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Barbara Becker and Tate Kihara, 27 November 2013
Collaboration in education, research and innovation between Switzerland and the Asia-Pacific regionAction plan 2013-2016 and survey results
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State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI)
Mandate 2013 bis 2016
ETH Zürich = Leading House (LH) forChina, Japan and South Korea
The function includes the exploration of other nations in theAsia-Pacific regionwith promising potential for research collaboration
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Action plan 2013-2016 Pilot activities with additional countries in the Asia-Pacific region
a. Preparatory and exploratory activities (2013-mid2014)
Identification and ranking of geopolitical criteria
Mapping of existing collaboration between Swiss institutions and target countries
Mapping of the science landscape in the target region
National and regional workshop
b. Joint pilot activities (mid2014-mid2016)
Target groups: scientists, research administrators and policy-makers
Instruments: Small grants, exploratory missions, short course for science administrators, high-level visits
c. Evaluation of the experiences, report to SERI (2016)
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The 20 target countries in the Asia Pacific region
AfghanistanAustraliaBangladeshBhutanCambodiaIndonesiaLaosMalaysiaMongoliaMyanmarNepalNew ZealandNorth KoreaPakistanPapua-NeuguineaPhilippinesSri LankaThailandTimor-LesteVietnam
Pink: Countries with on-going bilateral programmesSwissnex office (green circle) or S&T counseller
Criteria
World Bank regions:South Asia +East Asia and Pacific
Countries with> 1M inhabitants
SERI bilateral contractcountries excluded(China, Japan, S. Korea, India; Singapore)
20 countries
OECD DAC categories(GNI based)
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Country
Development and growth indicators
GDP per capita ($)
Population (Mio) 2012 / 2050(increase, %)
Human Develop-ment Index (HDI)
Least developed countries 292.7 / 402.9 (+38)Afghanistan 586 30 / 76 (+153) 0.39Bangladesh 706 161 / 194 (+20) 0.54Bhutan 2'336 0.7 / 0.9 (+29) 0.52Cambodia 897 14 / 19 (+36) 0.54Laos 1'303 6 / 8 (+33) 0.52Myanmar 1'144 54 / 56 (+4) 0.48Nepal 607 26 / 46 (+77) 0.46Timor-Leste 4'829 1 / 3 (+200) 0.49
Other low income countries (GNI < $1’005 in 2010) 24 / 26 (+8)
Korea, Dem. Rep. 506 24 / 26 (+8) no data
Lower middle income countries (GNI $1’006-3’975) 531.0 / 763 (+44)
Indonesia 3'495 237 / 293 (+24) 0.61Mongolia 3'060 3 / 4 (+33) 0.65Pakistan 1'182 172 / 274 (+59) 0.5Papua-Neuguinea 1'794 7 / 14 (+100) 0.46Philippines 2'370 92 / 155 (+68) 0.64Sri Lanka 2'812 20 / 23 (+15) 0.69Vietnam 3‘545 92 / 104 (+13) 0.62
Upper middle income countries (GNI $3’976-12’275) 97 / 114 (+18)
Malaysia 9'977 28 / 43 (+54) 0.76Thailand 5'318 69 / 71 (+3) 0.68
High-income countries 60.5 / no data (-)
Australia 67'039 22 / 31 (+41) 0.92New Zealand 36'874 4.5 / 6 (+33) 0.9
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Apr Letter by R. Eichler to all members of CRUS, KFH, COHEP-> nomination of contact persons
June List of contact persons12 universities (2 ETHs + 10 cantonal universities)
12 universities of applied sciences and teachers education
38 research institutes (based on SERI list)
Aug Survey sent out
-> Institutional contacts
-> Individual researchers’ contacts – snowball system
Oct 31 Deadline for evaluation
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Survey approach
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Invitation letter Very high response rate and interest: 12/12 unis; 9/9 FHs; 3/15 PHs
Survey for Institutions Response rate: 10/12 unis; 7/12 FH/PH; 13/38 RI (Total: 30)
Many of the responses were incomplete partly because institutions did not have data or
had difficulty in sharing data with ETH Zurich.
Survey for Researchers
Response rate: 160/11 unis; 24/5 FH/PH; 35/10 RI (Total: 219)
Most responses of high quality
General: Timing not convenient (summer break)
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First observations on responses
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Institutional responses
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Respondents to “Survey for Institutions” (N=30)1.Institution Inst.
affiliationCategory office for
int. affairsName of the int. office
EPF Lausanne ETH Domain U No International Relations, CODEV,OthersETH Zurich ETH Domain U Yes ETH GlobalUniversità della Svizzera italiana U Yes International relations and study-aborad serviceUniversität Bern U Yes international relationsUniversität Luzern U Yes International Relations OfficeUniversität Zürich U Yes International Relations OfficeUniversité de Fribourg U Yes International Relations OfficeUniversité de Genève U YesUniversité de Lausanne U Yes International relations officeUniversité de Neuchâtel U No Département Promotion et affaires académique & Bureau
de la mobilitéBerner Fachhochschule, HAFL FH/PH No Departemental services internationalFachhochschule Nordwestschweiz FH/PH Yes International OfficeHaute école spécialisée de Suisse occidentale HES-SO FH/PH Yes International Ressort KFHHochschule Luzern FH/PH Yes International OfficePädagogische Hochschule Zürich (PH Zürich) FH/PH Yes International OfficeScuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana FH/PH No International OfficeZurich University of the Arts/Zürcher Hochschule der Künste (ZFH) FH/PH Yes International OfficeAdolphe Merkle Institute U Fribourg RI Yes Service des relations internationalesBiotechnologie Institut Thurgau (BITg) RI NoFriedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI) RI NoINSPIRE ETH Zurich RI NoMaterials science and technology research institution (EMPA) ETH Domain RI No International Research CooperationsPaul Scherrer Institute (PSI) ETH Domain RI NoSwiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM) RI No Marketing & Business DevelopmentSwiss center for expertise in the Social Sciences (FORS) U Lausanne RI NoSwiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT) U Basel RI NoSwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) ETH Domain RI NoSwiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB) RI NoSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) U Basel RI NoSwisspeace, Universität Basel U Basel RI No
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Institutional partnerships (any kind; N=30)
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
18
12
10
6 6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4
3 3 3
2
1 1 1
0
8
Total = 101 p.
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Institutional partnerships
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Austr
Thai
Viet
NZ
Indon
Mal
Nep
al
Phil
Mong
Pak
Bangl
Laos
SLanka
Bhutan
Tota
l
EPFL 2 3 5ETHZ 5 5UniBe 1 2 1 4UniFr 1 4 2 2 9UniGe 4 1 5 1 1 1 1 14UNIL 13 13UniLu 2 1 1 2 6UniNe 1 1UZH 77 10 10 8 5 5 2 2 2 1 1 123FHNW 2 3 9 14PHZ 2 1 1 1 5HSLU 2 3 5ZFH 1 1BFH, HAFL 1 1 2EMPA 1 1PSI 5 1 6CSEM 1 1AMI 1 1
Total 119 26 20 11 10 8 5 4 3 3 2 2 2 1216
18/30CH institutions
14/20 countries
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Institutional collaboration by country and partner institution
Institution short cate-gory Institution, Australia Type of coll. year
times mentioned
UZH U University of Tasmania Research agreement 8
UniLu U University of Tasmania Exchange agreement 2
EPFL U University of New South Wales Exchange agreement 2012 5
ETHZ U University of New South Wales Exchange agreement 2013 5
UNIL U University of New South WalesMemorandum, Exchange agreement 2011
5
UZH
U University of New South Wales Exchange agreements & Research agreement
5
UniBe U University of Technology, Sydney Exchange agreement 2007 5
UniFr U University of Technology, Sydney Exchange agreement 5
UNIL U University of Technology, Sydney Exchange agreement 2001 5
UniNe U University of Technology, Sydney Exchange agreement 5
UZH U University of Technology, Sydney Exchange agreement 5
ETHZ U Australian National University Memorandum 2005 3
ETHZ U Australian National University Alliance 2005 3
Print-out tables for working group discussion
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Researcher responses
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3
8
15
35
38
24
12 12
86 5 4
1
10
5 4 4
1
14
2 2 2 1 1 1 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Institutional belonging of the respondents (N=219)
Caution about selective representation of institutions
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32%
32%
12%
15%
9%
Professors
Senior Scientists
Postdoc
PhD students
Other
Research fields and academic degree of survey respondents (N=220)
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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Others
Architecture
Agriculture
Chemistry
Mathematical and Physical Sciences
Engineering
Arts and Humanities
Environmental Sciences
Computer Sciences
Medical Sciences
Biology
Social Sciences
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
# contacts HDI
- 0.5
- 0.9
- 0
Least developed countries Lower middle income countries High incomecountries
Upper middleincome countries
Existing partnerships (N = 259)
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Stays in the target countries(135 researchers, cumulative stays N = 299)
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Timor-Leste
North Korea
Afghanistan
Myanmar
Papua-Neuginea
Bhutan
Sri Lanka
Bangladesh
Mongolia
Pakistan
Philippines
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
Malaysia
NewZealand
Indonesia
Vietnam
Thailand
Australia
1st stay
2nd stay
3rd stay
4th stay
52
8 9 12
0
23
2
8
0
0
112
8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 stay 2 stays 3 stays 4 stays
4 countries3 countries2 countries1 country
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80
60
4542
3133
28 2926 27
16
2421 22
12
16
8
28
13
7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Existing partnerships
Interest in new partnerships
(N=259)
Interest in new partnerships (N = 568)
Interest/existing > 4
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Challenges in existing partnerships(open question, N = 66)
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21
129
11
3
2
4
3 1
Not enough funds
Language barriers
Local burocracy and administration (i.e. sample shipping, visa requirements)
Cultural difference
Corruption
Quality of infrastructure
Not enough qualified staff andresearchers
Unstable political situations &safety
Guaranteed long-term perspective
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Conclusions
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Ranking (researchers & institutions, Ø of 4 questions)
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13.25
11.75
11
8.5
7.75
6.75
5.25
5
3.5
3
2.5
1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Laos
Mongolia
Philippines
Nepal
Malaysia
Indonesia
Vietnam
NewZealand
Thailand
Australia • Indicative snapshot of relative relevance for CH partners
• Incomplete, but presumablyvalid approximation
• Heterogeneous data base
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
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R&D intensity
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Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD)as a percentage of GDP, 2009 or latest available year
GERD in PPP$ millions ranges from 2.6 (Laos) to 15 284 (Austr.)
(UNESCO Institute for Statistics, July 2011)
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GERD (%GDP): existing partnerships (CH res.)
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00
Australia
NewZealand
GERD (%GDP)
# partn.
Pakistan
Malaysia
ThailandVietnam
Indonesia
GERD in % GDP 2007For Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam 2002*Countries that did not report GERD are set = 0 (Source: UNESCO 2010 Science Report)
Mongolia
Sri Lanka
Philippines*NepalCambodiaLaos
*Bangladesh
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Indonesia*VietnamThailand
**Bangladesh*Cambodia*LaosMongolia**NepalPhilippinesSri Lanka
Australia
New ZealandMalaysia
Pakistan
Higher Investment in Research and
Development
Lower Investment in Research and
Development
More Partnerships with SwissResearchers
Swiss partnerships – research intensity
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Less Partnerships with SwissResearchers
*GERD 2002 (instead 2007)** no GERD data available
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Workshop discussion («collective wisdom»)
Refinement of country indicators for comparison
Country reviews
Political considerations
Next steps
Workshop with representatives of the region:June 2014, Singapore
Pilot activities
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Validation of survey results
Thank you for your attention!
27 Nov 201326 Barbara Becker and Tate Kihara