and affected by soil
erosion
Bushed Grassland to scat-
tered scrubs
Sand Loam to
sand clay
68 Tumuli 0672864
9497433
Farming, Livestock keeping Plain with gentle
slope
Grassland and Scattered
trees
Sand Loam to
clay loam
69 Maluga 0668588
9501172
Farming, Livestock keeping Plain Bushed Grassland and Scat-
tered trees
Sand Clay
70 Kyengege 0663516
9510618
Farming, Livestock keeping Plain Bushes with Scattered trees,
mango trees and eucalyptus
Sand loam to Clay
Loam
71 Mgundu 0662255
9514564
Farming, Livestock keeping Plain Scattered trees, mango trees
and eucalyptus
Sand loam to clay
loam
72 Kitukutu 0658024
9512904
Farming, Livestock keeping Plain Scattered trees, mango trees
and eucalyptus
Sand loam to clay
loam
73 Ulemo 0655029
9612722
Extensive Farming, Live-
stock keeping
Plain, hills around Ki-
zaga sec. school
Plain
Scattered bushes Sand loam to clay
loam
74 Misigiri 0648717
9514842
Some farming and livestock
keeping Livestock keeping
Flat and slightly hilly Bushed shrub and highly
open woodland
Clayed sand
75 Kibigiri 0639369
9517394
Extensive maize/sorghum
Farming, Livestock keeping
Plain ascending into
sekenke mountain
Scattered trees at low plain
- Beginning of Sekenke forest
reserve (miombo woodland)
Course sandy-
Clay loam
76 Nselembwe 0632413
9518724
Extensive maize/sorghum
Farming, Livestock keeping
Plain Scattered trees
-Planted Acacia trees
Clay-loam
77 Kizonzo 0627311
9517374
Farming, Livestock keeping Plain with gentle
slope
Scattered trees Loam -clay
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Region District No. Village Coordinates taken
at village office
Land Use Physical Character-
istics
Vegetation Soils
78 Mseko 0618097
9514056
Maize farming, Livestock
keeping
Plain Bushed shrubs with Scattered
Adansonia digitata trees
Sand and Loam
Tabora Igunga 79 Mgongoro 0615351
9515296
Maize farming, Livestock
keeping
Plain, Wembere
Swamp
Wooded Acacia Grassland Clay-Loam
80 Makomero 0609106
9524836
Maize farming, Livestock
keeping
Plain Descending into
Wembere swamp
Mbuga Grassland plan with
scattered dwarf Acacia seyal
bushes
Clay- Loam (black
cotton soil)
81 Mbutu 0599513
9532092
Cotton and maize farming,
Livestock keeping
Plain Open Balanite woodland, in-
some area bushed Acacia
Grassland
Sand clay -loam
82 Bukama 0591960
9538210
Cotton and maize farming,
Livestock keeping
Plain Bushed Grassland with Aca-
cia seyal dominating the
woody bush
Sand loamy
83 Imalanguzu 0589098
9544684
Extensive cotton farming
and Livestock keeping
Plain Open Acacia bush land inter-
rupted by farms
Clay- Loam
84 Mwamakona 0584393
9549866
Extensive cotton and maize
farming, Livestock keeping
Steep slope, Soil
erosion affected area
Disturbed Acacia -Balanite
woodland
Clay- Loam,
(black cotton soil)
85 Igurubi 0578796
9558438
Farming and Livestock
keeping
Plain and Ng'wa-
wombe river
Bushed Acacia Grassland Clay Loam, highly
eroded
Shinyanga Kishapu 86 Kalitu 0579900
9567674
Farming and Livestock
keeping
Plain Grassland and scattered Aca-
cia bushes
Mbuga area with
clay soil-black cot-
ton soil
87 Kiloleli 0578224
9573904
Maize and cotton farming,
Livestock keeping
Valley, escarpment
and affected by soil
erosion
Grassland and scattered aca-
cia shrubs
Sandy and clay
loam-black cotton
soil
88 Mwaweja 0576360
9586204
Maize, rice and cotton farm-
ing, Livestock keeping
Plain Grassland and scattered aca-
cia shrubs
Sandy and clay
loam-black cotton
soil
89 Mwajiginya 0575654
9585740
Farming (paddy and maize,
livestock keeping
Plain and
Slightly hilly
Farmlands with few Acacia
bush in small section
Clay-loam (black
cotton soil)
90 Negezi 0573574
9593200
Farming and livestock keep-
ing
Plain Scattered scrub
Scattered scrub
Sand, Gravel and
loamy
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Region District No. Village Coordinates taken
at village office
Land Use Physical Character-
istics
Vegetation Soils
91 Ngunga 0578239
9575535
Extensive maize and cotton
farming and livestock keep-
ing
Slightly hilly and Plain Scattered scrub
Scattered scrub
Sand, Gravel and
loamy
Shinyanga
Urban
92 Mwamagunguli 0559485
9601068
Extensive maize and cotton
farming and livestock keep-
ing
Slightly hilly and Plain Thickets intermixed with scat-
tered trees (Adensonia digi-
tata)
Loamy
93 Ibadakuli 0556474
9599582
Farming and Livestock
keeping
Plain Grassland with scattered
trees, particularly (Adensonia
digitata)
Loamy
Source: Field Survey, 2008
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 3
Socio-Economic Characteristics of Affected Population and Infrastructure
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 3-1: Number of Affected Buildings Before/After Transmission Line Re-routing
Houses concernedwithout with
Iringa Iringa Urban 1 Igumbilo 7 1 -6
Iringa Rural 2 Kigonzile 0 0
Iringa Rural 3 Nduli 0 0
Iringa Rural 4 Igingilanyi 8 8
Iringa Rural 5 Kising’a 2 2
Iringa Rural 6 Mkungugu 0 0Iringa Rural 7 Ndolela 0 0
Iringa Rural 8 Isimani Tarafani 0 0
Iringa Rural 9 Kihorogota 0 0Iringa Rural 10 Nyang’oro 3 3
Iringa Rural 11 Izazi 3 3
Iringa Rural 12 Migori- M tera 25 25Iringa Rural 13 Makatapora 41 0 -41
Dodoma Mpwapwa 14 Mtera+S/S 125 0 -125
Mpwapwa 15 Kisima 50 50
Mpwapwa 16 Chipogoro 10 10
Mpwapwa 17 Seluka 2 2
Chamwino 18 Fufu 0 0
Chamwino 19 Manzase 5 5
Chamwino 20 Mloda 0 0
Chamwino 21 Mlowa Barabarani 21 21
Dodoma Urban 22 Nkulabi 10 10
Dodoma Urban 23 Mpunguzi 4 4
Dodoma Urban 24 Mantumbulu 0 0
Dodoma Urban 25 Mkonze 36 36
Dodoma Urban 26 Michese 5 5
Dodoma Urban 27 Nala 28 7 -21
Dodoma Urban 28 Chigongwe 8 8
Bahi 29 Ibihwa 16 16
Bahi 30 Mpamantwa 5 5
Bahi 31 Bahi 85 0 -85
Bahi 32 Uhelela 3 3
Singida Manyoni 33 Lusilile 10 10
Manyoni 34 Maweni 10 10
Manyoni 35 Chikuyu 10 10
Manyoni 36 Chibumagwa 0 0
Manyoni 37 Solya 16 16
Manyoni 38 Muhala la 0 0
Manyoni 39 Manyoni Mjini 22 22
Manyoni 40 Mitoo juu 6 6
Manyoni 41 Mkwese 0 0
Singida Rural 42 Choda 0 0
Singida Rural 43 Isuna A 3 3
Singida Rural 44 Isuna B 10 10
Singida Rural 45 Nkuhi 10 10
Singida Rural 46 Ulyam piti 13 13
Singida Rural 47 Muungano 0 0
Singida Rural 48 Ikungi
Singida Rural 49 Ighuka
Singida Rural 50 Kipunguiko 5 5
Singida Rural 51 Nkunikana 13 13
Singida Rural 52 Pum a 50 6 -44
Singida Rural 53 Isalanda 0 0
Singida Rural 54 Utaho 0 0
Singida Rural 55 Kisaki 19 19
alternativesdifference
19 19
District VillageRegion
continued >>
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Singida Singida Urban 56 Kipungua 6 6 0
Singida Urban 57 Misuna
Singida Urban 58 Mungumaji
Singida Urban 59 Unyambwa
Singida Urban 60 Mkimbii
Singida Urban 61 Mtipa
Singida Rural 62 Manga
Singida Rural 63 Mnung’una 14 14
Singida Rural 64 Msis i 0 0
Singida Rural 65 Nkwae 0 0
Singida Rural 66 Ntondo 12 12
Iram ba 67 Iguguno 4 4
Iram ba 68 Tumuli 8 8
Iram ba 69 Maluga 4 4
Iram ba 70 Kyengege 20 4 -16
Iram ba 71 Mgundu 20 0 -20
Iram ba 72 Kitukutu 20 0 -20
Iram ba 73 Ulemo 10 10
Iram ba 74 Mis igiri 0 0
Iram ba 75 Kibigiri 12 12
Iram ba 76 Nselembwe 2 2
Iram ba 77 Kizonzo 18 18
Iram ba 78 Mseko 17 17
Tabora Igunga 79 Mgongoro 21 21
Igunga 80 Makomero 16 16
Igunga 81 Mbutu 15 15
Igunga 82 Bukama 50 50
Igunga 83 Imalanguzu 17 17
Igunga 84 Mwam akona 35 35
Igunga 85 Igurubi 16 16
Shinyanga Kishapu 86 Kalitu 6 6
Kishapu 87 Kiloleli 10 10
Kishapu 88 Ngunga 6 6
Kishapu 89 Ngwajiginya 8 8
Kishapu 90 Mwaweja 0 0
Kishapu 91 Negez i 32 32
Shinyanga Urban 92 Mwam agunguli 3 3
Shinyanga Urban 93 Ibadakuli 12 12
172 84 -88
Sources: Field Survey 2008; Line Routing Maps TM 50, and Google Earth Evaluation
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 3.2: Number of Affected Buildings Before / After Transmission Line Re-routing per District and Transmission Line Section
Houses affected
without with
7 1 -6
82 41 -41
187 62 -125
26 26 0
91 70 -21
109 24 -85
74 74 0
178 90 -88
168 124 -44
135 79 -56
170 170 0
62 62 0
15 15 0
1.304 838 -466
Houses concerned
without with
352 180 -172
366 216 -150
586 442 -144
1.304 838 -466
Transmission Line
Section
District
Igunga
Kishapu
Shinyanga Urban
diff.alternatives
diff.alternatives
Bahi
Manyoni
Singida Urban
Iramba
Dodoma Urban
Iringa Urban
Mpwapwa
Irigan Ural
Chamwino
Total
Total
Iringa - Dodoma
Dodoma - Singida
Singida -Shinyanga
Singida Rural
Sources: Field Survey 2008; Line Routing Maps TM 50, and Google Earth Evaluation
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 3.3: Average Land Size Cultivated per Household along the Proposed Line
Average size of farms of households in-
terviewed; per district household cluster Households Frequency
Average Size (Acres per
Farm Household)
Iringa Urban 12 92% 3.5
Iringa Rural 163 92% 8.6
Mpwapwa 90 97% 11.9
Chamwino 63 86% 8.9
Dodoma Urban 136 99% 5.5
Bahi 61 95% 5.3
Manyoni 84 99% 6.5
Singida Rural 81 99% 4.8
Singida Urban 31 84% 5.0
Iramba 69 99% 9.7
Igunga 45 100% 28.9
Kishapu 21 91% 14.1
Shinyanga Urban 40 98% 14.1
Total Average * 896 95% 9.0
* excluding Households without farming from the analysis
Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey, 2008
Average Farm Size per Village Cluster (13 Districts)
3,5
8,6
11,98,9
5,5 5,3 6,54,8 5,0
9,7
28,9
14,1 14,1
9,0
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
Iringa
Urb
an
Iringa
Rura
l
Mpw
apw
a
Cham
win
o
Dodo
ma
Urb
anBah
i
Man
yoni
Singid
a Rura
l
Singid
a Urb
an
Iram
ba
Igung
a
Kis
hapu
Shinya
nga Urb
an
Total M
ean
District Village Cluster
Mean
Acre
s p
er
Farm
Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey, 2008
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 3.4: Total Village Population located in the Project Area
Region District Ward Village Male Female Total
Iringa Iringa Urban Ruaha Igumbilo 1050 1250 2300
Iringa Rural Nduli Igilinganyi* 700 813 1513
Nduli 1800 2200 4000
Mkungugu 792 961 1753
Kising'a 500 1000 1500
Izazi Izazi 986 1360 2246
Makatapola 1821 1761 4553
Kihorogota Ndolela 420 496 916
Kihogorota 700 874 1574
Isimani Tarafani Isimani Tarafani 870 1055 1925
Nyang'oro Nyang'oro 897 1020 1923
Kigonzile Kigonzile 771 821 1592
Migori Mtera -Migori 3135 3350 6485
Dodoma Mpwapwa Mlunduzi Seluka 1347 1554 2901
Rudi Mtera staff 3048 3175 6223
Mlunduzi Chipogoro 3200 3328 6528
Rudi Kisima 2900 3220 6120
Chamwino Fufu Fufu 1038 1298 2336
Manzase Manzase 2700 4300 7000
Makangwa Mloda 2608 2715 5323
Makangwa Mlowa Barabarani 3816 4016 7832
Dodoma Urban Mpunguzi Nkulabi 2215 3635 5850
Mpunguzi 4020 4189 8209
Matumbulu 2167 3178 5345
Nala Nala 2046 3063 5109
Chigongwe 2300 3089 5380
Mkonze Michese 3780 4220 8000
Mkonze 4312 4570 8882
Bahi Bahi Uhelela 980 1074 2054
Bahi Sokoni 4779 5072 9851
Mpamantwa Mpamantwa 1676 2864 4543
Ibihwa Ibihwa 2829 3249 6078
Singida Manyoni Solya Solya 536 727 1263
Manyoni Manyoni Mjini (Kaloleni & Mitoo
Chini)
931 1109 2040
Muhalala 1323 1451 2774
Sasajila Chibumagwa 1567 2460 4027
Maweni Maweni 1193 1341 2544
Chikuyu Chikuyu 1782 2215 3997
Mitoo juu 270 367 637
Mkwese 1,323 1,451 2,774
Kitinku Lusilile 1877 2109 3986
Singida Rural Puma Puma 1613 1827 3440
Isalanda 381 504 883
Utaho 891 913 1804
Nkunikana 966 2046 3012
Issuna Nkuhi 1487 1512 2999
Choda 500 550 1050
Issuna B 2320 2500 4520
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Region District Ward Village Male Female Total
Issuna A 1188 1214 2402
Ikungi Ulyampiti 1043 1048 2091
Ikungi 2010 2319 4329
Muungano 633 637 1270
Msisi Mnung'una 634 698 1332
Msisi 1055 1115 2170
Ntondo 980 1030 2010
Nkwae 1003 1160 2163
Unyamikumbi Kisaki 1320 1716 3036
Dunguaji Kipumbwiko 1090 1004 2094
Ikungi Ighuka 1103 1100 2203
Kinyeto Mkimbii 1100 1600 2700
Mungumaji Mungumaji 1511 1701 3272
Singida Urban Mtipa Mtipa 1529 1719 3248
Manga 1018 2232 3250
Majengo Misuna 650 770 1720
Kipungua 380 404 774
Unyambwa Unyambwa 1584 1816 3400
Iramba Kyengege Mgundu 830 912 1742
Kyengege 1068 1900 2968
Shelui Nselembwa 4392 5031 9423
Mseko 1968 2036 4004
Kizongo 1649 1824 3473
Ulemo Kitukutu 1354 1450 2804
Misigiri 1700 2960 4660
Shelui Kibigiri 1737 1946 3683
Iguguno Tumuli 1443 1745 3188
Iguguno 4065 4469 8534
Ulemo Ulemo 1392 1548 3840
Kinampanda Maluga 1064 1596 2660
Tabora Igunga Mwanashimba Mwanakoma 834 862 1696
Imalanguzi 1024 1430 2454
Mbutu Bukama 1500 1555 3055
Mbutu 3219 3510 6729
Igunga Mgongoro 1925 2300 4225
Makomero 1897 1961 3858
Igurubi 3250 3520 6770
Shin-
yanga
Kishapu Ukenyenge Mwajiginya 906 930 1836
Negezi 916 954 1870
Mwaweja 711 824 1535
Ngofilo Katitu 462 770 1232
Taraga Nguga 1391 1422 2813
Kiloleli Kiloleli 1463 1545 3008
Shinyanga Ur-
ban
Kolandoto Mwamagunguli 1357 1934 3291
Ibadakuli Ibadakuli 2123 2889 5012
Sources: Population and Housing Census, 2002
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 3.5: Social and Cultural Infrastructures in the concerned Villages
D
istr
ict
Villa
ge
Pri
mary
sch
oo
l
Seco
nd
ary
S
ch
oo
l
Vo
cati
on
al
Tra
inin
g C
en
tre
Healt
h C
en
tre
Relig
ion
in
f.
Pu
bli
c
Villa
ge b
uil
din
g
Mark
et
Po
lice
Pri
so
n
As
so
cia
tio
n
bu
ild
ing
Cem
ete
ry
Iringa Mu-
nicipal
Igumbilo 1 0 0 1 6 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
Total 1 0 0 1 6 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
Iringa Rural Kigonzile 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nduli 1 1 0 1 8 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
Igingilanyi 1 0 0 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Mkungugu 1 0 0 0 8 1 12 4
Kising'a 1 0 0 1 9 1 2 0 0 0 0 3
Isimani Ta-
rafani
1 0 0 0 7 2 2 1 0 0 1 1
Ndolela 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 4
Kihorogota 1 0 0 0 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 2
Nyang'oro 1 0 0 1 5 5
Izazi 1 0 1 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Migori- Mtera 1 1 1 1 10 2 2 0 1 0 2 2
Makatapora 1 1 0 0 9 0 1 0 0 0 1 4
Total 12 3 3 5 76 7 24 1 1 0 6 28
Mpwapwa Mtera 2 1 0 2 10 7 0 0 1 0 1 1
Kisima 3 0 0 1 16 0 9 0 0 0 0 11
Chipogoro 2 1 0 1 7 1 3 1 1 0 1 5
Seluka 1 0 0 1 4 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
Total 8 2 0 5 37 8 13 1 2 0 3 18
Chamwino Fufu 1 1 0 1 4 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
Manzase 2 1 0 1 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Mloda 1 0 0 1 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 3
Mlowa Bara-
barani
3 1 0 1 14 0 5 1 0 0 1 4
Total 7 3 0 4 32 0 8 2 0 0 1 8
Dodoma
Urban
Nkulabi 1 0 0 1 15 0 7 0 0 0 0 4
Mpunguzi 2 1 0 1 14 0 1 1 0 0 0 3
Mantumbulu 2 0 0 1 15 0 3 0 0 0 0 0
Mkonze 1 1 0 1 9 0 1 0 0 0 0 2
Michese 1 0 0 0 6 0 2 2 0 0 0 0
Nala 2 1 0 1 5 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
Chigongwe 3 0 0 1 8 1 0 0 0 0 1 2
Total 12 3 0 6 72 2 14 4 0 0 1 12
Bahi Ibihwa 2 1 0 1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Mpamantwa 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Bahi Sokoni 3 1 0 1 7 0 3 0 0 0 0 4
Uhelela 1 0 0 0 2 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Total 7 3 0 3 19 0 14 0 0 0 0 5
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Dis
tric
t
Vil
lag
e
Pri
mary
sch
oo
l
Seco
nd
ary
S
ch
oo
l
Vo
cati
on
al
Tra
inin
g C
en
tre
He
alt
h C
en
tre
Relig
ion
in
f.
Pu
blic
Vil
lag
e b
uild
ing
Mark
et
Po
lice
Pri
so
n
Asso
cia
tio
n
bu
ild
ing
Cem
ete
ry
Manyoni Lusilile 1 0 1 2 4 2 1 0 0 0 1 3
Maweni 1 0 0 1 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
Chikuyu 2 1 0 5 0 8 0 1 1 2 3
Chibumagwa 1 1 0 1 4 0 4 0 0 0 0 3
Solya 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 2
Muhalala 1 0 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Manyoni Mjini 2 2 0 2 6 1 1 1 0 1 0 2
Mitoo juu 1 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mkwese 2 2 1 1 12 2 1 0 0 0 1 2
Total 12 6 2 8 46 5 20 1 1 2 5 16
Singida Ru-
ral
Choda 1 0 0 1 6 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
Isuna A 2 0 1 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
Isuna B 2 1 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Nkuhi 2 0 0 1 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Ulyampiti 1 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Muungano 1 1 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Ikungi 1 1 0 1 7 3 1 1 0 0 0 1
Ighuka 1 1 0 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Kipumbwiko 1 1 0 0 6 1 6 0 0 0 1 1
Nkunikana 1 1 0 0 7 0 2 1 0 0 0 0
Puma 1 1 0 1 8 0 1 0 1 0 0 3
Isalanda 0 0 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 0 1 1
Utaho 1 1 0 0 12 0 2 0 0 0 0 0
Kisaki 2 1 0 0 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Mnung'una 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Msisi 1 1 0 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 0 0
Nkwae 1 0 0 1 4 0 2 0 0 0 0 1
Ntondo 1 0 0 1 4 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
Total 21 10 1 8 100 6 32 4 1 0 2 9
Singida Ur-
ban
Kipungua 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misuna 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
Mungumaji 3 1 0 1 13 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Unyambwa 1 0 0 1 11 0 1 1 1 0 1 0
Mkimbii 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
Mtipa 1 1 0 1 7 0 3 1 0 0 1 0
Manga 1 1 0 1 8 0 2 1 0 0 0 0
Total 9 5 0 4 42 1 8 3 2 0 3 0
Iramba Iguguno 1 1 1 1 10 4 2 1 1 0 0 3
Tumuli 1 1 0 0 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Maluga 1 1 0 1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Kyengege 1 1 0 1 8 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
Mgundu 1 0 0 0 5 0 3 0 0 0 1 1
Kitukutu 1 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 2 0
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Dis
tric
t
Vil
lag
e
Pri
mary
sch
oo
l
Seco
nd
ary
S
ch
oo
l
Vo
cati
on
al
Tra
inin
g C
en
tre
He
alt
h C
en
tre
Relig
ion
in
f.
Pu
blic
Vil
lag
e b
uild
ing
Mark
et
Po
lice
Pri
so
n
Asso
cia
tio
n
bu
ild
ing
Cem
ete
ry
Ulemo 1 0 0 1 4 0 2 1 0 0 0 3
Misigiri 3 1 0 1 7 0 4 0 1 0 0 0
Kibigiri 1 0 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
Nselembwe 3 1 0 1 14 3 2 2 1 0 1 0
Kizonzo 2 0 0 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Mseko 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 2
Total 17 6 1 6 75 8 26 4 3 0 5 12
Igunga Mgongoro 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Makomero 1 0 0 1 7 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
Mbutu 1 1 0 1 8 1 2 0 0 0 1 1
Bukama 1 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Imalanguzi 1 0 0 0 3 0 7 0 0 0 0 1
Mwamakona 1 0 0 1 3 4 1 1 0 0 1 0
Igurubi 2 1 0 1 8 0 1 0 1 1 1 4
Total 8 2 0 4 39 5 15 1 1 1 4 8
Kishapu Kalitu 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
Kiloleli 1 1 0 1 3 0 2 0 0 0 2 0
Mwaweja 1 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 3 0
Mwajiginya 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Negezi 1 1 1 1 3 0 2 0 1 1 0 1
Ngunga 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 2 0
Total 6 2 1 2 13 2 7 0 1 1 9 1
Shinyanga
Municipal
Mwamagunguli 2 1 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Ibadakuli 1 1 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 0 1 0
Total 3 2 0 2 13 0 3 0 0 0 1 0
GRAND TOTAL 123 47 8 58 570 44 185 22 12 4 40 118
Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008
Out of these 1231 Infrastructures, only 7 will be affected by the new line (with line routing alternatives)
which is less than 1%.
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 3.6: Energy and Water Sources Available in the Villages along the Transmission Line
Region District Village Energy Type Water Sources
Iringa Iringa Urban Igurubi Electricity From TANESCO Tap water
Iringa Rural Igingilanyi Electricity From TANESCO Boreholes / Tap water
Nduli Electricity From TANESCO Wells
Mkungugu Diesel Generator/Solar Boreholes/dam
Kising'a Diesel Generator/Solar Tap water/ Wells
Izazi Diesel Generator Tap water/ Boreholes
Makatapola Electricity From TANESCO River/ Boreholes
Ndolela no source of Electricity Tap water
Kihogorota no source of Electricity Tap water
Isimani Tarafani no source of Electricity Tap water
Nyang'oro Diesel Generator Tap water
Kigonzile Diesel Generator Wells /River
Mtera -Migori Electricity From TANESCO Tap water
Dodoma Mpwapwa Seluka Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/ Tap water
Mtera staff Electricity From TANESCO Boreholes/ River
Chipogoro Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Boreholes/dam
Kisima Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/Boreholes
Chamwino Fufu Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells
Manzase Solar Panels/ Biomass Wells
Mloda Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels River, Lakes
Mlowa Barabarani Diesel Generator/ Biomass Wells/ Boreholes
Dodoma Ur-
ban
Nkulabi Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/ Dam
Mpunguzi Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/ Boreholes
Matumbulu Diesel Generator/ Biomass Wells/ Boreholes
Nala Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells
Chigongwe Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/River
Michese Diesel Generator/ Biomass Wells
Mkonze No Electricity Tap water/River, Lakes
Bahi Uhelela Diesel Generator Wells /River
Bahi Sokoni Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/ Boreholes
Mpamantwa Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells
Ibihwa No of Electricity Boreholes
Singida Manyoni Solya Diesel Generator Boreholes
Manyoni Mjini (Kaloleni
& Mitoo chini
Electricity From TANESCO Tap water
Muhalala No electricity Wells/ Boreholes
Chibumagwa Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/ Boreholes
Maweni Diesel Generator Wells/ Boreholes
Chikuyu Diesel Generator Wells/ Boreholes
Mitoo-juu No Electricity Wells
Mkwese Diesel Generator Wells / Borehole / Tap
water
Lusilile Diesel Generator/Solar panel Boreholes
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Region District Village Energy Type Water Sources
Singida Rural Puma Electricity From TANESCO Boreholes
Isalanda Electricity From TANESCO Boreholes
Utaho Electricity From TANESCO Wells/ River
Nkunikana No Electricity Wells/ Boreholes
Nkuhi Diesel Generator River/ Tap water
Choda Solar Panels Wells
Issuna B Electricity From TANESCO / Die-
sel Generator
Wells
Issuna A No of electricity Wells /Boreholes
Ulyampiti no source of electricity Boreholes
Ikungi Electricity From TANESCO Tap water
Muungano no electricity Wells
Mnung'una no electricity Boreholes
Msisi Electricity From TANESCO River, Lakes
Ntondo no electricity Boreholes
Nkwae no electricity River, Lakes
Kisaki no electricity Wells/Boreholes
Kipumbwiko Diesel Generator Wells/Boreholes
Ighuka Diesel Generator Wells/ Boreholes
Singida Ur-
ban
Mtipa Diesel Generator Wells/Boreholes
Manga Diesel Generator Tap water
Mkimbii Diesel Generator Wells/Boreholes
Mungumaji Diesel Generator Wells/Boreholes
Misuna no electricity Tap water
Kipungua no electricity River, Lakes
Unyambwa Diesel Generator Wells/ Boreholes
Iramba Mgundu Diesel Generator Wells /Boreholes
Kyengege Electricity From TANESCO Boreholes
Nselembwa no electricity Tap water
Mseko no electricity Wells
Kizonzo Solar Panels Depend on nearly village
Kitukutu No electricity Wells
Misigiri Diesel Generator River
Kibigiri No electricity Tap water
Tumuli Electric From TANESCO Tap water
Iguguno No electricity Wells/Tap water
Ulemo Micro Hydro Wells
Maluga Diesel Generator Boreholes
Tabora Igunga Mwanakoma No electricity River
Imalanguzi Diesel Generator/Solar Panels River, Wells
Bukama Diesel Generator River
Mbutu No electricity River
Mgongoro No electricity Wells
Makomero Diesel Generator/ Wells/ Boreholes
Igurubi Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels River
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Region District Village Energy Type Water Sources
Shin-
yanga
Kishapu Mwajiginya Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Boreholes, River
Negezi Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells
Mwaweja No electricity Rivers
Shinyanga
Urban
Ibadakuli TANESCO/Diesel Generator Boreholes
Kishapu Katitu Diesel Generator River, Lakes
Nguga no electricity River, Lakes
Kiloleli no electricity Wells
Shinyanga
Urban
Mwamagunguli no electricity Wells/ Boreholes
Diesel Generator Tap water
Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 3.7: District Average Annual Income per Household
Districts
Number of Responding
Households
Percentage of House-
holds Responding
Indicative Average Annual
Income per Household (TSh)
with Income statements only
Iringa Urban 9 69.2% 930,444
Iringa Rural 125 70.2% 1,115,340
Mpwapwa 82 88.2% 879,090
Chamwino 69 94.5% 942,174
Dodoma Urban 117 84.8% 768,863
Bahi 57 89.1% 704,188
Manyoni 72 84.7% 569,056
Singida Rural 71 86.6% 1,035,000
Singida Urban 30 81.1% 1,444,400
Iramba 64 91.4% 978,032
Igunga 43 95.6% 1,198,372
Kishapu 23 100.0% 1,144,861
Shinyanga Urban 38 92.7% 1,176,721
Average 800 84.9% 947,429
Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008
Annex 3.8: Education Level of Household Members
Education Level Percent
None 28.8
Primary school 35.0
Secondary 2.7
College 0.4
Technical/vocational 0.3
Attending primary school 24.7
Primary school dropout 2.6
Drop-out secondary 0.5
Attending secondary school 4.7
University 0.1
Adult Education 0.2
Nursery School 0.0
Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 3.9: Type of Houses Based on Wall Material per District (% of Houses)
District
Polls
and
mud
Sun-
dried
bricks
Burnt
bricks
Cement
blocks
Grass
and
mud
Cardboard/
cartons Stonewalls
Coconut
leaves/
Grass Timber Mud
Iringa Ur-
ban
46.2 15.4 38.5 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0
Iringa Ru-
ral
44.4 22.5 24.7 .0 0.6 .0 .0 0.6 .0 7.3
Mpwapwa 68.8 10.8 12.9 1.1 1.1 .0 .0 .0 .0 5.4
Cham-
wino
84.9 4.1 2.7 .0 1.4 .0 1.4 .0 1.4 4.1
Dodoma
Urban
59.4 29.0 0.7 6.5 2.2 0.7 .0 .0 .0 1.4
Bahi 26.6 62.5 6.3 1.6 1.6 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.6
Manyoni 32.9 54.1 5.9 1.2 1.2 .0 .0 .0 1.2 3.5
Singida
Rural
41.5 32.9 9.8 4.9 1.2 .0 .0 .0 .0 9.8
Singida
Urban
27.0 43.2 5.4 24.3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0
Iramba 30.0 54.3 12.9 1.4 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.4
Igunga 31.1 64.4 2.2 2.2 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0
Kishapu 34.8 60.9 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 4.3
Shin-
yanga Ur-
ban
19.5 70.7 4.9 4.9 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0
Total 45.9 35.5 10.1 3.1 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 3.9
Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 3.10: Type of Houses based on roofing materials per District (% of Houses)
District Grass
Grass
and
plastics
Corru-
gated
iron
sheets
Corru-
gated
sheets
and tiles Plastics Tiles
Con-
crete
Coconut
leaves
Tin or
metal
sheets
Grass
and mud
Iringa
Urban
16.5 .0 76.9 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 7.7 .0
Iringa
Rural
15.7 2.2 53.9 .6 .6 .0 .0 1.7 9.0 16.3
Mpwapw
a
10.8 1.1 30.1 .0 3.2 .0 .0 .0 1.1 53.8
Cham-
wino
39.7 1.4 15.1 4.1 4.1 .0 1.4 4.1 .0 30.1
Dodoma
Urban
5.8 .0 53.6 1.4 1.4 .0 .0 .0 2.9 34.8
Bahi 14.1 3.1 32.8 .0 4.7 .0 .0 .0 7.8 37.5
Manyoni 9.5 1.2 60.0 .0 3.5 .0 1.2 1.2 8.2 15.3
Singida
Rural
6.1 .0 53.7 .0 1.2 .0 .0 .0 8.5 30.5
Singida
Urban
2.7 .0 62.2 .0 2.7 2.7 .0 .0 13.5 16.2
Iramba 7.1 2.9 28.6 .0 7.1 .0 .0 .0 7.1 47.1
Igunga 17.8 .0 24.4 .0 4.4 .0 .0 .0 6.7 46.7
Kishapu 13.0 4.3 8.7 .0 13.0 .0 .0 .0 4.3 56.5
Shin-
yanga
Urban
17.1 .0 39.0 .0 2.4 .0 .0 .0 4.9 36.6
Total 13.0 1.3 43.2 0.6 3.0 0.1 0.2 0.7 6.1 31.7
Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008
Annex 3.11: Type of Houses based on Floor Material per District (% of Houses)
District Mud Cement Floor tiles Timber Mud and Cement
Cement and
Floor tiles
Iringa Urban 53.8 30.8 7.7 .0 7.7 .0
Iringa Rural 71.9 25.3 .6 .6 1.7 .0
Mpwapwa 87 11.8 2.2 .0 .0 .0
Chamwino 90.0 6.8 1.4 .0 1.4 .0
Dodoma Urban 69.6 29.0 .0 .0 1.4 .0
Bahi 79.7 17.2 1.6 1.6 .0 .0
Manyoni 68.2 29.4 1.2 .0 .0 1.2
Singida Rural 81.7 17.1 1.2 .0 .0 .0
Singida Urban 54.1 37.8 2.7 .0 .0 5.4
Iramba 84.3 12.9 2.9 .0 .0 .0
Igunga 91.1 8.9 .0 .0 .0 .0
Kishapu 95.7 4.3 .0 .0 .0 .0
Shinyanga Urban 73.2 24.4 2.4 .0 .0 .0
Total 76.9 20.5 1.3 0.2 0.7 0.3
Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 3.12: Type of Toilet Facilities per District (% of Facilities)
District Flush Toilet Pit latrine VIP Pit latrine None
Iringa Urban 7.7 92.3 0
Iringa Rural 2.2 1.7 95.5 0.6
Mpwapwa 1.1 0 98.9 0
Chamwino 0 0 100.0 0
Dodoma Urban 2.2 13.8 81.2 2.9
Bahi 4.7 4.7 90.6 0
Manyoni 5.9 4.7 89.4 0
Singida Rural 1.2 1.2 97.6 0
Singida Urban 18.9 2.7 78.4 0
Iramba 4.3 0 92.9 2.9
Igunga 11.1 0 86.7 2.2
Kishapu 17.4 0 82.6 0
Shinyanga Urban 14.6 0 85.4 0
Total 4.6 3.3 91.3 0.8
Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008
Annex 3.13: Main Energy Source Used per District (% of Households)
District Kerosene Candle Electricity Gas lamp Solar Energy Fuel wood
Iringa Urban 92.3 0 7.7 0 0 0
Iringa Rural 97.8 0.6 1.1 0 0.6 0
Mpwapwa 2.2 21.5 33.3 3.2 39.8
Chamwino 1.4 26.0 30.1 2.7 39.7
Dodoma Urban 98.6 1.4 0 0 0 0
Bahi 31.3 4.7 14.1 0 0 50.0
Manyoni 1.2 1.2 7.1 0 0 90.6
Singida Rural 100.0 0 0 0 0 0
Singida Urban 78.4 0 21.6 0 0 0
Iramba 94.3 0 5.7 0 0 0
Igunga 35.6 0 2.2 37.8 11.1 13.3
Kishapu 0 4.3 30.4 26.1 39.1
Shinyanga Urban 0 2.4 4.9 2.4 12.2 78.0
Total 57.2 5.1 9.1 3.0 2.0 23.6
Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 3.14: Main Source of Cooking Fuel per Project Area (% of Households)
District Fuel wood Charcoal
Other Bio-
mass Kerosene Gas Electricity
Iringa Urban 92.3 7.7 0 0 0 0
Iringa Rural 96.6 3.4 0 0 0 0
Mpwapwa 94.6 3.2 2.2 0 0
Chamwino 89.0 9.6 0 1.4 0
Dodoma Urban 84.8 14.5 0 0.7 0 0
Bahi 95.3 3.1 1.6 0 0 0
Manyoni 98.8 0 0 1.2
Singida Rural 86.6 13.4 0 0 0 0
Singida Urban 62.2 37.8 0 0 0 0
Iramba 92.9 5.7 0 1.4 0 0
Igunga 88.9 11.1 0 0 0
Kishapu 87.0 4.3 0 4.3 0 4.3
Shinyanga Urban 92.7 0 2.4 0 0 4.9
Total 90.9 6.8 1.3 0.5 0.1 0.4
Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008
Annex 3.15: Utilisation of Drinking Water Sources per Project Area (% of House-holds)
District
Pipe
inside
house
Pipe
outside
house
Communal
stand pipe River Stream Borehole
Covered
well
Uncovered
well Dam Spring
Iringa Urban 15.4 15.4 23.1 0 7.7 0 0 30.8 0 0
Iringa Rural 4.5 23.6 34.8 1 0 2.8 0 25.3 7.9 0
Mpwapwa 2.2 12.9 67.7 6.5 0 0 7.5 3.2 0
Chamwino 1.4 26.0 30.1 2.7 0 0 39.7 0 0
Dodoma Ur-
ban
4.3 7.2 13.0 3.6 3.6 9.4 1.4 57.2 0 0
Bahi 0 12.5 60.9 12.5 0 0 0 14.1 0 0
Manyoni 0 3.5 90.5 4.7 0 0 1.2
Singida Rural 0 4.9 36.6 0 0 19.5 2.4 32.9 3.7
Singida Urban 10.8 35.1 21.6 0 0 27.0 0 5.4 0 0
Iramba 2.9 7.1 2.9 2.9 0 50.0 0 31.4 1.4 1.4
Igunga 0 2.2 11.1 53.3 0 20.0 11.1 0
Kishapu 0 8.7 0 73.9 0 0 17.4 0
Shinyanga
Urban
2.4 2.4 2.4 0 0 82.9 0 0 7.3 2.4
Total 2.9 12.6 34.6 3.1 1.4 8.3 0.4 24.7 3.3 0.5
Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 4
Comparison of Tanzanian Law and World Bank Op 4.12 Regarding Compensation
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 4: Comparison of Tanzanian Law and World Bank Op 4.12 Regarding Compensation
Category of PAPs
and Types of Loss
of Assets
Tanzanian Law World Bank OP 4.12
Land Owners Cash compensation based upon market value under statute or Land for Land, distur-
bance and transport allowances, loss of profits or accommodation, cost of acquiring or
obtaining the said land, any other immediate costs or capital expenditure on the devel-
opment of the said land. Compensation must be prompt with delays incurring interest at
market rates.
Recommends land-for-land compensation.
Other compensation is at replacement cost.
Land Tenants Entitled to compensation based on the amount of rights they hold upon land under rele-
vant laws. Illegal tenants not entitled to compensation
PAPS are entitled to some form of compen-
sation regardless of the nature of their occu-
pancy (legal/illegal)
Land Users • In some cases land users have some form of secured tenure extended to them un-
der new laws. In other cases land users are not entitled to compensation for land.
• Entitled to compensation for crops and any other economic assets.
• Land for Land
Entitled to compensation for crops, may be
entitled to replacement land and income must
be restored to at least pre-project levels.
Owners of Tempo-
rary Buildings
Cash compensation based on valuation, disturbance allowance or entitled to new
equivalent structure based on market value.
Entitled to in-kind compensation or cash
compensation at full replacement cost includ-
ing labor and relocation expenses, prior to
displacement.
Owners of Perma-
nent buildings
Cash Compensation is based on market value or cost of putting up equivalent structure
at the time of valuation. Disturbance allowance.
Entitled to in-kind compensation or cash
compensation at full replacement cost includ-
ing labor and relocation expenses, prior to
displacement.
Perennial Crops Cash compensation at market value based upon historical records. Rates for each crop
established by the Valuation Division in Ministry of Lands and Human Settlements.
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 5
Routing Alternatives
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 5: Routing Alternatives
AT
km
length
of lin
e**
*
houses
affecte
d
oth
er
valu
able
str
uctu
res
affecte
d
cro
pla
nd
settle
ment
fore
st /
woodla
nd
valu
able
habitats
Change o
f
tow
ers
Way leave
are
a
Lin
e lenght
Houses
Oth
er
assets
Tota
l
old 3,6 1,6 0,7 0,4
new -3 0,1 -6 1,6 0,2 0,2 -230 1 35 -18 0 -212
old 25,7 0 4,5 1,7 1,5
new -2 -13,3 -166 1,9 410 -14 -4.655 -498 0 -4.757
old 12,5 WB, PC, WT 1,7
new -1 0,8 -21 0,5 0,4 -80 6 280 -63 -160 -17
old 16,2 Ch, Mi, SS * 1,3
new 1,8 -85 1,8 70 10 613 -255 -50 387
old 8,0 WT 2,2 1,8
new 0,6 -44 1,1 140 4 210 -132 -50 172
old 27,8 Di 7,8 9,9 0,4
new -3,8 -88 9,5 4,7 0,6 50 -5 -1.365 -264 -50 -1.634
old 20,4 PS, SS 20,4 20,4
new 0,3 -56 ? ? 0 1 105 -168 -450 -512
Sum recommended alternatives -6 -13,6 -466 360 2 -4.778 -1.398 -760 -6.573
LegendCh Church average land /ha 200 Church 20.000
Di Dispensary average house 3.000 Dispensary 50.000new Mi Mission normal tower 50.000 Primary court 10.000
** PC Primary court AT < = 30° 80.000 Primary school 150.000
PS Primary school AT > 30-60° 150.000 Second. school 300.000
SS * Secondary school (teachers houses) AT > 60° 250.000 Water tower 50.000
*** WB Weighbridge 1 km line 350.000 Weighbridge 100.000
WT Water tower add. for long spans 1.200.000 Teachers house 10.000
5
line routing as accepted by
TANESCOproposed line routing alternative
Alternative developed with respect
to the Masterplan for the
Development of the District Capital
old
6
7
old: lenght old line; new: difference
new line - old line
Makatapora-Mtera
Singida S/S-Manga
Nala
Kitusha-Kizaga
Bahi **
Puma-Isalanda
1
2
3
4
Altern
ative
Changes of structures
Area / villages
concerned
Igumbilo
Estimated Costs / Savings (TEUR)
Land cover / land use
(km length of line)
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 6
Coordinates of Routing Alternatives
400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Annex 6: Coordinates of Routing Alternatives
1 Igumbilo S/S 801,030 9,138,070 Gantry
A1 35° 800,960 9,138,200 new AT
A2 80° 800,960 9,138,920 new AT
A3 40° 802,740 9,139,230 new AT
A4 40° 803,020 9,139,580 new AT
T12 802,900 9,141,200 next AT
2 T196 802,000 9,205,500 last AT
T231 10° 814,600 9,211,100 old AT, angle changed
A1 20° 817,650 9,213,250 new AT
A2 15° 818,300 9,214,950 new AT
T295 824,900 9,217,200 old AT, angle changed
T300 826,400 9,218,700 next AT
3 Nala T7 795,900 9,316,200 last AT
T23 795,100 9,322,900 old AT changed to T
A 55° 794,700 9,325,000 new AT, in line T7-T23
T54 30° 784,900 9,330,000 old AT, angle changed
T63 781,100 9,330,100 next AT
4 Bahi T83 774,200 9,334,200 last AT
T113 50° 762,400 9,334,300 old AT, angle changed
A 55° 758,500 9,345,000 new AT
T151 50° 749,100 9,346,200 old AT, angle changed
T154 748,300 9,345,900 next AT
5 T458 695,900 9,438,100 last AT
T475 45° 695,200 9,444,900 old T changed to AT
B 45° 697,000 9,447,600 new AT
T496 5° 696,200 9,452,800 old AT, angle changed
T510 695,800 9,458,200 next AT
6 T1 695,000 9,464,900 last AT
T7 75° 696,850 9,464,800 new AT W of T7
A1 40° 700,200 9,473,700 new AT
A2 40° 699,800 9,474,600 new AT
T42 35° 689,400 9,479,400 old AT, angle changed
T106 672,100 9,498,000 next AT
7 T115 670,000 9,500,400 last AT
T136 35° 667,050 9,509,250 new AT, in line T115-132
T147 20° 663,200 9,512,400 new AT
T157 20° 659,000 9,513,900 new AT
T170 25° 653,000 9,513,900 new AT
T180 15° 650,000 9,515,000 new AT
T197 643,000 9,516,400 next AT
Singida S/S-
Manga
Puma-Isalanda
Kitusha-Kizaga
Makatapora-
Mtera
An
gle
UTM Coordinates
ETow
ers
Alternative AnnotationsN
Planning conflicts
between Ministry of
Education and
Municipal Iringa have
been resolved
Crossing of water
reserve area (400 m),
further investi-gations
/ negotia-tions with
water authority
necessary
Remarks
No conflict with Bahi
Municipal Master Plan
No connection to S/S
Mtera, overspanning
Lake Mtera for 1000
m + 600 m
Legend:
• Old T / AT tower position originally accepted by TANESCO
• New T / AT new tower position ofalternatvies proposed.