Synthetic Aperture Radar and
Image Processing
João MoreiraUSP, January 23rd, 2017
1. Why SAR?
2. SAR Principles;
3. Airborne Segment;
4. Ground Segment;
5. Products and Applications.
CONTENT
WHY SAR?
Why SAR ?
0 20 40 60 80 100
Mean Cloud Coverage Rate (%)
Mean Cloud Coverage Worldwide
Orbisat da Amazônia S.A. São José dos Campos/SP. Copyright 2003 - 2007
Radar Frequencies
BAND
Frequency
Wave
Length
Vegetation Coverage Worldwide
Orbisat da Amazônia S.A. São José dos Campos/SP. Copyright 2003 - 2007
Why P-band ?
X-band P-band
PENETRATION OF X- AND P-BAND SIGNALS THROUGH VEGETATION
DTM and DSM
Terrain height model derived
from P-band data
Surface height model derived from
X-band data
Orbisat da Amazônia S.A. São José dos Campos/SP. Copyright 2003 - 2007
Comparison: Radar X/P and Ikonos
Ortho Image of Ikonos - 02/2007, Paragominas Airport
Orbisat da Amazônia S.A. São José dos Campos/SP. Copyright 2003 - 2007
Comparison: Radar X/P and Ikonos
Ortho Image in X band - 11/2006, Paragominas Airport
Orbisat da Amazônia S.A. São José dos Campos/SP. Copyright 2003 - 2007
Comparison: Radar X/P and Ikonos
Ortho Image in P band - 11/2006, Paragominas Airport
SAR PRINCIPLES
Radar Illumination Geometry
Plattform mitAntenne
Flugrichtung(azimuth)
Beleuchtungsfleck(footprint)
Beleuchtungsrichtung(range)
Abbildungsstreifen(swath)
Depressionswinkel
Aircraft
with
antenna
Flight
Direction
Depression
Angle
Illuminated
Area
Range Direction
Mapping Strip
AIRBORNE SEGMENT
Data Acquisition: Flight Survey
OrbiSAR-1: inside airplane
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1 – Energy Distribution
2 – Applanix POS AV
3 – P-Band transmission
4 – Control Computer
5 – RADAR receiver
6 – X-Band transmission
7 – Omnistar (Differential GPS)
8 – Mains supply
• Flight Segment: X-Band antenna set
OrbiSAR-1
IMU mounted on the beam
• OrbiSAR-1 Flight Segment : P-Band antenna
OrbiSAR-1
Survey Flight
GROUND SEGMENT
DEM SAR image Coherence
Geocoding and
Radiometry
Phase Coherence
Interferometric
Processing
SAR Processing
image1 image2Automatically
Semi automatically/
automatically
Data Acquisition:
from Processing up to Contour Lines
Flight Plan
and Flight
Trans-
cription
SAR
proc.
Geo-
codingMosaic
Map
Gener.Client
Hard
Disk
Delivery
DVD
Map
Prints
Production Chain
Production chain
Processing Block Diagram
Data Processing
Orbisat da Amazônia S.A. São José dos Campos/SP. Copyright 2003 - 2007
Cartography
Data Acquisition:
Ground Support for Flight Survey
Data Acquisition:
Ground Support for Flight Survey
PRODUCTS AND
APPLICATION
X-band ORI
Band: X
Resolution: 2.5 m
Scale: 1:25.000
P-band ORI
Band: P
Resolution: 2.5 m
Scale: 1:25.000
Classification using X and P-pol
ORIs and DSM-DTM
Vectorization
First detailed example of topographic map production
Second detailed example of topographic map production
ORTHO-IMAGE WITH CONTOUR LINES
Orbisat Presentation | Orbisat da Amazônia S.A. Brasil. Copyright 2003 - 2007
Corresponding Topographic Map in scale 1:50,000
Orbisat Presentation | Orbisat da Amazônia S.A. Brasil. Copyright 2003 - 2007
MAP GENERATION
Selected Area
Selected Area
TRANSITION: Image X: 85% - Topographic Map 1/25.000: 15%
Topographic Map – Scale 1/25.000
X ORI Mosaic
Miltônia-Paragominas
P-HH ORI Mosaic
Projeto Miltônia-Paragominas
DSM Mosaic
Projeto Miltônia-Paragominas
DTM Mosaic
Projeto Miltônia-Paragominas
MDT – Bandas X e P (Mosaico)
Miltônia-Paragominas:DTM Mosaic
Miltônia-Paragominas:DTM with drainage network
Blue Lines
Drainage, Water Bodies , Bassins and Micro Bassins
OrbiSat da Amazônia Ind. e Aerolevantamento S.A. | São José dos Campos/SP | Copyright 2008
Miltônia-Paragominas
Contour Lines
Miltônia-Paragominas
Road Network
Miltônia-Paragominas
Image Classification
Final Line Map
CARTOGRAPHY OF THE AMAZON
●White Boxes: no maps available in 1:100.000 scale
→ 1.796.256 km² or 2.464 map sheets in scale 1:50.000
REMOTE SENSING BY RADAR
CARTOGRAPHY OF THE AMAZON - AM
REMOTE SENSING BY RADAR
REMOTE SENSING BY RADAR
X BAND SAR IMAGE – PANAMA
Panama
1:10.000
Thank You