Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limiteddocuments.worldbank.org/curated/en/285231468132878890/pdf/RP089… · • Prof. Palamagamba KABUDI: Environmental Law and Regulations • Ms

Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited

400 kV Power Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga Resettlement Policy Framework – Revised on July 2010

Prepared by:

Norsk-Data-Strasse 1

61352 Bad Homburg v.d.H., Germany

Tel: +49-6172-9460-108

Fax: +49-6172-9460-20

eMail: [email protected]

Institute of Resource Assessment P.O. Box 35097

Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Tel: +255-22-2410144

Fax: +255-22-2410393

eMail: [email protected]

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Typewritten Text

RP890 rev

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Declaration

The following individuals prepared this RPF Report:

• Ulrich OTTEN, Socio-economist and Resettlement (RPF Team Leader)

• Dr. Herbert HANKE: Environmental Assessment / ESIA Team Leader

• Dr. Claude Gasper MUNG'ONG'O: Resettlement Action Plan (RPF)

• Ms. Beatrice MCHOME: Public Consultations and Participation (RPF)

• Prof. Palamagamba KABUDI: Environmental Law and Regulations

• Ms. Zubeda KICHAWELE -Social Surveys

• Mr. C. MSONGANZILA-Social Surveys

• Mr. Alexander CHAMBI -Social Surveys

• Mr. Florian SILANGWA -Social Surveys

• Mr. Emmanuel HANAI -Social Surveys

• Ms. Zaina KIJAZI -Social Surveys


Table of Contents Page

0. Executive Summary 1

0.1 Introduction 1 0.2 Project Description 1 0.3 Potential Impacts 1 0.4 Objectives of the Resettlement Action Plan 2 0.5 Socio-Economic Aspects 3 0.6 Legal and Policy Framework 3 0.7 Institutional Framework 4 0.8 Eligibility and Entitlement 4 0.9 Community Participation and Consultation 5 0.10 Grievance Mechanisms 5 0.11 Implementation Arrangements 5 0.12 Monitoring and Evaluation 6

1. Introduction 7

1.1 Project Background 7 1.2 Project Rationale 7 1.3 Disclosure of the Resettlement Action Plan 8 1.4 Structure of the Resettlement Plan 8

2. Project Description 9

2.1 Project Location 9 2.1.1 Iringa -Dodoma Section 9 2.1.2 Dodoma - Singida Section 10 2.1.3 Singida - Shinyanga Section 10

2.2 RAP Concerning Project Activities 17 2.2.1 Mobilization Phase 17 2.2.2 Construction Phase 17 2.2.3 Operation Phase 18 2.2.4 Decommissioning 18

3. Potential Impacts 19

3.1 Project Components Leading to Resettlement 19 3.1.1 Wayleave Corridor 19 3.1.2 Substations 20 3.1.3 Work Camps 20 3.1.4 Access Roads 20

3.2 Type of Expected Impacts 21 3.2.1 Loss of Productive Land and Resources 21 3.2.2 Loss of Settlement Structures and Shelter 23 3.2.3 Loss of Income Sources or Means of Livelihood 23 3.2.4 Loss of Community and Public Structures 23 3.2.5 Loss of Cultural and Archaeological Property 25

4. Objectives of the Resettlement Plan 26

5. Socio-Economic Characteristics 27

5.1 Overview 27



5.2 Iringa Region 27 5.2.1 Iringa Municipality 27 5.2.2 Iringa Rural District 28

5.3 Dodoma Region 29 5.3.1 Mpwapwa District 29 5.3.2 Chamwino District 30 5.3.3 Dodoma Municipality 31 5.3.4 Bahi District 32

5.4 Singida Region 33 5.4.1 Manyoni District 33 5.4.2 Singida Rural District 34 5.4.3 Singida Municipality 35 5.4.4 Iramba District 37

5.5 Tabora Region 37 5.5.1 Igunga District 37

5.6 Shinyanga Region 38 5.6.1 Kishapu District 38 5.6.2 Shinyanga Municipality 39

5.7 Socioeconomic Characteristics of the Affected Population 40 5.7.1 Demographic Characteristics 40 5.7.2 Migration Patterns 40 5.7.3 Educational Levels 41 5.7.4 Water Supply 42 5.7.5 Health Services and Other Support Infrastructure 42 5.7.6 Transport 43 5.7.7 Energy Use 43 5.7.8 Land Tenure and Use 44 5.7.9 Housing Conditions 44 5.7.10 Economy 45 5.7.11 Willingness to Relocate 47

6. Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework 48

6.1 National Policies 48 6.1.1 National Environment Policy (NEP) (1997) 48 6.1.2 National Forest Policy, 1998 48 6.1.3 The Mineral Policy of Tanzania, 1997 49 6.1.4 National Land Policy, 1997 49 6.1.5 Water Policy, 2002 50 6.1.6 National Energy Policy, 2003 51 6.1.7 Wildlife Policy of Tanzania, 2007 51 6.1.8 National Human Settlements Development Policy, 2000 52 6.1.9 The Tanzania Development Vision, 2000 52 6.1.10 The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty

(NSGRP) 52 6.1.11 The Agriculture and Livestock Policy, 1997 53

6.2 The World Bank Safeguard Policies 53 6.3 Legal Framework 54

6.3.1 Environmental Management Act No. 20 of 2004 -Cap 191 54 6.3.2 The Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations,



2005 54 6.3.3 Forest Act, 2002 55 6.3.4 Wildlife Conservation Act, 1974 56 6.3.5 The Land Act, 1999 56 6.3.6 Village Land Act No. 5 of 1999 58 6.3.7 The Land Regulation, 2001 58 6.3.8 The Land Disputes Courts Act No. 2 of 2002 59 6.3.9 The Local Government Act No. 9 of 1982 59 6.3.10 Land Use and Spatial Planning 60 6.3.11 The Land Acquisition Act of 1967 60

6.4 International Agreements and Conventions 60 6.5 Institutional Framework 61

7. Resettlement and Social Mitigation Measures 62

7.1 Eligibility 62 7.2 Categories of Project Affected People 62 7.3 Resettlement and Compensation Entitlements 63

7.3.1 Determination of Entitlements 63 7.3.2 Compensation for the Loss of Residential and Productive Land 63 7.3.3 Compensation for the Loss of Houses and Other Structures 64 7.3.4 Compensation for the Loss of Standing Crops 64 7.3.5 Removal of Graves and Cultural Properties 65 7.3.6 People Affected by Unforeseen Construction Damages and Losses 65

7.4 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) 65 7.5 Grievance Mechanisms 65 7.6 Overview of Mitigation Measures 66 7.7 Route Selection 66 7.8 Land Use 67 7.9 Restoration of Livelihoods 67 7.10 Infrastructure and Services 67 7.11 Cultural Sites 68

8. Community Participation and Consultations 69

8.1 Consultative Strategy 69 8.2 The Consultative Process 69

8.2.1 Stakeholder Identification and Methods of Participation 69 8.2.2 Methods of Stakeholder Participation 70 8.2.3 Notification to Stakeholders 70 8.2.4 Household Interviews 70 8.2.5 Village Public Meetings 70 8.2.6 Official Meetings with Village Leaders 71 8.2.7 Meetings with Districts Officials 71 8.2.8 Consultations with Other Relevant Stakeholders 71

8.3 Summary of Stakeholder Issues and Concerns 71

9. Institutions and Implementation Arrangements 75

9.1 Overview of Relevant Institutions 75 9.1.1 TANESCO (The Project Proponent) 75 9.1.2 Ministry of Land and Human Settlement Development 75



9.1.3 Local Governments 76 9.1.4 National Environment Management Council (NEMC) 76

9.2 Site Selection, Preparation and Relocation 76 9.2.1 Site Selection 76 9.2.2 Financial and Economic Analysis 76 9.2.3 Land Acquisition 77 9.2.4 Movement 77 9.2.5 Integration with Host Populations 77 9.2.6 Housing, infrastructure, and Social Services 77

9.3 Institutional Arrangements 77 9.4 Activities and Responsibilities 78

9.4.1 Transmission Line Definition 78 9.4.2 Compensation Process Preparation Phase 78 9.4.3 Resettlement Process Preparation Phase 78

10. Monitoring and Evaluation 79

10.1 Overview 79 10.2 General Objectives and Evaluation Monitoring 79 10.3 Evaluation Objectives 79

10.3.1 Internal Monitoring and Evaluation 79 10.3.2 External Monitoring and Evaluation 80

10.4 Monitoring Objectives 80 10.5 Conclusion 80

11. Indicative Resettlement Cost 82

12. References 83

List of Tables

Table 2-1: Regions, Districts and Villages along the Line

Table 3-1: Land Loss for Settlements and Agriculture

Table 3-2: Affected Infrastructures

Table 5-1: Educational Status of the Heads of Households in the Line Corridor

Table 5-2: Average Annual Household Income by District

Table 11-1: Indicative Cost Estimation for RAP ("resettlement budget")


List of Figures

Figure 2-1: Proposed Power Transmission Line Route - Iringa - Shinyanga

Figure 2-2: Proposed Route Map for Iringa - Dodoma Section

Figure 2-3: Route Map for Dodoma - Singida Section

Figure 2-4: Route Map for Singida - Shinyanga Section

Figure 2-5: Overview of the Line Corridor Sections with Wayleave Alternatives

Figure 3-1: Size of the Way-Leave

Figure 5-1: Mungumaji Dispensary, one of the Health Facilities in Singida (no longer affected after

rerouting)

Figure 5-2: Percentage of Population per District Cluster Born Outside of Villages

Figure 5-3: Tumuli Secondary School in Iramba District (within the wayleave)

Figure 5-4: Common Types of Houses Found Along the Proposed Line Kizonzo Village

Figure 5-5: Average Annual Income of Households with Income Statements

List of Annexes

Annex 1 Stakeholder Consultation

Annex 1.1: People Consulted

Annex 1.2: Summary of Stakeholder's Views and Concerns

Annex 2: Land Use and Agro-Physical Characteristics along the Transmission Line Corridor

Annex 3: Socio-Economic Characteristics of Affected Population and Infrastructure

Annex 3-1: Number of Affected Buildings Before/After Transmission Line Re-routing

Annex 3.2: Number of Affected Buildings Before / After Transmission Line Re-routing

per District and Transmission Line Section

Annex 3.3: Average Land Size Cultivated per Household along the Proposed Line

Annex 3.4: Total Village Population located in the Project Area

Annex 3.5: Social and Cultural Infrastructures in the concerned Villages

Annex 3.6: Energy and Water Sources Available in the Villages along the Transmission

Line

Annex 3.7: District Average Annual Income per Household

Annex 3.8: Education Level of Household Members

Annex 3.9: Type of Houses based on Wall Material per District (% of Houses)

Annex 3.10: Type of Houses based on roofing materials per District (% of Houses)

Annex 3.11: Type of Houses based on Floor Material per District (% of Houses)

Annex 3.12: Type of Toilet Facilities per District (% of Facilities)

Annex 3.13: Main Energy Source Used per District (% of Households)

Annex 3.14: Main source of cooking fuel per Project Area (% of Households)

Annex 3.15: Utilisation of Drinking Water Sources per Project Area (% of Households)

Annex 4: Comparison of Tanzania Law and World Bank Op 4.12 Regarding Compensation

Annex 5: Routing Alternatives

Annex 6: Coordinates of Routing Alternatives


List of Abbreviations/Acronyms

ARI Acute Respiratory Infection

AT Angle Tower

CBD The Convention on Biological Diversity

CITES The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and

Flora

CMS Conservation of Migratory Species

DECON Deutsche Energie-Consult Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH

DED District Executive Director

DMO District Medical Officer

DNRO District National Resources Officer

DOE Director of Environment

DPLO District Planning Officer

EA Environmental Assessment

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EIS Environmental Impact Statement

EMA Environmental Management Act

ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan

FR Forest Reserve

GDP Gross Domestic Product

IFC International Finance Cooperation

IRA Institute of Resource Assessment

kV Kilo Volt

LHS Left Hand Side

MAFSC Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives

MDG Millennium Development Goal

MKUKUTA Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kuondoa Umasikini Tanzania

MLHS Ministry of Land and Human Settlement

MNRT Ministry of Natural Resource and Tourism

NEMC National Environment Management Council

NEP National Environment Policy

NFP National Forest Policy

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

NHSDP National Human Settlements Development Policy

NSGRP National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty

OD Operational Directives

OP Operational Policies

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Authority

PMU Project Management Unit

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

RHS Right Hand Side

RoW Right of Way

RPF Resettlement Policy Framework

T Tower


TANESCO Tanzania Electric Supply Company

TANROADS Tanzania National Road Development Agency

TRC Technical Review Committee

TTCL Tanzania Telecommunication Company Limited

URT United Republic of Tanzania

VPO Vice President's Office

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0. Executive Summary

0.1 Introduction

TANESCO is preparing a project to reinforce its existing 220kV transmission line from Iringa to Shin-

yanga via Dodoma, Singida and Tabora Regions. The proposed project will include the construction of

670 km of 400 kV electrical power transmission line.

The objective of the project is to improve the power supply in the north-western part of the country.

The project also intends to reduce the duration and frequency of power interruptions to the northern

regions, improve voltage conditions at consumer's premises, reduce power system losses in the

northern regions, increase customers, and improve the power line capabilities for smooth power trans-

fer to the Lake Zone and beyond. The most critical point in respect of socio-economic issues in this

context is the compensation of third party properties and interests along the wayleave.

This Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for the 400 kV Transmission Line has the objective of en-

suring that the project affected people (PAP) are compensated according to the existing Laws and

Regulations of the United Republic of Tanzania governing compensation for any loss of productive

land, structures or other properties and World Bank OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement, as a result of

land acquisition for the transmission line wayleave corridor.

0.2 Project Description

The project aims at the acquisition of a wayleave corridor land for the construction of a 400 kV trans-

mission line in three sections Iringa - Dodoma, Dodoma - Singida and Singida - Shinyanga.

Most sections of the proposed project are expected to run parallel to the existing 220 kV line, with only

minor variations in areas where alternative alignments have been developed due to topographical

conditions.

0.3 Potential Impacts

The following are the main types of expected impacts leading to economic losses and/or physical dis-

placements and resettlement.

Loss of residential and productive land and resources

Since no buildings will be permitted within the wayleave, about 150 ha of potential settlement area will

be lost. A few areas will be sandwiched between linear infrastructures thus reducing the value for the

construction of residential houses.

The proposed power transmission line will also result in loss of land for agriculture and grazing from

clearings to allow for the construction of the towers, the lines and the access roads which may remain

operative for a number of months.

No major threats will be posed to livelihoods, as most people in the project area will be able to con-

tinue their farming and livestock keeping activities within their villages. Land is not scarce in many vil-

lages along the RoW, except in settlements that are within urban areas or adjacent to urban areas.

Some people from villages in Dodoma and Singida municipalities might be forced to relocate outside

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the villages but within the same districts.

Loss of structures and shelter

After mitigation measures of rerouting a total of about 840 houses will still be affected by the construc-

tion of the power transmission line and its wayleave. The type of houses to be affected in the rural ar-

eas is mostly traditional houses made of mud and thatch. In the urban areas some houses are built of

corrugated iron sheets, cement blocks or burnt bricks. A significant impact on settlement structures is

expected in areas with a higher concentration of houses close to the existing line or substations.

Loss of income sources or means of livelihood

For the major part of the transmission line corridor, the land is used for scattered cultivation. Some of

this land will be taken permanently for the transmission line towers after effecting compensation pay-

ments. The rest of the land, in particular the one under the overhead lines, may still be used at farm-

ers' risk for cultivation after completion of the construction works. Some of the standing crops may be

affected during construction.

Loss of access to community and public structures

Some public infrastructures such as schools, churches, mosques, and water supply structures, exist-

ing or planned, will be affected by the proposed development, as they are partially allocated within the

wayleave. At the villages with work camps, there will be some pressure on existing services already in

poor condition and inadequate.

This may create some degree of social stress in terms of resources use conflicts and in thefts and

burglaries. This potential social stress may be mitigated to some extent by the fact that most of the

communities in the project area are already familiar with potential social problems due to the previous

experiences from the construction of the existing 220 kV line and the road between Dodoma and

Singida.

Loss of cultural and archaeological property

More than 200 graves have been found inside the wayleave of the existing line (some even estab-

lished after construction) as well as of the proposed new power transmission line. A very limited num-

ber of these graves may have to be relocated if there is a risk that they will be disturbed by construc-

tion activities.

The Antiquities Department highlighted the importance of conserving any such sites and archaeologi-

cal features that will be found within the wayleave. Such cultural heritage sites should be avoided

completely, if possible, but up to date none have been found in the wayleave.

0.4 Objectives of the Resettlement Action Plan

The objective of the RPF is to ensure that the project affected people (PAP) are compensated accord-

ing to the existing Laws and Regulations of the United Republic of Tanzania and World Bank OP 4.12

Involuntary Resettlement governing compensation for any loss of productive land, structures or other

properties, as a result of land acquisition for the transmission line wayleave corridor. Furthermore, this

Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) also proposes mitigation measures to ameliorate any negative

impacts. Efforts are made in the detailed planning of the line route to avoid densely populated areas

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and structures as far as technically feasible and with due consideration for safety measures. Consulta-

tions with PAP and local authorities have taken place along the corridor as part of the ESIA/RPF stud-

ies in order to avoid unnecessary relocation and impacts.

However, because of the pending detailed design of the transmission line route and detailed land sur-

veying, including the demarcation of transmission line corridors, the present draft report can not in-

clude a detailed census, inventory and valuation of assets of the PAP. Once those aspects have been

included, the final RAP can be completed.

0.5 Socio-Economic Aspects

Villagers who will be affected by the project have available most of the basic social services, as de-

scribed in each district socio-economic profile. The services include schools, water, health and com-

munications (roads and telephone). However, most of these services are either of poor quality or not

sufficient. Even in newly established districts of Kishapu, Bahi and Chamwino, some of the major so-

cial services are unavailable.

This is also the case in newly established villages such as Mitoo-Juu in Manyoni District and Isalanda

in Singida Rural where basic social services such as health and primary schools are still unavailable.

Annex 3.5 provides information on available social service infrastructures in all villages along the new

line.

It has been noted that the proposed Project might affect some of the existing social and cultural infra-

structures. The ESIA, which this RPF complements, has proposed some alternatives that will minimize

impacts of the Project to the social infrastructure and services.

Most of the local communities along line are small-scale farmers, making agriculture and livestock

keeping their main economic activities. Other PAPs, especially those in urban areas, are employed or

selfemployed in commercial and service activities. People around Mtera Dam are involved in fishing.

Most farmers practice subsistence farming with very low annual output. There is very little use of agri-

cultural fertilizers and mechanization. Seasonal crops grown include sunflowers and cotton -grown for

cash -while food crops include maize, groundnuts and millet. Few villagers in Chamwino and

Mpwapwa districts of Dodoma Region cultivate grapes as a cash crop.

The proposed Project is likely to impact land used by local communities for agricultural activities. In vil-

lages, such as Kisima in Mpwapwa District, part of the most fertile pieces of land will be affected by

the Project.

0.6 Legal and Policy Framework

Constructing the facilities for the proposed development project will support several national policies

and laws that promote economic development, community participation, mining development, energy

development, transportation and improvement of social services. The implementation of the project

complies with a number of national policies, laws, regulations, guidelines and standards. Several of

the laws and policies that the proposed development comply with include:

• The National Energy Policy of Tanzania (2003)

• The Environment Management Policy (1997) and Act (2004);

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• The National Land Policy (1997) and the Land Act (1999);

• The Village Land Act (1999);

• The Land Acquisition Act (1967);

• The Land Regulations (2001), and

• The World Bank Safeguard Policies OP 4.12 and OP 4.01

0.7 Institutional Framework

The Environmental Management Act (2004) provides an institutional set-up for environmental man-

agement with details of responsibilities at national, village and mtaa level, which is the lowest adminis-

trative level. The institutional set-up involves the following main centres:

• National Environment Advisory Committee;

• Minister Responsible for Environment;

• Director of Environment (DoE) in the Vice President's Office;

• National Environmental Management Council (NEMC);

• Sector Ministries;

• Regional Secretariats; and

• Local Government Authorities the District, Town Council and Village levels.

0.8 Eligibility and Entitlement

According to Tanzanian legislation, all owners of properties located within the proposed wayleave at

the time of inspection and valuation will be eligible for compensation. Notices to claim compensation

will be served to all owners of affected properties along the wayleave using Land Form No.69. A "cut-

off" date for eligibility for compensation and resettlement measures will be determined by the date on

which these notifications are served. The owners or occupiers of the properties are expected to com-

plete and submit Land Form No.70 and to agree upon a date for official valuation of their properties.

There are four categories of relocated people that have been identified, including owners of plots with

houses and other buildings in the wayleave; owners of plots with non-residential buildings in the

wayleave; owners of plots without buildings in the wayleave; and institutions with land and/or buildings

in the wayleave.

Three additional categories of relocated people can further be identified. These are people or families

suffering inadvertent and temporary damage to their land and property during construction due to un-

foreseen actions or simply by accidents such as damage to nearby crops, fruit trees or infrastructures.

These can also be relatives with an interest in graves adversely affected by the Project and that may

need to be exhumed and reburied at alternative locations. In these cases, rituals and ceremonies will

often need to be conducted and proper compensation for them should be considered as provided for

by the law.

The last category is the case of vulnerable people, such as widows, single mothers, child-headed

households, handicapped people, HIV/AIDS victims, and the elderly who when relocated often require

special assistance to cope with the relocations. This category of relocated people is identified in the

WB OP 4.12; hence require special or supplementary measures to be taken to attend to their particu-

lar needs.

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0.9 Community Participation and Consultation

The overall goal of the consultation process should be to disseminate project information and to incor-

porate affected people's views in a RAP. The specific aims of the consultations are to improve project

design and lead to fewer conflicts and delays in implementation; facilitate development of appropriate

and acceptable entitlement options; increase long term project sustainability and ownership, and re-

duce problems of institutional coordination. They also aim to make the resettlement process transpar-

ent; increase the effectiveness of sustainability of income restoration strategies, and improve coping

mechanisms

0.10 Grievance Mechanisms

TANESCO as a client has to be involved in all claims and disputes as the client is the one who will be

receiving and handling them. However, being an interested party to the contracts the client should not

be involved in the final ruling on disputes arising from compensation and resettlement arrangements.

There is need to identify and describe at the onset the process, procedures and mechanisms for set-

tling such disputes and grievances to be applied.

Affected individuals and households should be informed about the existence of a defined process for

expressing dissatisfaction and to seek redress. General information regarding the existence of such

procedure should be made public during the early stages of the community consultations. A more de-

tailed description of the established process should be presented to PAP at the time the resettlement

plans are approved and individual compensation contracts are signed.

The selected procedure should be simple, administered as far as possible at the local level, to facili-

tate access, flexibility and openness to various proofs, taking into account that most of the PAP are

poor and illiterate. Grievances and disputes related to resettlement and/or compensation may arise for

different reasons. Grievances may arise from mistakes related to the identification of the affected

property and people within the wayleave, disagreements related to the ownership of property, dis-

agreements on land and asset valuation, disagreements on other compensation allowances, and

problems related to the time and manner of payment of compensations.

Disputes related to land ownership will need to be brought before the appropriate level of land courts

as established by law, including those established at the village level. The Land Act only provides for

grievances related to land acquisition and compensation issues related to the creation of a wayleave

to be brought to the High Court of Tanzania. This is usually too expensive and impractical for most of

the residents and businesses within the project area.

Claims and complaints regarding compensation and resettlement issues should be brought to the at-

tention of the village leadership. They will then forward grievances concerning the non-fulfilment of en-

titlement contracts, levels of compensation or seizure of land and assets without compensation to the

corresponding Ward Executive Officer or eventually directly to the District Executive Director.

0.11 Implementation Arrangements

Since there is no single agency in Tanzania that has mandate to plan and provide resettlement and

compensation help in cases where people are involuntarily relocated for development projects, it is

agreed that the project proponent TANESCO assumes the responsibility for delivery of entitlements

even though a number of other actors may be involved. In this case, the most relevant institutions re-

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lated to resettlement planning and implementation will be TANESCO, the Ministry of Land and Human

Settlement Development, District Councils/Municipalities, Village Councils and the National Environ-

ment Management Council (NEMC).

0.12 Monitoring and Evaluation

Insofar as the fulfilment of the requirements of the WB in that relocated people are adequately handled

and are left in a position of better social and economic condition than they were prior to project imple-

mentation is concerned, monitoring and evaluation should be undertaken. Both internal and external

monitoring and evaluation should be carried out during compensation and implementation of the RAP.

Monitoring and evaluation is also recommended some time after resettlement has been concluded in

order to assess the medium and long-term effects of the resettlement exercise.

Internal monitoring will we done regularly by the project sponsor‘s PMU while external monitoring and

evaluation will be done in intervals by a third party, i.e. a regulatory agency, its consultants or by an

independent NGO.

Specific monitoring items, for both internal and external monitoring, frequencies of monitoring and re-

porting systems will be clearly indicated in the monitoring plans that will be established by the project

sponsor’s PMU and by the regulatory agency, respectively.

The evaluation and monitoring of resettlement in linear projects present practical and logistical chal-

lenges, since the resettled population is widely dispersed along the transmission line. In our case, it

will constitute a real challenge to implement monitoring of resettlement along 670 km, in 5 administra-

tive regions, 13 districts and 93 villages.

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1. Introduction

1.1 Project Background

Tanzania is endowed with diverse energy sources including biomass, natural gas, hydropower, coal,

geothermal, solar and wind power, much of which is untapped. Wood-fuel accounts for up to 92% of

total energy supply with about 2% from hydro-electricity and 7% from oil-derived products. Electricity

generation, transmission and distribution in Tanzania are the business of Tanzania Electric Supply

Company Limited (TANESCO). The Company is 100% government owned and is responsible for more

than 90% of the country's electricity supply.

Two thirds or 581 MW of Tanzania's installed capacity are from hydropower sources. Tanzania has a

hydropower potential of about 3,800 MW (estimated) and a per capita electricity consumption of 46

kWh per annum, growing at a rate of 11-13%. Hence the government is encouraging investments to

expand generating capacity, distribution systems and developing indigenous sources of energy. The

national electricity coverage is about 10% of the total population (MEM, 2006)

The energy crisis in 2006 has highlighted the importance of reliable energy supply for economic

growth and poverty alleviation. It once again revealed the underlying vulnerability of hydro-dominated

generation systems to droughts and the resulting importance of adequate diversified generation plan-

ning and timely investments in the transmission and distribution sub sectors to reduce technical

losses. As the sector is moving from a short-term crisis management to medium-and long-term plan-

ning, several issues and strategic goals have been identified. These include:

• ensuring appropriate long-term generation capacity

• ensuring quality of supply;

• ensuring long-term financial sustainability of TANESCO;

• continuing sector reform process;

• improving Management of TANESCO;

• expanding access to other areas and

• increasing the use of renewable energy.

In the course of implementing these issues and strategic goals, TANESCO has established a project

to reinforce the existing power transmission line from Iringa to Shinyanga, through Dodoma, Singida

and Tabora Regions.

1.2 Project Rationale

The vast majority of people in the Tanzania do not have access to electricity, and the rural population

is nearly completely excluded from this source of modern energy. It is estimated that only three quar-

ters of the country, mainly in urban areas is connected to the national grid. It is intended that the rest

of the country, including an estimated 8,200 villages should be supplied with electricity. In addition

there are plans to supply power to Kenya and Malawi from Tanzania.

Due to this situation TANESCO in planning a project to reinforce its existing 220kV transmission line

from Iringa to Shinyanga through Dodoma, Singida and Tabora Regions. The proposed project will in-

volve construction of approximately 670 km of 400 kV electrical power transmission line from Iringa to

Shinyanga via Dodoma and Singida.

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The main objective of this project is to improve power supply in the north-western part of the country.

However, the project also intends to reduce the duration and frequency of power interruptions to

Northern Regions i.e. Singida, Shinyanga, Mwanza and Mara, improve voltage conditions at con-

sumer's premises, reduce power system losses - technical losses to meet the current and growing

power demand in northern regions, increase customers and hence revenue to TANESCO, improve the

power line capabilities for smooth power transfer to the Lake Zone, to mining areas and other loads

centres and extent power exports to neighbouring countries, capturing possible opportunities for

cross-boarder power trading within East Africa.

Among other things, the project requires the acquisition of about 51 km² wayleave/corridor land for

construction of the transmission line. The most critical point in this context is the compensation of third

parties interests (i.e. people and institutions living or owning properties along the planned corridors). It

is against this background and the demands of national and World Bank safeguard policies defined in

their Operational Policies documents that TANESCO has commissioned DECON to inspect all third

parties' interests relating to compensation for land use within the proposed corridor.

1.3 Disclosure of the Resettlement Action Plan

The standard procedure is that a complete RAP should be made available to the public for a minimum

of six weeks in the relevant district council and/or ward offices. Local newspapers and radios may be

used to inform the public about the availability of this document in the cited places. During this period,

members of the public will be given the opportunity to respond to the RAP, in writing or verbally, to the

relevant District Executive Directors or Ward Executive Officers who will forward them to TANESCO.

In concordance with World Bank’s Disclosure Policy, a RAP has to be disclosed prior to appraisal,

both in Tanzania and through the WB Infoshop. TANESCO will be responsible for disclosing the RAP

in Tanzania, and should authorize the WB in writing to disclose the document in the WB Infoshop.

1.4 Structure of the Resettlement Plan

This document is organized in 10 chapters. The introductory chapter is followed by Chapter 2 that pro-

vides the project description, Chapter 3 that describes the potential impacts, and Chapter 4 which out-

lines the objectives of the Resettlement Plan. Chapter 5 then discusses the socio-economic character-

istics, followed by Chapter 6 that describes the legal and policy framework, and Chapter 7 that pro-

vides the Resettlement and Social Mitigation Plan. These are then followed by Chapters 8, 9 and 10

that describe community participation and consultation, outline the institutions and implementation ar-

rangements, and provide the evaluation and monitoring plan, respectively.

- 9 -


2. Project Description

Notice: Specific mitigations measures resulting from alternative line routing are taken into

consideration in this RPF document, but no other mitigation measures described in the ESIA

Report.

2.1 Project Location

The proposed line will be built from Iringa to Shinyanga via Dodoma and Singida. Most line stretches

will run parallel to the existing 220 kV line, with only minor variations in areas where alternative align-

ments have been proposed due to the topographical situation. The planned line a length of approxi-

mately 670 km will interconnect four substations (S/S) at the towns mentioned above. The line route is

located in the central highlands of Tanzania between 33° and 36°30' east and 4° to 8° south of equa-

tor (see Figure 2-1). The line is partitioned in three section between the 4 towns mentioned above.

The project will traverse the following districts, wards and villages as indicated in the table below:

Table 2-1: Regions, Districts and Villages along the Line

Regions Districts Villages

Iringa Iringa Municipal Igumbilo

Iringa Rural Kigonzile, Nduli, Igingilanyi, Ndolela, Mkungugu, Kisinga, Isimani

Tarafani, Kihorogota, Nyang'oro, Izazi, Mtera, Migori, Makatapora

Dodoma Mpwapwa Mtera-Staff, Kisima, Chipogoro, Kisima, Seluka

Dodoma Urban Nkulabi, Mpunguzi, Mantumbulu, Mkonze, Michese, Nala, Chi-

gongwe

Chamwino Fufu, Manzase, Mlowa Barabarani

Bahi Ibihwa, Mpamantwa, Bahi, Uhelela

Singida Manyoni Lusilile, Maweni, Chikuyu, Chibumagwa, Solya, Muhalala,

Manyoni Mjini, Mitoo juu, Mkwese

Singida Rural Choda, Issuna A, Isuna B, Nkuhi, Ulyampiti, Muungano, Ikungi,

Ighuka, Kipunguiko, Nkunikana, Puma, Isalanda, Utaho, Kisaki,

Manga, Mnung'una, Msisi, Ntondo, Nkwae.

Singida Urban Kipungua, Misuna, Mungumaji, Unyambwa Mkimbii, Mtipa

Iramba Iguguno, Tumuli, Maluga, Kyengege, Mugundu, Kitukutu, Ulemo,

Misigiri, Kibigiri, Nselembwe, Kizonzo, Mseko

Tabora Igunga Mgongoro, Makomero, Mbutu, Bukama Imalanguzu, Mwamakona,

Igurubi

Shinyanga Kishapu Kalitu, Kiloleni, Ngunga, Mwajiginya, Mwaweja, Negezi,

Shinyanga Urban Ibadakuli, Mwamagunguli

5 13 93

2.1.1 Iringa -Dodoma Section

From the Iringa Substation the line will run on the left hand side of the existing 220 kV line over a

mountain ridge with partly steep slopes and difficult access. As the initial alignment would sandwich

Igumbilo village, a line routing alternative was explored. On the way to Mtera the line crosses the

- 10 -


Nyang'oro Hills and Forest Reserve. The Hydropower Plant at Mtera will not be passed in order to

avoid the demolition of about 160 houses at Makatapora and Mtera villages; rather the line will cross

Mtera reservoir with a long span of about 1,000 m, saving additionally about 13 km line length. The

terrain from Mtera up to Dodoma presents typical rolling hills.

Details on the routing alternatives are presented in the ESIA Report.

2.1.2 Dodoma - Singida Section

From the Dodoma Substation the line passes along the right hand side of the existing 220 kV line a

mostly flat to slightly hilly terrain. Soils seem to be of similar characteristics over the entire line section,

i.e. of dense clay sand. At T 230 near Kilimatinde the line traverses a fault-scarp of over 100 m vertical

shift, forming a very steep slope with large rock outcrops. Between Manyoni and Singida Choda For-

est Reserve will be passed.

In order to avoid the demolition of about 150 houses as well as some public infrastructures, and a le-

gal conflict concerning the Masterplan for the new District Capital Bahi, line routing alternatives have

been developed for Nala, Bahi and Puma, thus lengthening the line by about 3.2 km.

More details on these line routing alternatives are presented in the ESIA report.

2.1.3 Singida - Shinyanga Section

The existing 220 kV line from T1 to T24 is completely built in and the new line running parallel to the

existing line may need the removal of more than 100 houses, partially multi-storage modern buildings

for business and administration purposes. The alternative line routing bypasses Singida town and

Lake Singida north-western, and joins again the 220 kV line at T42. Another bottleneck has been

found between T132 and T191, where the corridor between the road and the existing 220 kV line is

occupied by various buildings and scattered settlements. Between T191 and T210 the new line would

be situated in steep slopes of up to 50° transversal. In order to minimize these effects it was decided

to route the new line from T132 to T210 at around 1 km in parallel to the existing 220 kV line at the

northern side of the road leaving the existing settlements undisturbed and getting favourable terrain

condition in the latter part. From tower T260 to T265 B the line will pass through the seasonal Wem-

bere swamp at Mseko and Mgongoro villages. The line traverses further a system of seasonal rivers

(tributaries to Wembere River, and then continues towards Shinyanga occasional outcropping rocks

embedded in sandy soils.

In course of the field surveys in summer and autumn 2008, these proposals for routing alternatives

have been changed in order to avoid respectively further reduce unnecessary conflicts, by saving an-

other 140 houses and three larger public infrastructures (dispensary, primary and secondary school).

More details on these line routing alternatives are presented in the ESIA report.

- 11 -

400 kV OHL Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Figure 2-1: Proposed Power Transmission Line Route - Iringa - Shinyanga

- 12 -


Figure 2-2: Proposed Route Map for Iringa - Dodoma Section

- 13 -


Figure 2-3: Route Map for Dodoma - Singida Section

- 14 -


Figure 2-4: Route Map for Singida - Shinyanga Section

- 15 -


Figure 2-5: Overview of the Line Corridor Sections with Wayleave Alternatives

2

1

- 16 -


- 17 -


2.2 RAP Concerning Project Activities

The project activities will constitute a range of operations that are aimed at ensuring that the 400 kV

power transmission line from Iringa to Shinyanga via Dodoma and Singida is completed in time and is

operational as required. The main activities are described below with additional information provided in

subsequent sections and chapters.

2.2.1 Mobilization Phase

This initial stage in the project implementation will commence as soon as all necessary permits and

processes have been accomplished. For example, mobilization shall start after the way leave has

been identified, project affected persons, and institutions have been compensated and/or relocated

according to the national and international laws and guidelines. Mobilization entails establishing work

camp and offices on the site, assembling equipment; construction work force as well as materials for

the initial start to secure the way leave. Securing the wayleave may not take place simultaneously

throughout the whole wayleave, but it may be undertaken in successions when the contractor is mov-

ing from one point to the other (see also Chapter 3.1.3).

Some temporary work camps will be established to provide shelter and storage facilities for construc-

tion material, fuel and lubricants, workshops, logistics and offices and accommodation for the staff for

several months during the construction period. The next work camp will be established some weeks

prior to finishing the main construction work at the first line stretch and this process will continue

through out the whole construction phase. Constructing the work camp in succession will minimize the

cumulative effect associated with constriction of the work along the way leave and providing an oppor-

tunity to the contractor to rehabilitate the campsite when the next camp is complete and ready for use.

For the proposed 400 kV power line, about 6-7 work camps shall be built. Each camp may accommo-

date up to 200 workers during construction. Hence, its size will be relatively large.

Issues of concern and impacts that may arise during this phase include noise, vibration, and dust

emissions arising from the movement of heavy machines and equipment to the site and for construc-

tion of the work camp, and waste produced by temporally work force that is establishing work places

for the constructions teams.

All these impacts will require adequate compensation measures.

2.2.2 Construction Phase

The Construction phase includes erecting the towers and securing the site and construction of facili-

ties for the substations and transformers as needed.

Machines and manual labour will be involved in the construction phase. Some areas will require

preparation of the access roads to bring equipment, workforce and materials to the designated sites.

All of these will need a substantial amount of land. Given the terrain in some of those areas, this un-

dertaking could be time consuming and challenging. However, on average, about 2 years are needed

to construct a stretch of about 200 km. Appropriate measures for mitigation and compensation of the

affected neighbouring population have to be considered by the project developer and main contractor

according to the ESMP.

- 18 -


Some labour forces will be recruited from local communities -especially for the simple and manual op-

erations that could easily be accomplished using local skills. However, the main contractor will be re-

sponsible for the recruitment of the work force since he will be aware of the work schedule, quality of

the work that is needed, the budget for the workforce and safety issues. It is estimated that about 20%

of the 250 employees (or 50 workers) will come from the local communities in the areas construction is

taking place. Based on this estimation, only few people along the way leave will be employed for a 2

years period. However, a higher rate of employment of local work force can be achieved by softer land

clearing measures without machines.

2.2.3 Operation Phase

During operation, the power line will function as required, with TANESCO closely monitoring the power

transmission process and taking corrective actions in case of accidents and emergencies.

2.2.4 Decommissioning

The construction of the 400 kV power line from Iringa to Shinyanga is expected to provide long-term

benefits and services to the nation. Therefore, no general decommissioning phase of the power line or

the substations is expected, with exception of the work camps. The decommissioning of these camps

will involve demolition of structures and rehabilitating the land on which the camps were established to

its original condition. Nevertheless, the destruction of these structures may be avoided if TANESCO

will use them for other purposes or would donate the structures to the village governments to be used

in some social functions (e.g. village offices, schools, health facilities, etc). This opportunity, however,

is subject to the location of the work camps and the materials used to construct them.

- 19 -


3. Potential Impacts

Notice: All locations and figures mentioned in this Chapter are referring to remaining impacts

after all proposed routing alternative and mitigation measures have been accepted.

Those which remain are relevant for the Resettlement Action Plan, others are not..

3.1 Project Components Leading to Resettlement

The detailed layout and organization of facilities for the construction of the transmission line will be the

responsibility of the chosen contractor within the contract framework. The technical and timing details

are not known at this early planning stage. What can be said about these issues is based on assump-

tions and normal practice from similar projects.

3.1.1 Wayleave Corridor

The wayleave corridor for transmission lines includes land set aside for the transmission line and as-

sociated facilities, land needed to facilitate maintenance, and to avoid risks of fires and other acci-

dents. It provides a safety margin between the high-voltage lines and surrounding structures. The pro-

posed transmission line to be erected will utilize part of the existing 60 m wayleave of the 220 kV

transmission line from Iringa to Shinyanga. When running parallel to the existing line, use of common

right of way will reduce the overall RoW corridor width of the two lines.

In defining the parallel distance due, consideration must be given on tower geometry, conductor

swing-out, span length, induction interference and tower falling range. Since many of these parame-

ters are not yet known for the planned line, an initial axis distance of 55 m to the existing line has been

used to make assessments. This corridor covers an area of about 5,100 ha. An overview of the typical

width of the transmission line’s way leave is shown in Figure 3-1.

Figure 3-1: Size of the Way-Leave

220 kV

400 kV

220+400 kV

45 m

130 m

30 m

60 m

90 m

55 m

- 20 -


3.1.2 Substations

For the installation of the new 400 kV line the existing area reserved for the extension of existing sub-

stations will be used. No additional land with building structures etc. will have to be allocated to the

project. Thus the measures related to the upgrading or construction of new substations will have little

additional impact on the local PAP, except for the extension of S/S Shinyanga, where about 12 houses

located at Ibadakuli (ESIA, Chap. 2.2.5) will be affected.

3.1.3 Work Camps

During the construction phase, some work camps will be needed as storage area for construction ma-

terial (such as steel profiles, isolators, conductors, concrete, fuels and lubricants), for workshops, lo-

gistics, offices and accommodation for staff etc. for a period of several months. Each camp may ac-

commodate up to 200 workers, therefore, they will need water supply, wastewater discharge and

treatment system, waste disposal facilities as well as health facilities. Generally, a work camp will be

used only for several months during the construction period. The next work camp will be established

some weeks prior to finishing the main construction work at the first line stretch and this process will

continue throughout the whole construction phase. Constructing the work camp in succession will

minimize the cumulative effect associated with constriction of the work along the way leave and pro-

vide opportunity to the contractor to rehabilitate the campsite when the next camp is ready for use.

Normally such camps will be located in or near townships or larger villages in order to benefit from

their infrastructure as accommodation, food supply areas, health services etc. Technical requirements

will require that a camp may serve a segment of about 100 km split half way backward and forward

along the line. This means that in this project altogether 6 to 7 camps will be established. Due to in-

formation from TANESCO, at least four of these camps will be established within the TANESCO

owned sites at Iringa, Mtera, Dodoma and Singida. At Shinyanga the site adjacent to the existing sub-

station has to be acquired. Not more than two work camps have to be established in other communi-

ties. This might take place near Igunga (36,000 inhabitants) and near Manyoni (25,000 inhabitants).

3.1.4 Access Roads

Some permanent and semi-permanent road reaches will have to be constructed to ship equipment to

and from the sub-stations. Access road to transmission line structures for both line construction and

maintenance shall be required, and may be paved or gravelled. Re-contouring of land may be required

for access road construction. Additional temporary roads will also be needed during the construction

phase of the transmission line project.

- 21 -


3.2 Type of Expected Impacts

The following impacts are, the main types of expected impacts leading to economic losses and/or

physical displacement and resettlement.

3.2.1 Loss of Productive Land and Resources

The area of immediate impacts will be (additionally to the wayleave of the existing 220 kV line) 70m

respectively 130m wide (where not parallel to the 220 kV line) and 670 km long. It should be noted

that TANESCO already has 60 m wayleave from the existing 220 kV transmission line. As soon as

TANESCO has acquired the land for the new power line, land cultivation and grazing activities be-

neath the lines are expected to be tolerated, although not formally allowed. However, the maximum

height of plants which are allowed to remain in the wayleave is 3 m.

Due to the fact that within the wayleave no buildings will be permitted, some areas potentially suitable

for settlements will be lost. Counting the area within settlements or nearby settled areas, about 20 km

of line length will be affected, i.e. 150 ha of potential settlement areas will be lost. Additionally, there

are a few areas which will possibly be sandwiched, which means that land dissected between linear

infrastructures for example power lines and / or traffic lines, will have reduced value for the construc-

tion of residential houses, if the remaining area is too small for this purpose. A reasonable limit may be

some 100 m distance between the wayleaves of such infrastructures. Such a situation may take place

at Igumbilo, Mlowa, Solya, Manga, Kibigiri and Kizonzo.

The proposed power transmission line will result in loss of land for agriculture, grazing and settlement.

The most commonly cultivated crops in project-affected areas are maize, sorghum, beans, millet,

paddy, cotton, and sunflower. Similarly, cattle, goats and sheep are grazed in all project affected ar-

eas. A line corridor of a width of 90m will have to be cleared to allow for the construction of the towers

and the lines. Where both lines will run parallel, the total wayleave will have to be cleared (if not al-

ready partially done) at a width of even 130m.

In other areas such as those of Kisima village in Mpwapwa District, Mlowa Barabarani in Chamwino

District, Mgongoro in Igunga District as well as Chikuyu in Manyoni District the proposed project will af-

fect the potential areas for agriculture activities in the area. For instance, in Chikuyu the line will cut

across the area that is used for cultivation of paddy. According to the villagers, it is difficult to get an-

other area within the village to cultivate paddy. At Kisima village, the proposed project may affect a

wetland that has a potential for cultivating food and cash crops all year long.

- 22 -


Table 3-1: Land Loss for Settlements and Agriculture

ha ha % ha ha %

Way leave 4.914 4.914

hereof tower construction 86 1,8% 6,3 0,13%

way for inspection/maintainance 137 2,8% 137 2,8%

Outside way leave 39 32

hereof new access roads 2,8 7,2% 2,8 8,7%

substations 29 75% 29 91%

work camps 7 18% 0 0%

Total land occupation (to be cleared) 4.953 4.946

Loss for agricultural cultivation 262 5,3% 174 3,5%

hereof without ways/roads 122 2,5% 35 0,7%Loss for settlements 246 5,0% 246 5,0%

ha %

Total land occupation 5.110 5.103 195 4%

hereof to be cleared 268 -4.678 -95%

Loss for agricultural cultivation 268 5,2% 183 4,7% 8 5%

Loss for settlements 147 2,9% 147 2,9% -99 -40%1)

including line routing alternatives

without mitigation measures

with mitigation measures 1)

Difference

"without/with

mitigation

measures"

Operation phaseConstruction phase

The impact on land value is one of the major issues of concern to some of the stakeholders. Some of

the stakeholders consulted were concerned that land value in their area might depreciate due to the

presence of towers close to their houses, land or even place of business. The value of the land will

depreciate if power lines take part of the land or it is close to the line, such that no major economic ac-

tivity can be undertaken.

Other stakeholders were concerned about becoming "sandwiched" between two power lines or even

between the lines and the road. In areas where the lines will not run parallel, they will tend to take up

large land at the middle and this may limit the expansion of the villages and even reduce the value of

the land in question.

The construction of the proposed transmission line is inadvertently impacting on more households ly-

ing between these infrastructures. For example, at Misuna village, near the Singida Substation, the

District Land Officer has had difficulties offering title deeds to some of the landowners simply because

the piece of land that is owned by these individuals lies between two existing transmission lines

(Arusha and Shinyanga line). Although this area is not within the TANESCO wayleave, the land office

still categorizes the land as a health risk area. However, according to the TANESCO and general elec-

tricity safety code, areas located outside of the wayleave are safe for living and free from electricity

hazards and danger.

According to the field survey, a number of permanent houses will need to be relocated as a conse-

quence of the establishment of the wayleave corridor. Following the results of the field survey per-

formed and the subsidiary counting of houses from satellite images, about 840 houses or house like

structures (shacks, stands) will be affected by the wayleave and will have to be removed as follows:

• 180 houses between Iringa and Dodoma, i. e. 0.8 houses / km,

• 216 houses between Dodoma and Singida, i. e. 1.0 houses / km and

• 442 houses between Singida and Shinyanga, i. e. 1.9 houses / km.

- 23 -


Most of the affected settlements have developed into a linear structure along the existing line, which

often plays the role of development axis. In such areas there will be no problem shifting the houses,

i.e. to construct a new house on the same plot nearby, and people will be able to continue their farm-

ing and livestock keeping activities as usual. But some villages will be quite restricted in this issue due

to topographical reasons (e. g. in Puma) or due to the fact that the settlement has developed two-

dimensionally. Settlements with such problems will be found in Mkonze and Misuna. The exact num-

ber of affected households and persons will, however, be known later, after the final design is com-

pleted and the PAP census is undertaken. In any case, PAP will lose their right to occupy part or all

the land which they are using for residential or for productive purposes.

In addition to the loss of land, some economically valuable trees, notably mango and other trees, will

be cut down. The construction of the proposed transmission line may also involve the destruction of

seasonal crops in the wayleave. Prior information will allow those affected to stop from planting new

crops or to harvest already planted crops before construction activities begin. Alternatively, construc-

tion work can start during the dry season when all farm lands have been harvested. Hence, the effect

of the loss of crops and trees on affected people's livelihoods is considered moderately negative.

3.2.2 Loss of Settlement Structures and Shelter

Although no significant relocation by the project-affected people is predicted, several houses will be af-

fected by the proposed project. The kind of houses which will be affected are largely traditional rural

houses, which are made of mud and thatches. Some houses built with corrugated iron sheets, cement

blocks or burnt bricks, will be affected, largely in urban areas.

Despite this, it is expected that no major threats will be posed to livelihoods, as most people in the pro-

ject area will be able to continue with farming and livestock keeping activities within their villages. Land

is not so scarce in the villages along the right of way. However; land scarcity might be a problem in

settlements that are within or adjacent to urban areas. Villages such as Mkonze in Dodoma Municipal

and Misuna in Singida Municipality have land shortage and affected households might be forced to re-

locate outside the village but within the district.

3.2.3 Loss of Income Sources or Means of Livelihood

For the major part of the corridor the land is used for agriculture. Some of this land will be taken per-

manently for the transmission line towers. The rest of the land, in particular the one under the over-

head lines, may still be used for cultivation after completion of the construction works. Some of the

standing crops may also be affected during construction.

3.2.4 Loss of Community and Public Structures

A few public infrastructures such as schools, churches, mosques, water supply structures etc., existing

or planned, will be affected by the proposed development as they are allocated (partially) within the

way-leave. Such items found in the course of field surveys are listed in Table 3-2.

Social services such as dispensaries, water schemes, accommodation facilities are inadequate in

most of the settlements along the line. At villages with work camps there will be some pressure on ex-

isting services which are already in poor condition.

- 24 -


This may create some social stress in terms of conflicts regarding resources and in thefts and burglar-

ies. The fact that TANESCO uses barbed wire to secure the towers and pays local communities to

guard them is a clear indication of this problem. Currently, TANESCO is paying about TSh 2,000 for

each tower sited within the village land.

However, this potential social stress may be mitigated to some extent by the fact that most of the communities in the project area may already be, to some degree, sensitized to potential social prob-lems due to the previous effects from the construction of the existing 220 kV line and road construction between Dodoma and Igunga.

Table 3-2: Affected Infrastructures

Village District Affected Infrastructures Alternative

Nala Dodoma Municipal water tank with pipes and tap, primary court, weighbridge yes

Bahi Bahi Church, Mission, Secondary school yes

Lusilile Manyoni District toilets of primary school no

Mkwese Manyoni District underground water pipes no

Mkwese Manyoni District water pumping station no

Nkunikana Singida Rural small secondary school under construction, small mosque no

Puma Singida Rural Watertower yes

Misuna Singida Rural dispensary yes

Mnung'una Singida Rural small dam + cattle soaking structure no

Ntondo Singida rural small mosque no

Tumuli Iramba District larger secondary school no

Kyengege Iramba District boreholes, well, water pipes yes

Kitukutu Iramba District yes

Kitusha Iramba District yesMgongoro Igunga District small church, small mosque no

Planning Conflicts (to be negociated)

Ulyampiti Singida Rural village office / dispensary planned no

Kipumbwiko Singida Rural secondary school planned no

Misigiri Iramba District town development area yes

Kizonzo Iramba District village market planned no

boreholes, primary school, secondary school

Source: Field Survey, 2008

Based on available survey data of the existing infrastructures in the village areas affected by the Pro-

ject, the expected losses of the above mentioned public infrastructures (Table 3.2) will be less than

1% of total public infrastructures existing in these locations.

- 25 -


3.2.5 Loss of Cultural and Archaeological Property

Many graves and even graveyards, all together more than 200 graves, have been found inside the

wayleave of the existing line (some even established after construction) as well as of the new line. A

limited number of these graves may have to be relocated if there is a risk that they will be disturbed by

construction activities. Graveyards and larger agglomeration of graves have been found at:

• Kising'a (Iringa Rural) 25 graves

• Ikungi (Singida Rural) larger graveyard

• Kibigiri (Iramba) 30 graves.

Beliefs and traditions in the project area allow graves to be relocated if it is done in a culturally accept-

able way. Compensation will be paid for expenses related to the relocation of graves such as ex-

penses for ceremonies and labour in connection with exhumation and reburial.

The proposed power transmission line may also affect other cultural sites. Discussion with the Antiqui-

ties Department highlighted the importance of conserving any archaeological features that will be

found within the way-leave.

The proposed power transmission line may affect cultural sites. Some of the cultural sites to be af-

fected are burial sites and graveyards that are used by villages and where local communities perform

their traditional rites or ceremonies. In addition, the line will cross Solya Village near Kilimatinde,

Manyoni District. Kilimatinde is passed by the Central Slave and Ivory Trade Route, and an old Ger-

man Fort in Kilimatinde is located there. The line definitely does not affect these important landmarks.

Most of the stakeholders along the proposed wayleave were concerned if the graves will be compen-

sated and if the process of relocating the graves will be participatory and take into account their cul-

tures and values. Land officers that were also part of the ESIA Team explained how the procedure

would be carried out. Discussion with the Antiquities Department also highlighted the importance of

conserving any archaeological features that will be in the RoW.

- 26 -


4. Objectives of the Resettlement Plan

Like in all standard Resettlement Action Plans, the objective of a RAP is to ensure that project affected

people (PAP) are promptly and fairly compensated for any loss of productive land, structures, or other

properties as a result of land requisition for the transmission line wayleave/corridor. Furthermore, a

RAP also proposes mitigation measures to ameliorate any negative impacts. Efforts are made in the

detailed planning of the line route to avoid densely populated areas and structures as far as techni-

cally feasible and with due consideration for safety measures. Consultations with PAP and local au-

thorities have taken place along the corridor as part of the ESIA/RPF studies in order to avoid unnec-

essary relocation and impacts.

The present Resettlement Action Plan is providing most of the information and details required by a

full RAP as they are defined by the WB OP 4.12. It includes the description of the project, identification

of the project components leading to resettlement, the social characterization of the affected popula-

tion; the description of the legal, policy and institutional frameworks for resettlement and compensation

in Tanzania; the criteria for eligibility and the resettlement and compensation entitlements; the results

of the community participation and consultation program; the identification of the grievance mecha-

nisms; description of implementation arrangements; and the objectives of the evaluation and monitor-

ing activities linked to implementation of the RAP.

However, due the pending detailed design of the transmission line route and the detailed land survey,

including the demarcation of transmission line corridors, the present Resettlement Policy Framework

cannot include a detailed census, inventory and valuation of assets of the PAP. Once those aspects

have been included, the full RAP can be completed.

This RPF document complements the ESIA and aims to minimize the social impacts of the proposed

400 kV Transmission Line. In order to achieve this, the RPF emphasizes that:

• involuntary resettlement should as much as possible be avoided by exploring all possible alterna-

tives;

• if resettlement cannot be avoided, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as

sustainable development activities with the participation and consent of the PAP;

• at the end of the day the PAP should be in a better socio-economic position than before the Pro-

ject.

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5. Socio-Economic Characteristics

5.1 Overview

This Chapter describes the socioeconomic characteristics of the population of all districts which will be

affected by the project's right-of-way. The project covers five regions, namely Iringa, Dodoma, Singida,

Tabora and Shinyanga and several districts and villages.

Generally, all villagers that will be affected by the project have most of the basic social services as de-

scribed in each District socioeconomic profiles. The services include schools (primary and secondary),

water, health and communications (roads and telephone) .However most of these services are either

of poor quality or not sufficient. In newly established Districts such as those Kishapu, Bahi and Cham-

wino, most of the major social services such as a district hospital are unavailable.

This is also the case in newly established villages such as Mitoo-Juu in Manyoni District and Isalanda

in Singida Rural where basic social services such as health and primary schools are still unavailable.

Annex 3.5 provides information on available social service infrastructures in all villages likely to be af-

fected by the Project. It has been noted that the proposed Project might affect some of the existing so-

cial and cultural infrastructures.

The ESIA, which this RPF complements, has proposed some alternatives that will minimize impacts of

the Project to the social infrastructure and services, in such a way that less than 1% of existing public

infrastructures will be really affected.

Most of the local communities along the proposed RoW are small-scale farmers, making agriculture

and livestock keeping their main economic activities. Other PAP, especially those in urban areas, are

engaged in activities such as employment and business. People around Mtera Dam are involved in

fishing. Most farmers practice subsistence farming with very low annual output. There is very little use

of agricultural fertilizers and mechanized agricultural. Seasonal crops cultivated include sunflowers

and cotton (cash crops), while food crops include maize, groundnuts and millet. Few villagers in

Chamwino and Mpwapwa districts of Dodoma Region cultivate grapes as a cash crop.

The Project is also likely to impact land used by local communities for agricultural activities. In villages

such as Kisima in Mpwapwa District, part of the most fertile pieces of land, is likely to be affected by

the Project. Details of the socio-economic baseline conditions in each district are provided below.

5.2 Iringa Region

5.2.1 Iringa Municipality

Iringa Municipality is one of the 6 districts of Iringa Region in the southern highlands of Tanzania.

Population

According to projections based on the 2002 Population and Household Census, which provided an

annual growth rate of 1.6%, the district has today a total population of about 113,350 people, of which

58,879 are female and 54,471 are male. The number of children under 5 years old is about 22,675.

On the other hand, the elderly constitute 2,717 of the total population.

Economy

The main economic activity of the district is agriculture, mainly based on subsistence economy and

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small scale sales for villages which are on the periphery of the municipality. People living in the urban

area are mainly running small-scale industries, doing commerce and petty trading.

Education services

The district has 43 primary schools out of which 36 are governmental schools and seven are private

owned. There are also 11 secondary schools. In addition, district has three universities, one Teachers

College, one vocational training centre, one Community Development College and three University

Colleges.

Health sector

There are three hospitals in the municipality. One belongs to the government, the other two belonging

to religious institutions. There are also two government owned health centres and one private health

centre. The municipality has 20 dispensaries.

Major health problems are malnutrition and infant mortality. Other common diseases are HIV/Aids, ma-

laria and tuberculosis. There is an increase of HIV/Aids by 13.7% per year, and the region as such is

one of the highly infected regions in Tanzania. The main cause for this high rate of infection has been

the highly migrant labour force that moves a lot between the region and other regions in search of job

opportunities as plantation workers, domestic workers and traders.

Water supply

The main sources of water for the district are the Little Ruaha River and the Kitwiru springs. About

90% of people in the municipality have access to safe and clean drinking water.

5.2.2 Iringa Rural District

Iringa Rural District has an area of 20,576 km² of which only 9,857.5 km² is habitable, whereas a na-

tional park, some forest reserves, rocky mountains and water bodies occupy the rest of the land area.

Population

The district has a total population of more than 250,000, of which around 120,000 are males and

130,000 are females. The dependence ratio is about 50%, whereby more than 122,000 children and

the elderly are dependent on 124,000 economically active population.

Economy

The mainstay for the majority of the people in the district is agriculture, which employs about 82% of

the active population. Livestock keeping is another main economic activity, largely undertaken at low

sedentary levels. Pastoralist concentrates in the areas close to the national park as well as around the

Mtera dam in search of pasture and water. Other economic activities include fishing, forestry, tourism,

service sector (transportation) and trading. Crops grown for commercial purpose include pyrethrum,

coffee, tobacco, and sunflower while crops cultivated food but also occasionally sold include maize,

beans, millet, sorghum, peas, tomatoes, paddy, groundnuts and wheat.

Infrastructures

The district has good road network, well-developed telecommunications, electricity supply, postal and

banking services, water supply as well as various financial institutions.

Energy supply

Electricity consumed in Iringa District is supplied from the national grid system. In addition, the district

is home to one of the major hydropower plants in Tanzania, the Mtera Dam that runs on water from

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the Great Ruaha River, a key landmark of the district.

Health sector

Iringa District has 1 hospital, 5 health centres, 58 dispensaries and 35 pharmacies. The main health

problems include malnutrition, infant mortality diarrhoea, malaria and HIV/Aids. With sudden increase

in the number of universities and students in Iringa, pressure on existing health services is likely to in-

crease and the possibility of getting more cases of sick people due to communicable diseases is high.

Education

The District has 144 primary schools and 9 secondary schools.

Water supply

About 197,809 people or about 60% of the population in the rural areas have access to clean water

within a range of 400 meters. Most of the water is from rivers, springs and boreholes.

5.3 Dodoma Region

5.3.1 Mpwapwa District

Mpwapwa District is located about 120 km southeast from Dodoma regional headquarters. The district

covers a total area of 7,379 km².

Population

By the year 2002, the district had a total population of 253,602 people. With an annual growth rate of

2.1%, the District population is now estimated to be 289,914 people.

Education Services

The district has a total number of 130 nursery schools, 115 primary schools and 23 secondary

schools. Existing primary and secondary schools are facing major shortage of school infrastructures;

currently the government in collaboration with the local communities is in the process of improving the

status and quality of these schools.

Health Services

The health care system consists of one hospital, 2 health centres and 43 dispensaries. The public

owns about 78% of the health service facilities while charitable organizations, NGOs and private insti-

tutions own the rest. The most common diseases in the district are malaria, ARI, diarrhoea and pneu-

monia.

Water Supply

The district has about 32 boreholes, 71 shallow wells (using hand pumps) and 32 water springs. As

part of the effort of the district to reduce some of the water borne diseases, the district has been in-

creasing the population served with clean water in the rural areas from 62% in 2005/06 to 74% in

2006/07.

Economic Activities

Agriculture and livestock keeping are the main economic activities of the people of Mpwapwa. About

90% of the total population is engaged in these economic activities. Other activities include small and

medium scale business, small-scale industries and office work employing about 2% of the population.

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5.3.2 Chamwino District

Chamwino District in Dodoma region is located on the central plateau of Tanzania west of Dodoma

City. The district has a total area of 8,856 km² with 72 villages and 28 wards, spread in 5 divisions,

namely Itiso, Makang'wa, Mvumi, Chilonwa and Mpwayungu.

Population

According to 2002 national census, the population of Chamwino District was 260,841 people, made up

of 23,972 male and 136,869 female, with an average population density of 31 people per km². There

are about 103,659 households in the district with an average size of 4.1 people per household. Ac-

cording to Regional and District projections, the district population for 2007 was estimated at 284,637,

of which 36, 684 were male 147,953 were female.

Education

The district has 109 primary schools including one special school for handicapped at Buigiri Mission.

In addition, the district has 47,239 students in its 109 schools out of which 24,266 are boys and 22,975

are girls. In 1996, there was only one secondary school in Chamwino but this situation has changed

and there are now 11 secondary schools in district.

Health services

The health situation in the district portrays the same patterns experienced by other less developed ar-

eas in the Dodoma region. The district is characterized by high occurrence of common preventable

diseases such as malaria, eye disease, diarrhoea, skin disease and intestinal worms. Apart from

prevalence of common diseases among the district population, infant and child mortality rates and ma-

ternal mortally rates are higher than the national average. The district has one private hospital, 3 rural

health centres and 49 dispensaries.

Water supply

Poor climate condition and the absence of reliable water sources like permanent rivers and spring has

forced the district population to depend on boreholes, shallow wells, rainwater harvesting structures

and wind mills which have minimized the perpetual chronic water shortage for both animals and do-

mestic use. The district has 129 water supply schemes capable of providing clean and safe water to

74% of the district population.

Energy

The National hydroelectric power grid serves some parts of the district; other sources include diesel,

petrol and kerosene, which are sources of energy for both domestic and commercial usage. However,

like in other areas if the region, the majority of the population depends on firewood and charcoal for

their energy needs. This dependence has implications on forest and vegetation cover and is a critical

factor to note as TANESCO expands the power supply to the district.

Economy

The district has one of the lowest incomes per capital in the region, which is estimated at TSh

120,000. The economy of the district is entirely dependent on agriculture and livestock keeping, which

are not doing well after all. The main cash crops produced in the district include groundnuts, sun-

flower, castor and simsim. Other economic sectors such as mining, forestry, bee keeping and fishing

play an important role in the economy of the district.

- 31 -


5.3.3 Dodoma Municipality

Dodoma Municipality is one of six administrative districts that make up Dodoma Region. The munici-

pality was established in July 1980. However, government declared Dodoma Township the new na-

tional capital as early as 1973. Today Dodoma Municipality is still the official capital of the United Re-

public of Tanzania and the substantive seat of the Union Parliament.

Population

The current projected population is 441,450 people based on the Population and Housing Census of

2002. The total number of households is 76,112 with an average household size of 5.8 people per

household. The average population growth rate is 3.3% per annum. There are 238,383 people living in

the rural areas and 203,067 living in urban areas of the municipality, but the whole of the municipality

is a planning area under the Capital Development Authority (CDA).

Economy

About 75% of the municipal income is derived from agriculture (crop and animal husbandry) and the

remaining 25% from other sectors. The contribution of industries to the municipal economy to date is

low due to little industrial investment. The peri-urban population is engaged mainly in crop production

and animal husbandry. The municipal income per capita has slightly risen from TSh 170,000 in 2005

to more than TSh 240,000 in 2008.

Education services

Dodoma Municipality has 103 primary schools with 66,547 pupils of which 33,101 are male and

33,446 are female and 52 secondary schools of which 36 are public schools and 16 are private

schools. The municipality also has 8 special education centres for disabled students. There are also

two universities established in Dodoma Municipality, one is a public university and another one be-

longing to a religious institution. The University of Dodoma (public) and St. Johns' University (private)

are located within the municipal area have a combined number of students of over 15, 000 in total.

Other institutions include the Dodoma Branch of College of Business Administration, a Vocational

Training Centre and a Rural Development Institute.

Health services

Dodoma Municipality has 3 hospitals, 2 of which are owned by the Government and 1 hospital owned

by a religious institution. There are five health centres, the Council owns three and two are privately

owned, 48 dispensaries, of which 23 are government owned, 15 belong to religious institutions and 10

are privately owned. Dodoma Regional Hospital (General Hospital) serves as a Municipal Hospital be-

cause the district does not have an own hospital. Common diseases in the district include malaria,

acute respiratory infection (ARI), Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/Aids.

Communication infrastructure

Dodoma Municipality has a total of 526.4 kilometres of road in which 40.8 km (7.75%) are tarmac, 62

km (11.8%) are gravel and 423.6 km (80.5%) are earth road.

Water supply

There are 40 villages in the municipality with 34 deep-water wells, 80 shallow water wells, 2 dams, 1

natural spring and 4 windmills. The total number of people living in the rural areas is 238,383, of which

166,868 (70%) people have access to clean and safe water. The community is operating these water

schemes through their water user committees. The rest of the municipal population receives water

from the municipal supply system. Water is a critical resource in the district, largely due to poor infra-

structure support system.

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5.3.4 Bahi District

Bahi District is one of the six districts in Dodoma Region. The district is located at the central plateau

of Tanzania, towards the western side of the country. The district has a total area of 6,100 km² with 56

villages and 20 wards, which are divided into four divisions, namely Mwitikira, Chipanga, Bahi and

Mundemu.

Economy

Bahi is among the least developed districts of Tanzania and is the poorest in terms of estimated in-

come per capita. It is estimated that the annual per capita income is 120,000 TSh. The district econ-

omy is almost entirely depending on agriculture and livestock keeping which are not doing well in the

district due to poor climatic conditions. Agriculture is characterized by low productivity resulting from

low rainfall, high evapotranspiration and low moisture holding capacity of soils.

Population

According to the 2002 national census, the population of Bahi District was 179,704 people, thereof

85,430 male and 94,294 female. The population growth rate was 1.6% per annum. The average

household size is estimated about 4.5 people compared to the national level average of 5.2 people per

household. Bahi has about 3,659 households.

Energy

Apart from the hydroelectric scheme of the Mtera Dam, there is also energy from diesel, petrol and

kerosene, which are used by small industries and domestic use. However, more than 95% of the

population depends on firewood and charcoal as their source of energy mainly for cooking. Excessive

use of charcoal and firewood has led to the destruction of the eco-system in terms of forest depletion

and its subsequent negative impacts.

Education services

The district has 67 primary schools including one special school for handicapped. Bahi District had

fewer secondary schools in the past 10 years, a situation that aggravated the problem of low numbers

of pupils going to secondary schools. However, the district began to implement measures to deal with

this issue and now there are 8 secondary schools built at the district.

Health sector

The district has 30 health facilities, 3 government owned rural health centres and 27 dispensaries, of

which 26 are government owned and one dispensary is under the ownership of a voluntary agency.

The district does not have a hospital, forcing local communities to depend on hospitals that are located

in other districts.

The most common diseases in the district include malaria, URTI and eye infections. Other diseases

such as diarrhoea and kwashiorkor are associated with hygiene and malnutrition. The health sector in

the district faces problems of shortage of human resources, medical supplies and finance.

Water supply

Water supply is one of the major components for improving the hygiene and sanitation of a commu-

nity. However, poor climatic conditions and the absence of permanent rivers and springs have neces-

sitated the drilling of boreholes, shallow wells and use of windmills to pump water to distribution points.

In addition, water-harvesting techniques are also common in Bahi as a measure to deal with water

scarcity.

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The district has 133 water supply schemes capable to providing clean and safe water to 66% of the

district population. Some of the water supply points are within the proposed wayleave and this RPF

has proposed mitigation measures in the form of alternative alignment to prevent effect to the water

supply infrastructure.

5.4 Singida Region

5.4.1 Manyoni District

Manyoni District is located in the central part of Tanzania. It has an area of 28,620 km² and covers

58% of the Singida Region area.

Population

The District had a population of 205,423 people in 2002, of which 105,238 were female and 100,185

were male. The highest population density is in Manyoni ward with 24,318 inhabitants and the least

populated ward is Aghondi with 4,027 inhabitants. The district has 42,889 households with an average

household size of 4.7 people.

Economy

The main economic activities in the District are farming where crops such as maize, beans, sorghum,

millet, cassava, sweet potatoes, sunflower, cotton, tobacco are cultivated on small-scale level. Other

economic activities include mining, petty trading, timber processing, tourism, hunting and beekeeping.

Livestock is also an important economic activity in the district. The annual per capita income in the dis-

trict is TSh 215,760.

Water Supply

The District Council is concerned with the delivery of clean and safe water in urban, peri-urban and ru-

ral areas. Water sources include 55 deep wells 27 medium deep wells, 36 shallow wells, 10 dams and

2 irrigation schemes. Motor pumps and windmills provide most of the energy sources for pumping wa-

ter from the sources to the distribution systems and points. The proposed power transmission line will

put more pressure in water, although this will be experienced only during the short period of construc-

tion phase. About 31% of the rural and 23% of the urban population have access to clean and safe

water.

Communication

Several telecommunication companies operate in Manyoni district. These include Tanzania Telecom-

munication Company (TTCL) and some mobile phone companies such as Zain, Vodacom, Tigo and

Zantel. The District is also connected with the Central Railway System from Dar es Salaam to Kigoma

and Mwanza and a junction to Dodoma -Singida Railway line. These railway lines are very crucial for

transport of raw materials and passengers between western, central and eastern Tanzania and might

be used to transport construction materials for the proposed power transmission line in bulk form.

Energy supply

Manyoni district council is connected to the National grid and some of the people are served with elec-

tricity in their homes. However, still the largest population in the district is depending on firewood and

charcoal. The proposed power line project may increase pressure on biomass and exacerbate forest

depletion although this will only be during constriction phase.

- 34 -


Education services

The district has 16 secondary schools. Each administrative division and ward has at least one secon-

dary school. Even though, most of the schools lack necessary buildings such as laboratories, libraries

or boarding facilities.

Health

Health service facilities in Manyoni District Council include 3 hospitals, 4 health centres and 28 dis-

pensaries. Major epidemic diseases are cholera, meningitis and measles.

Historical and cultural sites

Manyoni district is a potential tourist and historical site. Among the unique features which are found in

Manyoni are the Itigi Thickets (Ndarambwe), which are endemic to this district. Another historical site

is the old Central Ivory and Slave Trade Caravan Route, which was followed during the slave trade all

the way to Bagamoyo in the Indian Ocean coast. Kilimatinde village is strategically situated on the hill-

top served as an observation point when the caravans were moving down the embankment. The pro-

posed power line may not cross some of these features, but they form an important landmark for the

district and its history.

5.4.2 Singida Rural District

Singida District covers an area of about 12,164 km². The annual per capita income is only TSh

144,000. the population growth rate 2.4%. Poor farming technologies, unreliable rains, low soil fertility

and poor farming methods contribute to the underdevelopment in the district. However, the district is

endowed with unexplored natural resource bases including minerals, forests, wildlife and water

(dams). Moreover, 55% of the total land area is arable while grazing land covers an area of about

3737.2 km².

Population

The District had a total population of 400,377 people in year 2002 of which 195,022 were male and

205,355 were female. Singida Rural District had 79,595 households of which 75,009 households were

located in rural areas and 4,586 households in urban areas. According to the 2002 census, the aver-

age household size was 5.0 persons per household.

Economy

The main economic activities in the district are farming and livestock keeping. Other activities include

fishing, beekeeping, small-scale mining, small businesses, cottage industry, and lumbering. Both food

and cash crops are grown. Food crops include maize, sorghum, millets, paddy, beans, cassava and

sweet potatoes. Cash crops include sunflower, groundnuts, finger millet, yellow peas, coriander, on-

ions, simsim, cotton, and other newly introduced crops like pigeon peas, cashew nuts and mlonge.

Small-scale farmers constitute 40% of the economic activities, pastoralists 20%, agro-pastoralists 30%

and mixed farmers 10% of the total population. Others include small-scale industries such as grain

mills, oil mills carpentry workshops, black smith and tailoring. On the business side shops, kiosks, tea-

rooms, guesthouses, saloons, and groceries provide services to the people on essential products.

These activities will greatly benefit from increased and expanded supply of energy from the proposed

power transmission project.

- 35 -


Health services

The district has 38 dispensaries, 6 health centres and one hospital. Malaria and pneumonia are the

most common diseases in the district. HIV/Aids and tuberculosis are also becoming a threat to the dis-

trict.

Education

There are 147 primary schools and 11 secondary schools in the district.

5.4.3 Singida Municipality

Singida Municipality covers an area 754 km², of which 730.5 km² is land area and 23.5 km² is covered

by water. Administratively, the district has 2 division, 13 wards, 19 villages and 39 streets.

Population

Singida Municipality had a total population of 115,354 by 2002. Of these, about, 55,828 were male

and 59,526 were female. It is projected that in year 2008 the population of Singida Municipality will be

153,548 people of which 75,750 will be male and 77,798 female. The total number of households in

2002 was 24,512 with an average household size of 4.7 persons. The population growth rate is 2.5%

per annum.

Economy

Agriculture is the largest economic activity in Singida Municipality, which employs about 90% of the

economically active population. The district has an average total area of 9,452 hectares under cultiva-

tion, of which 8,456 hectares is under food crops and 996 hectares under cash crops. The main food

crops grown in the district are maize, sorghum, bulrush millet, sweet potatoes and beans. Maize has a

high risk of failure in the district, as it requires higher rainfall. The main cash crops grown in the area is

sunflower that is sold raw or pressed into cooking oil and sold locally or to other regions, including Dar

es Salaam. Other economic activities include petty trading, commerce, employment (formal) and ser-

vice provision.

Livestock keeping is an important economic activity in the district. It provides the population with high

quality protein such as meat, milk, and eggs. It also provides draught power, hides, skin and manure.

Common livestock in the district are cattle, goats, sheep, donkeys and pigs. In addition, poultry (locally

kept) is a thriving business in Singida with chicken transported to Dar es Salaam and Dodoma,

Morogoro and markets. The district has been affected by factors such as unreliable rainfall poor mar-

ket, limited access to facilities capable of controlling or preventing animal diseases, insufficiency pas-

ture and lack of reliable water sources especially during the dry season such that its livestock industry

has not developed fully. There are no large-scale industrial activities in the district part from few and

isolated oil pressing facilities.

Water supply

The larger part of the population does not have access to clean and safe water, especially the people

living in rural areas. In Singida Municipality, only 51% of the population has access to safe, clean and

adequate water. Insufficient water sources and inadequate resources to distribute water to more peo-

ple are factors that limit supply of this resource to the needy population. Most of the sources are shal-

low wells, which dry up during dry season.

Health services

Malaria is the main disease affecting many people in the district. Other diseases include ARI, Pneu-

monia and diarrhoea. Epidemics also pose a greater danger to Singida Municipal community. Dis-

- 36 -


eases, which have a tendency to spread fast and become fatal, are measles, cholera, plaque, menin-

gitis and dysentery. The district has one regional hospital, two health centres, one public and the other

one private, 9 public dispensaries and 6 private dispensaries. The services are low to moderate due to

inadequate staff and resources to provide for better equipment. The power transmission line will in-

crease pressure on such services due to the workers who will be involved in construction.

Figure 5-1: Mungumaji Dispensary, one of the Health Facilities in Singida (no longer affected

after rerouting)

Energy supply

Firewood and charcoal are the main sources of energy in household in Singida Municipality. The pro-

posed power line transmission line is intended to increase the capacity of electricity to the district

through the substation however; most of the people in outlaying villages will continue to depend on

firewood for a long time to come. The power line project will have low to moderate effect on firewood

production and consumption during construction, due to increased demand by the workers.

Education services

The Municipality has 33 public and 8 pre-primary schools with 3,430 pupils, and 34 primary schools

with 26,979 pupils. It has also five public secondary schools and two private secondary schools with

10,139 students. Education in the Municipality is facing problems of shortage of primary schools, poor

enrolment rates, shortage of teachers and equipments. However, since most of the workers in the

proposed power line will be for short duration only, pressure on schools will not be an issue. However,

delinquency, school absenteeism and pregnancies could be issue of concern along the right of way

within the district.

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5.4.4 Iramba District

Iramba District is part of Singida Region. Kiomboi, which is the district headquarters, is located 100 km

from Singida Town.

Population

Iramba is the mostly densely populated district in Singida Region. Currently the District population is

392,645 people, whereas 190,818 people are male and 201,827 people are female. The total number

of households in the district is 75,943 with an average household size of 5.1 persons.

Economy

Agriculture is the largest economic activity in the district employing about 85% of the population. Main

food crops include maize, millet, sorghum, paddy, cassava, sweet potatoes and beans, while main

cash crops are sunflower, onions, groundnuts, cotton, simsim, pigeon peas and yellow grams. The

annual per capita income in Iramba accounts is about 240,000 TSh. Other households complement

agriculture with livestock keeping and petty business. The district natural resources sector comprises

of forestry, fisheries, beekeeping and wildlife, and is one of the key sectors that contribute to the dis-

trict gross domestic product.

Education

In 2007 the district has 148 primary schools and 16 secondary schools. The district is expecting 13

additional secondary schools in the next years.

Health Services

The district has two hospitals (one public hospital, and one hospital owned by a voluntary agency).

There are also four government health centres, 35 government dispensaries and 13 voluntary agency

dispensaries, three dispensaries under the national parastatals and one private owned dispensary.

The most common diseases in the district include malaria, pneumonia, diarrhoea, eye infections and

HIV/Aids.

Water Supply

In the year 2007, Iramba district had 341 functioning water supply schemes in addition to 7 schemes

which were not properly working. The water supply schemes are dominated by shallow wells as the

main source, followed by wells equipped with hand pump.

5.5 Tabora Region

5.5.1 Igunga District

Igunga District is one of the six districts of Tabora Region and covers an area of 4,499 km², and bor-

ders with Kishapu District to the north, Iramba District to the east, Uyui District to the south and Nzega

District to the west.

Population

According to the 2002 Population Census, the district had 324,094 inhabitants, of which 159,667 were

male and 165,880 were female. The district has 51,176 households with an average household size of

6.3 persons.

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Economy

Agriculture and livestock keeping are the main economic activities in Igunga District. Livestock kept in-

clude cattle, goats, sheep and pigs. Agriculture is poor because of unreliable rainfall and poor farming

technologies. Consequently, there are wide variations of crops produced every year. In order to in-

crease production, irrigation farming must be adopted to a large extent. The district has a potential of

40,790 hectares for irrigation.

Education Services

By the end of 2006, Igunga District had 128 primary schools and 16 secondary schools.

5.6 Shinyanga Region

5.6.1 Kishapu District

Kishapu District is one of the 8 districts that form Shinyanga Region. The district borders Meatu and

Iramba Districts in the east, Igunga District in the south, and Maswa and Kwimba Districts in the north.

The total area of the district is 4,039 km².

Population

In 2002, the district population was 240,000 of which 121,000 were male and 120,000 were female.

With an annual population growth rate of 1.6% this population is currently estimated to be 292,000.

The average household size is 6.1.

Economy

The main economic activities in Kishapu District are agriculture (88.1%), forestry and fishery (6.3%),

local mining (0.9%), small-scale businesses (0.9%) and other economic activities (3.8%). The average

daily income per head was about 727 TSh and annual per capita income was about 262,000 TSh.

The main crops grown include sorghum, yams, maize, sunflower, groundnuts, paddy, and cotton. To-

tal arable land is about 319,200 hectares but only 56.7% of this area is cultivated (181,138 hectares).

Livestock keeping is the second main economic activity, which engages about 27% of the district's

population.

Education services

There are 115 primary schools and 28 secondary schools in the district. The district has also an adult

education programme and there are 86 centres for adult education.

Health services

The district has one hospital, 4 health centres and 42 dispensaries. Common diseases in the district

are malaria, diarrhoea, pneumonia, eye infection, Helmini arthriasis, skin infection and HIV/Aids.

Water supply

Most of the population obtains drinking water from dams and rivers (59.8%) and shallow and deep

wells (40.2%). About 70% of people use water for domestic purposes from protected wells, and 30%

from taps or rainwater collection.

- 39 -


5.6.2 Shinyanga Municipality

Shinyanga Municipality covers an area of 548 km², and has 13 administrative wards and 19 villages.

Population

In 2002, the district had 135,166 people, of which 66,835 were male and 68,331 were female. It is es-

timated that the total population will be 181,838 in 2008, of which 89,266 are male and 92,271 female.

The district intercensual growth rate is 3.3%. In 2002, the district had 67,583 households with an aver-

age household size of 2.0 persons per household.

Economy

The district economy is depending mainly on agriculture, most of which is at subsistence level. Ap-

proximately 90% of the population is engaged in agricultural activities. Agricultural production in the

district is mostly rain fed. Main cash crops are cotton and tobacco, while the main food crops are

maize, sorghum, paddy, sweet potatoes, millet and cassava. Modern diary farming and poultry are

also taking place in the district.

Apart from agriculture, livestock, keeping; mining, and industrial activities play an important role in the

district economy. Indeed, the propose power line will add 400 kV of power to the existing capacity and

boost the supply of energy to the expanding mining industry. Other industrial activities that may also

benefit from the power supply include cotton ginning, cottonseed oil extraction, milling and small-scale

industries.

Water supply

Currently, Shinyanga Municipality receives water from four sources, namely Ning'hwa dam and

Nhumbu dam near Mwadui, some boreholes near Kizumbi, and various shallow wells. It is estimated

that only 56% of its population has access to clean and safe water. The demand of water, which was

estimated to be 14,689m 3 per day, is expected to reach 17,000 m3 per day by the year 2010. Most of

the pressure is from mining activities that demand more water. The proposed project will only com-

pound the already strained water supply system by increasing demand, especially during construction.

Energy supply

Energy source utilized for both industrial and domestic activities are hydro-and thermal electricity, fire-

wood, diesel, petrol and kerosene. The dominant source of energy for domestic cooking is fuel wood.

In urban areas fuel wood normally takes the form of charcoal, while in rural areas firewood is pre-

ferred. Even where electricity is available to households, only a few people can afford it. Hence, the to-

tal consumption of electricity in the municipality in 2005 was only 3,716 MWh per month.

Health services

High infant and maternal mortality characterize the health situation in Shinyanga Municipality. The

high rates of water borne diseases as well as severe malnutrition are also experienced in some parts

of the municipality. Inadequate health facilities, poor equipment, inadequate hospital supplies and de-

livery services have compounded the health problems in the municipality. Some of the common dis-

eases in the district include malaria, anaemia and pneumonia.

For instance, there were 23,327 cases of malaria in 2005, followed by 368 cases of anaemia and 148

cases of pneumonia. HIV/Aids is also a problem in municipality. The number of cases is increasing

much more and faster than in other districts. Increased human interaction, relatively more money in

circulation from mining, livestock sector and farming as well as poverty are factors that prompt this in-

crease in HIV/Aids cases. The proposed development will increase labour force and money economy

and thereby creating additional conducive environment for the spread of communicable diseases.

- 40 -


Education services

The municipality has 46 public and 6 pre-primary schools with 4,078 pupils and 33 public and 4 private

primary schools with 30,396 pupils. In addition, there were 18 public and 4 secondary schools with

10,139 students in 2006. Education service is facing problems such as shortage of primary schools,

poor enrolment rates, shortage of teachers and equipments.

5.7 Socioeconomic Characteristics of the Affected Population

This section presents a brief description and analysis of the basic socio-economic characteristics of

the affected population, based on the results of the household surveys conducted in all 93 villages

along the wayleave which will be more or less affected by the Project. It should be noted that most ru-

ral areas in the country have basically similar socio-economic characteristics.

5.7.1 Demographic Characteristics

The average household size in most villages along the RoW varies between 4.0 and 6.3 household

members in the districts affected by the project. Kishapu District has the highest average household

size (6.3 members). About 87% of the heads of household in the affected villages are male. House-

hold with female heads are mostly widows or divorced, a factor also observed in villages that are in

urban areas.

In most of the villages, families tend to stay together and share most of their resources, including

meals. In Kishapu, for example, families sharing a compound would include parents, their married

children, as well as their grandchildren. This family tends to share meals, farms and other basic needs.

5.7.2 Migration Patterns

With the exception of communities living in urban areas such as those in Dodoma Urban (Mkonze and

Michese villages) as well as Mtera village in Mpwapwa District, most of the affected populations were

born in their residential villages or districts (Figure 5-2). Mtera village in Mpwapwa District had the

highest rate of migrants (about 31%) due to fishing activities carried out at Mtera dam, as well as em-

ployment at the Mtera hydropower station. The proposed power transmission line project may influ-

ence further migration to the villages along the wayleave in search of employment.

- 41 -


Figure 5-2: Percentage of Population per District Cluster Born Outside of Villages


5.7.3 Educational Levels

Almost 29% of the surveyed heads of households of all 13 districts have not attained any level of edu-

cation. The rate of illiteracy was relatively high in Kishapu District (44%) and Mpwapwa District (39%).

Most heads of household have attained basic primary education (35%), and only 2.7% secondary

education. Less than 1% of the affected population has college or vocational education. This educa-

tion level, however, is concentrated in urban areas, but practically not existing in rural areas. With the

current emphasis of the Government to ensure that Tanzanian children attend schools, the rate of

school enrolments has increased in most parts of the country.

For instance, within the project area the rate of children at school age who are going to school is about

87%. 24% of them are attending secondary education. In all 13 districts affected by the project there

are only three vocational training centres of which two are located in Iringa Municipal. However, there

are also several universities in Iringa and Dodoma while such facilities are lacking in Shinyanga and

Singida. Table 5-1 below shows the educational status of household heads living in the proposed

power transmission line corridor.

Table 5-1: Educational Status of the Heads of Households in the Line Corridor

Level of Education Percentage

None 28.8

Primary school 35.0

Secondary 2.7

College 0.4

Technical/vocational 0.3

Attending primary school 24.7

Primary school Dropout 2.6

Drop-out secondary 0.5

- 42 -


Level of Education Percentage

Attending secondary school 4.7

University 0.1

Adult Education 0.2


5.7.4 Water Supply

Various sources of water are available in the villages and urban areas along the way leave. These

sources and supply systems include traditional wells, communal wells with pumps, rivers, dams,

streams, water taps from municipal and council water supply systems, and water harvesting tech-

niques. Water taps account for about 20% and of total supply systems. Severe drought affect most of

the villagers in terms if availability of water, forcing people to travel over 10 km in search of this ser-

vices. For example, Mwamakona village in Igunga District is very much affected during the dry season.

Some of the villages have more than one source of water. For example, Mkwese village in Manyoni

District and Mkonze in Dodoma Urban while others still rely on neighbouring villages for the services.

Kizonzo village in Iramba District for instance has to obtain water from Nselembwe village. In addition,

although water is available in some areas, its quality is very poor due to lack of treatment.

5.7.5 Health Services and Other Support Infrastructure

Other social services found in the project area include health facilities; 39 villages out of the 93 af-

fected villages do have health centres, critical cases are referred to the responsible district hospital.

Districts such as Chamwino, Bahi and Kishapu currently do not have district hospitals and therefore,

the residents in these districts use hospitals in nearby districts. Common diseases in the areas include

Malaria, URTI and other water borne diseases. HIV/Aids is also a major challenge and an issue to be

seriously considered in the proposed project. Other social infrastructures available in the project area

include police stations, courts, post offices, telecommunication facilities, banks, internet services, mar-

kets and shops, but mainly in urban or semi-urban areas (Annex 3.5).

- 43 -


Figure 5-3: Tumuli Secondary School in Iramba District (within the wayleave)

5.7.6 Transport

Currently most of the affected villages are easily accessible from their relevant district headquarters. In

addition, most of the villages are located along the main roads of Iringa-Dodoma-Singida-Shinyanga.

Since the transmission line will follow the main road (except in some few areas where it diverts several

metres away), most of the villages will also be accessed and therefore the workers camp will have bet-

ter access to sources of supplies. Kishapu is probably the only district town that is not located along

the main road making its accessibility very difficult during rain season.

Other districts such as Manyoni, Singida Municipality, Singida Rural and Shinyanga Municipality, are

also accessible by rail that links the central part of Tanzania with the rest of the country. Airports and

airstrips are also located in some districts within the project area. For example, the Manyoni airstrip is

at Mitoo village and the Iringa airport is at Nduli village. Officials from Manyoni District expressed con-

cern that the proposed project is likely to affect the Manyoni airstrip in terms of impairing its scenic

view. Access roads that have been developed by TANESCO for maintaining the existing transmission

line have become important roads for transportation from and to the villages of Mitoo, Isalanda and

Choda.

5.7.7 Energy Use

Out of the 93 villages likely to be affected by the proposed project, only 16 are connected to the Na-

tional Grid of TANESCO. Most of these areas are in the urban centres such as Singida, Manyoni, Do-

doma and Iringa. Other villages use generators or solar panels to obtain electricity. However, most vil-

lagers use kerosene (about 88%) as the major source of lighting. Firewood is used for cooking in both

urban and rural areas. Some households, mainly those in urban areas, also use charcoal as a cooking

- 44 -


fuel.

5.7.8 Land Tenure and Use

About 96% of the interviewed household heads own one or more pieces of land. Land is mainly used

for settlement, agriculture and grazing. Land owned by household heads was inherited, bought or ob-

tained from the village government. There is a significant difference of size of land owned by house-

hold heads from one area to another, with areas having total land size of up to 100 acres. For in-

stance, in Kishapu and Igunga District land is mainly used for cotton cultivation and grazing. House-

holds in urban areas or villages that are located adjacent to urban areas such as Ibada Kuli in Shin-

yanga Municipality, Nala in Dodoma Municipality and Puma in Singida Rural have relatively small farm

sizes.

In most of the affected villages, land is still available and could be allocated to households that willbe

impacted by the project. For instance, in Bahi village where the project is likely to affect about 85

houses, the village government and the district council noted that it will be possible to allocate alterna-

tive land to the affected households. However, a large population of the surveyed households reported

that it might be difficult to obtain land close to where they are currently located.

5.7.9 Housing Conditions

Most of the houses along the wayleave are of poor quality. Most such houses have been constructed

using mud and thatches. The type of houses found in the rural areas of Mpwapwa and Bahi Districts

are of similar design i.e. very short and small tembe, mostly built with mud and covered with mud on

top. These houses are having one to two rooms. In Iringa Region, most of the houses are of improved

design, i.e. built of a combination of traditional and modern construction materials such as corrugated

iron sheets for roofing, burnt bricks and/or cement blocks.

Villages that are close to missionary centres, such as Chibumagwa and Chikuyu in Manyoni, and

Misigiri village in Iringa Rural have improved houses. Villages that are located along the main Dodoma

-Singida road, or on small towns such as Iguguno, Nselembwe-Shelui and Misigiri village have mixed

materials in their houses combining, modern building materials (cement and corrugated iron sheets) or

improved (i.e. a combination of modern materials and traditional once). Social services and infrastruc-

ture along the way leave that are likely to be affected are also built with very modern and strong struc-

tures.

Most of the houses in the rural areas comprise more than one structure, which include the main house

(normally with three rooms), a kitchen, store, toilet and other small huts used by household members.

It should be noted that most of the structures will not be located directly under the wayleave, but the

project may affect them by changing the structure of the dwelling and hence the internal social system

at family level. For instance, in Igunga District, toilets used by household were found located 50 me-

ters away from the main structure and possibly located within the way leave. A detailed resettlement

assessment should reveal the more pertinent features of the housing condition in order to determine

appropriate compensation packages for the project affected persons.

- 45 -


Figure 5-4: Common Types of Houses Found Along the Proposed Line Kizonzo Village

5.7.10 Economy

The major economic activities in the affected districts are farming and livestock keeping. Other activi-

ties include fishing, beekeeping, small-scale mining and small businesses. Both food and cash crops

are grown at different scales. There is very little variation in the type of crops grown in most parts of

the project area. With exceptions of cotton that is mostly grown in Igunga and Kishapu as the main

cash crops, other districts of Singida, Dodoma and Iringa region grow sunflower and maize as their

main cash crop. Food crops include maize, sorghum, millets, paddy, beans, cassava and sweet pota-

toes. Other cash crops grown in the project area include groundnuts, finger millet, yellow peas, cori-

ander, onions and simsim.

Small-scale farming constitutes 40% of the economic activities, pasturage 20%, agro-pasturage 30%

and mixed farming 10%. Very few of the heads of surveyed households (< 10%) reported having a

wage-paying job. As well, neither the spouses of the heads of the surveyed households nor other

members of the surveyed households reported having wage paying jobs. Incomes per farm household

also differ markedly between districts with Kishapu getting the highest from amongst the districts in the

wayleave (Table 5-2).

- 46 -


Table 5-2: Average Annual Household Income by District

Districts Indicative Average Annual Income per House-

hold (TSh)

Iringa Urban 930,444

Iringa Rural 1,115,340

Mpwapwa 879,090

Chamwino 942,174

Dodoma Urban 768,863

Bahi 704,188

Manyoni 569,056

Singida Rural 1,035,000

Singida Urban 1,444,400

Iramba 978,032

Igunga 1,198,372

Kishapu 1,144,861

Shinyanga Urban 1,176,721

Average 947,429

Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey, 2008

Most of the villagers are small-scale producers. For example, about 70% of them reported producing

less than 10 bags of maize during the previous season. Only 8% reported they produced about 20

bags of maize during the previous season.

Besides farming, most of the households along the wayleave keep livestock. The most common live-

stock in the project area are cattle, goats, sheep, and chickens. Almost 50% of the surveyed house-

holds reported not having any cattle, 20% reported owning less than five, and the remaining 30% re-

ported having more than 5. However, about 40% of the surveyed households reported not having

chickens, whereas about 25% reported owning more than 10. More than 30% of the surveyed house-

holds reported having sold some livestock in the previous year.

Figure 5-5 (Table 5-2) illustrates the average annual income of those households who have given

statements on their income. Households in Singida Municipality appeared to have the highest incomes

followed by Igunga District, Shinyanga and Kishapu Districts.

- 47 -


Figure 5-5: Average Annual Income of Households with Income Statements

Average Annual Income of Households with Income Statements (TSh)

0

300.000

600.000

900.000

1.200.000

1.500.000

1.800.000

District Household Clusters

Avera

ge A

nn

ual

Inco

me (

TS

h)

Source: Field Survey, 2008.

5.7.11 Willingness to Relocate

As expected, a large majority (72%) of the surveyed households declared a preference for being relo-

cated to a site close to their current homesteads. The remaining 28% of the surveyed households in-

dicated that they were willing to resettle even outside their villages provided they were paid fair com-

pensations in time to allow them to establish new homes elsewhere.

- 48 -


6. Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework

The proposed construction of the 400 kV power transmission line from Iringa-Dodoma-Singida-

Shinyanga may induce changes in other sectors and the livelihoods of the people along the RoW in

the villages and the districts that the power line will pass through. Constructing the facilities for the

proposed development will support several national policies and laws that promote economic devel-

opment, community participation, mining development, energy development, transportation and im-

provement of social services. The implementation of the project complies with a number of national

policies, laws, regulations, guidelines and standards. Several of the laws and policies that the pro-

posed development comply with have are discussed in this Chapter of the Resettlement Policy-

Framework.

6.1 National Policies

6.1.1 National Environment Policy (NEP) (1997)

The National Environment Policy (NEP) (URT, 1997) is the main policy framework governing environ-

mental management in Tanzania. The NEP underscores national, natural and social issues arising

from environmental issues, and promotes key principles of sustainable development. The NEP has

also proposed the framework environmental legislation for coordinating, managing and regulating the

various environmental activities in different sectors. In addition, the NEP defines strategic plans for

environmental management at various levels and provides an approach for mainstreaming environ-

mental issues for decision-making.

The policy identifies six key environmental management and protection challenges Tanzania is facing:

• Land degradation;

• Lack of access to good quality water;

• Environmental pollution;

• Loss of wildlife habitat and biodiversity;

• Deterioration and aquatic ecosystems; and

• Deforestation.

Some of the identified environmental challenges are relevant and critical because the proposed devel-

opment may contribute to them directly or cumulatively. The NEP promotes environmental assess-

ment, use of economic instruments, regulatory tools and precautionary principles on managing the en-

vironmental problems. The ESIA which this RPF complements is responding to the NEP requirements

to ensure environmental concerns are mainstreamed in decision-making process at the earliest possi-

ble time and mitigation measures are provided.

6.1.2 National Forest Policy, 1998

The overall goal of the National Forest Policy (URT, 1998) is to enhance the contribution of the forest

sector to sustainable development of Tanzania and the conservation and management of her natural

resources. The main objectives of the Forest Policy includes "sustainable supply of forest products

and services by maintaining sufficient forest area under effective management; increased employment

and foreign exchange earnings, ecosystem sustainability through forest conservation and enhanced

national capacity to manage forest sector" (URT, 1998:14).

- 49 -


The National Forest Policy recognizes that investment in forest areas may cause adverse environ-

mental impacts. The policy recommends environmental impact assessment as mandatory requirement

in order to ensure damage to the environment is avoided and possible mitigation measures are pro-

vided.

Forests and thickets characterize the vegetation of various villages and districts along the wayleave of

the proposed power transmission line. The proposed transmission line will traverse the Nyang'oro

Forest Reserve, the Sekenke-Tulya Forest Reserve, and Choda Forest Reserve. These forest re-

serves consist of plant species that the IUCN lists as threatened species. Similarly, these forest re-

serves are home to a variety of large and small mammals, reptiles, amphibians and other wildlife re-

sources. The construction of the power line through these forests will have little to moderate impacts

and some of the threatened species will be affected.

Harvesting of forest products is an important economic activity for some residents along the wayleave.

Products such as fuel wood, charcoal, building poles, timber, honey and beeswax are obtained from

the forest and woodlands along the way leave. Already some of the areas are cleared because of fuel

wood collection, charcoal production and cutting of building materials, as well as clearing for the

wayleave of the existing 220 kV power line. The ESIA that this RPF complements addresses the impli-

cation of the power transmission line, especially on biodiversity and loss of forest resulting from clear-

ing the wayleave for construction of the proposed 400 kV power line.

6.1.3 The Mineral Policy of Tanzania, 1997

The Mineral Policy of Tanzania (URT, 1997) provides policy guidance in the development of the min-

ing sector in Tanzania by outlining the main objectives of the policy and the strategies of implementing

the objectives. The Policy recognizes that Tanzania has a rich and diverse mineral resources base

with high economic potential. However, the country has yet to realize a benefiting contribution from the

vast mineral endowment" (URT 1997:1), the Policy enumerates the following challenges that it seeks

to address:

• To raise significantly the contribution of the mineral sector in the national economy and increase

Gross Domestic Product (GDP);

• To increase the country's foreign exchange earnings;

• To increase government revenues;

• To create gainful and secure employment in the mineral sector and provide alternative source of

income to the rural population; and

• To ensure environmental protection and management (URT, 1997: 2008).

• Several objectives are stated in the Policy.

The proposed transmission line may have no direct implication on mining activities although it may fos-

ter the mining sector by securing future power supply. However, there are proposed uranium mining

activities around Bahi and Manyoni Districts which may be closer to the proposed power line align-

ment. Other mining activities that may be affected by this development or otherwise include the mining

of construction materials which the ESIA that this RPF complements has taken into consideration.

6.1.4 National Land Policy, 1997

The main objective of the National Land Policy (URT, 1997) is to address the various and ever-

changing land use needs. The Policy aims to promote and ensure a secure land tenure system, to en-

- 50 -


courage the optimal use of land resources and to facilitate broad-based social and economic devel-

opment without endangering the ecological balance of the environment (ibid: 5). Specific objectives

are outlined in the Land Policy; however, the following are directly related to the proposed develop-

ment:

• Ensure that existing rights in land especially customary rights of small holders (i.e. peasants and

herdsmen who are the majority of the population in the country) are recognized, clarified, and se-

cured in law;

• Set ceilings on land ownership which will later be translated into statutory ceilings to prevent or

avoid the phenomenon of land concentration (i.e. land being held by few individuals);

• Ensure that land is put to its most productive use to promote rapid social and economic develop-

ment of the country;

• Protect land resources from degradation for sustainable development.

The proposed development may lead to the following:

• More land being taken up for the right of way by TANESCO to build the towers and the transmis-

sion line.

• More people along the right of way will loose land for farming, grazing, settlement and cultural func-

tions (e.g. burials or sacrificial functions).

Consequently, there will be competition for prime land as more people are relocated from their existing

lands to give way for the development. This will compound land tenure and land use matters in the vil-

lages along the right of way and increase cost of land in the same areas. RPF addresses the implica-

tion of the changes on the land use and tenure with respect to the proposed development. Issues such

as resettlement and displacement of the local communities, impact on their livelihoods and future land

uses have been addressed within the context of the proposed power transmission line project.

6.1.5 Water Policy, 2002

The main objective of the National Water Policy of 2002 is to develop a comprehensive framework for

sustainable development and management of the Nation's water resources and putting in place an ef-

fective legal and institutional framework for its implementation (URT, 2002). The policy aims at ensur-

ing that beneficiaries participate fully in all stages of water resource developments.

The Policy recognizes the fundamental but intricate linkages between water and socio-economic de-

velopment, including environmental requirements. The Policy expounds on the importance of water for

domestic use, agriculture, livestock keeping, mining, energy, fisheries, environment, human health,

wildlife and tourism, forestry, navigation and trans-boundary requirements.

In view of this, the Policy calls for an Integrated Water Resource Management in Tanzania so that

"there is equitable and sustainable use and management of water resources for socio-economic de-

velopment, and for maintenance of the environment" (URT, 2002). Several policy measures proposed

to ensure sustainable utilization of the water resources. Some of these measures include economic

and legal instruments. The proposed development will require a lot of water for lodges, industrial and

domestic use.

Water supply is a critical problem in villages along the right of way and some of the wells, boreholes,

dams and water tanks are located within or too close to proposed power line alignment. A full RAP

also addresses water supply and availability issues and proposes changes where water sources or

- 51 -


distribution points are in danger of being negatively affected by the proposed development.

6.1.6 National Energy Policy, 2003

The National Energy Policy of Tanzania (URT, 2003) takes into account the structural changes in the

economy and political system at national and international levels. The economic liberalization has had

major implications on energy development and consumption. Increased private investment in mining,

tourism, manufacturing, finance and communication has increased demand for reliable and cost effec-

tive energy. Human population and urbanization have also increased pressure on energy.

The main objective of the Energy Policy is to improve the welfare and living standards of Tanzanians.

The Policy aims to provide input in the development process of the country by establishing a reliable

and efficient energy production, procurement, transportation, distribution and end-use system in an

environmentally sound manner and with due regard to gender issues.

The strategic focus of the Policy in meeting the main objective is to undertake the following activities:

• Develop domestic energy resources, which are least cost options.

• Promote economic energy pricing.

• Improve energy reliability and securing and enhance energy efficiency

• Encourage commercialization and private sector participation

• Reduce forest depletion

• Develop human capacity.

Even with the Energy Policy in place since 2003, Tanzania is still facing major problems regarding en-

ergy. Only about 10% of the 35 million people in Tanzania are connected to the national grid, and in

rural areas, this is about 1% of the population. Over 90% of the energy consumed is from fuel wood

and charcoal, thus putting more pressure on forest resources. Power cuts in urban areas are also so

frequent even when there has been sufficient rain to fill the dams. Power transmission lines and in-

adequate capacities are associated with these problems. The proposed construction of the power

transmission line is intended to add 400 kV on the National Grid to alleviate the problem of inadequate

powers supply.

6.1.7 Wildlife Policy of Tanzania, 2007

The Wildlife Policy of Tanzania promotes the conservation of wildlife as natural resources of great bio-

logical, economical, environmental cleaning, climate ameliorating, water and soil conservation, and

nutritional values (URT, 2007). The long-term goal of the policy is to maintain great biological diversity,

which contributes to healthy environment an increased contribution to the national economy. The pol-

icy recognizes the implication of human and development activities on wildlife resources inside and

outside protected areas, and calls for environmental assessments for proposed development in order

to minimize negative impacts.

The proposed construction of the power transmission line passes through the forest and habitats that

may be home to different species (small or large). In Singida, the proposed line is passing through ar-

eas that have wildlife; large or small wildlife species that may be affected by changes of their habitat.

The ESIA that this RPF complements notes the implication of clearing the vegetation for power trans-

mission line construction and proposed mitigation options.

- 52 -


6.1.8 National Human Settlements Development Policy, 2000

The overall objective of the National Human Settlements Development Policy (NHSDP) is to promote

the development of sustainable human settlement and to facilitate the provision of adequate and af-

fordable shelter to all people, including the poor. The policy outlines a number of objectives including

environmental protection within human settlements and protection of natural ecosystems against pol-

lution, degradation and destruction.

The NHSDP recognizes planning and management of human settlement areas as one of the broad

human settlement issues. Within this regard, the NHSDP identifies environmental protection as one of

the strategic issues in human settlement planning and development. NHSDP also addresses the fol-

lowing issues:

• lack of solid and liquid waste management, leading to environmental deterioration;

• Emission of noxious gases from vehicles and industrial activities as a major cause of air pollution in

urban areas;

• Encroachment into fragile and hazardous lands (river valleys, steep slopes and marshlands) lead-

ing to land degradation, pollution of water sources, etc;

• increasing dependence on firewood and charcoal as a main source of energy in human settlements

leading to depletion of forest, environmental deterioration and air pollution; and

• Unauthorized sand mining in river valleys leading to environmental degradation.

A full RAP notes the implication of resettling of people in the Project areas for line construction and the

proposed mitigation options.

6.1.9 The Tanzania Development Vision, 2000

Composite Development Goal for the Tanzania Development Vision 2025 (URT, 2000) foresees the

alleviation of poverty through improved socio-economic opportunities, good governance, transparency

and improved public sector performance. These objectives, not only deal with economic issues, but

also include social challenges such as education, health, the environment and increasing involvement

of the people in working for their own development. The thrust of these objectives is to attain a sus-

tainable development of the people.

The Vision 2025 seeks to mobilize the people, the private sector and public resources towards achiev-

ing shared goals and achieve sustainable semi-industrialized middle market economy by year 2025.

The construction of the of 400 kV power transmission line from Iringa to Shinyanga is aimed at in-

creasing power supply to enable development to take place. Power is needed for industrial develop-

ment and improvement of livelihoods.

6.1.10 The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP)

The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) or Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi

na Kuondoa Umasikini Tanzania (MKUKUTA) is focusing on promoting economic growth and reducing

poverty in Tanzania. The NSGRP is a five years programme from 2005/06 to 2009/10, which ad-

dresses the Tanzania Development Vision 2025 for high and shared growth, high quality livelihoods,

peace, stability and unity, good governance, high quality education and international competitiveness.

In addition, NSGRP is contributing to implementation of the Millennium Development Goals (MGDs).

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The main objective of the NSGRP is to stimulate economic growth and reduce poverty, improve quality

of life and social well-being and improve good governance and accountability. The strategy recognizes

the close linkages between economic growth, good governance, and improved quality of life and so-

cial well-being, and poverty reduction. The strategy has three main clusters that include:

(i) Growth and Reduction of Income Poverty

(ii) Improvement of Quality of Life and Social Well-being and

(iii) Governance and Accountability.

Among the various factors that have been identified to stimulate growth is the improvement of energy

generation in order to stimulate economic growth.

6.1.11 The Agriculture and Livestock Policy, 1997

The Agriculture and Livestock Policy of 1997 addresses changes that affect the agricultural sector in

Tanzania and specifically address restrictions to agricultural practices stemming from the national land

use Policy of 1995. The Agriculture and Livestock policy, 1997 also addresses the needs of women in

agriculture and the needs for agricultural practices to evolve to ensure protection of the environment.

The Policy promotes good husbandry and increased agriculture production. Some of the areas in the

proposed right of way are utilized for crop production and changes in land use may reduce crop pro-

duction and possibly impact on food security. A full RAP addresses the issue of land use changes and

its implication on agriculture, especially where TANESCO will acquire land that is also used in agricul-

tural production.

In principle, the land TANESCO puts under the wayleave for power transmission becomes wholly

owned and managed by TANESCO exclusively for energy uses. No farming, settlement or any other

use is permitted on such land. However, in practice cultivation of seasonal crops below the power line

is common and TANESCO has not taken a firm stand against such practices. Therefore, the net effect

of power lines in agricultural production can be assumed to be minimal if farming will be left to con-

tinue under the lines.

6.2 The World Bank Safeguard Policies

Several international financial institutions are taking proactive measures to ensure that the credit they

give to countries or private sectors is not negatively impacting the environment. Beside the Bank's OP

4.01, the proposed project may trigger OP 4.12 on Resettlement Policy. The main focus of this opera-

tional guideline is to seek to avoid project affected people experiencing negative effects associated

with the project such as loss of security, loss of land or assets on land, or being put into a detrimental

life situation due to a Bank supported development project. Involuntary resettlement may cause se-

vere long-term hardship, impoverishment, and environmental damage unless appropriate measures

are carefully planned and carried out. For these reasons, the overall objectives of the Bank's policy on

involuntary resettlement are the following:

• Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alter-

native project designs;

• Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and exe-

cuted as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable

the persons relocated by the project to share in project benefits. Relocated persons should be

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meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing

resettlement programs;

• Relocated persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of

living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing

prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher.

As far as the proposed 400 kV transmission line is concerned, some 850 houses and social infrastruc-

tures will still be affected after realignment and consideration of several rerouting alternatives. How-

ever, no major resettlement issues are envisaged because sufficient alternative land can be obtained

within the respective villages to allow PAP and institutions to rebuild the facilities or obtain land for

farming and continue with their livelihood activities.

6.3 Legal Framework

This section addresses the legal and regulatory framework, which is relevant to the proposed devel-

opment of the 400 kV power transmission line from Iringa-Dodoma-Singida-Shinyanga. The legal and

regulatory framework provides the various legal aspects that must be adhered to as the project is be-

ing designed, implemented and later when it is decommissioned.

6.3.1 Environmental Management Act No. 20 of 2004 -Cap 191

Environmental Management Act (EMA) Cap.191 (URT, 2004) provides a range of measures for sus-

tainable management of the environment, prevention and control of pollution, waste management, and

directs mechanisms for compliance.

Section 7 (2) states that "the Act provides a legal framework necessary for coordinating harmonious

and conflicting activities with a view to integrating such activities into an overall sustainable environ-

mental management system by providing key technical support to sector Ministries"

The Act is a cross-sectoral law that takes precedence above all other laws, except the Constitution,

with respect to environmental management (Section 232). The Act emphasizes the need for Tanzani-

ans to leave in a clean, safe and health environment and to access various areas for recreational,

educational, health, spiritual, cultural and economic purposes (Article 4 (1) and (2)). Hence it directs

developers to undertake Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) at their own cost prior to com-

mencement of any major project. The types of projects requiring EIA are listed in the Third Schedule

of the Act. EMA prohibits any major development to be initiated without an EIA Certificate from the

Minister responsible for Environment.

The responsibilities to ensure the requirement of the Act with regard to EIA are vested with the Na-

tional Environment Management Council (NEMC). An EIA report is submitted to NEMC who will re-

views it and provides recommendations to the Minister responsible for Environment in the Vice Presi-

dent's Office to issue a Certificate. A report is not submitted to the Minister for approval if it does not

qualify. The NEMC is also required to make a site visit during the review process for inspection and

verification of the project at the proponent's cost.

6.3.2 The Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations, 2005

The Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations No.349 of 2005 were made pursuant to

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Section 82 (1) and 230 (h) and (q) of the Environmental Management Act Cap 191 of 2004. In addi-

tion, the regulations provide the procedures and requirements for undertaking Environmental Impact

Assessments and Environmental Audits for various types of development projects with significant envi-

ronmental impacts. The Regulations provide a list of projects that qualify for Environmental Assess-

ment and Audit procedures in Tanzania. Regulation 46(1) classifies projects into two types:

(i) Type A -Projects requiring a mandatory Environmental Impact Assessment; and.

(ii) Type B -Projects requiring a Preliminary Environmental Assessment.

The proposed development of a 400 kV power transmission line falls under category A projects that

require mandatory EIA. The steps that must be taken to conduct an EIA are provided in the Fourth

Schedule whilst Regulation 16 directs that the EIA study in addition to environmental impacts, also

must address social, cultural and economic impacts. Regulation 17 stipulates the need for public par-

ticipation during the EIA process and Part V, Regulations 18 (1), (2) and (3) directs the content and

format of the Environmental Impact Statement. The ESIA which this RPF complements responds to

the legal requirements of these Regulations.

6.3.3 Forest Act, 2002

The Forest Act (No. 14), 2002, provides for the management of forests in order to enhance the contri-

bution of the forest sector to the development of Tanzania and the conservation and management of

natural resources. In addition, the legislation fosters ecosystem stability through conservation of the

forest biodiversity, water catchments and soil fertility.

Section 18, of the Act is relevant to the proposed development as it requires developers to prepare

and submit to Director of Forestry, an EIA report. The law states that any proposed development in a

forest reserve, private forest or sensitive forest area including watersheds, whether that development

is proposed by, or is to be implemented by a person or organization in the public or private sector, the

proponent of the development shall prepare and submit to the Director an EIA of the proposed devel-

opment.

Section 49 of the Act outlines various permits that are required when certain activities are undertaken.

These activities include:

• For activities carried out in national and local authority forest reserves

• Felling or extraction of timber (for domestic use; export; mining purposes, or for prospecting and for

exploitation of mineral resources)

• Gathering and picking parts or extracts of any protected plant for the purposes of research or the

production manufacture of any medicine or product.

• Erection of buildings or other structures.

• Construction of roads, bridges, paths, waterways or runways;

• Sow, plant or cultivate trees, crops or other vegetative matter;

• Enter to hunt or fish.

Relevant provisions of this Act have been addressed during the ESIA for the proposed construction of

power transmission line. TANESCO must obtain the relevant permits from the Director of Forest and

Beekeeping Department before undertaking any activities in the Forest Reserves found along the

wayleave.

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6.3.4 Wildlife Conservation Act, 1974

The Wildlife Conservation Act No. 12 of 1974 (URT, 1974) provides for the protection, conservation,

development, regulation, control of fauna and fauna-products and for matters incidental thereto, and

connected therewith. The Act restricts entry into a protected area without proper permission, restricts

carrying of fire arms; bow and arrow; prohibits wilfully or negligently cause of bush fire, felling of trees,

hunting, digging, laying, or constructing any pitfall, net, trap, snare or other device whatsoever, capa-

ble of killing, capturing or wounding any animal.

The stretch along the right of way from Iringa -Dodoma -Singida -Shinyanga does not have wildlife-

protected areas or any concentration of wildlife in a single area. However, various animals including

lions, small mammals and birds have been observed along the right of way and some of these are

resident or they frequent particular areas. The proposed development of a power transmission line will

result in clearing some of the land with subsequent loss of the habitat for the animals and may cause

changes in the composition of wildlife in those areas. The ESIA that this RPF document complements

provides recommendations in areas where wildlife resources are likely to be negatively affected.

6.3.5 The Land Act, 1999

The Land Act of 1999 (Act No. 4 of 1999) provides for the basic law in relation to land other than the

village or reserved lands, the management of land, settlement of disputes and related matters. Since

some of the areas where the right of way may pass fall under public lands, this Act is relevant to the

proposed development. The Act lays down fundamental principles for occupying and using the land.

Among them, is the principle that any land user shall ensure that land is used productively and that

any such use complies with the principles of sustainable development.

Tanzanian land falls under three categories, namely:

• Reserved Land is land set aside for wildlife, forests, marine parks, etc., and the ways these areas

are managed is explained in the laws that protect each sector (e.g. Wildlife Conservation Act, Na-

tional Parks Ordinance, Marine Parks and Reserves Act, etc.). Specific legal regimes govern these

lands under the laws used to establish them.

• Village Land includes all land inside the boundaries of registered villages, where the Village Coun-

cils and Village Assemblies are given power to manage. The Village Land Act gives the details of

how this is to be done. The Village Land Act is governing this land.

• General Land is land, which is neither reserved land nor village land and is therefore managed by

the Commissioner. The Land Act is governing this land.

The Land Act confirms National Land Policy directive that all land in Tanzania is public land vested in

the President as trustee on behalf of all citizens. The Land Act seeks to achieve the following objec-

tives:

• to ensure that existing rights in and recognized longstanding occupation or use of land are clarified

and secured by the law;

• to facilitate an equitable distribution of and access to land by all citizens;

• to regulate the amount of land that any one person or corporate body may occupy or use; and

• to ensure that land is used productively and that any such use complies with the principles of sus-

tainable development.

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Of importance for a full RAP is the application of the concept that land has value and that value is

taken into consideration in any land affecting transaction. The Land Act demands that any person or

institution whose right of occupancy or recognized long-standing occupation or customary use of land

is revoked or otherwise interfered with to their detriment by the state under this Act or is acquired un-

der the Land Acquisition Act; should be paid full, fair and prompt compensation. In assessing compen-

sation for land acquired in the manner provided for in this Act, compensation shall be based on the:

• Market value of the real property;

• Disturbance allowance;

• Transport allowance;

• Loss of profits or accommodation;

• Loss of capital expenditure incurred with respect to the development of the subject land;

• Interest at market rate; and

• Provision of an efficient, effective, economical and transparent system of land administration.

In addition, and in relation to the proposed power transmission line, the Land Act (Section 151) states

that the Minister "may create rights of way which shall be known as public “rights of way" (ROW) to

serve for the purpose of the proposed development. In addition, it defines that a "way leave" may be

any public right of way created for the benefit of the Government, a local authority, a public authority,

or any corporate body to enable all such organizations, authorities and bodies to carry out their func-

tions within the designated area.

Regarding the application for a wayleave as the proposed power transmission line, the Land Act es-

tablishes that:

• except where the Commissioner is proposing of his own motion to create a way leave, an applica-

tion from any ministry or department of Government, or local authority or public authority or corpo-

rate body shall be made to the Commissioner;

• an application shall be made on the prescribed form and shall be accompanied by any information

which may be prescribed or which the Commissioner may in writing require the applicant to supply

and the Commissioner shall not begin the process of creating a way leave until all information

which may be prescribed or required is submitted to him;

• the applicant shall serve a notice on:

- All persons occupying land under a right of occupancy over which the proposed way leave is to

be created, including persons occupying land in accordance with customary pastoral rights;

- All local government authorities in whose area of jurisdiction the proposed way leave to be cre-

ated is located;

- All persons in actual occupation of land in an urban and peri-urban area over which the pro-

posed way leave is to be created;

- Any other interested person.

• The Commissioner shall give publicity to the application along the route of the proposed way leave

clearly and in a comprehensible manner, and inform all persons using the land over which the pro-

posed wayleave is like to be created.

Section 156 of the Act requires compensation to be paid by non-governmental corporate bodies, insti-

tutions or groups of persons to any person for the use of land of which he/she is in lawful or actual oc-

cupation. These include:

• any damage suffered in respect of trees, crops, and buildings as result of the creation of a way

leave;

• damage due to surveying or determining the route of that way leave and

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• acquisition of land for the purpose of a way leave.

The body or organization that applies for the wayleave must pay compensation to affected persons

according to national and international standards. The proposed development will entail compensa-

tion, which may call for Tanzania and World Bank guidelines to be applied. The demands by this Act

are also acknowledged by the Land Use Planning Act 2007 and The Urban Planning Act 2007. They

have now been elaborated in Resettlement Policy Framework 2009. This RPF addresses at length the

requirements of this Act and that of the next six legislations.

6.3.6 Village Land Act No. 5 of 1999

The Village Land Act No. 5 of 1999 (URT, 1999) governs village land and all matters related to land

tenure under the Village Councils. Most of the land that will be involved in the power transmission line

may be on village land, except for new areas where the way leave may be in forest reserves or social

infrastructures belonging to specific institutions. Section 8 (1), (2) and (3) of the Village Land Act em-

powers the Village Council to manage all village lands in accordance with the principles of a trustee

with the villagers being the beneficiaries. In exercising these functions, the Village Council is required

to have regard to the following principles:

• sustainable development and the relationship between land use, other natural resources and the

environment in and contiguous to the village and village land;

• the need to consult with and take account of or comply with the decisions or orders of any public of-

ficer or public authority with jurisdiction over any matter in the area where the village is; and

• the need to consult with and take account of the views of other local authorities with jurisdiction

over the village.

Although the Village Land Act recognizes the role of the Village Councils in management of village

land, most of the land in the villages is under individuals through the customary land rights. The right

of the individuals to the land must be recognized and respected and development should not take

more than the land it needs for that particular development.

6.3.7 The Land Regulation, 2001

Among several aspects, the Land Regulations provides guidance on the issue of compensation, which

is relevant in the proposed development. According to Section 10 (1) of the Land (Compensation

Claims) Regulation 2001, compensation shall take the form of:

• Monetary compensation;

• Plot of land of comparable quality, extent and productive potential to the land lost;

• A building or buildings of comparable quality, extent and use comparable to the building or build-

ings lost;

• Plants and seedlings;

• Regular supplies of grain and other basic foodstuffs for a specified time.

The Regulation (Assessment of Value for Compensation) states "...the basis for assessment of the

value of any land shall be the market value of such land". The market value is arrived at by the use of

the comparative method substantiated by actual recent sales of similar properties, or by use of income

approach or replacement cost method, in case the property is of special nature and not saleable. The

assessment of the value of land and any improvements will be done by a Qualified Valuer and verified

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by the Chief Valuer of the Government or his/her representative.

In addition, the Regulation defines affected persons that are eligible for compensation/resettlement if

some of their properties are affected by a proposed development:

• Holder of right of occupancy;

• Holder of customary right of occupancy whose land has been declared a hazard land;

• Holder of customary and who is moved or relocated because his/her land becomes granted to

other person;

• Holder of land obtained as a consequence of disposition by a holder of granted or customary right

of occupancy but which is refused a right of occupancy;

• Urban or peri-urban land acquired by the President.

If the person does not agree with the amount or method of payment or is dissatisfied with the time

taken to pay compensation, he/she may apply to the High Court for redress. If proved justifiable, the

High Court shall determine the amount and method of payment, determine any additional costs for in-

conveniences incurred, and order the plaintiff to be paid accordingly.

6.3.8 The Land Disputes Courts Act No. 2 of 2002

Every dispute or complaint concerning land shall be instituted in the Court having jurisdiction to deter-

mine land dispute in the given area (Section 3). The Courts of jurisdiction include:

(i) The Village Land Council

(ii) The Ward Tribunal

(iii) District Land and Housing Tribunal

(iv) The High Court (Land Division)

(v) The Court of Appeal of Tanzania.

The Act gives the Village Land Councils powers to resolve land disputes involving village lands (Sec-

tion 7). If the Council fails to resolve the dispute, the matter can be referred to the Ward Tribunal as

established by the Land Act (1999) and the Village Land Act. If any dispute will arise because of this

project, the provision of this Act shall be observed.

6.3.9 The Local Government Act No. 9 of 1982

The Local Government Act of 1982 is an important legal framework for Village Councils and local gov-

ernment set up. The Act establishes and regulates District Councils, township authorities and village

authorities. An important provision is the sub division of districts into divisions and wards and the es-

tablishment of Ward Development Committees along with procedures for implementation of schemes

and programmes at the ward level. Councillors represent the wards and form the main component of

the district representative team. Ward authorities and Ward Development Committees are empowered

to participate in matters related to compensation, taking land from villagers and their decision is often

considered with the seriousness it deserves.

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6.3.10 Land Use and Spatial Planning

Important pieces of legislation, which address land use planning, and management are contained in

the following laws:

• The Town and Country Planning Ordinance of 1961, which regulates the use of land in urban ar-

eas, beaches and lakeshores. It was established to facilitate land use planning schemes. Accord-

ing to the Ordinance, development is not allowed without obtaining a planning consent. it also pro-

vides a specific land-use class for ecologically sensitive areas;

• The National Land Use Planning Commission as per the Land Use Planning Act 2007 is the institu-

tion entrusted to coordinate Land Use Planning in Mainland Tanzania. It covers preparation of re-

gional physical land use plans and formulation of land use policies for implementation by the Gov-

ernment. It specifies standards, norms and criteria for the protection of beneficial uses and mainte-

nance of the quality of land. The Act does not cover urban centres, beaches and lake shores.

These provisions are relevant to the proposed development especially in urban areas of Iringa, Do-

doma, Singida and Shinyanga where power lines and substations will be built. In Bahi, the District

Council has prepared an initial Town Master Plan for District Headquarters and some key infrastruc-

tures have already started to be built. TANESCO must take into account District Plans to provide for

new administrative locations and integrate this aspect in the planning for the power line to avoid dam-

age and conflict to the proposed town planning. Concerning the latest line routing proposal those in-

frastructures will not be affected.

However, in some urban areas, physical structures such as schools, play grounds, hospitals/health fa-

cilities and offices might be affected by the proposed development. TANESCO, this project's ESIA and

RPF documents have taken into account these issues and provided mitigation options (i.e. alterna-

tives) to address such problems.

6.3.11 The Land Acquisition Act of 1967

The Land Acquisition Act (Act No. 47 of 1967) repealed and replaced the Land Acquisition Ordinance,

to provide for compulsory acquisition of land for public purposes and in connection with housing

schemes. The Act is also relevant in cases that are not related to housing schemes. Part II of the Act

refers to issues related to compensation and procedures that have to be followed when land is ac-

quired.

These procedures are also outlined in the Regulation for the Land Act discussed above and include

issues of fair and prompt compensation to affected persons. The proposed development will acquire

land from the villagers for the purpose of development.

6.4 International Agreements and Conventions

TANESCO must comply with the international conventions and agreements that Tanzania has signed

or ratified and ensure the conservation of the environment as per the agreements of conventions. The

ESIA of this Project lists four such conventions and agreements that Tanzania has ratified. While most

of the issues will be limited to the right of way, clearing of vegetation and construction of towers and

power lines may have implications on the movement of animals and birds and may change the habitat

for those species. TANESCO must ensure the loss of habitat is minimized and confined within the core

impact areas only.

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6.5 Institutional Framework

The Environmental Management Act (2004) provides an institutional set-up for environmental man-

agement with details of responsibilities at national, village and mtaa level, which is the lowest adminis-

trative level. The institutional set-up involves the following main centres:

• National Environment Advisory Committee;

• Minister Responsible for Environment;

• Director of Environment (DOE);

• National Environmental Management Council (NEMC);

• Sector Ministries;

• Regional Secretariats; and

• Local Government Authorities [City, Municipality, District and Town Councils; Township; Hamlet

(Kitongoji); Ward; Street (Mtaa); and Village].

The Vice President's Office (VPO) is the main regulatory organ and responsible for coordinating envi-

ronmental management in Tanzania. Within the VPO, is the Division of Environment and National En-

vironmental Management Council which are responsible for policy development and enforcement.

Similarly, other sector ministries and agencies are equally involved in implementing environmental pol-

icy objectives. The Environmental Management Act, Cap. 191 outlines environmental management

processes in Tanzania.

The proposed development will touch several institutions and organizations. This RPF has integrated

many of their views and concerns in the report. Beside the Office of the Vice President (DOE and

NEMC), other sectors that are involved include Ministry of Energy and Minerals, Ministry of Natural

Resources and Tourism, Ministry for Lands, Housing and Human Settlements Development, and Min-

istry of Water and Irrigation. Others are the Prime Minister's Office, Regional Administration and Local

Government, particularly the regional and district administrations along the right of way from Iringa to

Shinyanga via Dodoma and Singida.

In addition, the Ministry of Infrastructure Development, the Ministry of Education and Vocational Train-

ing and the Ministry of Health are the institutions that will be affected by the proposed development

and have been involved. The various legal aspects relevant to this RPF are provided above to indicate

the institutional boundaries within which the project will be confined.

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7. Resettlement and Social Mitigation Measures

7.1 Eligibility

Property owners in Tanzania are eligible for compensation and resettlement measures. As discussed

in the foregoing chapter, eligibility for compensation is defined in the provisions of the Land Acts and

the Land Acquisition Act. According to these legislations, all owners of properties located within the

proposed wayleave of 90 respectively 130 m at the time of inspection and valuation will be eligible for

compensation.

Inspection and valuation of each property along the finally selected route will, however, be conducted

during the detailed design of the transmission line. In the valuation for compensation processes land

forms used are Land Form No. 69 and 70 and Valuation Form No. 1 for property recording.

Notices to claim compensation will be served to all owners of affected properties along the wayleave

using Land Form No.69. A "cut-off" date for eligibility for compensation and resettlement measures will

be determined by the date on which these notifications are served. The owners or occupiers of the

properties are expected to complete and submit Land Form No.70 and to agree upon a date for official

valuation of their properties.

7.2 Categories of Project Affected People

There are mainly four categories of affected people that have been identified. These include:

• owners of plots with houses and other buildings in the wayleave;

• owners of plots with non-residential buildings in the wayleave;

• owners of plots without buildings in the wayleave;

• institutions with land and/or buildings in the wayleave.

Owners of plots with houses and other buildings in the wayleave will be affected by:

• loss of land and houses in which they are living,

• loss of other buildings and structures,

• loss of productive crop land,

• loss of standing crops.

This category of affected people will also be physically relocated and are required to relocate, will suf-

fer from loss of food supply, income sources and livelihood.

Some land and/or buildings and other infrastructures in the wayleave belong to private or public insti-

tutions such as schools, dispensaries and mosques. This category of affected or relocated people will

be affected by:

• loss of land on which they are located,

• loss of buildings and structures,

• loss of cultural heritage and practice,

• loss of health and education facilities.

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Three additional categories of affected people can further be identified. They may or may not belong

to a household already included in any of the above mentioned categories or can be affected individu-

ally. These are people or families suffering inadvertent and temporary damage to their land and prop-

erty during construction due to unforeseen actions or simply by accidents such as damage to nearby

crops, fruit trees or infrastructures. Or these can be relatives with an interest in graves adversely af-

fected by the Project and that may need to be exhumed and reburied at alternative locations. In these

cases, rituals and ceremonies will often need to be conducted and proper compensation for them

should be considered as provided for by the law.

Finally, there is the case of vulnerable people, such as widows, single mothers, child-headed house-

holds, handicapped people, HIV/AIDS victims, and the elderly who when relocated often require spe-

cial assistance to cope with the relocations. This category of relocated people is explicitly identified in

the WB OP 4.12, and therefore, requires special or supplementary measures to be taken to attend to

their particular needs.

7.3 Resettlement and Compensation Entitlements

7.3.1 Determination of Entitlements

The basic principle governing compensation is that none of the PAP should be made worse off by the

project displacements. As discussed above, the possibility of compulsory acquisition of land is well

covered in Tanzanian legislation, and includes the right for those who own or occupy land that is being

acquired to receive fair compensation from those who occupy land for declared objectives.

During the detailed design phase, a registered valuation team (preferably a Government Valuer) will

conduct inspection of all the affected properties along the finally selected transmission line route. Dur-

ing this site inspection, the valuation team will check the claims from each affected households pre-

sented in their completed and submitted Land form No. 70. Compensation details for each identified

property will be provided in individual compensation schedules which will be signed by Ward Execu-

tive Officers, District Commissioners and Regional Commissioners of relevant areas. The Chief Gov-

ernment Valuer will approve the valuation report before being submitted to the Commissioner for

Lands in Dar es Salaam for wayleave application.

7.3.2 Compensation for the Loss of Residential and Productive Land

Relocated people will receive compensation for the loss of land. Due to the linear nature of the dis-

placement most of the relocated households will be able to relocate in close proximity of their original

land holdings. As observed elsewhere, land is readily available along most of the transmission line

route and relocation of affected houses should be possible close to their original sites.

At this stage of the project cycle, there is no evidence of cases where full physical displacement of

households will be required, i.e. cases where land is unavailable in close proximity of current location.

This fact needs to be confirmed during detailed design phase and only after the finally selected route

is surveyed and marked on the ground by the survey team.

It is important to note, however, that much of the land through which the proposed transmission line

corridor runs is un-surveyed and/or un-titled land. Most of this land is held under customary land ten-

ure; through paternal links and/or village government allocations. In a few cases women have use

rights to some of the land, owning crops and sometimes even buildings.

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As discussed above, relocated people are entitled to a "disturbance allowance" to alleviate social

problems or physical hardship experienced regardless to whether or not they have to relocate to a

new area or whether they remain on the unaffected portion of their land. The legislation states that the

disturbance allowance can be calculated by multiplying the assessed value of the affected land by the

average interest rate offered by commercial banks on twelve months fixed deposits.

7.3.3 Compensation for the Loss of Houses and Other Structures

Households whose houses and other structures are located within the wayleave are entitled to com-

pensation. From the preliminary consultative meetings conducted along the route, most of the affected

households favour to be compensated in cash. For most of them the compensation awarded will en-

able them to construct similar houses and structures on the unaffected part of their plots. It may also

be possible for some of them to construct new houses and buildings on replacement plots that they

may acquire themselves.

According to the Tanzanian legislation, market values should be applied when valuing the houses and

structures affected by the creation of the wayleave. However, alternative valuation methods are often

required, especially in rural areas where there is no active market for houses or buildings. In the ab-

sence of an active and competitive housing market, the use of "replacement cost methods" will be

used.

As mentioned above, households losing their residential premises are entitled to an "Accommodation

allowance" to cover the cost of renting another premise for up to 36 months, while they are purchasing

or building their new house. It may also be the case that the rental market is not active or almost non

existent in rural areas. Hence the estimation of the monthly renting rate may also need to be done us-

ing alternative methods.

In addition to the compensation and allowances mentioned above, the project may wish to consider

providing help in organizing and supervising the construction of replacement houses and buildings to

relocated persons such as vulnerable people requesting for assistance.

It is also important to note here that inheritance of property rights is a conspicuous feature in many

places in Tanzania. Unfortunately, more often than not, heirs to a deceased's property are not always

in agreement on communal rights. In cases of compensations like in the present Project, heirs tend to

opt for individual ownership rights. There are cases where sons of deceased property owners may

want larger shares than those provided for their sisters by the wishes of the deceased.

There will also be disputes relating to attempts to dispose a property by one of the heirs against the

wishes of others. Under such circumstances the name of the deceased property owner should appear

in the valuation report and the heirs be advised to follow the legal inheritance procedures while claim-

ing the compensation rights.

7.3.4 Compensation for the Loss of Standing Crops

Households with standing crops and trees in their farms and plots within the wayleave are also entitled

to compensation. Compensation is granted to those having annual and perennial crops, including fruit

trees.

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To assess the value of standing crops a market value approach is proposed in the legislation, in par-

ticular under Section 179 of the Land (Assessment of the Value of Land for Compensation) Regula-

tions, 2001. A list of indicative average prices and estimated values of standing crops at current rates

in the different districts along the transmission line route are available in the Government Valuers of-

fices. These rates should be updated at the time the actual valuation of assets takes place.

In the rural areas of Tanzania, it is possible for an individual to own the land and lease it to other farm-

ers. Hence, individuals may own crops only on a piece of land owned by others. This means that the

owner of the crops has as much compensation rights for their crops as the landowner has for the land.

7.3.5 Removal of Graves and Cultural Properties

During the field survey conducted for the ESIA it was possible to identify households that have graves

of relatives within or close to the wayleave. In the project area, the typical cost of grave removal for re-

location is on average estimated to be around TSh 100,000. The village councils are responsible for

allocating replacement burial plots.

It was also possible to identify few areas where local communities conduct traditional ceremonies in

areas likely to be within the wayleave. In Kisaki, in Singida Municipality, it was registered a special tree

known as Mlegea designated for rituals and as a place for prayers likely to be affected by the

wayleave. According to the current regulations, there should be paid some form of compensation for

the loss of these sites.

7.3.6 People Affected by Unforeseen Construction Damages and Losses

Some households may suffer damage to their property by construction teams during the implementa-

tion of the project, which may lead to additional compensation not foreseen during later preparation of

the RAP. This could include damage to buildings, walls, fences, hedges, gardens, trees and crops.

Usually, affected parties will be able to claim compensation from the contractor.

7.4 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)

All environmental aspects to be considered within a RAP are already covered under the ESMP, pre-

sented as part of the ESIA. In this case, without a centralized resettlement site, the environmental

challenge of resettling large populations into a single location is not present. Nonetheless, single fea-

tures related to environmental management among the resettled populations are considered under the

EMP.

7.5 Grievance Mechanisms

TANESCO as a client has to be involved in all claims and disputes as the client is the one who will be

receiving and handling them. However, being an interested party to the contracts the client should not

be involved in the final ruling of disputes arising from compensation and resettlement arrangements.

There is need to identify and describe at the onset the process, procedures and mechanisms for set-

tling such disputes and grievances to be applied.

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Affected individuals and households should be informed about the existence of a defined process for

expressing dissatisfaction and to seek redress. General information regarding the existence of such

procedure should be made public during the early stages of the community consultations. A more de-

tailed description of the established process should be presented to the PAP at the time the resettle-

ment plans are approved and individual compensation contracts are signed.

As recommended by other RAPs elsewhere, the selected procedure should be simple, administered

as far as possible at the local level, to facilitate access, flexibility and openness to various proofs, tak-

ing into account that most of the PAP are poor and illiterate. Grievances and disputes related to reset-

tlement and/or compensation may arise for different reasons. Grievances may arise from mistakes re-

lated to the identification of the affected property and people within the wayleave, disagreements re-

lated to the ownership of property, disagreements on land and asset valuation, disagreements on

other compensation allowances, and problems related to the time and manner of payment of compen-

sations.

Disputes related to land ownership will need to be brought before the appropriate level of land courts

as established by law, including those established at the village level. The Land Act (Section 156) only

provides for grievances related to land acquisition and compensation issues related to the creation of

a wayleave to be brought to the High Court of Tanzania. This is usually too expensive and impractical

for most of the residents and businesses within the project area.

It is, therefore, recommended that claims and complaints regarding compensation and resettlement

issues are brought to the attention of the village/local leadership. They will then forward grievances

concerning the non-fulfilment of entitlement contracts, levels of compensation or seizure of land and

assets without compensation to the corresponding Ward Executive Officer or eventually directly to the

District Executive Director.

7.6 Overview of Mitigation Measures

In this section we present a review of mitigation measures aimed to avoid or minimize negative im-

pacts. At the implementation stage, sites where towers are to be erected will be positioned and ad-

justed, where possible, to avoid impacts with crops, trees and structures. Wherever possible, reloca-

tion of affected houses will be done on the same plot and in some cases only a portion of the building

will be relocated in order to respect the wayleave setbacks.

It is advisable that prior to defining the exact location of the camps, storages and workshops the de-

veloper should discuss with the respective District and Ward officials in order to identify the sites with

the best conditions for these purposes and avoid as much as possible negative impacts with local

communities.

7.7 Route Selection

The most relevant mitigation measure for minimizing resettlement of population has been the selection

of the transmission line route. The suggested transmission line route is now regarded as the best op-

tion, both from an environmental and a social point of view. This line route is the result of detailed

planning and field observations, conducted by the Consultant’s Team in close collaboration with ex-

perienced and well qualified counterpart personnel from TANESCO. The Team comprised transmis-

sion line route specialists and environmental and social impact assessment specialists.

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The proposed route is detailed in the ESIA, and as it is explained there, it is still not defined at the de-

tailed design level. Therefore, when the survey team goes to the field to mark and define the final

route, terrain details, as well as environmental and social aspects, will be still taken into account allow-

ing for small adjustments in order to avoid technical, social or environmental conflicts or difficulties.

As it will be explained in Chapter 8, a comprehensive consultation program was launched. Close and

direct dialogue with local authorities and communities living next to the transmission line wayleave,

has provided the necessary inputs to prepare a RAP. It includes the necessary mitigation measures to

cover the expectations of the PAP, and fulfilling the standards and criteria imposed by the local legisla-

tion and by World Bank Operational Policies.

There are of course some cases where avoiding completely the relocation of houses or buildings

through the selection of the line route have not been possible. In those cases, compensation and relo-

cation is the only mitigation measure that is left. Details about the entitlements and eligibility for com-

pensation are covered in the foregoing sections of this Chapter.

7.8 Land Use

Similar to the case of houses and buildings within the wayleave, all land holdings within the transmis-

sion line wayleave will be entitled to some compensation as a mitigation measure in the ESMP/RPF.

The details of the compensation packages will be defined after the final corridor route has been de-

cided and marked on the ground by the corresponding survey team.

The fact that certain types of land uses may be allowed within the wayleave is also part of the mitiga-

tion measures in the ESMP/RPF. For instance, the cultivation of annual crops is usually allowed within

the wayleave. Only perennials and large tree crops will be prohibited.

7.9 Restoration of Livelihoods

Employment opportunities, especially for unskilled labour will be created both during construction and

operation of the transmission line. During operation of the line, labour opportunities will in particular be

related to the maintenance of the wayleave. These opportunities should benefit the local communities

along the transmission line route. TANESCO as responsible for maintaining the wayleave should be

encouraged to use local labour for these tasks.

TANESCO and the contractor are encouraged to schedule the construction of the transmission line in

such a way that they allow those households with standing crops along the transmission line corridor

to harvest their crops. This measure will reduce the negative impacts of the construction on the food

supplies and income opportunities of the PAPs.

7.10 Infrastructure and Services

There is no particular economic development promoting measures contemplated under this RPF. As it

has been mentioned earlier, the linear nature of the transmission line project does not lend itself to the

type of promotion of economic opportunities that is more typical in other types of local resettlement

plans.

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It is impractical, for example, for the project proponent to design, implement and manage economic

development activities in 93 villages. Nevertheless, TANESCO may wish to establish dialogues with

local authorities in order to assess the possibility to contribute to local economic development promot-

ing initiatives as part of the mitigation measures of the ESMP and for completing the RAP.

7.11 Cultural Sites

Wherever possible, the routing of the transmission line will avoid sites of cultural significance, such as

cultural heritage sites, ceremonial sites, and grave yards. At this stage, a precise identification of

where and how many such graves and sites of cultural significance lie within the wayleave cannot be

ascertained a hundred per cent. Although a tentative figure has been provided in this RPF document,

a complete appraisal, as well as the identification of rerouting options, will only be possible after the fi-

nal route is decided and marks are placed on the ground.

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8. Community Participation and Consultations

8.1 Consultative Strategy

Participation is a process through which different stakeholders influence and share their views over

development initiatives and the decisions and resources that affect them. The effectiveness of reset-

tlement programs is directly related to the degree of continuing involvement of those affected by the

project. Comprehensive planning is required to assure that local government, NGOs, project staff and

affected men and women interact regularly and purposefully in all stages of the project. Participation of

different social groups directly affected by the project is a requisite of a RAP. The involvement of the

PAP in the design of the mitigation and/or resettlement plan increases the probability of successful

mitigation/resettlement initiatives.

As observed by other RAP elsewhere, linear projects have a long but fairly narrow corridor of impact.

This feature creates both advantages and difficulties. The use of narrow strips of land associated to

linear projects generally displaces few people. Indeed, linear projects may require only temporary dis-

location while transmission lines are installed. However, the challenge in this type of projects is that

the corridors tend to be long and pass through many local areas, crossing different administrative

boundaries. Coordinating and consulting with relatively small, dispersed groups of relocated persons

demand particular logistical considerations.

The public participation process that was conducted under these studies took into account this particu-

lar feature of the transmission line, namely its linear formation.

The overall goal of the consultation process should be to disseminate project information and to incor-

porate PAP’s views in the RAP. The specific aims of the consultations are to

• Improve project design and lead to fewer conflicts and delays in implementation;

• Facilitate development of appropriate and acceptable entitlement options;

• Increase long term project sustainability and ownership,

• Reduce problems of institutional coordination.

They also aim to make the resettlement process transparent; increase the effectiveness of sustainabil-

ity of income restoration strategies, and improve coping mechanisms.

8.2 The Consultative Process

8.2.1 Stakeholder Identification and Methods of Participation

Section 89 of the Environmental Management Act (EMA, 2004) and Regulation 17 (URT, 2005) pro-

vide details and procedures for public participation in the ESIA process. The term "stakeholders" has

become common in the EIA process and stakeholders' participation is important component of the EIA

process. It is one of the key factors that enhance environmental governance. Stakeholders are indi-

viduals, groups of individuals or institutions that have interest in the proposed project. This includes

those positively and negatively affected by the project. Stakeholder participation involves processes

whereby all those with an interest in the outcome of a project actively participate in decisions on plan-

ning and management of the proposed development.

In ESIA process the concept "stakeholder" is given a very broad definition to encompass all different

individuals, groups of individuals, government agencies, and beneficiaries, cooperative bodies and all

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other formal or informal groups associated with a project. The range of potential stakeholders to ESIA,

and hence also to this Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), was greatly a factor of the definition of

the project boundaries but it is important to be 'inclusive' rather than 'exclusive' and ensure that all

those who might be affected or affect the project are fully engaged in the ESIA-RAP process. Simple

methods such as stakeholder analysis, literature review and interviews were used to identify the range

of stakeholders for the proposed development. The list of stakeholders is provided in Annex 1.1 of this

RPF document.

8.2.2 Methods of Stakeholder Participation

The ESIA process which has fed into the preparation of a RAP (RPF) was conducted in all villages

that the proposed transmission line is expected to pass through. Various methods were used in ensur-

ing that all relevant stakeholders were consulted and their views incorporated in the ESIA report and

this RPF document.

Participatory methods such as focus group discussions, household questionnaires and pubic meetings

were used. The ESIA team also visited all critical sites and conducted discussions with stakeholders

on site to identify their views and concerns. The team also visited the Mtera Hydropower Plant in Ir-

inga to consult the technical people with regard to the proposed project. Specifically, the following

techniques were used in undertaking this exercise.

8.2.3 Notification to Stakeholders

It is important to ensure that stakeholders are well informed prior to undertaking and consultation. In-

troduction letters were written by TANESCO to all relevant Regional Administrative Secretaries to first

inform them about the project as well as secure permission to work in the respective districts. This let-

ters were then channelled to District Executive Director (DED) for the same purpose and to seek ap-

pointments to consult the district officials and to undertake the ESIA in the respective villages. Letters

from the DED office were then distributed to all relevant villages to secure appointments with village

government officials as well as the local communities. The general public was also notified of the pro-

ject through media that included radio, television and newspapers.

8.2.4 Household Interviews

Household questionnaires were applied in the sampled villages. The questionnaire intended to obtain

baseline information of the affected population. The information collected was basically on socioeco-

nomic issues and land related issues, but its purpose was also to obtain the views of potential PAP

regarding this project and basic compensation and resettlement issues. The socioeconomic data will

be used in future for monitoring purposes. The household sample was randomly selected but with a

focus on households that might be affected by the project.

8.2.5 Village Public Meetings

To ensure that all villagers were informed of the project, the team conducted public meetings in the vil-

lages close to the line corridor. The team also ensured that women attended and participated in the

meetings. The meetings aimed at informing the villagers regarding the project and the impacts that

could be associated with the project. Villagers were informed of the positive and negative impacts of

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the project which included loss of land, possibilities of an increased spread of HIV/Aids, especially dur-

ing the construction phase as well as other environmental and social impacts associated with the pro-

ject. Villagers were also sensitized on their right to be compensated and what has to be compensated

if they would either lose land, crops or houses. Villagers were also given an opportunity to ask ques-

tions, raise their concerns and provide information to the team on issues such as availability of land in

the village for resettlement purposes.

8.2.6 Official Meetings with Village Leaders

Similarly, village meetings were conducted in all villages supposed to be affected. These meetings

aimed at collecting specific data at the village, discussing alternative line routing that could minimize

impacts as well as identifying sensitive sites and areas, such as cultural sites and graves within the vil-

lage or its neighbourhood.

A checklist was also administered during these meetings. These meetings also aimed at sensitizing

the village leaders regarding how they could handle compensation matters and also to ensure that

they would continue to sensitize and inform other villagers who were unable to attend the village public

meetings. After each meeting a notice to the public was posted at the village office so that villagers

could have an opportunity to contact TANESCO in case of any concern during any stage of the pro-

ject.

8.2.7 Meetings with Districts Officials

Meetings were held in all thirteen districts that will be affected by the project. The aim of the meetings

was to discuss the project with the district officials and to obtain relevant data and information from the

respective districts. Issues of alternative land and compensation were also discussed with these offi-

cials.

8.2.8 Consultations with Other Relevant Stakeholders

In Dar es Salaam the team also consulted various stakeholders at ministerial and Government Agen-

cies to obtain views at policy level. These included the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism

Forestry and Beekeeping Division, the Division of Antiquities, TANROADS and TANESCO. Other

stakeholders consulted in Dar es Salaam at this level included the Ministry of Agriculture and Food

Security and the Ministry of Lands and Human Settlements. Various mining development companies

that are based in the northern parts of the country were also consulted to get their views regarding the

project.

8.3 Summary of Stakeholder Issues and Concerns

Stakeholders consulted for this specific development project had various views and concerns. Details

of these views and concerns are provided in Annex 1.2 of this RPF document. Briefly most of the

views gathered from the stakeholders are positive about the project and expect that the project will

have a positive impact to the economy of the nation. However, most concerns raised by the stake-

holders revolved around land and compensation issues.

Discussions from various district officials and those at the village level showed concern, on the way

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the land acquisition procedure for development activities is undertaken in the country. In most cases

local communities are not well informed of their rights as well as the whole procedure. For instance

there are other allowances such as disturbance allowance, loss of profits for house/business premises

that will be affected are also supposed to be compensated. But because of lack of awareness some

local people are denied such payments. During stakeholders' involvement in this assessment, sensiti-

zation was also undertaken to ensure that all affected people are aware of what they are supposed to

be compensated.

Another concern raised by stakeholders with regard to compensation was related to delay of compen-

sation once properties including land and houses have been valuated and acquired by a developer.

"We have experience from the current Dodoma -Shinyanga road project, it took more than two years

for us to be compensated," complained a member of local community at Chikuyu. It was further

learned at Ntondo and Isuna villages that it has taken up to three years for some people to be com-

pensated by the road project. "By the time you are compensated the amount of money you obtain

does not suffice your requirement due to inflation", they said.

Stakeholders were informed that the land law is very clear regarding time as to when one has to be

compensated, and if not compensated on time, the law requires the developer to pay the affected per-

son.

Another issue that was also raised with regard to compensation was on value given to affected proper-

ties. It was noted that prices given to crops, both seasonal and perennial, was very low compared to

the actual value of investment cost of a particular crop. Discussions with officials from the Ministry of

Agriculture and Food Security revealed that values of crops are supposed to be reviewed after every

three years, though sometimes this is not the case. The value of bare land was also another issue

raised by various stakeholders. Many of the stakeholders complained that it is very low compared to

the actual market value in different areas. Under these circumstances most affected persons end up

not being able to buy the same size and quality of land after being compensated.

In order to address these concerns some stakeholders recommended the following:

• Compensation modalities: Most people were concerned with the transparency and participatory na-

ture of the compensation procedures, and requested that PAP should be key actors in this proce-

dure. Compensation should be paid directly to the affected people before construction.

• Valuation process: there were also concerns regarding the valuation of the assets of the people to

be economically and/or physically relocated. Communities requested to involve direct beneficiaries

in this process.

• Review of crop prices for compensation should be conducted every year and should involve rele-

vant District Agriculture Officials. It is important to involve district officials because investment costs

of crops differ from one area to another due to variation in physical environment.

• Compensation of land value should include investment cost; e.g. for the preparation of rice/paddy

fields one has to invest more compared to the preparation of a maize fields.

• Compensation should also consider fertility of land and a much higher price should be paid for fer-

tile land, e.g. price for land adjacent to water sources different to barren land.

This RPF document, among other things, also recommends on how best the compensation issue

should be undertaken as this will minimize most of the identified impacts associated with the project as

well as reduce conflicts between the developer and local communities.

Several stakeholders raised their concerns regarding the prospect of increased spreading of HIV/Aids

in their villages as well as district as result of the proposed development. World Vision, an NGO that

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operates in most of the areas covered by the project, were also concerned about this and demanded

that efforts to prevent the spread and to intensify awareness amongst the people and workers must be

made.

In most areas the rate of infection is already alarming. For instance, Iringa Region is already ranking

as number one in the country (Ministry of Health 2007). Hence, every measure must be taken to pre-

vent further spread.

Most of the consulted District Council and Municipal officials as well as those at the village level high-

lighted the importance of the proposed project to the nation, districts and local communities. For in-

stance, the officials at Kishapu District support the project with an expectation that the increase of

electricity supply will enable the district to be connected to the National Grid. Currently the district is

not connected to this important service.

Since few direct benefits have been identified for the communities and families directly affected by the

construction of the transmission line, the communities along the route requested that some ways to

provide benefits to them should be sought. In the community meetings, the population mentioned that

the provision of certain public services, such as electricity, water, schools and health centres could be

considered as likely measures to promote sharing of benefits of the project with those communities

and families affected by it.

Local communities were also concerned as to when they would directly benefit with such projects.

They were complained that they were tired of not only providing security to TANESCO infrastructures

but also loosing land for TANESCO projects without enjoying the services provided by such infrastruc-

tures. Furthermore, several villagers were hopeful that with the proposed increase in production of

electricity, it was now appropriate for them to have electricity just like other Tanzanians in the urban

areas. The assessment of willingness to use electricity showed that most local communities are willing

to adopt use of electricity, only that the cost of electricity connection was too high for them.

The proposed project is expected to affect about 93 villages in 13 districts and 5 regions. However, out

of the 93 villages likely to be affected, 16 villages are connected to the National Grid, of which most

are in urban areas. Discussions with TANESCO officials revealed that in order to solve this problem,

the company is currently implementing a Rural Electrification Project which aims at increasing the

number of villages which will be connected to the National Grid.

Other stakeholders mentioned about benefits from the project such as increase of employment oppor-

tunity especially for young people though they were concerned that employment may be given to out-

siders whilst the local people are left with simple manual jobs; other benefits included emergence of

auxiliary activities, increased supply of electricity, revenue to the nation and benefits that would accrue

as a result. Money gotten from compensations was expected to improve their standards of living.

Other concerns from villagers who will be affected by the proposed project were basically associated

with the new location for settlement and that it would probably not be possible to obtain land of similar

quality or to obtain arable land at all. People were afraid that some of them might be forced to migrate

to villages far from their economic activities and other basic social infrastructures. Though villagers are

concerned about losing their properties, especially houses, generally they are willing to relocate as

they recognize the importance of this project to the nation. After understanding what they are actually

supposed to be compensated, they found that this is an opportunity for them to build a better future.

Discussions with relevant District Land Officers (DED) indicated that within the districts it is still possi-

ble to resettle affected populations as there are other villages with enough land. As discussed above,

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the ESIA team conducted a survey of alternative routes for the project that would minimize the number

of houses to be demolished by the project.

The developer also needs to take into account that there are other areas that have been planned for

development that might be implemented before the actual survey and compensation for this project

has taken place. For instance in Bahi, the district intends to construct a bus stand within the proposed

site, though the actual date for implementation has not been determined. Bahi District has also desig-

nated large part of the area for the new district headquarters and these issues must be taken into ac-

count during the planning of this transmission line in order to avoid land use conflicts.

Private companies working in the mining sector highlighted the benefit of the proposed development

project that will solve the lack of electricity for the industries (currently the country's electricity supply

does not suffice the demand) and also increase power stability. Investors also revealed that the pro-

posed development project would improve industrial development in Tanzania as well as increase the

national income.

Communities and local leaders advocated also for the establishment of programmes and awareness

campaigns on implication of HIV/AIDS before and during the project implementation, targeted to both

contractors and community members. Provide information and create awareness on safety matters re-

lated to the high tension transmission lines; in particular focusing on school children close to the corri-

dor, but also to the community at large. Involvement of the respective local leaders in the villages and

wards was highly appreciated.

Most District Executive Directors such as those of Iramba, Iringa Municipal, Iringa Rural and Kishapu

District emphasized the importance of TANESCO facilitating a meeting for the various councillors

within each affected district. These meeting would be used as a forum to create awareness to the po-

litical leaders who are supposed to continue to sensitize local people on project relevant issues. Ac-

cording to the District Executive Director of Iramba District land related matters are very sensitive to

local people; but they have much trust in their councillors than any district official. If they hear it from

their councillors they will appreciate, accept and understand. Though in some villages councillors par-

ticipated in the consultative meetings, this report recommends that the developer prepares more of

such forums.

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9. Institutions and Implementation Arrangements

9.1 Overview of Relevant Institutions

As observed by earlier Resettlement Action Plans, there is no single agency in Tanzania that has

mandate for the planning and providing resettlement and compensation help in cases where people

are involuntarily relocated for development projects. It is, however, agreed in principle that the project

proponent assumes the responsibility for delivery of entitlements even though a number of other ac-

tors may be involved. In the case of the Iringa-Shinyanga Transmission Line, the most relevant institu-

tions related to the resettlement planning and implementation will be TANESCO (the Project Propo-

nent), the Ministry of Land and Human Settlement Development, District Councils/Municipalities, Vil-

lage Councils and the National Environment Management Council (NEMC).

9.1.1 TANESCO (The Project Proponent)

The actual implementation of the transmission line will be undertaken by an entity named "the Project

Developer" at this stage. We can borrow the definition used by the Draft National Environmental Im-

pact Assessment (EIA) Guidelines and Procedures from 2005 to describe the "Proponent/Developer":

"Any private person or group of persons or government department or parastatal who carry out an un-

dertaking or proposes to carry them out, whether they be corporations, companies, agencies, groups,

or individuals, are described as proponent/developer. A proponent may be either the person or organi-

zation that owns, manages, controls or finances an undertaking".

TANESCO is a Public Company established in 1964, and is under the Ministry of Energy and Minerals

which regulates its operation on behalf of the government. The major responsibilities of TANESCO are

generation, transmission, distribution and sales of electricity to Tanzania mainland and bulk power

supply to the island of Zanzibar. The company is organized into directorates including the "Directorate

of Strategic Planning and Projects". This Directorate deals with planning of projects like this one, and

deals with environmental and social issues related to energy development projects.

TANESCO has played a significant role in the implementation of RAP in the context of other transmis-

sion lines in Tanzania. TANESCO will be responsible for following up some aspects of the Environ-

mental and Social Management Plan. This entity should also be responsible for making sure that the

financial commitments established in a RAP, i.e. compensation entitlements, are considered in the to-

tal project budget and are available at the proper time.

9.1.2 Ministry of Land and Human Settlement Development

The Ministry of Land and Human Settlement Development is charged with policy, regulations, and co-

ordination matters pertaining to land in Tanzania. The Minister administers the Land Acquisition Act,

the Land Act no. 4 of 1999 and Village Land Act No.5 of 1999. The Commissioner of Lands adminis-

ters issues to do with land allocation, acquisition, registration and land management in general. All in-

stances of acquisition of land and public purposes and the need for resettlement and/or compensation

have to be referred to the Commissioner.

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9.1.3 Local Governments

Tanzania is made up of 26 regions and 130 districts. The Executive Directors or Municipal Directors

administer the districts. The role of the Directors is to administer and coordinate all district and munici-

pal activities and projects. There are also District Commissioners at every respective District to over-

see the district peace, law, order and tranquillity. In each district there are a number of wards adminis-

tered by the Ward Councils under the Ward Executive Officers. The responsibilities to oversee and

monitor any development activities rest at the ward level.

At the level of the districts and municipalities there are land officers. They are responsible for land af-

fairs, resettlement and compensation issues in their respective areas. There are also other officers

dealing with land issues at the district levels, for instance: land surveyors, land valuers and town plan-

ners.

9.1.4 National Environment Management Council (NEMC)

The Council is governed by the National Environment and Management Act No. 20 of 2004. The role

of NEMC is to provide legal and institutional guide for the sustainable management of Tanzania envi-

ronment. NEMC has the role of advising the government on issues related to environment and social

issues.

Although NEMC is not part of institutional framework governing the resettlement issues in Tanzania,

the Council can communicate with responsible institutions governing these issues for any concerns in

the RAP process.

9.2 Site Selection, Preparation and Relocation

Being a linear project, there is no need for a centralized relocation of resettled households. The large

majority of those with residential houses within the wayleave will relocate in their own yards, just out-

side the wayleave. Nonetheless, the following steps should provide a guideline to ensure that reset-

tlement sites have been properly selected where necessary.

9.2.1 Site Selection

Site selection is to be done based on available land, maps and available data for evaluating potential

sites. Site selection should be discussed with project affected people (PAP), their representatives and

local officials prior to their termination..

9.2.2 Financial and Economic Analysis

Although no detailed feasibility study is expected, detailed economic and financial analysis of the re-

settlement action plan is necessary to ensure that the proposed plan is economically viable.

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9.2.3 Land Acquisition

For those requiring replacement plots, they can either purchase new plots using the allowances re-

ceived, or ask for assistance if they consider the identification and selection of a new site too cumber-

some. The Project Proponent, in collaboration with local authorities, should be open to provide assis-

tance to find new plots for resettled households if the need arises.

9.2.4 Movement

No movement of the PAP is envisioned in this case. However, should there be need to move people,

movement should take place only when the new sites are ready with the minimal basic amenities and

initial training of resettlement staff, extension workers and PAP representatives has been accom-

plished.

9.2.5 Integration with Host Populations

In this case, as is common in linear projects without a centralized resettlement site or location, with a

rather long and narrow corridor of impact, the issue of integrating resettled families within host popula-

tions is not a major area of concern. Relocation will in general take place either on same plots already

owned by the family or in a close proximity to the original site. Families will not be resettled among

new and/or unknown communities, demanding special integration measures for the resettled popula-

tion.

9.2.6 Housing, infrastructure, and Social Services

Design and construction of the houses to those PAP who prefer to be provided a house instead for

cash compensation, including provision of basic infrastructure, are pre-requisites to the movement of

the PAP.

9.3 Institutional Arrangements

The Project Proponent may consider the establishment of some or all of the suggested institutional ar-

rangements to deal, internally and externally, respectively with the resettlement issues associated to

the Iringa -Shinyanga 400 kV Transmission Line. A Compensation Committee may be created inter-

nally within the Project Proponent's organization with representatives of the different units involved in

the Transmission Line, including the relevant Regional and District Offices.

The Directorate for Strategic Planning and Projects, which is the one having experience and human

resources specialized in environmental and social aspects may chair this committee. The main objec-

tive of this Committee is to discuss and agree on a common corporate policy towards the resettlement

plan. It is important that the Project Proponent, which is a relatively large organization, has an internal

forum to appraise and discuss their policies and strategies towards resettlement.

An ESMP/RAP Implementation Unit may be created within the Iringa -Shinyanga Transmission Line

Project to implement and manage the project’s ESMP and RAP. This unit may be structured to provide

coordination, technical support and services at several levels of project implementation. This unit

should, among other tasks, provide coordination for land acquisition and compensation, relocation and

- 78 -


resettlement, distribution of project-related assistance, and support PAP access to all the assistance

available from governmental or local development programs, as well as all those entitlements to which

they are eligible.

A Compensation Steering Committee may also be created to coordinate the implementation and the

monitoring of the RAP. This Steering Committee may include representatives of the Project Propo-

nent, representatives of relevant districts, relevant ministries (Energy and Minerals; Lands and Human

Settlement Development), and optional representatives of relevant local NGOs, and specialized con-

sulting firms appointed by TANESCO.

9.4 Activities and Responsibilities

The following is a non-exhaustive list of key activities that should be undertaken as part of implemen-

tation of the RAP.

9.4.1 Transmission Line Definition

Before the planning and implementation of the RAP can be continued, it is imperative that the detailed

design of the transmission line and the survey of the final route are conducted. As part of the detailed

design and the field survey of the route the finally defined route should be marked on the ground, for

example with Iron Pin in Concrete (IPC), and numbered with readily identifiable symbols T1, T2, etc.

This information is necessary and will be used by the valuation team during the inventory and valua-

tion of assets as part of the full RAP.

9.4.2 Compensation Process Preparation Phase

This phase leads to the contractual agreement and ends with signature between the PAP and the Pro-

ject Proponent, defining precisely the value of compensation. The process preparation phase will be-

gin with the inspection of affected properties and households by the Registered District Valuer, and

assignation of registration numbers to each relocated household. This will be followed by serving no-

tice to PAP on the prescribed Land Form No. 69, completion of compensation claims by PAP on the

prescribed Land Form No. 70, determination of compensation rates for specific items and individual

compensation entitlements and values of compensation by the Registered District Valuer, and produc-

tion of valuation report, submitted to Chief Government Valuer in MLHSD for approval. These will then

be followed by compilation of individual compensation schedules, indicating the breakdown and total

amount of compensation to be paid to each claimant, forwarding it to the Project Proponent and the

respective District Land Officers, and conducting a PAP household survey.

9.4.3 Resettlement Process Preparation Phase

This phase defines how each entitled family will be compensated (resettlement land plot, in-kind pay-

ment, or cash payment) and ends with a signature of receipt of the entitlements. The activities in-

volved will include delivery of entitlements after approval of the Valuation Report and Compensation

Schedule by the Commissioner of Lands. Payments must be made within six months after Regional

Commissioner sign compensation schedules, otherwise interest has to be paid to compensate the

PAP. This will be followed by confirmation of receipt of entitlements by the PAP who should sign a re-

ceipt of the entitlements on the compensation schedule, permitting the use of the wayleave. After that

an order will be published in the Government Gazette creating the wayleave.

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10. Monitoring and Evaluation

10.1 Overview

In order to fulfil the requirements of the World Bank in that relocated people are adequately handled

and are left in a position no worse off than they were prior to project implementation, monitoring and

evaluation should be undertaken. Both internal and external monitoring evaluation should be carried

out during compensation and implementation of the resettlement plan.

Internal monitoring will we done regularly by the project sponsor‘s PMU while external monitoring and

evaluation will be done in intervals by a third party, i.e. a regulatory agency, its consultants or by an

independent NGO.


porting systems will be clearly indicated in the monitoring plan that will be established by the project

sponsor’s PMU and by the regulatory agency, respectively.

Monitoring and evaluation is also recommended some time after resettlement has been concluded in

order to assess the medium and long term effects of the resettlement exercise.

In the case of linear projects, the evaluation and monitoring of resettlement present practical and logis-

tical challenges, since the resettled population is widely dispersed along the transmission line. In our

case, it will constitute a real challenge to implement monitoring of resettlement along 683 / 667 km, in

5 administrative regions, 13 districts and 93 villages.

10.2 General Objectives and Evaluation Monitoring

Evaluation and monitoring are key components of the RAP, and as such can be embedded into the

EMP. After the organizational arrangements for the operation of the line have been defined, the re-

sponsible for the operation of the transmission line may want to include the monitoring and evaluation

of the RAP as part of its management and maintenance routines along the line.

The monitoring and evaluation procedures will have the following general objectives, i.e. to evaluate

the compliance of the actual implementation with objectives and methods as given in the RAP, and of

the impact of the compensation/resettlement program on incomes and standard of living; and to moni-

tor specific situations of economic/social difficulties arising from the compensation/resettlement proc-

ess.

10.3 Evaluation Objectives

These are two categories of these objectives, i.e. the internal and external objectives as discussed

hereunder.

10.3.1 Internal Monitoring and Evaluation

The internal evaluation has the specific objectives of general assessment of the compliance of the im-

plementation of the RAP with objectives and methods defined in this document; assessment of the

compliance of the implementation of the RAP with laws regulations and safeguard policies as stated

- 80 -


above; and assessment of the consultation procedures that took place at individual and community

levels, as well as with relevant district and national authorities.

The other objectives are to assess the fairness, adequacy and prompt compensation and resettlement

procedures as they have been implemented; to evaluate the impact of the compensation/resettlement

program on incomes and/or standards of living, with focus on the "no worse-off" requirement; and to

identify actions to be taken as part of the on-going monitoring to improve the positive impacts of the

program and mitigate against possible negative impacts.

Internal monitoring will we done regularly by the project sponsor‘s PMU, i.e. the same Unit that will su-

pervise the sound realization of the ESMP by the Contractor. However, the establishment of a specific

Project Resettlement Unit by the project proponent TANESCO is recommended.

The Monitoring Plan established by TANESCO’s PMU will be passed to the relevant District Authori-

ties (DPO etc.) for implementation.

10.3.2 External Monitoring and Evaluation

External evaluations may be conducted for instance either by WB missions and/or by missions of rep-

resentatives of third parties such as consultants, scientific institutes or NGO. The external monitoring

evaluations may cover aspects such as the implementation progress, the compensation and resettle-

ment policies, the status of the delivery of entitlements, the progress and changes in living conditions

of relocated people and consultation with affected people (PAP) and other stakeholders.

Independent evaluation of the RAP implementation should be conducted in at least two successive

stages. The first of these evaluations should take place within 6 months after completion of the imple-

mentation, while the second may take place within two years after completion of the implementation.

For comparative purposes, both evaluations should be carried out using a similar methodology and

using the same indicators.


porting systems will be clearly indicated in the monitoring plans that will be established by the project

sponsor’s PMU and the regulatory agency, respectively.

10.4 Monitoring Objectives

On the other hand, the objectives of monitoring will be to identify affected persons who might get into

difficulties as a result of the compensation/resettlement process; and to provide a safety mechanism

and appropriate responses addressing these situations.

10.5 Conclusion

This RPF document has noted that the proposed project will meet backbone requirements for increas-

ing the national power demand and policies and will have little to moderate negative impacts on envi-

ronment and people. The more serious concerns revolve around social impacts, to which mitigation

measures, including compensations have been proposed. Therefore, the proposed development quali-

fies for consideration alongside the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. For the loss

of land, crops and structures, the ESIA recommends alternative routings as a measure to reduce the

- 81 -


effect of the proposed project on such structures. The proposed alternatives do not completely remove

impacts, but simply reduces the severity of the impacts. For example, some alternatives may reduce

the number of affected houses and structures in some specific areas or will affect houses whose value

is relatively low, and hence manageable through compensation.

In addition, the RPF recommends fair and prompt compensation where alternative routes are unten-

able. All project affected people must receive cash compensation based on national and international

standards applicable in such cases so that the compensation renders them at least as well off and

possibly better off than before the commissioning of the transmission line.

A valuation of properties will be carried out by government valuers to identify all affected households

and to determine the value of houses, fixed assets, crops and trees that will be lost because of the

transmission line. A grievance or complaint procedure will be established to make sure that all PAP

are properly compensated and have a possibility to appeal if they are dissatisfied with the awarded

compensation amount. Considerable notification must be given to all PAP to participate in person in

meetings deliberating on compensation issues, as detailed in this RPF document.

- 82 -


11. Indicative Resettlement Cost

A first but very limited estimation of the expected resettlement and compensation costs for the loss of

houses, infrastructures, bare and cultivable land, income sources, and deterioration of living conditions

and livelihood of the affected population in general are summarized in Table 11-1. The figures are

based on standard cost parameters for houses, infrastructures and land. Rates for allowances and

contingencies are derived from other recently performed RAP studies for TANESCO.

The real necessary budget for resettlement and compensation will be calculated by independent gov-

ernmental valuers when the decision on the final line routing has taken place.

This very preliminary calculation of compensation cost totals to 6.6 million EUR but will be subject of a

review as long as it is based on standard parameters from selected regions and not based on the cri-

teria of eligibility of the project affected population to receive compensation, the final number of people

who will be really subject of the resettlement action plan, and the definite number of infrastructures

and size of perimeters. These figures therefore are and should not be considered for policy decision

until a proper valuation exercise has been conducted on the selected right of way for this project.

Table 11-1: Indicative Cost Estimation for RAP ("resettlement budget")

Issue Unit No. EUR/unit TEUR MThS

Houses no. 850 2,000 1.700 2.890,0

infrastructures lump sum 500 850,0

Total buildings 2.200 3.740,0

agricultural area ha 1022 800 818 1.389,9

compensation for crops (2*value of cultivated area) 1.635 2.779,8

areas prone for settlement ha 147 600 88 149,9

(uncultivated) bare land ha 3771 150 566 961,6

sum 5.307 9.021,3

allowances/compensation 13% 690 1.172,8

sum 5.997 10.194,1

contingencies 10% 600 1.019,4

Total Sum 6.596 11.213,5

1 EUR equivalent to 1,700 TSh; TEUR = Thousand EURO; MTSh = Million Tanzanian Shilling

- 83 -


12. References

• OECD (1992). Guidelines for Aid Agencies on Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement in De-

velopment Projects, No. 3.

• Office for Promoting Private Power Investments (OPPPI) (2006). Environmental and Social Impact

Assessment for 330kV Transmission Line from Mbeya to Singida. Draft Resettlement Action Plan,

prepared by NORPLAN.

• SONGAS (2000). Songo Songo Gas to Electricity Project: Environment and Social Management

Plan..

• TANESCO (2005). Wayleave Village Electrification Scheme (WVES) Project. Compensation Action

Plan,. Final Report prepared by Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam.

• TANESCO (2007). Distribution and Transmission Rehabilitation Project (Dar es Salaam, Moshi,

and Arusha) Proposed High Voltage Transmission Lines in Dar es Salaam. Resettlement Action

Plan. Final Report. Maputo: Impacto.


Annex 1

Stakeholder Consultation


Annex 1.1: People Consulted (13 Districts)

Name Position District

District Officials

Theresia Mbando Municipal Director Iringa Municipal

Wilberd Wampembe Municipal Surveyor Iringa Municipal

Tina Sekambo District Executive Director Iringa Rural

Mshauri Minenaki District Natural Resource Office Dodoma Municipal

Hellen F. Minja Municipal Community Development Officer Dodoma Municipal

Devota I.Nyange Valuer - Municipal Dodoma Municipal

Mshauri Minenaki District Natural Resource Office Dodoma Municipal

Kuyenga, C.M Valuer Dodoma Municipal

Ansbert S. Rwamahe Municipal Game Officer Dodoma Municipal

J.A. Mwakasege District Community Development Officer Mpwapwa

Mabula I. Isambula Surveyor Mpwapwa

Joseph M. Halamga District Natural Resource Officer Mpwapwa

Eng. J.E. Mbeyela District Engineer Bahi

C.K Mumwi Natural Resources Officer Bahi

J.V. Mnara Natural Resources Officer Bahi

I.A.Msofu District auditor Bahi

Rehema Nchimbi District Development Officer Bahi

Wallace Kiama Cooperative Officer Bahi

Salama Mangala Lawyer Bahi

Juliana Kerengi District Treasurer Bahi

Emmanuel Mziwanda Bahi

R.T. Mwenda Bahi

Mary A. Mathew Education Officer Bahi

Eliud Kongola District Agricultural Officer Bahi

Mathias Buhoro Water Engineer Bahi

Hassan Nzobe District Treasurer Bahi

Amede Amani District Community Stakeholder Consulta-

tion Development Officer

Bahi

Shedrack Moshi District Community Development Officer Bahi

Beatrice K. Msomisi District Executive Officer Bahi

Daud Mayeji Chamwino

Mohamed O. Sumoe Chamwino

George E. Loth Chamwino

Kissa Ino District Planning Officer Manyoni

Machael Msigwa District Natural Resource Officer Manyoni

Athman Masasi PLO Manyoni

Julian J. Tarimo PLO Manyoni

Kenan M. Ng'ombe District Treasurer Manyoni

Anusiata Lyimo District Executive Officer (DED) Singida Rural

Paskazia G. Kyaruzi District Land Officer Singida Rural

Karoli Lukondo District Surveyor Singida Rural

Robert Kitimbo District Executive Officer (DED Singida Municipal

K. Aristide Town Planner Singida Municipal


Name Position District

R. Danyukile District Land Officer Singida Municipal

Fortunatus H. Fwema DED Iramba

Mathias Mkumbo DALDO Iramba

Theophil Ndunguru DPLO Iramba

Mangula I. Lusungu Iramba

Esther N. Romole Ag. DED Kishapu

Sarai Pura Ag. DALDO Kishapu

Leonard Koyo DCDO Kishapu

Shadrack M. Nitwa DFO Kishapu

Pharles Mahushi Planning Officer Kishapu

Kassian B. Oswald Ag. DED Shinyanga Municipal

Engelbert Mdulla Land Officer Shinyanga Municipal

Rogasian P. Seda Economist Shinyanga Municipal

Dina Madeje Planning Officer Igunga

Herman Hengele Land Department Igunga

Ministry Officials and Government Agencies

Mwita S. William MNRT - Antiquities Department

Aloyce Tango MNRT - Forest and Beekeeping Division

Dr. J. Ningu MAFC - Planning Division

Luhoro Julius TANROADS

Village and ward level Village and Ward Executive Officers

Village Officials and Village Public Meetings Participants

A volume with name lists of about 3500 people attending public meetings is available at TANESCO

(Appendix: Stakeholders Names and Signatures, Dec. 2008)


Annex 1.2: Summary of Stakeholder's Views and Concerns

Stakeholders Views/Concerns

TANESCO • Our main objective of the new 400kv line is to strengthen supply of elec-

tricity to the north-west mainly to support the mining activities in the area

Mr. Maeji - DED Cham-

wino District

• We can not say no to the project as it is public interest.

• TANESCO needs to involve various stakeholders at an early stage to

avoid conflicts especially local people and their leaders such as council-

lors.

• Compensation is also the major problem in such projects; people are not

well informed of the process making it difficult for them to understand

the whole process

• We need to know and have data of affected persons in each village

within the district so that we can organise if they are to be reallocated.

• It is also important if officials from the district will also be involve in sen-

sitizing local people regarding the project, issues of land acquisition and

compensation.

Mr Sunu - Planning Offi-

cer-Chamwino District

Council

• TANESCO rarely involve the district in its development plans which we

think is important as we are also stakeholders

• It is also important for TANESCO to consider supplying electricity in ar-

eas that the national grid goes through so that these people can also

benefit from the project. For instance the step down at Mtera could be

used to supply electricity to local people.

• Local communities are playing an important role in providing security to

TANESCO infrastructure; this job can not be done by the police alone,

that is why we insist they should benefit from the project directly and in-

directly.

Mr Loti - Land and Natu-

ral Resource Officer

Chamwino District

• The district valuer should be involved; it is also good if TANESCO in-

volve government valuers to avoid as they are more competent in un-

dertaking valuation of properties according to the law.

• There is land available within the district if need be to reallocate some of

the affected people for specification of where to obtain the land we need

to identify and analyse

• However most areas in the district have ownership there fore even for re

allocation we might need to re acquire the land or even compensate ar-

eas that we shall be obtaining land.

Dodoma Municipal • Raise awareness to the community on issues related to compensations

and other individual’s rights

• Rate of compensations for different items should be clear and take into

account the inflation rate in the country

• Compensations rates for perennials and annual crops are outdated,

should revised to meet the current value of crops

• TANESCO should have programs to support NGO’s, CBO’s and other

institutions dealing with environmental conservation in Dodoma region

by providing funds for tree planting

• TANESCO should request plots to CDA on behalf of those who their

houses will be demolition during the project implementation, this is spe-

cifically for Mkonze village, where land is a problem and application for

plots ion individual bases has been a problem and it will take time for

them to be considered.



Mpwapwa District • Compensation should take into account the current value of an item to

be compensated

• Compensation of social services should be done before project take off.

• District authorities including ward councillors should be involved in all

matters related to valuation and compensation.

• TANESCO should take responsibilities for the environmental destruction

which will be made during project implementation, e.g. planting trees in

other areas to compensate for the destroyed ecosystem.

Mr F Fwema - DED

Iramba District

• Compensation is the major issue in such projects

• Our main objective as local government is to work for the people at

grass root level and our operations are through participation to enhance

democracy

• We should ensure that the project does not lead into conflicts in the area

• It is best if there will be an opportunity for capacity building to the coun-

cillors, local people look at them as their representatives and they trust

them more

• There is therefore a need to have a forum between TANESCO, Local

Government officials and various Councillors

Mr Matias Mkumbo -

Land and Natural Re-

source Officer-Iramba

District

• There is enough land in the district my main concern is if affected people

will be ready to be reallocated in other areas; we therefore need to edu-

cate councillors who will then educate local people

• Iguguno, Misigiri and Shelui these are small towns and they already

have land use plans

• We recommend the proposed line should not affect the already sur-

veyed areas as this will create a lot of problems to the land office

• Sekenke forest has already been gazetted as a forest reserve under

participatory forest management, the owner is therefore the district

council and 18 villages

Mr. Kisa Ino - District

Planning Officer -

Manyoni District and

Mr. Michael Msigwa

• The existing power transmission line has been a problem to landing and

takeoff of planes in Manyoni. Adding another line in the area will make

things worse. For instance, there has been an incidence of qualea

qualea outbreak in the district; attempts to control vermin using chemi-

cals sprayed by helicopters have been hindered because of poor land-

ing environment caused by the presence of power transmission line. Al-

ternatively, they have been forced to land in Itigi, which is very far from

Manyoni town and expensive.

• If possible the airport should be relocated to another place and the dis-

trict is ready to provide another area for air port construction.

• Some of the villages where the proposed transmission line will pass are

prospective areas for uranium mining e.g. Solya, Chibumagwa and Chi-

kuyu. Therefore, care should be taken to ensure that environment and

the people are not affected and conflict of interest between miners,

TANESCO and villagers is addressed.

• Beekeeping is an important economic activity in Manyoni district, de-

struction of environment by cutting trees which are potential areas for

bees will definitely affect this industry and income of the people and the

council at large. The compensation exercise should take into account

the value of the environment to be destroyed.

• The cost for surveying other areas to establish settlement for affected



people in Manyoni town should be covered by TANESCO.

• TANESCO should establish a program to support environmental con-

servation programs in areas where they destroyed the environment.

World Vision • Our NGO is operational in this area and the rate of HIV in these area

needs to be taken into consideration

• It is important to build capacity and conduct sensitization on HIV/AIDS to

workers that will be involved in the construction of the project as well as

local communities

• We can conduct the sensitization but we must be informed early as we

have our own annual work plans so in case of any activities we need to

in cooperate in the work plan.

Igunga Land Office • Within the district there is no land that has no ownership especially po-

tential land which is very limited.

• The district should be involved during the survey so that we can know

where exactly is the line going to pass

• Most of our villages in the district have not been surveyed, some have

village certificate as well.

• Affected village governments should also be well informed so that they

can assist in finding alternative land for the affected people.

• Most of the areas that the project intends to acquire are actually the fer-

tile once; it will be difficult for the affected people to obtain fertile land in

other areas.

Ms Esther N. Romole -

Acting DED - Kishapu

District

• We accept the project because we expect in future electricity will reach

our district; currently the district is not connected to the National Grid.

• The main issue is compensation if the procedures are not well known to

local people it will create conflicts

• It is also important to use local people leaders such as counsellors and

village government officials to disseminate information

• We expect the project will employ our local people so that they can also

benefit from the project.

• The district has a team that can facilitate in educating local people on

HIV/AIDS issues; peer educators can be facilitated by TANESCO and

educate people in the affected areas.

Agriculture Office -

Kishapu District

• In this area some of our farmers grow hay to feed their animals some

being natural grass; they invest their time and money; this should also

be considered during compensation

• What value will you use to compensate in areas that people are already

practising mining?

• Ministry of agriculture for quite some has not updated compensation

rates for various crops, however its important for valuers to consider that

cost for production for various crops differ from one place to another.

• It is also important to educate politicians especially counsellors

Community Development

- Kishapu District

• What do you do to cultural issues? Are they also compensated cause

sometimes they have impact to communities

• Compensation has always been a problem, the process is not clear to

most people and in most cases the payments are delayed



Acting DED - Shinyanga

Municipality

• It is very important to involve local people from the preliminary stage of

the project

• At Ibadakuli village TANESCO might need more land to expand the

substation; land acquisition procedures should be followed for the

Ibadakuli site.

• Councillors should also be involved so that they can facilitate the sensi-

tization process

• We should also get the EIS reports to enable us implement the EMP

Land Officer - Shinyanga

Municipality

• The proposed project might affect our town drawing that have partly

been prepared; we might have do some amendments in some areas

• District valuer must be involved in the valuation process

• There is still enough alternative land for the effected people; land is still

not scarce in the district

Planning Officer -

Shinyanga Municipality

• This project needs to be introduced in our technical committee so that it

is well known to all district officials

Ms Beatrice Msamisi -

DED-Bahi District

• Where TANESCO is planning to erect towers the district is planning to

build a bus stop

Bahi District Council Offi-

cials

• TANESCO may delay compensation and create problems to the district

• What will happen if people build on the right of way now; will TANESCO

compensate?

• Some government buildings in Nala village fall on the proposed right of

way

DED - Singida District

Council

• When are they expecting to start the project?

• What measures has TANESCO taken to ensure that supply of electricity

is guaranteed as well as supply of electricity in areas that there is no

electricity and the national grid grows through those villages?

Singida District Council

Officials

• Part of the proposed area for the new project has already been sur-

veyed and plots allocated and also prepared village maps, this means

we shall need to re-draw some of the areas? TANESCO should con-

sider compensating for this exercise.

• Loss of farm land? We need to start thinking of alternative land for af-

fected people. ESIA and RAP should consider this; we also have to in-

corporate this in the district plans.

• Compensation should be on timely manner and valuation should con-

sider market value of land and other affected properties.

• Affected people should also be encouraged to start looking for land,

though most will opt for unplanned areas or hazardous areas.

Acting DED - Iringa Mu-

nicipality

• We accept the project but there is a need of involving counsellors

Surveyor - Iringa Munici-

pal Council

• Land issues should involve various committees within the district as well

as the full council

Acting DED - Iringa Rural • The approach that has been used by TANESCO is very good cause it

allows local people to be aware of the project

• However there is a need of involving politicians in this exercise, other-

wise it might not be successful

• In such project valuation and compensation is the main problem, local

people are not well involved

• Rates used to compensate are normally very low, this increases the

level of poverty among the local people, land law especially the com-



pensation part should be reviewed

• Local people in most of the areas that the transmission line goes

through do not benefit directly from the project, most of the rural areas

have no access to electricity; there is a need to consider rural electrifica-

tion

• You might be affecting someone from a very fertile piece of land, com-

pensation should consider this

• Sensitization is also very important, telling people the benefits of the

project

• There is land problem in the district, there is no single land that has no

owner, it therefore means all affected people will again have to go and

buy land

• Late release of compensation sometimes even after two years with infla-

tion it affects people even more

Affected Local Communi-

ties

• We accept the project but we also want to benefit directly from the pro-

ject i.e. to be connected to the national grid

• We are impressed and also acknowledge the decision by TANESCO to

conduct sensitization and information dissemination to local people prior

accruing land or implementing the project

• Compensation and should be on a timely manner and transparent, we

should also be involved in all the procedures regarding compensation

exercise

• Compensation should be paid at the nearest bank from the village to

avoid disturbance

• Employment opportunities during construction phase should priorities

local communities

• Land acquisition should consider harvesting season; we should be al-

lowed to harvest what we have already grown to avoid food shortage in

the area

• Prior to demolishing any affected social service such as schools or

wells, another facility should be constructed first by TANESCO. Also

with regard to public services we would prefer compensation to be that

of constructing another facility other than paying money to the village

• Costs for installing electricity is currently very high; TANESCO should

consider reducing such costs in rural areas

• Most of TANESCO project involve cutting down tress that we have

planted; the company should therefore be involved in tree planting ac-

tivities

• We propose the project to avoid sandwiching our land especially in resi-

dential areas as this reduces the value of land

• Re allocation of graves should follow our norms and traditions and we

should be involved in identifying were to allocated the graves.

Mr Mwita S. William - An-

tiquities Department-

MNRT

• If the project involves digging the ground, cultural aspects should be

considered

• Depending on the intensity of what will happen on site, there is an un-

derground surface distance that can affect cultural heritage

• It the area has any cultural heritage that are of importance to the nation

or the local communities then its better to look for alternatives

• Cultural heritages that are mainly for locals; the ministry is involved but it



is always very important to involve the locals and agree with them on

any activity that might impact their heritage

• The line goes through some areas that have important sites (the central

slave and ivory trade route) for heritage example Kilimatinde has been

proposed as a World Heritage Site, GMP for the are is on preparation to

convert the area into a tourist centre

Dr Riwa - OSHA-MLYD • Land that is under a transmission line is legally TANESCO property

• Transmission lines have social and economic components that need to

be taken into account

• Issues of safety to workers, people living adjacent to the project area is

very important to be incorporated in all the project phases.

Ministry of Land and

Human Settlement

• This project land acquisition procedure is guided by the Land acquisition

act no 47 of 1967; which elaborates acquisition of land for public interest

such as way leave for TANESCO is for public interest

• Once land has been acquired, compensation should follow the Land Act

no. 4 and 5. of 1999

• TANESCO should apply to the commissioner regarding the intention to

acquire land which will later be gazetted

• It is important to mention all the villages that will be affected by the pro-

ject on the application

• The valuation procedure should also consider market value of the af-

fected land/property

• Protected land such as forest reserve are under specific authorities

however these authorities have no mandate to oppose a project.

Julius Ruhuro -

TANROADS

• Review of law in relation to way leave space is very important to avoid

conflict with other institutions

• Avoid overloading during transportation of construction materials.

Mr. Aloyce Tango - Min-

istry of Natural Re-

sources and Tourism-

Forest and Bee Keeping

Department

• Wetland and Water catchments areas should be avoided.

• Compensation issues forest under Joint Forest Management system is

important to encourage the community around the forest.

• Reserved trees should be avoided, if necessary, it should be done after

permission from the MNRT.

Dr. J. Ningu - Ministry of

Agriculture, Food Secu-

rity and Cooperatives

• Policy review in relation to compensation of crops should be done after

three years to ensure that the rate of compensation reflect the actual

cost of investment to a particular crop.

• Compensation should be valued using foreign currency to avoid infla-

tion.


Annex 2

Land Use and Agro-Physical Characteristics along the Transmission Line Corridor


Annex 2: Land Use and Agro-Physical Characteristics along the Transmission Line Corridor

Region District No. Village Coordinates taken

at village office

Land Use Physical Character-

istics

Vegetation Soils

Iringa Iringa Mu-

nicipal

1 Igumbilo 0803097

9139126

Extensive farming Plain and seasonal

river and affected by

soil erosion

Planted trees, bushed grass-

land & riverine vegetation

Sandy

Iringa Rural 2 Kigonzile 0802502

9144226

Extensive maize farming Plain with gentle

slope

Scattered bushes, wooded

grassland

sandy and clay

3 Nduli 0803602

9150198

Extensive maize farming Plain Grassland and scattered trees Sandy clayed

4 Igingilanyi 0804486

9156080

Agriculture and very little

livestock keeping

Plain and some gen-

tle slope towards

Nduli village

Scattered trees and grassland Sandy and gravel

5 Ndolela 0808056

9171160

Farming and livestock keep-

ing

Plain and some parts

are slightly hilly

Grassland, some bush and

scattered trees

Sandy clayed

6 Mkungugu 0805821

9166240

Extensive farming and very

little livestock keeping

Plain and some parts

are slightly hilly

Grassland and scattered trees Sandy, gravel and

clay

7 Kising'a 0805421

9160700

Extensive farming little live-

stock farming

Plain Scattered scrub and trees Clayed sandy

8 Isimani Ta-

rafani

0809152

9173824

Extensive farming and live-

stock keeping

Plain Scattered trees, scrub and

grassland

Sandy clayed

9 Kihorogota 0811523

9176236


stock keeping

Plain Scattered trees Clayed, sandy

and dark soil

10 Nyang'oro 0808945

9178720

Extensive farming little live-

stock farming

Hilly and steep moun-

tain

dense forest- Nyang'oro for-

est reserve,

Clayed, sandy

11 Izazi 0800452

9198930

Fishing and very little agri-

culture and livestock keep-

ing

Some parts are plain

and slightly hilly

Bushed scrub and Adansonia

digitata and Commiphora

trees - dense Miombo wood-

land -part of Nyang'oro forest

reserve

Clayed, sandy

and dark soil



at village office


istics

Vegetation Soils

12 Migori- Mtera 0805664

9207800

Fishing and very little agri-

culture and livestock keep-

ing

Plain Scattered trees and grassland Clayed, sandy

13 Makatapora 0816740

9210630

Fishing, Few farms and

livestock keeping

Plain Scattered trees Clayed sandy

Dodoma Mpwapwa 14 Mtera 0828221

9213034

Fishing, Few farms and

livestock keeping

Plain, some parts

steep slope

Dense forest Sandy and gravel

15 Kisima 0830988

9222342

Few farms and livestock

keeping

Plain and gentle

slope towards Mtera

dam

Dense forest Clayed sand and

gravel

16 Chipogoro 0172755

9239626


keeping

Plain Scattered and some part have

dense forest

Clayed sand

17 Seluka 0176220

9246396


keeping

Plain Scattered scrub and plenty of

Adansonia digitata and Com-

miphora trees

Clayed sand

Chamwino 18 Fufu 0829800

9258124


keeping

Plain Open Acacia woodland and

plenty of Adansonia digitata

and Commiphora trees

Clayed sand

19 Manzase 0823658

9268962


keeping

Plain Open Acacia woodland and


and Commiphora trees

Clayed sand

20 Mloda 0817286

9273976


keeping

Plain Scattered scrub and plenty of

Adansonia digitata trees

Clayed sand

21 Mlowa Bara-

barani

0813170

9280132

Moderate farming, livestock Plain Scattered scrub and Adan-

sonia digitata trees

Clayed sand

Dodoma

Urban

22 Nkulabi 0807539

9290230


keeping

Plain Open bush, grassland and

scattered Adansonia digitata

trees

Clayed sand

23 Mpunguzi 0803678

9295010

Scattered grape farms and

livestock keeping

Plain, seasonal river Open bush and grassland Clayed sand with

gravel

24 Mantumbulu 0802532

9298971

Scattered farms Slight hills, gentle

slope, some boulders

Grasslands and scattered

trees

Clayed sand -red,

gravel



at village office


istics

Vegetation Soils

25 Mkonze 0800043

9311389

Some farming and livestock

Plain with gentle

slope

Scattered trees and grassland

Clayed sand

partly with gravel

26 Michese 0795907

9315766

Some farming and livestock Plain Scattered scrubs Clayed sand

27 Nala 0789961

9326663

Few farming and livestock

keeping

Plain, slight hill and

gentle slope

Grassland, scattered scrubs Clayed sand

28 Chigongwe 0781606

9329715


keeping

Plain, gentle slope,

some

Hills and scattered

boulders

Grassland, scattered scrubs

and dense bush btn Msem-

beta and Chigongwe village

Clayed sand

Clayed sand with

gravel

Bahi 29 Ibihwa 0769508

9335022


farming

Plain and gentle

slope

Open dry woodland with Ad-

ansonia

Clayed sand

30 Mpamantwa 0764088

9340526


keeping

Plain and slightly hilly Open dry woodland with Ad-

ansonia

Clayed sand

31 Bahi 0757336

9341034


keeping

Plain, seasonal river

and wetland

Open dry woodland with Ad-

ansonia digitata

Clayed sand

32 Uhelela 0752007

9346724


ing

Plain Open dry woodland with


Clay

Singida Manyoni 33 Lusilile 0745247

9347766


ing

Plain Open dry woodland with


Clayed sand

34 Maweni 0735282

9349960

Few farms, livestock keep-

ing

Plain and seasonal

river

Open dry woodland with


Clayed sand

35 Chikuyu 0729378

9351408


ing

Plain and seasonal

river

Open woodland Clayed sand

36 Chibumagwa 0721698

9350164


ing

Steep slope and plain

towards Chikuyu

Dense woodland and scat-

tered bushes in some dis-

turbed areas

Clayed sand,

scattered boulders

37 Solya 0717097

9355534

Some sorghum & millet

farming and livestock keep-

ing

Plain with steep slope

around

Chibumagwa village

Grasslands with scattered

scrub

Clayed sand,

scattered boulders



at village office


istics

Vegetation Soils

38 Muhalala 0708415

9360438


keeping

Plain with gentle

slope

Grasslands with dense scrubs Clayed sand

39 Manyoni Mjini

(Kaloleni &

Mwanzi sub

villages)

0705496

9365336


keeping

Plain Grassland and scattered

planted trees like mango trees

Sandy loam

40 Mitoo juu 0702084

9371398


keeping

Plain Grasslands with scattered

scrub

Clay, black cotton

soils

41 Mkwese 0700177

9377190

Farming along the line, as

the line passes through

dense forest

Plain Grasslands with scattered

scrub

Clayed sandy

Singida Ru-

ral

42 Choda 0695423

9391160

No farming along the line,

as the line passes through

dense forest

Plain Dense thicket forming im-

penetrable thickets

Clayed sandy

43 Isuna A 0695154

9402010


stock farming

Plain Thickets to scattered trees Sand loam

44 Isuna B 0695534

9404738


stock farming

Plain Wooded Grasslands with

scattered trees

Sand loam

45 Nkuhi 0696934

9409864

Some cultivation Plain Degraded Miombo woodland

into thickets

Sand loam

46 Ulyampiti 0697803

9424948

Extensive farming Slightly hilly and

Plain

Degraded Miombo woodland

into thickets

Clayed sand

47 Muungano 0697235

9429240

Extensive maize and rice

farming

Plain Scattered scrubs Sandy loam

48 Ikungi 0696070

9432456

Some maize farming Slightly hilly Scattered scrubs Sandy loam

49 Ighuka 0695999

9435730

Some maize farming and

livestock keeping

Plain Degraded Miombo woodland

into thickets - some planted

trees as well

Sandy loam

50 Kipumbwiko 0695392

9439176


keeping

Plain Grassland with some planted

trees (eucalyptus)

Sandy loam



at village office


istics

Vegetation Soils

51 Nkunikana 0695927

9443924


keeping

Slightly hilly, with

gentle slope

Some planted trees and

grasslands

Sand with gravel

52 Puma 0694588

9446830

Some farming Plain with gentle

slope and dense out

crop rock

Grassland with scattered

trees

Clayed sand

53 Isalanda 0695282

9448420


keeping

Hilly, surrounded by

outcrop rocks

Scattered scrubs Clayed sand

54 Utaho 0693625

9451726


keeping

Hilly, surrounded by

outcrop rocks


55 Kisaki 0695312

9457790


keeping

Hilly, with gentle

slope and out crop

rocks

Grassland with scattered

bush and planted trees (euca-

lyptus)

Clayed sand

Singida Ur-

ban

56 Kipungua 0695552

9465160


keeping

Hilly, with gentle

slope


57 Misuna 0694645

9465368


keeping

Valley and slightly

hilly,

Planted trees and grasslands Clayed sand

58 Mungumaji 0697847

9464426


keeping

Slightly hilly, and

gentle slope towards

Singida sub station

Grassland with some planted

trees

Clayed sand

59 Unyambwa 0701124

9468520

Scattered farming Plain Some grassland and planted

trees

Sandy

60 Mkimbii 0701462

9475544

Some cultivation and live-

stock keeping

Plain, with gentle

slope towards Mtipa

village

Some grassland and planted

trees

Clayed sand

61 Mtipa 0696685

9474990


stock farming

Hilly and scattered

boulders

Mbuga Plain north of

singidani lake

Some grassland and scat-

tered tree

Scrub land with jatropha

bushes

Sandy loam

62 Manga 0689956

9478080

Extensive farming, Live-

stock keeping

Plain Some planted trees and

bushed grasslands

Sandy loam

63 Mnung'una 0686628

9482498

Farming, livestock keeping Plain Open combretum woodland

with scattered scrubs

Clayed sand



at village office


istics

Vegetation Soils

64 Msisi 0684754

9485964

Farming, livestock keeping Plain and gentle

slope

Open combretum woodland


Clayed sand

65 Nkwae 0683522

9490074

Farming, livestock keeping Plain Open combretum woodland


Clayed sand

66 Ntondo 0681183

9492218

farming, livestock keeping Slightly hilly, valleys Open combretum woodland


Sand Clayed loam

Iramba 67 Iguguno 0680375

9495114

Extensive farming, livestock

keeping

Slightly hilly, valleys

and affected by soil

erosion

Bushed Grassland to scat-

tered scrubs

Sand Loam to

sand clay

68 Tumuli 0672864

9497433

Farming, Livestock keeping Plain with gentle

slope

Grassland and Scattered

trees

Sand Loam to

clay loam

69 Maluga 0668588

9501172

Farming, Livestock keeping Plain Bushed Grassland and Scat-

tered trees

Sand Clay

70 Kyengege 0663516

9510618

Farming, Livestock keeping Plain Bushes with Scattered trees,

mango trees and eucalyptus

Sand loam to Clay

Loam

71 Mgundu 0662255

9514564

Farming, Livestock keeping Plain Scattered trees, mango trees

and eucalyptus

Sand loam to clay

loam

72 Kitukutu 0658024

9512904

Farming, Livestock keeping Plain Scattered trees, mango trees

and eucalyptus

Sand loam to clay

loam

73 Ulemo 0655029

9612722

Extensive Farming, Live-

stock keeping

Plain, hills around Ki-

zaga sec. school

Plain

Scattered bushes Sand loam to clay

loam

74 Misigiri 0648717

9514842


keeping Livestock keeping

Flat and slightly hilly Bushed shrub and highly

open woodland

Clayed sand

75 Kibigiri 0639369

9517394

Extensive maize/sorghum

Farming, Livestock keeping

Plain ascending into

sekenke mountain

Scattered trees at low plain

- Beginning of Sekenke forest

reserve (miombo woodland)

Course sandy-

Clay loam

76 Nselembwe 0632413

9518724

Extensive maize/sorghum

Farming, Livestock keeping

Plain Scattered trees

-Planted Acacia trees

Clay-loam

77 Kizonzo 0627311

9517374

Farming, Livestock keeping Plain with gentle

slope

Scattered trees Loam -clay



at village office


istics

Vegetation Soils

78 Mseko 0618097

9514056

Maize farming, Livestock

keeping

Plain Bushed shrubs with Scattered

Adansonia digitata trees

Sand and Loam

Tabora Igunga 79 Mgongoro 0615351

9515296


keeping

Plain, Wembere

Swamp

Wooded Acacia Grassland Clay-Loam

80 Makomero 0609106

9524836


keeping

Plain Descending into

Wembere swamp

Mbuga Grassland plan with

scattered dwarf Acacia seyal

bushes

Clay- Loam (black

cotton soil)

81 Mbutu 0599513

9532092

Cotton and maize farming,

Livestock keeping

Plain Open Balanite woodland, in-

some area bushed Acacia

Grassland

Sand clay -loam

82 Bukama 0591960

9538210

Cotton and maize farming,

Livestock keeping

Plain Bushed Grassland with Aca-

cia seyal dominating the

woody bush

Sand loamy

83 Imalanguzu 0589098

9544684

Extensive cotton farming

and Livestock keeping

Plain Open Acacia bush land inter-

rupted by farms

Clay- Loam

84 Mwamakona 0584393

9549866

Extensive cotton and maize

farming, Livestock keeping

Steep slope, Soil

erosion affected area

Disturbed Acacia -Balanite

woodland

Clay- Loam,

(black cotton soil)

85 Igurubi 0578796

9558438

Farming and Livestock

keeping

Plain and Ng'wa-

wombe river

Bushed Acacia Grassland Clay Loam, highly

eroded

Shinyanga Kishapu 86 Kalitu 0579900

9567674


keeping

Plain Grassland and scattered Aca-

cia bushes

Mbuga area with

clay soil-black cot-

ton soil

87 Kiloleli 0578224

9573904

Maize and cotton farming,

Livestock keeping

Valley, escarpment

and affected by soil

erosion

Grassland and scattered aca-

cia shrubs

Sandy and clay

loam-black cotton

soil

88 Mwaweja 0576360

9586204

Maize, rice and cotton farm-

ing, Livestock keeping

Plain Grassland and scattered aca-

cia shrubs

Sandy and clay

loam-black cotton

soil

89 Mwajiginya 0575654

9585740

Farming (paddy and maize,

livestock keeping

Plain and

Slightly hilly

Farmlands with few Acacia

bush in small section

Clay-loam (black

cotton soil)

90 Negezi 0573574

9593200


ing

Plain Scattered scrub

Scattered scrub

Sand, Gravel and

loamy



at village office


istics

Vegetation Soils

91 Ngunga 0578239

9575535

Extensive maize and cotton


ing

Slightly hilly and Plain Scattered scrub

Scattered scrub

Sand, Gravel and

loamy

Shinyanga

Urban

92 Mwamagunguli 0559485

9601068

Extensive maize and cotton


ing

Slightly hilly and Plain Thickets intermixed with scat-

tered trees (Adensonia digi-

tata)

Loamy

93 Ibadakuli 0556474

9599582


keeping

Plain Grassland with scattered

trees, particularly (Adensonia

digitata)

Loamy



Annex 3

Socio-Economic Characteristics of Affected Population and Infrastructure


Annex 3-1: Number of Affected Buildings Before/After Transmission Line Re-routing

Houses concernedwithout with

Iringa Iringa Urban 1 Igumbilo 7 1 -6

Iringa Rural 2 Kigonzile 0 0

Iringa Rural 3 Nduli 0 0

Iringa Rural 4 Igingilanyi 8 8

Iringa Rural 5 Kising’a 2 2

Iringa Rural 6 Mkungugu 0 0Iringa Rural 7 Ndolela 0 0

Iringa Rural 8 Isimani Tarafani 0 0

Iringa Rural 9 Kihorogota 0 0Iringa Rural 10 Nyang’oro 3 3

Iringa Rural 11 Izazi 3 3

Iringa Rural 12 Migori- M tera 25 25Iringa Rural 13 Makatapora 41 0 -41

Dodoma Mpwapwa 14 Mtera+S/S 125 0 -125

Mpwapwa 15 Kisima 50 50

Mpwapwa 16 Chipogoro 10 10

Mpwapwa 17 Seluka 2 2

Chamwino 18 Fufu 0 0

Chamwino 19 Manzase 5 5

Chamwino 20 Mloda 0 0

Chamwino 21 Mlowa Barabarani 21 21

Dodoma Urban 22 Nkulabi 10 10

Dodoma Urban 23 Mpunguzi 4 4

Dodoma Urban 24 Mantumbulu 0 0

Dodoma Urban 25 Mkonze 36 36

Dodoma Urban 26 Michese 5 5

Dodoma Urban 27 Nala 28 7 -21

Dodoma Urban 28 Chigongwe 8 8

Bahi 29 Ibihwa 16 16

Bahi 30 Mpamantwa 5 5

Bahi 31 Bahi 85 0 -85

Bahi 32 Uhelela 3 3

Singida Manyoni 33 Lusilile 10 10

Manyoni 34 Maweni 10 10

Manyoni 35 Chikuyu 10 10

Manyoni 36 Chibumagwa 0 0

Manyoni 37 Solya 16 16

Manyoni 38 Muhala la 0 0

Manyoni 39 Manyoni Mjini 22 22

Manyoni 40 Mitoo juu 6 6

Manyoni 41 Mkwese 0 0

Singida Rural 42 Choda 0 0

Singida Rural 43 Isuna A 3 3

Singida Rural 44 Isuna B 10 10

Singida Rural 45 Nkuhi 10 10

Singida Rural 46 Ulyam piti 13 13

Singida Rural 47 Muungano 0 0

Singida Rural 48 Ikungi

Singida Rural 49 Ighuka

Singida Rural 50 Kipunguiko 5 5

Singida Rural 51 Nkunikana 13 13

Singida Rural 52 Pum a 50 6 -44

Singida Rural 53 Isalanda 0 0

Singida Rural 54 Utaho 0 0

Singida Rural 55 Kisaki 19 19

alternativesdifference

19 19

District VillageRegion

continued >>


Singida Singida Urban 56 Kipungua 6 6 0

Singida Urban 57 Misuna

Singida Urban 58 Mungumaji

Singida Urban 59 Unyambwa

Singida Urban 60 Mkimbii

Singida Urban 61 Mtipa

Singida Rural 62 Manga

Singida Rural 63 Mnung’una 14 14

Singida Rural 64 Msis i 0 0

Singida Rural 65 Nkwae 0 0

Singida Rural 66 Ntondo 12 12

Iram ba 67 Iguguno 4 4

Iram ba 68 Tumuli 8 8

Iram ba 69 Maluga 4 4

Iram ba 70 Kyengege 20 4 -16

Iram ba 71 Mgundu 20 0 -20

Iram ba 72 Kitukutu 20 0 -20

Iram ba 73 Ulemo 10 10

Iram ba 74 Mis igiri 0 0

Iram ba 75 Kibigiri 12 12

Iram ba 76 Nselembwe 2 2

Iram ba 77 Kizonzo 18 18

Iram ba 78 Mseko 17 17

Tabora Igunga 79 Mgongoro 21 21

Igunga 80 Makomero 16 16

Igunga 81 Mbutu 15 15

Igunga 82 Bukama 50 50

Igunga 83 Imalanguzu 17 17

Igunga 84 Mwam akona 35 35

Igunga 85 Igurubi 16 16

Shinyanga Kishapu 86 Kalitu 6 6

Kishapu 87 Kiloleli 10 10

Kishapu 88 Ngunga 6 6

Kishapu 89 Ngwajiginya 8 8

Kishapu 90 Mwaweja 0 0

Kishapu 91 Negez i 32 32

Shinyanga Urban 92 Mwam agunguli 3 3

Shinyanga Urban 93 Ibadakuli 12 12

172 84 -88

Sources: Field Survey 2008; Line Routing Maps TM 50, and Google Earth Evaluation


Annex 3.2: Number of Affected Buildings Before / After Transmission Line Re-routing per District and Transmission Line Section

Houses affected

without with

7 1 -6

82 41 -41

187 62 -125

26 26 0

91 70 -21

109 24 -85

74 74 0

178 90 -88

168 124 -44

135 79 -56

170 170 0

62 62 0

15 15 0

1.304 838 -466

Houses concerned

without with

352 180 -172

366 216 -150

586 442 -144

1.304 838 -466

Transmission Line

Section

District

Igunga

Kishapu

Shinyanga Urban

diff.alternatives

diff.alternatives

Bahi

Manyoni

Singida Urban

Iramba

Dodoma Urban

Iringa Urban

Mpwapwa

Irigan Ural

Chamwino

Total

Total

Iringa - Dodoma

Dodoma - Singida

Singida -Shinyanga

Singida Rural

Sources: Field Survey 2008; Line Routing Maps TM 50, and Google Earth Evaluation


Annex 3.3: Average Land Size Cultivated per Household along the Proposed Line

Average size of farms of households in-

terviewed; per district household cluster Households Frequency

Average Size (Acres per

Farm Household)

Iringa Urban 12 92% 3.5

Iringa Rural 163 92% 8.6

Mpwapwa 90 97% 11.9

Chamwino 63 86% 8.9

Dodoma Urban 136 99% 5.5

Bahi 61 95% 5.3

Manyoni 84 99% 6.5

Singida Rural 81 99% 4.8

Singida Urban 31 84% 5.0

Iramba 69 99% 9.7

Igunga 45 100% 28.9

Kishapu 21 91% 14.1

Shinyanga Urban 40 98% 14.1

Total Average * 896 95% 9.0

* excluding Households without farming from the analysis


Average Farm Size per Village Cluster (13 Districts)

3,5

8,6

11,98,9

5,5 5,3 6,54,8 5,0

9,7

28,9

14,1 14,1

9,0

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

Iringa

Urb

an

Iringa

Rura

l

Mpw

apw

a

Cham

win

o

Dodo

ma

Urb

anBah

i

Man

yoni

Singid

a Rura

l

Singid

a Urb

an

Iram

ba

Igung

a

Kis

hapu

Shinya

nga Urb

an

Total M

ean

District Village Cluster

Mean

Acre

s p

er

Farm



Annex 3.4: Total Village Population located in the Project Area

Region District Ward Village Male Female Total

Iringa Iringa Urban Ruaha Igumbilo 1050 1250 2300

Iringa Rural Nduli Igilinganyi* 700 813 1513

Nduli 1800 2200 4000

Mkungugu 792 961 1753

Kising'a 500 1000 1500

Izazi Izazi 986 1360 2246

Makatapola 1821 1761 4553

Kihorogota Ndolela 420 496 916

Kihogorota 700 874 1574

Isimani Tarafani Isimani Tarafani 870 1055 1925

Nyang'oro Nyang'oro 897 1020 1923

Kigonzile Kigonzile 771 821 1592

Migori Mtera -Migori 3135 3350 6485

Dodoma Mpwapwa Mlunduzi Seluka 1347 1554 2901

Rudi Mtera staff 3048 3175 6223

Mlunduzi Chipogoro 3200 3328 6528

Rudi Kisima 2900 3220 6120

Chamwino Fufu Fufu 1038 1298 2336

Manzase Manzase 2700 4300 7000

Makangwa Mloda 2608 2715 5323

Makangwa Mlowa Barabarani 3816 4016 7832

Dodoma Urban Mpunguzi Nkulabi 2215 3635 5850

Mpunguzi 4020 4189 8209

Matumbulu 2167 3178 5345

Nala Nala 2046 3063 5109

Chigongwe 2300 3089 5380

Mkonze Michese 3780 4220 8000

Mkonze 4312 4570 8882

Bahi Bahi Uhelela 980 1074 2054

Bahi Sokoni 4779 5072 9851

Mpamantwa Mpamantwa 1676 2864 4543

Ibihwa Ibihwa 2829 3249 6078

Singida Manyoni Solya Solya 536 727 1263

Manyoni Manyoni Mjini (Kaloleni & Mitoo

Chini)

931 1109 2040

Muhalala 1323 1451 2774

Sasajila Chibumagwa 1567 2460 4027

Maweni Maweni 1193 1341 2544

Chikuyu Chikuyu 1782 2215 3997

Mitoo juu 270 367 637

Mkwese 1,323 1,451 2,774

Kitinku Lusilile 1877 2109 3986

Singida Rural Puma Puma 1613 1827 3440

Isalanda 381 504 883

Utaho 891 913 1804

Nkunikana 966 2046 3012

Issuna Nkuhi 1487 1512 2999

Choda 500 550 1050

Issuna B 2320 2500 4520


Region District Ward Village Male Female Total

Issuna A 1188 1214 2402

Ikungi Ulyampiti 1043 1048 2091

Ikungi 2010 2319 4329

Muungano 633 637 1270

Msisi Mnung'una 634 698 1332

Msisi 1055 1115 2170

Ntondo 980 1030 2010

Nkwae 1003 1160 2163

Unyamikumbi Kisaki 1320 1716 3036

Dunguaji Kipumbwiko 1090 1004 2094

Ikungi Ighuka 1103 1100 2203

Kinyeto Mkimbii 1100 1600 2700

Mungumaji Mungumaji 1511 1701 3272

Singida Urban Mtipa Mtipa 1529 1719 3248

Manga 1018 2232 3250

Majengo Misuna 650 770 1720

Kipungua 380 404 774

Unyambwa Unyambwa 1584 1816 3400

Iramba Kyengege Mgundu 830 912 1742

Kyengege 1068 1900 2968

Shelui Nselembwa 4392 5031 9423

Mseko 1968 2036 4004

Kizongo 1649 1824 3473

Ulemo Kitukutu 1354 1450 2804

Misigiri 1700 2960 4660

Shelui Kibigiri 1737 1946 3683

Iguguno Tumuli 1443 1745 3188

Iguguno 4065 4469 8534

Ulemo Ulemo 1392 1548 3840

Kinampanda Maluga 1064 1596 2660

Tabora Igunga Mwanashimba Mwanakoma 834 862 1696

Imalanguzi 1024 1430 2454

Mbutu Bukama 1500 1555 3055

Mbutu 3219 3510 6729

Igunga Mgongoro 1925 2300 4225

Makomero 1897 1961 3858

Igurubi 3250 3520 6770

Shin-

yanga

Kishapu Ukenyenge Mwajiginya 906 930 1836

Negezi 916 954 1870

Mwaweja 711 824 1535

Ngofilo Katitu 462 770 1232

Taraga Nguga 1391 1422 2813

Kiloleli Kiloleli 1463 1545 3008

Shinyanga Ur-

ban

Kolandoto Mwamagunguli 1357 1934 3291

Ibadakuli Ibadakuli 2123 2889 5012

Sources: Population and Housing Census, 2002


Annex 3.5: Social and Cultural Infrastructures in the concerned Villages

D

istr

ict

Villa

ge

Pri

mary

sch

oo

l

Seco

nd

ary

S

ch

oo

l

Vo

cati

on

al

Tra

inin

g C

en

tre

Healt

h C

en

tre

Relig

ion

in

f.

Pu

bli

c

Villa

ge b

uil

din

g

Mark

et

Po

lice

Pri

so

n

As

so

cia

tio

n

bu

ild

ing

Cem

ete

ry

Iringa Mu-

nicipal

Igumbilo 1 0 0 1 6 0 1 1 0 0 0 1

Total 1 0 0 1 6 0 1 1 0 0 0 1

Iringa Rural Kigonzile 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nduli 1 1 0 1 8 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

Igingilanyi 1 0 0 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

Mkungugu 1 0 0 0 8 1 12 4

Kising'a 1 0 0 1 9 1 2 0 0 0 0 3

Isimani Ta-

rafani

1 0 0 0 7 2 2 1 0 0 1 1

Ndolela 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 4

Kihorogota 1 0 0 0 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 2

Nyang'oro 1 0 0 1 5 5

Izazi 1 0 1 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

Migori- Mtera 1 1 1 1 10 2 2 0 1 0 2 2

Makatapora 1 1 0 0 9 0 1 0 0 0 1 4

Total 12 3 3 5 76 7 24 1 1 0 6 28

Mpwapwa Mtera 2 1 0 2 10 7 0 0 1 0 1 1

Kisima 3 0 0 1 16 0 9 0 0 0 0 11

Chipogoro 2 1 0 1 7 1 3 1 1 0 1 5

Seluka 1 0 0 1 4 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

Total 8 2 0 5 37 8 13 1 2 0 3 18

Chamwino Fufu 1 1 0 1 4 0 1 1 0 0 0 1

Manzase 2 1 0 1 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Mloda 1 0 0 1 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 3

Mlowa Bara-

barani

3 1 0 1 14 0 5 1 0 0 1 4

Total 7 3 0 4 32 0 8 2 0 0 1 8

Dodoma

Urban

Nkulabi 1 0 0 1 15 0 7 0 0 0 0 4

Mpunguzi 2 1 0 1 14 0 1 1 0 0 0 3

Mantumbulu 2 0 0 1 15 0 3 0 0 0 0 0

Mkonze 1 1 0 1 9 0 1 0 0 0 0 2

Michese 1 0 0 0 6 0 2 2 0 0 0 0

Nala 2 1 0 1 5 1 0 1 0 0 0 1

Chigongwe 3 0 0 1 8 1 0 0 0 0 1 2

Total 12 3 0 6 72 2 14 4 0 0 1 12

Bahi Ibihwa 2 1 0 1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Mpamantwa 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Bahi Sokoni 3 1 0 1 7 0 3 0 0 0 0 4

Uhelela 1 0 0 0 2 0 10 0 0 0 0 0

Total 7 3 0 3 19 0 14 0 0 0 0 5


Dis

tric

t

Vil

lag

e

Pri

mary

sch

oo

l

Seco

nd

ary

S

ch

oo

l

Vo

cati

on

al

Tra

inin

g C

en

tre

He

alt

h C

en

tre

Relig

ion

in

f.

Pu

blic

Vil

lag

e b

uild

ing

Mark

et

Po

lice

Pri

so

n

Asso

cia

tio

n

bu

ild

ing

Cem

ete

ry

Manyoni Lusilile 1 0 1 2 4 2 1 0 0 0 1 3

Maweni 1 0 0 1 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 1

Chikuyu 2 1 0 5 0 8 0 1 1 2 3

Chibumagwa 1 1 0 1 4 0 4 0 0 0 0 3

Solya 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 2

Muhalala 1 0 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Manyoni Mjini 2 2 0 2 6 1 1 1 0 1 0 2

Mitoo juu 1 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mkwese 2 2 1 1 12 2 1 0 0 0 1 2

Total 12 6 2 8 46 5 20 1 1 2 5 16

Singida Ru-

ral

Choda 1 0 0 1 6 0 5 0 0 0 0 0

Isuna A 2 0 1 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 0

Isuna B 2 1 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

Nkuhi 2 0 0 1 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Ulyampiti 1 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Muungano 1 1 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Ikungi 1 1 0 1 7 3 1 1 0 0 0 1

Ighuka 1 1 0 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

Kipumbwiko 1 1 0 0 6 1 6 0 0 0 1 1

Nkunikana 1 1 0 0 7 0 2 1 0 0 0 0

Puma 1 1 0 1 8 0 1 0 1 0 0 3

Isalanda 0 0 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 0 1 1

Utaho 1 1 0 0 12 0 2 0 0 0 0 0

Kisaki 2 1 0 0 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Mnung'una 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Msisi 1 1 0 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 0 0

Nkwae 1 0 0 1 4 0 2 0 0 0 0 1

Ntondo 1 0 0 1 4 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

Total 21 10 1 8 100 6 32 4 1 0 2 9

Singida Ur-

ban

Kipungua 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Misuna 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0

Mungumaji 3 1 0 1 13 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Unyambwa 1 0 0 1 11 0 1 1 1 0 1 0

Mkimbii 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0

Mtipa 1 1 0 1 7 0 3 1 0 0 1 0

Manga 1 1 0 1 8 0 2 1 0 0 0 0

Total 9 5 0 4 42 1 8 3 2 0 3 0

Iramba Iguguno 1 1 1 1 10 4 2 1 1 0 0 3

Tumuli 1 1 0 0 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

Maluga 1 1 0 1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Kyengege 1 1 0 1 8 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

Mgundu 1 0 0 0 5 0 3 0 0 0 1 1

Kitukutu 1 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 2 0


Dis

tric

t

Vil

lag

e

Pri

mary

sch

oo

l

Seco

nd

ary

S

ch

oo

l

Vo

cati

on

al

Tra

inin

g C

en

tre

He

alt

h C

en

tre

Relig

ion

in

f.

Pu

blic

Vil

lag

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uild

ing

Mark

et

Po

lice

Pri

so

n

Asso

cia

tio

n

bu

ild

ing

Cem

ete

ry

Ulemo 1 0 0 1 4 0 2 1 0 0 0 3

Misigiri 3 1 0 1 7 0 4 0 1 0 0 0

Kibigiri 1 0 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

Nselembwe 3 1 0 1 14 3 2 2 1 0 1 0

Kizonzo 2 0 0 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Mseko 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 2

Total 17 6 1 6 75 8 26 4 3 0 5 12

Igunga Mgongoro 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Makomero 1 0 0 1 7 0 3 0 0 0 0 1

Mbutu 1 1 0 1 8 1 2 0 0 0 1 1

Bukama 1 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

Imalanguzi 1 0 0 0 3 0 7 0 0 0 0 1

Mwamakona 1 0 0 1 3 4 1 1 0 0 1 0

Igurubi 2 1 0 1 8 0 1 0 1 1 1 4

Total 8 2 0 4 39 5 15 1 1 1 4 8

Kishapu Kalitu 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0

Kiloleli 1 1 0 1 3 0 2 0 0 0 2 0

Mwaweja 1 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 3 0

Mwajiginya 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Negezi 1 1 1 1 3 0 2 0 1 1 0 1

Ngunga 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 2 0

Total 6 2 1 2 13 2 7 0 1 1 9 1

Shinyanga

Municipal

Mwamagunguli 2 1 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Ibadakuli 1 1 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 0 1 0

Total 3 2 0 2 13 0 3 0 0 0 1 0

GRAND TOTAL 123 47 8 58 570 44 185 22 12 4 40 118

Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008

Out of these 1231 Infrastructures, only 7 will be affected by the new line (with line routing alternatives)

which is less than 1%.


Annex 3.6: Energy and Water Sources Available in the Villages along the Transmission Line

Region District Village Energy Type Water Sources

Iringa Iringa Urban Igurubi Electricity From TANESCO Tap water

Iringa Rural Igingilanyi Electricity From TANESCO Boreholes / Tap water

Nduli Electricity From TANESCO Wells

Mkungugu Diesel Generator/Solar Boreholes/dam

Kising'a Diesel Generator/Solar Tap water/ Wells

Izazi Diesel Generator Tap water/ Boreholes

Makatapola Electricity From TANESCO River/ Boreholes

Ndolela no source of Electricity Tap water

Kihogorota no source of Electricity Tap water

Isimani Tarafani no source of Electricity Tap water

Nyang'oro Diesel Generator Tap water

Kigonzile Diesel Generator Wells /River

Mtera -Migori Electricity From TANESCO Tap water

Dodoma Mpwapwa Seluka Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/ Tap water

Mtera staff Electricity From TANESCO Boreholes/ River

Chipogoro Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Boreholes/dam

Kisima Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/Boreholes

Chamwino Fufu Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells

Manzase Solar Panels/ Biomass Wells

Mloda Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels River, Lakes

Mlowa Barabarani Diesel Generator/ Biomass Wells/ Boreholes

Dodoma Ur-

ban

Nkulabi Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/ Dam

Mpunguzi Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/ Boreholes

Matumbulu Diesel Generator/ Biomass Wells/ Boreholes

Nala Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells

Chigongwe Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/River

Michese Diesel Generator/ Biomass Wells

Mkonze No Electricity Tap water/River, Lakes

Bahi Uhelela Diesel Generator Wells /River

Bahi Sokoni Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/ Boreholes

Mpamantwa Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells

Ibihwa No of Electricity Boreholes

Singida Manyoni Solya Diesel Generator Boreholes

Manyoni Mjini (Kaloleni

& Mitoo chini

Electricity From TANESCO Tap water

Muhalala No electricity Wells/ Boreholes

Chibumagwa Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/ Boreholes

Maweni Diesel Generator Wells/ Boreholes

Chikuyu Diesel Generator Wells/ Boreholes

Mitoo-juu No Electricity Wells

Mkwese Diesel Generator Wells / Borehole / Tap

water

Lusilile Diesel Generator/Solar panel Boreholes



Singida Rural Puma Electricity From TANESCO Boreholes

Isalanda Electricity From TANESCO Boreholes

Utaho Electricity From TANESCO Wells/ River

Nkunikana No Electricity Wells/ Boreholes

Nkuhi Diesel Generator River/ Tap water

Choda Solar Panels Wells

Issuna B Electricity From TANESCO / Die-

sel Generator

Wells

Issuna A No of electricity Wells /Boreholes

Ulyampiti no source of electricity Boreholes

Ikungi Electricity From TANESCO Tap water

Muungano no electricity Wells

Mnung'una no electricity Boreholes

Msisi Electricity From TANESCO River, Lakes

Ntondo no electricity Boreholes

Nkwae no electricity River, Lakes

Kisaki no electricity Wells/Boreholes

Kipumbwiko Diesel Generator Wells/Boreholes

Ighuka Diesel Generator Wells/ Boreholes

Singida Ur-

ban

Mtipa Diesel Generator Wells/Boreholes

Manga Diesel Generator Tap water

Mkimbii Diesel Generator Wells/Boreholes

Mungumaji Diesel Generator Wells/Boreholes

Misuna no electricity Tap water

Kipungua no electricity River, Lakes

Unyambwa Diesel Generator Wells/ Boreholes

Iramba Mgundu Diesel Generator Wells /Boreholes

Kyengege Electricity From TANESCO Boreholes

Nselembwa no electricity Tap water

Mseko no electricity Wells

Kizonzo Solar Panels Depend on nearly village

Kitukutu No electricity Wells

Misigiri Diesel Generator River

Kibigiri No electricity Tap water

Tumuli Electric From TANESCO Tap water

Iguguno No electricity Wells/Tap water

Ulemo Micro Hydro Wells

Maluga Diesel Generator Boreholes

Tabora Igunga Mwanakoma No electricity River

Imalanguzi Diesel Generator/Solar Panels River, Wells

Bukama Diesel Generator River

Mbutu No electricity River

Mgongoro No electricity Wells

Makomero Diesel Generator/ Wells/ Boreholes

Igurubi Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels River



Shin-

yanga

Kishapu Mwajiginya Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Boreholes, River

Negezi Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells

Mwaweja No electricity Rivers

Shinyanga

Urban

Ibadakuli TANESCO/Diesel Generator Boreholes

Kishapu Katitu Diesel Generator River, Lakes

Nguga no electricity River, Lakes

Kiloleli no electricity Wells

Shinyanga

Urban

Mwamagunguli no electricity Wells/ Boreholes

Diesel Generator Tap water



Annex 3.7: District Average Annual Income per Household

Districts

Number of Responding

Households

Percentage of House-

holds Responding

Indicative Average Annual

Income per Household (TSh)

with Income statements only

Iringa Urban 9 69.2% 930,444

Iringa Rural 125 70.2% 1,115,340

Mpwapwa 82 88.2% 879,090

Chamwino 69 94.5% 942,174

Dodoma Urban 117 84.8% 768,863

Bahi 57 89.1% 704,188

Manyoni 72 84.7% 569,056

Singida Rural 71 86.6% 1,035,000

Singida Urban 30 81.1% 1,444,400

Iramba 64 91.4% 978,032

Igunga 43 95.6% 1,198,372

Kishapu 23 100.0% 1,144,861

Shinyanga Urban 38 92.7% 1,176,721

Average 800 84.9% 947,429


Annex 3.8: Education Level of Household Members

Education Level Percent

None 28.8

Primary school 35.0

Secondary 2.7

College 0.4

Technical/vocational 0.3

Attending primary school 24.7

Primary school dropout 2.6

Drop-out secondary 0.5

Attending secondary school 4.7

University 0.1

Adult Education 0.2

Nursery School 0.0



Annex 3.9: Type of Houses Based on Wall Material per District (% of Houses)

District

Polls

and

mud

Sun-

dried

bricks

Burnt

bricks

Cement

blocks

Grass

and

mud

Cardboard/

cartons Stonewalls

Coconut

leaves/

Grass Timber Mud

Iringa Ur-

ban

46.2 15.4 38.5 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0

Iringa Ru-

ral

44.4 22.5 24.7 .0 0.6 .0 .0 0.6 .0 7.3

Mpwapwa 68.8 10.8 12.9 1.1 1.1 .0 .0 .0 .0 5.4

Cham-

wino

84.9 4.1 2.7 .0 1.4 .0 1.4 .0 1.4 4.1

Dodoma

Urban

59.4 29.0 0.7 6.5 2.2 0.7 .0 .0 .0 1.4

Bahi 26.6 62.5 6.3 1.6 1.6 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.6

Manyoni 32.9 54.1 5.9 1.2 1.2 .0 .0 .0 1.2 3.5

Singida

Rural

41.5 32.9 9.8 4.9 1.2 .0 .0 .0 .0 9.8

Singida

Urban

27.0 43.2 5.4 24.3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0

Iramba 30.0 54.3 12.9 1.4 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.4

Igunga 31.1 64.4 2.2 2.2 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0

Kishapu 34.8 60.9 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 4.3

Shin-

yanga Ur-

ban

19.5 70.7 4.9 4.9 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0

Total 45.9 35.5 10.1 3.1 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 3.9



Annex 3.10: Type of Houses based on roofing materials per District (% of Houses)

District Grass

Grass

and

plastics

Corru-

gated

iron

sheets

Corru-

gated

sheets

and tiles Plastics Tiles

Con-

crete

Coconut

leaves

Tin or

metal

sheets

Grass

and mud

Iringa

Urban

16.5 .0 76.9 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 7.7 .0

Iringa

Rural

15.7 2.2 53.9 .6 .6 .0 .0 1.7 9.0 16.3

Mpwapw

a

10.8 1.1 30.1 .0 3.2 .0 .0 .0 1.1 53.8

Cham-

wino

39.7 1.4 15.1 4.1 4.1 .0 1.4 4.1 .0 30.1

Dodoma

Urban

5.8 .0 53.6 1.4 1.4 .0 .0 .0 2.9 34.8

Bahi 14.1 3.1 32.8 .0 4.7 .0 .0 .0 7.8 37.5

Manyoni 9.5 1.2 60.0 .0 3.5 .0 1.2 1.2 8.2 15.3

Singida

Rural

6.1 .0 53.7 .0 1.2 .0 .0 .0 8.5 30.5

Singida

Urban

2.7 .0 62.2 .0 2.7 2.7 .0 .0 13.5 16.2

Iramba 7.1 2.9 28.6 .0 7.1 .0 .0 .0 7.1 47.1

Igunga 17.8 .0 24.4 .0 4.4 .0 .0 .0 6.7 46.7

Kishapu 13.0 4.3 8.7 .0 13.0 .0 .0 .0 4.3 56.5

Shin-

yanga

Urban

17.1 .0 39.0 .0 2.4 .0 .0 .0 4.9 36.6

Total 13.0 1.3 43.2 0.6 3.0 0.1 0.2 0.7 6.1 31.7


Annex 3.11: Type of Houses based on Floor Material per District (% of Houses)

District Mud Cement Floor tiles Timber Mud and Cement

Cement and

Floor tiles

Iringa Urban 53.8 30.8 7.7 .0 7.7 .0

Iringa Rural 71.9 25.3 .6 .6 1.7 .0

Mpwapwa 87 11.8 2.2 .0 .0 .0

Chamwino 90.0 6.8 1.4 .0 1.4 .0

Dodoma Urban 69.6 29.0 .0 .0 1.4 .0

Bahi 79.7 17.2 1.6 1.6 .0 .0

Manyoni 68.2 29.4 1.2 .0 .0 1.2

Singida Rural 81.7 17.1 1.2 .0 .0 .0

Singida Urban 54.1 37.8 2.7 .0 .0 5.4

Iramba 84.3 12.9 2.9 .0 .0 .0

Igunga 91.1 8.9 .0 .0 .0 .0

Kishapu 95.7 4.3 .0 .0 .0 .0

Shinyanga Urban 73.2 24.4 2.4 .0 .0 .0

Total 76.9 20.5 1.3 0.2 0.7 0.3



Annex 3.12: Type of Toilet Facilities per District (% of Facilities)

District Flush Toilet Pit latrine VIP Pit latrine None

Iringa Urban 7.7 92.3 0

Iringa Rural 2.2 1.7 95.5 0.6

Mpwapwa 1.1 0 98.9 0

Chamwino 0 0 100.0 0

Dodoma Urban 2.2 13.8 81.2 2.9

Bahi 4.7 4.7 90.6 0

Manyoni 5.9 4.7 89.4 0

Singida Rural 1.2 1.2 97.6 0

Singida Urban 18.9 2.7 78.4 0

Iramba 4.3 0 92.9 2.9

Igunga 11.1 0 86.7 2.2

Kishapu 17.4 0 82.6 0

Shinyanga Urban 14.6 0 85.4 0

Total 4.6 3.3 91.3 0.8


Annex 3.13: Main Energy Source Used per District (% of Households)

District Kerosene Candle Electricity Gas lamp Solar Energy Fuel wood

Iringa Urban 92.3 0 7.7 0 0 0

Iringa Rural 97.8 0.6 1.1 0 0.6 0

Mpwapwa 2.2 21.5 33.3 3.2 39.8

Chamwino 1.4 26.0 30.1 2.7 39.7

Dodoma Urban 98.6 1.4 0 0 0 0

Bahi 31.3 4.7 14.1 0 0 50.0

Manyoni 1.2 1.2 7.1 0 0 90.6

Singida Rural 100.0 0 0 0 0 0

Singida Urban 78.4 0 21.6 0 0 0

Iramba 94.3 0 5.7 0 0 0

Igunga 35.6 0 2.2 37.8 11.1 13.3

Kishapu 0 4.3 30.4 26.1 39.1

Shinyanga Urban 0 2.4 4.9 2.4 12.2 78.0

Total 57.2 5.1 9.1 3.0 2.0 23.6



Annex 3.14: Main Source of Cooking Fuel per Project Area (% of Households)

District Fuel wood Charcoal

Other Bio-

mass Kerosene Gas Electricity

Iringa Urban 92.3 7.7 0 0 0 0

Iringa Rural 96.6 3.4 0 0 0 0

Mpwapwa 94.6 3.2 2.2 0 0

Chamwino 89.0 9.6 0 1.4 0

Dodoma Urban 84.8 14.5 0 0.7 0 0

Bahi 95.3 3.1 1.6 0 0 0

Manyoni 98.8 0 0 1.2

Singida Rural 86.6 13.4 0 0 0 0

Singida Urban 62.2 37.8 0 0 0 0

Iramba 92.9 5.7 0 1.4 0 0

Igunga 88.9 11.1 0 0 0

Kishapu 87.0 4.3 0 4.3 0 4.3

Shinyanga Urban 92.7 0 2.4 0 0 4.9

Total 90.9 6.8 1.3 0.5 0.1 0.4


Annex 3.15: Utilisation of Drinking Water Sources per Project Area (% of House-holds)

District

Pipe

inside

house

Pipe

outside

house

Communal

stand pipe River Stream Borehole

Covered

well

Uncovered

well Dam Spring

Iringa Urban 15.4 15.4 23.1 0 7.7 0 0 30.8 0 0

Iringa Rural 4.5 23.6 34.8 1 0 2.8 0 25.3 7.9 0

Mpwapwa 2.2 12.9 67.7 6.5 0 0 7.5 3.2 0

Chamwino 1.4 26.0 30.1 2.7 0 0 39.7 0 0

Dodoma Ur-

ban

4.3 7.2 13.0 3.6 3.6 9.4 1.4 57.2 0 0

Bahi 0 12.5 60.9 12.5 0 0 0 14.1 0 0

Manyoni 0 3.5 90.5 4.7 0 0 1.2

Singida Rural 0 4.9 36.6 0 0 19.5 2.4 32.9 3.7

Singida Urban 10.8 35.1 21.6 0 0 27.0 0 5.4 0 0

Iramba 2.9 7.1 2.9 2.9 0 50.0 0 31.4 1.4 1.4

Igunga 0 2.2 11.1 53.3 0 20.0 11.1 0

Kishapu 0 8.7 0 73.9 0 0 17.4 0

Shinyanga

Urban

2.4 2.4 2.4 0 0 82.9 0 0 7.3 2.4

Total 2.9 12.6 34.6 3.1 1.4 8.3 0.4 24.7 3.3 0.5



Annex 4

Comparison of Tanzanian Law and World Bank Op 4.12 Regarding Compensation


Annex 4: Comparison of Tanzanian Law and World Bank Op 4.12 Regarding Compensation

Category of PAPs

and Types of Loss

of Assets

Tanzanian Law World Bank OP 4.12

Land Owners Cash compensation based upon market value under statute or Land for Land, distur-

bance and transport allowances, loss of profits or accommodation, cost of acquiring or

obtaining the said land, any other immediate costs or capital expenditure on the devel-

opment of the said land. Compensation must be prompt with delays incurring interest at

market rates.

Recommends land-for-land compensation.

Other compensation is at replacement cost.

Land Tenants Entitled to compensation based on the amount of rights they hold upon land under rele-

vant laws. Illegal tenants not entitled to compensation

PAPS are entitled to some form of compen-

sation regardless of the nature of their occu-

pancy (legal/illegal)

Land Users • In some cases land users have some form of secured tenure extended to them un-

der new laws. In other cases land users are not entitled to compensation for land.

• Entitled to compensation for crops and any other economic assets.

• Land for Land

Entitled to compensation for crops, may be

entitled to replacement land and income must

be restored to at least pre-project levels.

Owners of Tempo-

rary Buildings

Cash compensation based on valuation, disturbance allowance or entitled to new

equivalent structure based on market value.

Entitled to in-kind compensation or cash

compensation at full replacement cost includ-

ing labor and relocation expenses, prior to

displacement.

Owners of Perma-

nent buildings

Cash Compensation is based on market value or cost of putting up equivalent structure

at the time of valuation. Disturbance allowance.

Entitled to in-kind compensation or cash

compensation at full replacement cost includ-

ing labor and relocation expenses, prior to

displacement.

Perennial Crops Cash compensation at market value based upon historical records. Rates for each crop

established by the Valuation Division in Ministry of Lands and Human Settlements.


Annex 5

Routing Alternatives


Annex 5: Routing Alternatives

AT

km

length

of lin

e**

*

houses

affecte

d

oth

er

valu

able

str

uctu

res

affecte

d

cro

pla

nd

settle

ment

fore

st /

woodla

nd

valu

able

habitats

Change o

f

tow

ers

Way leave

are

a

Lin

e lenght

Houses

Oth

er

assets

Tota

l

old 3,6 1,6 0,7 0,4

new -3 0,1 -6 1,6 0,2 0,2 -230 1 35 -18 0 -212

old 25,7 0 4,5 1,7 1,5

new -2 -13,3 -166 1,9 410 -14 -4.655 -498 0 -4.757

old 12,5 WB, PC, WT 1,7

new -1 0,8 -21 0,5 0,4 -80 6 280 -63 -160 -17

old 16,2 Ch, Mi, SS * 1,3

new 1,8 -85 1,8 70 10 613 -255 -50 387

old 8,0 WT 2,2 1,8

new 0,6 -44 1,1 140 4 210 -132 -50 172

old 27,8 Di 7,8 9,9 0,4

new -3,8 -88 9,5 4,7 0,6 50 -5 -1.365 -264 -50 -1.634

old 20,4 PS, SS 20,4 20,4

new 0,3 -56 ? ? 0 1 105 -168 -450 -512

Sum recommended alternatives -6 -13,6 -466 360 2 -4.778 -1.398 -760 -6.573

LegendCh Church average land /ha 200 Church 20.000

Di Dispensary average house 3.000 Dispensary 50.000new Mi Mission normal tower 50.000 Primary court 10.000

** PC Primary court AT < = 30° 80.000 Primary school 150.000

PS Primary school AT > 30-60° 150.000 Second. school 300.000

SS * Secondary school (teachers houses) AT > 60° 250.000 Water tower 50.000

*** WB Weighbridge 1 km line 350.000 Weighbridge 100.000

WT Water tower add. for long spans 1.200.000 Teachers house 10.000

5

line routing as accepted by

TANESCOproposed line routing alternative

Alternative developed with respect

to the Masterplan for the

Development of the District Capital

old

6

7

old: lenght old line; new: difference

new line - old line

Makatapora-Mtera

Singida S/S-Manga

Nala

Kitusha-Kizaga

Bahi **

Puma-Isalanda

1

2

3

4

Altern

ative

Changes of structures

Area / villages

concerned

Igumbilo

Estimated Costs / Savings (TEUR)

Land cover / land use

(km length of line)


Annex 6

Coordinates of Routing Alternatives


Annex 6: Coordinates of Routing Alternatives

1 Igumbilo S/S 801,030 9,138,070 Gantry

A1 35° 800,960 9,138,200 new AT

A2 80° 800,960 9,138,920 new AT

A3 40° 802,740 9,139,230 new AT

A4 40° 803,020 9,139,580 new AT

T12 802,900 9,141,200 next AT

2 T196 802,000 9,205,500 last AT

T231 10° 814,600 9,211,100 old AT, angle changed

A1 20° 817,650 9,213,250 new AT

A2 15° 818,300 9,214,950 new AT

T295 824,900 9,217,200 old AT, angle changed

T300 826,400 9,218,700 next AT

3 Nala T7 795,900 9,316,200 last AT

T23 795,100 9,322,900 old AT changed to T

A 55° 794,700 9,325,000 new AT, in line T7-T23


T63 781,100 9,330,100 next AT

4 Bahi T83 774,200 9,334,200 last AT


A 55° 758,500 9,345,000 new AT


T154 748,300 9,345,900 next AT

5 T458 695,900 9,438,100 last AT

T475 45° 695,200 9,444,900 old T changed to AT

B 45° 697,000 9,447,600 new AT


T510 695,800 9,458,200 next AT

6 T1 695,000 9,464,900 last AT

T7 75° 696,850 9,464,800 new AT W of T7

A1 40° 700,200 9,473,700 new AT

A2 40° 699,800 9,474,600 new AT


T106 672,100 9,498,000 next AT

7 T115 670,000 9,500,400 last AT

T136 35° 667,050 9,509,250 new AT, in line T115-132

T147 20° 663,200 9,512,400 new AT

T157 20° 659,000 9,513,900 new AT

T170 25° 653,000 9,513,900 new AT

T180 15° 650,000 9,515,000 new AT

T197 643,000 9,516,400 next AT

Singida S/S-

Manga

Puma-Isalanda

Kitusha-Kizaga

Makatapora-

Mtera

An

gle

UTM Coordinates

ETow

ers

Alternative AnnotationsN

Planning conflicts

between Ministry of

Education and

Municipal Iringa have

been resolved

Crossing of water

reserve area (400 m),

further investi-gations

/ negotia-tions with

water authority

necessary

Remarks

No conflict with Bahi

Municipal Master Plan

No connection to S/S

Mtera, overspanning

Lake Mtera for 1000

m + 600 m

Legend:

• Old T / AT tower position originally accepted by TANESCO

• New T / AT new tower position ofalternatvies proposed.

Documents

Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limiteddocuments.worldbank.org/curated/en/285231468132878890/pdf/RP089… · • Prof. Palamagamba KABUDI: Environmental Law and Regulations • Ms