Designing a Smarter and Greener Electric Grid: A S D t D i A hA Sensor-Data Driven Approach
Study of Power Consumption Monitoring SystemsMonitoring Systems
CDAC ThiruvananthapuramCDAC Thiruvananthapuram
Organisation of the Presentationg
About CDACAbout CDACCDAC’s component in the project-Designing a Smarter and Greener Electric Grid: A Sensor-Data Driven
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ApproachSensor configuration and digital processing platform required for home automation
wwwrequired for home automation
Scheme and description of the digital processing platform
Configuration of the communication networkConfiguration of the communication network
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Centre for Development of AdvancedCentre for Development of Advanced Computing(CDAC)
Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C‐DAC) is the premier R&D organization of theDepartment of Elecrinics andInformation Technology (DeitY), Ministry ofCommunications & Information Technology (MCIT)
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Communications & Information Technology (MCIT),Government of India for carrying out R&D in IT,Electronics and associated areas.
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Multi‐locational, Multi‐activity R&D organization with HQ at PuneMulti locational Multi activity R&D organization with HQ at Pune
Spread out at 10 locations with14 laboratories2000 employees, involved in the design, development and deploymentof electronics and advanced Information Technology
Multi‐locational, Multi‐activity R&D organization with HQ at PuneSpread out at 10 locations with14 laboratories2000 employees, involved in the design, development and deploymentof electronics and advanced Information Technology
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of electronics and advanced Information Technology
C-DAC-Thiruvananthapuram
Scientific Society of the Department of Information TechnologyScientific Society of the Department of Information Technology,
Ministry of Communication & Information Technology(DeitY),
Government of India
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Government of India
Development GroupsBroadcast & Communications Group (BCG)P El i G w
wwPower Electronics Group
Control and Instrumentation GroupStrategic Electronics GroupHardware Design GroupHardware Design Group
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Activities in Power Electronics Group
M lti l l PQ
SimulationReal time
Multi-level Inverters
PQ solutions
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Activities
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Energy storage
UPSDrives
SMPS
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Scope of the Projectp j
CDAC’s objective in this project is to provide sufficientinputs to the main project which will be piloted by IITB andUMASS
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UMASS.
As a development partner, CDAC proposes a study whichi l d id tifi ti f it bl t h l f w
wwinvolves survey and identification of suitable technology for
monitoring the energy consumption at the point of electricalpower outlets in walls of residential buildings.
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Study Pointsy
The study will coverSt d d f d t h h i H A• Standards for data exchange schemes in Home AreaNetworks and Industrial environment and the hardwarerequirement for the sameSt d d l t f f t d
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• Study on deployment of sensors for measurement andmonitoring the power consumption pattern of various loads
• Design of an embedded platform which can be integrated
wwwwith the wall mounted distribution board in in a smart home
• Deployment scheme for current and voltage sensors atdifferent points in the network
• Algorithms to identify the type of load based onactive/reactive/harmonic pattern
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Physical Outcome of the Projecty j
CDAC ill d t d t il d d t d thCDAC will conduct a detailed survey and study on thetechnology for power consumption measurement andvarious standards associated with such systems. After the
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ystudies, CDAC will generate a technical report containing
Hardware scheme with plan for sensor deployment
wwwDetails on communication scheme
Requirement specification for the embedded hardware in the sensor unithardware in the sensor unit
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Hardware ArchitectureHardware ArchitectureThe intelligence will be integrated with the distribution board as
given in the block diagram. The hardware consists of the following
building blocks
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• Voltage and current sensors
• Data acquisition hardware
D t i l tf www• Data processing platform
• Intelligent switches for connection/disconnection of loads
for demand responsefor demand response
• Communication interface
• Data logging
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• Data logging
Architecture of Smart Distribution BoardArchitecture of Smart Distribution Board
LOAD 1
Intelligent Switch
Power outlet
Smart Distribution Board
LOAD 2
LOAD 3 Utility Grid Current Sensor
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LOAD 4
LOAD 5
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LOAD N
A/D ConversionOptional f/b
Voltage Sensor
Current Sensor for critical/selected loads
Processing, Monitoring and Control Platform
Communication Interface
HMI
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HMI
Architecture of the Processing PlatformArchitecture of the Processing Platform
Communication Interface
Mass memory Storage
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PROCESSING CORE
Switch/Relay Logic
Memory Interface
Relay Control Signals
wwwSwitch/Relay Logic
A/D Converters DSP FPGA
Current f/b
Voltage f/b
I/O Ports, HMI(Optional)
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Functions of the Processing Platform
Management and Control of Domestic Smart grid technology• Sensing of voltage, current signals• Estimation of active and reactive power• Estimation of harmonic profile
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• Identification of loads and load changes• Automatic controllability for the input switches• Management of data communication
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• Identification of faults• Algorithm for various demand side load management
schemes• Data storage – Time tagging – event recording
etc..
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CDAC Thiruvananthapuram
Detailed Scheme
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Features of the Processing Platformg
• Multi core processor (OMAP L137)• FPGA for accelerating the speed of data processing (Cyclone
II-EP2C5 from Altera)
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II EP2C5 from Altera)• Ethernet, wireless, USB interfaces• HMI for status indication and operator level controls
I/O t f ON/OFF t l www• I/O ports for ON/OFF controls
• A/D channels for current and voltage feedback• Optional feed back for various environmental parameters• Data logging on local memory and SD card• Time stamping of events with RTC
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Circuit Fabrication
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OMAP FPGAAnalog region Clock circuit• PCB form factor : 220 x 150 mm
• No of Layers : 10 Layers
D i i i 16 bi 8 h l ADC(2 )
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• Data acquisition : 16 bit, 8 channel ADC(2 nos)
• Code and data storage : SPI flash, NAND flash
• Communication interfaces : UART, SPI, Ethernet,USB etc
Algorithms to be ported and tested on the g pExperimental platform platform
• Estimation of active and reactive power(IEEE Standard 1459: Definitions for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Non sinusoidal, Balanced, or Unbalanced Conditions)
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• Identifying the type of loads based on power signature of
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individual loads• Demand response based on operating conditions
(Electricity price, comfort level, Peak reduction etc..)
• Identification of faults on load side and protection(Deviation from normal signature)
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Load signature
Reactive Power
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Active Power
THD
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Incandescent lamp – steady stateIncandescent lamp steady state
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Voltage and current waveform Harmonic spectrum of current
Incandescent lamp – TransientIncandescent lamp Transient
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Voltage and current waveform Harmonic spectrum of current
CFL – Steady statey
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Voltage and current waveform Harmonic spectrum of current
CFL – TransientC a s e t
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Voltage and current waveform Harmonic spectrum of current
Motor – Steady stateoto Steady state
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Voltage and current waveform Harmonic spectrum of current
Communication Network
ExchangesExchangesVoltage & current (power), temperature, humidity and other physical
parameters between nodes and controller
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System status
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Why ZigBee ?
• Reliable• Reliable• Supports large number of nodes• Range suitable for home networks(~100m)
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• Easy to deploy• Very long battery life• Secure
wwwSecure
• Low cost• Can be used globally
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Sample Schemep
RF Current ControlMeasurement
Grid
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ZigBee Coordinator & Data Collector
Control Unit(Load Disaggregator & D M )
Visuals
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& Data Collector Data Management)
Intelligent Plug
Power Outlet
Current Measurement
Sensor / End Device CC2530
ADC Peripheral
2.4 GHz RF Transceiver
8051 MCU Core
Sensor / End Device – CC2530
Relay
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Central Controller
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OMAP SPI Peripheral
2.4 GHz RF Transceiver
8051 MCU Core
Central Controller
Collector / Collector – CC2530
Peripheral TransceiverCore
26CDAC Thiruvananthapuram
FPGA
Ethernet
Standards
IEEE Std 802.15.4e - 2012 IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks—Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs)
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)IEEE Std 1459 – 2010
IEEE Standard Definitions for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal Nonsinusoidal
wwwPower Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Nonsinusoidal,
Balanced, or Unbalanced ConditionsIEC 614000-4-30 Edition 2.0 - 2008-10
Electromagnetic Compatibilty(EMC) part 4 30: Testing andElectromagnetic Compatibilty(EMC) part 4-30: Testing and measurement techniques - power quality measurement methods
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Network Topologies
• Mesh• Star• Star• Ring• Bus
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Bus• Tree
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OSI Model
Applicationpp
PresentationApplication issues
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Transport
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Network Data transfer issues
Data link
Physical
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ZigBee Protocol
Application & ProfilesApplication & Profiles
Application Framework
Network & Security layersZigBee Specification
MAC layerIEEE 802.15.4
PHY Layer
ZigBee Protocol
Application layer
controls the application(s) running on the ZigBee device, e.g current sensing
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Zigbee Stack layer
the protocols that look after routing the data to the correct destination and security
wwwdestination and security
IEEE 802.15.4 standard
MAC sub-layer- responsible for addressing (where outgoing data is going to, and where incoming data has come from)
PHY b l ibl f th di t i i
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PHY sub-layer - responsible for the radio transmission itself
Application Framework
AO / EP240
AO / EPZigBee Device Object
(ZDO)O Pub
lic
erface
ZigBee240 1 (ZDO)APSDE‐APSDE‐SAP
APSDE‐APSDE‐SAP
ZDO
Int
APSDE‐APSDE‐SAP
t
ZigBee Application
Application Support Sublayer (APS)
NLDE‐SAP NLME‐SAPty Service
anagem
ent
AIB
Network Layer NIBSecurit
ZDO M ZigBee Alliance
Media Access Control (MAC)
MLDE‐SAP MLME‐SAP
MIB
Physical LayerPD‐SAP
PIB
PLME‐SAPIEEE 802.15.4
2.4 GHz 868 and 915 MHzPIB
ZigBee Evaluation Module(EVM) & IAR EW8051 IDE
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CC2530ZDK (From Texas Instruments)
CC2530ZDK includes:• 2 SmartRF05 Evaluation Boards
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2 SmartRF05 Evaluation Boards• 5 SmartRF05 Battery Boards• 7 CC2530 Evaluation Modules• 1 CC1531 USB Dongle
www• 1 CC1531 USB Dongle
• Antennas and batteries• IAR EW8051 C-compiler with C-SPY debugger
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CC2530EM RF module
CC2531 USB Dongle
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g
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SmartRF05BBSmartRF05BB
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Thank YouThank You
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WEG GRID
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Digital Controller
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Grid Interactive Solar PV Power PlantGrid Interactive Solar PV Power Plant
Solar Photovoltaic ArrayUtility Grid
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Digital Controller
MPPT TrackingUPF OperationCurrent THDAnti‐islanding
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* This was a joint project with IIT-Kanpur with field trial support from WBREDA, Kolkata 41
BIM 1Digital
BIO-MASS PLANT (20 kW)BIM - Basic Interface Module (10 kVA)
Y
BIM 2
BIM 3
Controller 1
WIND ELECTRIC
Y
YBIM 3
BIM 4 Central
WIND ELECTRIC GENERATOR (5 kW) Panel 1
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BIM 5
Central Control
unit
Digital Controller 2
SOLAR PANEL(55 kWp)
Y
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BIM 7
BIM 6Panel 2
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YBIM 7
BIM 8
Digital Controller 3 Dump
LoadY
YBIM 9
Panel 342
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Synchronised Phasor Measurement UnityLocal Display
(HMI)GPS Antenna
SynchrophasorGPS Receiver ADC & Signal
Processor
COM Processor
GPS Receiver gConditioning
Circuits
Communication Port
From CT & PTPhasor Messages
Flexible Open
43
pSCADA
Prototype Developed by CDACPrototype Developed by CDACPMU Module
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Sensor ModuleGPS Antenna
Power Quality SolutionsPower Quality Solutions3 Phase, 3 wire and 4 wire active filters
Si l h i filSingle phase active filters
Dynamic Voltage Restorer
Shunt Hybrid Active FiltersSource
LoadSeries Voltage injection
SERIES
INVERTER
SHUNT
CONVERTER+_
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