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Spectrum Management Tools and Techniques 2020 -Tria l for an outlook to the next decade
Cédric GonzalezLS telcom SAS, France
ITU-D Regional Development Forum for the Africa Reg ion onModern Spectrum Management and transition from Anal ogue to
Digital Broadcasting - Trends and TechnologiesBanjul, 14 – 16 July 2010
© 2010 LS telcom AG Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 2
Agenda
� Challenges Ahead
� Possible Cure's
� Flexible Licensing: Need for Smart Monitoring Systems
� Exempt, Temporary and Micro Cell Licensing: Need for Self Managing Devices & Band Databases
� Improved Spectrum Management Systems
� Summary
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Rising Spectrum Demand
Challenges Ahead
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Challenges (1/4)
� Modified user demands and habits…
� Open Broadband access everywhere, Fixed, Nomadic and Mobile
� High Definition TV
� Still rising mobile communication demand
� Event Communication increases rapidly
� New Services coming up
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Challenges (2/4)
� Other requirements …
� Non Civilian Usage increases: - Remote control of robots and vehicles
- Video surveillance
- Tactical Communication
� Health issues
� Carbon Balance
We need smart methods to manage and use our Spectrum more e fficiently !
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Spectrum Consumption per Service
Challenges (3/4)
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Where is Spectrum consumed?
Challenges (4/4)
Band usage in UK. Source: Ofcom
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Possible Cure: Flexible Licensing
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Flexible Licensing (1/3)
� Technology and Service Neutral Licenses
� Frequencies and whole Spectrum shall be granted for arbitrary
technology as long as band masks are obeyed
� Method to overcome technology blocking of granted licenses
� Problem is to keep the definitions general- Encouraging change of technology
- Avoiding interference in adjacent bands and regions
� Better Analysis and Measurement coverage may be required
� Inter-Service Co-Ordination may be complex
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� Technology Neutral Licenses: Band masks
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
050 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250
Atte
nuat
ion
in d
Bc
Frequency Separation from the Center Frequency in Percent of Carrier Width
Flexible Licensing (2/3)
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� Spectrum trading and secondary usage
� Re-Sale of granted frequency space will be widely in place
� Allowing Re-Use of assigned Spectrum when business models do not pay out or demand is gone
� Very different models in place and under discussion- Simple trade of complete frequency or spectrum block
- Sub-Use of residual Spectrum (not for high availability services)
- Time Slot defined use
To ensure Quality of service, the monitoring needs to be improved !
Flexible Licensing (3/3)
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Needed Support: Smart Monitoring Devices
allowing
“Interactive Frequency Assignment”
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� Distributed Spectrum Monitoring Systems
� Small, IP based units with Omni, Directed or DF Antennas
� Units are usually programmable, often based on an embedded Windows or Linux System
� Reduces the effort of mobile campaigns and is permanently available
� Costs usually substantially lower than for standard equipment
� Provides permanent sensing capabilities with a narrow mesh
Measurement Location
TX Location
Smart Monitoring (1/3)
Classic Scenario Meshed Scenario
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Smart Monitoring (2/3)
� Distributed Spectrum Monitoring Systems: Examples
Agilent N6841
CRFS RFeye
Thales TRC 6200
R&S UMS120
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t1 t1+Delta tMeasurement Location
TX Location
� Time Difference on Arrival� Location without directive antennas
� Very efficient in Cities
� Needs at least 3-4 stations for successful location analysis
Delta t
Trigger Time to Trigger Time to
Trigger
Event
Trigger
Event
Smart Monitoring (3/3)
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Possible Cure:
Exempt, Temporary and Micro Cell Licensing
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Elimination of Neighbourhood Problems
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0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Size of License Area in 1000 km²
Rs= 1 km
Rs= 5 km
Rs= 10 km
Rs= 20 km
Rs= 50 km
Sha
ring
Effi
cien
cy
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0.55
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0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Size of License Area in 1000 km²
Rs= 1 km
Rs= 5 km
Rs= 10 km
Rs= 20 km
Rs= 50 km
Sha
ring
Effi
cien
cy
Digital PMR
Cellular Mobile
PMP NLOS
Digital TV
Analogue TV
���� Micro cell structures are more spectrum efficient
Possible Cure: Microcell Licensing
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Possible Cure: Modified Band Packing
� Filling in add on services in free time or free loc ations
A
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C
F
D E
B
H IG
A A
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A
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AAA
A B
D
A
E
ABC
One Operator
One Service Multiple Services
Multiple Operators
A
A
A
A A
A
A AA
A
A
A
A A
A
A AA
A
C
F
D E
B
H IG
A
C
F
D E
B
H IG
A A
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AAA
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A B
D
A
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ABC
A B
D
A
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ABC
One Operator
One Service Multiple Services
Multiple Operators
This method requires Self Managing Devices or a Real Time M anager !
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Needed Support: Self Managing Devices
allowing
“Fully Automated Frequency Assignment”
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Self Managing Devices (1/2)
� Cognitive-Software Defined Radios (CR) according FC C:
� Frequency Agility
� Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS)
� Adaptive Modulation
� Transmit Power Control (TPC)
� Location Awareness
� Negotiated Use
Fre
qu
ency
Time
Control Channel
Device 2
Device 1
Device 3
Device 4Device 5
Device 6
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� Cognitive-Software Defined Radios (CR):
� Defined distribution rules
� Soft-regulator
� Control channel
� Defined Protocol
Self Managing Devices (2/2)
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Needed Support: Band Databases
allowing
“Real Time Frequency Assignment”
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Band Databases (1/2)
� White-Space databases
� Where are which frequencies and which services when in use
� Is the frequency open for secondary usage
� Is use negotiable?
� At which costs and restrictions?
Time
Amplitude
Frequency
Frequency White-Space
White-Space in Time
Local White-Space
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White Space Database Set-Up for TVBD FCC
Band Databases (2/2)
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Possible Cure:
Improved Spectrum Management Systems
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� Service Oriented Architecture allows smarter intera ctions
� Automated Processes can be realized much easier
DB App.General
EMC
WEB App.Service Analysis
Improved SMS: WEB serviced tools
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Licensing Process
New Application
Frequency Assignment
Print Application Receipt
Calculate Fee
Technical Analysis
Load Channel Arrangement
National Coordination
International Coordination
ITU Notification
Technical Analysis Complete
Interference Analysis
Licensing
Technical
Monitoring
Finance
Departments
Business
Process
Engine Wiz
ards
External Monitoring System
Spectrum Monitoring
MonitoringOrder
MeasurmentResult
External CRM System
New Application Data EntryAddress Data
Status Data
External Finance System
Print ProposalInvoice Data
PaidIssue License
Dep
artm
ents
Licensee
Improved SMS: Fully automated processes
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Improved SMS: WEB serviced networks
� Networked systems improve speed and quality
White Space
database
Monitoring
sensor
Monitoring
sensor
Monitoring
sensor
Cognitive
Radio
ITU
Databases
Regional
Databases
Regulator
SMS
Regulator
Users
Regulator
Stakeholder
Private Calc.
Service
Military
Regulator
ITU Calc.
Services
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Summary
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Summary
� There will be significant changes in Policy and Tec hnology
� Licensing will face� Technology neutrality
� Spectrum Trading
� Secondary/White Space usage
� Cognitive Radio is under way but will unfold its si gnificance not before the mid of the next decade due to price and availability
� Monitoring will become a more important role in fre quency assignment
� White Space Databases will speed up frequency assig nment
� Future SMS Software might look different:� More involved entities
� Usage of Web services will better link the world
� Interactive licensing will become a common mean