Standards and Geophysical Data
UPSTREAM INTERNATIONAL DATA EXCHANGE FORMATS ON TAPE AND
DISK
April 22, 2023 1Troika International - [email protected]
Not Rocket Science
April 22, 2023 2Troika International - [email protected]
Low Cost
April 22, 2023 3Troika International - [email protected]
350 square kilometre 3D seismic survey on Block L in Brunei Darusallam.
April 22, 2023 4
The survey, costing a total of approximately US$15.3 million,
is expected to commence in Q1 of 2008.
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OGP, Energistics and SEG
April 22, 2023 6
StandardsSEGDSPSSEGYVelocityP2/90P1/90WITSMLPRODML
ComplianceVersionLayout
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OGP
April 22, 2023 7Troika International - [email protected]
American Petroleum Institute (API)Asistencia Recíproca Petrolera Empresarial Latinoamericana (ARPEL)Association of German Oil & Gas Producers (WEG)ASSOMINERARIAAustralian Petroleum Production & Exploration AssociationBraziliam Petroleum, Gas and Biofuels Institute (IBP) Colombian Safety CouncilEnergy InstituteInternational Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC)International Association of Geophysical Contractors (IAGC) International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA)Irish Offshore Operators' Association (IOOA)Netherlands Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Association (NOGEPA)Norwegian Oil Industry Association (OLF)Oil & Gas UK
Nexen Inc.Oil & Natural Gas Corporation, IndiaOMVPapuan Oil Search LtdPerenco Holdings LtdPetróleo Brasileiro SAPetróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX)Petronas Carigali Sendirian BerhadPremier OilPTT Exploration and ProductionQatar PetroleumRas Laffan Liquified Natural GasRepsol YPFSafer Exploration & ProductionShell International ExplorationShtokman Development AGStatoilSuncorTalisman EnergyTNK-BP ManagementTotalTullow OilWintershall AGWoodside Energy LtdYemen LNG Company Ltd
Abu Dhabi National Oil CompanyAddax PetroleumAnadarko Petroleum BG GroupBHP BillitonBP plcCairn EnergyChevron CorporationCNOOC LimitedConocoPhillipsDevon Energy CorporationDolphin Energy LtdDONG EnergyDragon OilEni SpAExxonMobilFairfield Energy plcGDF SUEZHess LimitedHocolINPEX CorporationKUWAIT OIL COMPANYMaersk Olie og Gas ASMarathon Oil CompanyMOL Plc – Hungarian Oil GasMubadala
Energistics
April 22, 2023 8
AccentureAmerican Geological Institute AP Arizona Geological SurveyAspenTechAthens Group, Inc.Atman ConsultingAtos OriginAustin GeoModeling, Inc. Baker HughesBeijing Yiheng Sunny Tech.BJ ServicesBPCavendish Group, Oil & GasChevronCommon Data Access LtdComputer Modelling GroupCovisintUK DECCUS DOI-BLM-MMSDigital Energy JournalDigital Oilfield SolutionsIndia (DGH)DreiBitDrillScanDynamic Graphics, Inc.ECCMAEnergy TribuneEnigma Data Solutions LtdExxonMobilGeolog SPAGeologix LtdGeoservicesGrooVizGround Water ProtectionHalliburtonHRH LimitedIBM Corporation
Independent Data ServicesInfosysInstitut Francais du Petrole (IFP)Interactive Network TechnologiesInternational Association of Oil & Gas Producers (OGP)IO-hubJOA Oil & Gas BVKongsbergLIOS TechnologyMaersk OilMahindra SatyamMatrikonMerrick Systems, Inc.Microsoft CorporationMoblizeNancy School of GeologyNational Oilwell VarcoNorwegian Petroleum Directorate Object Management Group Offshore EngineerOFS Portal LLCOil & Gas EurasiaOil & Gas VerticalOil IT JournalOilTeams S.R.L.Oilware, Inc.ONGCOpen Geospatial Consortium (OGC)OpenSpiritOracleOSIsoft, LLCParadigmPason
PelotonPerfomixPetris Technology, Inc.PetroComputingPetroleum Agency SAPIDXPetrolinkPetrotechnical Data SystemsPioneer Natural ResourcesPipeline Open Data StandardPointCross, Inc.POSC Caesar AssociationPPDM AssociationRomanian SocietyGeophysics RoxarRPS EnergySaudi AramcoSchlumbergerSeismic Micro-TechnologyShellSillimanite Software LimitedSmith InternationalSoyuzneftegazservice (SNGS)Sristy Technologies LLCStatoilTata Consultancy Services (TCS)The Open GroupTietoTotalTransform Software & ServicesVerdande TechnologyWeatherfordWellstormWoodside EnergyWorld OilXeroxZeus TechnologyTroika International - [email protected]
SEG (Society Exploration Geophysicists)
More than 33000 members in 138 countries
April 22, 2023 9Troika International - [email protected]
Oil Company WorkflowSpecification
ContractAcquire (SEGD) – Storage (QC?)
Processes (SEGY) – Storage (QC?)
Delivery of Data to Oil CompanyProject
Interpretation
April 22, 2023 10Troika International - [email protected]
QUALITY CONTROL
April 22, 2023 11
Data Format (Accessible by applications)Data Samples (Valid information)Meta-data (e.g. Positioning)?Statistics / Compliance
ETC.....
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Exchange Formats
Data and the Exchange FormatsThe basis of all, data, information and
knowledge
Without Digital Samples You Cannot Find Oil and Gas
Tape And/Or Disk
April 22, 2023 12Troika International - [email protected]
TAPESample Data Exchange Formats Began As Tape
Formats
April 22, 2023 13Troika International - [email protected]
TAPE MAP
April 22, 2023 14Troika International - [email protected]
ENCAPSULATION or NATIVE
April 22, 2023 15
SEGD and SEGY – Native on DiskUses information in header record to create byte
stream
SEGY – Binary Header, number of samples per trace
SEGD – Calculates number of samples per trace
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SEGY EBCDIC Header
April 22, 2023 16
3205‑3208 * Line number (only one line per reel).3209‑3212 * Reel number.3213‑3214 * Number of data traces per record 3215‑3216 * Number of auxiliary traces per record 3217‑3218 * Sample interval in µsec (for this reel of data)3219‑3220 * Sample interval in µsec (for original field recording)3221‑3222 * Number of samples per data trace (for this reel )3223‑3224 * Number of samples per data trace (for original )3225‑3226 * Data sample format code3227‑3228 * CDP fold (expected number of traces per
CDP/ensemble).
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SEGY Binary Header
April 22, 2023 17
3201-3204 Job number: 3758603205‑3208 * Line number: 12343209‑3212 * Reel number: 13213‑3214 * Data traces per ensemble: 2403215‑3216 * Aux traces per ensemble: 23221‑3222 * Sample interval (this reel): 20003221‑3222 * Samples per trace (this reel): 30723225‑3226 * Sample format code: 1 (IBM 32-bit FP)3229‑3230 Trace sort code: 1 (as recorded (field))
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SEGY Trace Header
April 22, 2023 18
1 ‑ 4 * Trace sequence number within line‑numbers continue to increase if additional reels are required on same line.
9 –12 * Original field record number.13‑16 * Trace number within the original field record.29‑30 * Trace identification code:
1 = seismic data 4 = time break 7 = timing2 = dead 5 = uphole 8 = water break3 = dummy 6 = sweep 9‑‑‑‑ N = optional use
115‑116 * Number of samples in this trace. 117‑118 * Sample interval in µsec for this trace
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SEGD Header
April 22, 2023 19
---- Format recognized as SEGD_DMX ----File number: 128SEGD format code: 8024 (16-bit quaternary exponent demultiplexed)SEGD format revision: 0000Base scan interval: 2 millisecRecord length: 5632 millisecDate and time: 94/049 15:55:14Record type: 8 (normal record)Manufacturer code: 22 (Geco/Prakla)
Scan Chan Chan No Sample Start EndType Set Type Chans Int Time Time 1 1 6 27 2 0 5632 1 2 1 960 2 0 5632Normal {Normal completion}
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SEGD ON DISK
April 22, 2023 20
T-Max Minus T – Zero
End Time Minus Start Time
___________________________________________
DT
First Sample at Time Zero = Extra Sample
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SEGD ON DISK - LAYOUT
April 22, 2023 21Troika International - [email protected]
SEGD ON DISK?
April 22, 2023 22Troika International - [email protected]
Ramifications of Individual SEGD files
480 channel /2 mil / 6 secondSEGD 8015 – 20 bit binary
100,000 x 3590 cartridges = approx 280 million files
SEGD 3.0The Future –
Improved Handshake to QC and ProcessingMeasurements Table – (Open Spirit/Energistics) Table of Contents - Survey InformationCo-ordinate Reference System- EPSG CompliantTime Stamp GPS EpochComplex Source ConfigurationTrailer – Edits etcIncreased FlexibilityData on Disk
April 22, 2023 23Troika International - [email protected]
ENCAPSULATION
April 22, 2023 24
TIF - Tape Image File
Baker Hughes method for writing BIT wire line format data to disk
Native limit, pointer signed – 2 GigNative limit, pointer unsigned – 4GigVirtual PointersExtended TIF – many versions, not a published or ratified
exchange standard
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ENCAPSULATION
April 22, 2023 25
TARTape ARchive also known as tarball
Standardized by POSIX.1-1988 and later POSIX.1-2001.
Implmentations – Unix TAR, Linux TAR, Windows WinTar, 32 bit TAR, 64 bit TAR
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ENCAPSULATION
April 22, 2023 26
RODERecord Oriented Data Encapsulation
SEG data exchange standard Meta-data entry fields
Based on RP66 as is DLISComplex but published and reliable if using correct
implementation
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Standards within StandardsOGP
Surveying and Positioning Committee
SEGTechnical Standards Committee
“Standards Within Standards”PositioningMeasurements TablesManufacturers Codes
April 22, 2023 27Troika International - [email protected]
UpdatesOGP – positioning exchange formats
Headers in line with SEGDEnergistics – velocity exchange format
Headers in line with OGP “P” formatsSEG – SPS format
Headers in line with OGP and SEG formatsSEG – Update of SEGD
Enable reading of formats as csv and xml files
April 22, 2023 28Troika International - [email protected]
Revisit Old DataQuote from IBM web-site“Effective September 29, 2006, IBM
will withdraw from marketing the 3590 Enterprise Tape Drive.”
Tape currently 600 Gig 3592High Enterprise Drive (the only
one)
In Design Phase the 5.5 Terrabyte tape
April 22, 2023 29Troika International - [email protected]
ContractsWhat do They Say?
SEG CompliantSEGDNothing
Cut and Paste
Needle in HaystackHow do you organize
600 Gbytes of data4 Hrs to 20 Hrs
April 22, 2023 30
In ConclusionUse Standards and Good PracticesProperly specify what you wantFree advise from professional bodyFrom TODAY Improve thingsUSA Government, real time monitoringNPD Mandate SEGD 3.0 for Norwegian Waters
Historic Data – 10 year cycle of proactive data management
April 22, 2023 31Troika International - [email protected]
SEG – TSC
Geophysical Data Management
Be there or Be Square
April 22, 2023 32Troika International - [email protected]
Thank YouJill Lewis, Managing Director
Troika InternationalTechnical Standards Committee, SEGLiasion SEG/OGPCo-Chair Global Affairs Committee
Europe and FSUSEG, PESGB, AAPG, SPE, EI, HGS, GSH, GOSH, EAGE, APSG, SPE ........
April 22, 2023 33Troika International - [email protected]