Space Weather and Space Surveillance correlations within the future European SSA system
Th. Donath (ONERA), C. Saunders (QinetiQ), A. Hilgers (ESA)
5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels)
Slide #2 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels)
Contents
• Users’ requirements
• Functional requirements
• Technical requirements
• Possible architectural options
• Conclusions
Slide #3 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels)
Users’ requirements
• To be aware of the Space Situation :• Trackable space objects• Space environment (radiations, non trackable space objects)• NEOs
• To be aware of the Threats against space assets of interest or coming from space :
• Collisions• Break-ups• Re-entries• Interferences• Charging, aging, mechanical effects or arcing due to particles …
• To be autonomous in Europe thanks to verifiable, dependable, accurate and timely information.
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System
Earth orbital
population
Users Space assets of interest
Contributing sensors Contributing sources of information
Data policy
Resources sharing
principles Space environment
Space threats
Functional requirements
MF2
MF1
MF3CF1
CF2
Slide #5 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels)
Technical requirementsData structure
Internal ID
Attributes
Data policy attributes
Data type
Data ID given by the system to each data representing one piece of information.
Data characteristics :1. Epoch2. Format3. Value (1D, 2D, 3D, 4D)4. Confidence degree5. Source6. Related IDs 7. History
Data characteristics for relations with Users :1. Confidentiality 2. Priority
Possible data types :1. Users’ request2. Space object data3. Space environment data4. NEO data5. Warning data6. Raw information7. Answer to User.
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Technical requirementsRequired assets
Mandatory for MF1Mandatory for MF1
MF2MF2 MF3MF3Non MFidedicated
MF3
Thermosphericmeasurements
Solar wind measurements
X-UV Sun + solar UV flux
Ionosphericmeasurements
e- & p+, particulate detectors
MF2
MF1
Tracking sensors
Survey sensors
Main function
MF3
Thermosphericmeasurements
Solar wind measurements
X-UV Sun + solar UV flux
Ionosphericmeasurements
e- & p+, particulate detectors
MF2
MF1
Tracking sensors
Survey sensors
Main function
Users’ interface
Contributing sources of information
Commsnetwork
Models & data processing
Internal Databases
MF3
MF2
MF1
Planning processing
Main function
Users’ interface
Contributing sources of information
Commsnetwork
Models & data processing
Internal Databases
MF3
MF2
MF1
Planning processing
Main function
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Technical requirementsSensors locations
L12 SSO/ GEO/L1
GTO dataFor
Ground-based
GTOGTOGTOSpace-based
MEO/GEO dataFor
Ground-based
MEO / GEOSSOSSOSpace-based
Particulate
Ground-based
SSO4 SSOSpace-based
« Atmospheric » data
2&3
Thermosphericmeasurements
2&3
Solar wind
measurements
Solar data
2&3
X-UV Sun +
solar UV flux
2&3
Ionosphericmeasurements
2&3
e- & p+, particulate detectors
LEO dataFor
1&2&31&2MF
Tracking sensors
Survey sensors
L12 SSO/ GEO/L1
GTO dataFor
Ground-based
GTOGTOGTOSpace-based
MEO/GEO dataFor
Ground-based
MEO / GEOSSOSSOSpace-based
Particulate
Ground-based
SSO4 SSOSpace-based
« Atmospheric » data
2&3
Thermosphericmeasurements
2&3
Solar wind
measurements
Solar data
2&3
X-UV Sun +
solar UV flux
2&3
Ionosphericmeasurements
2&3
e- & p+, particulate detectors
LEO dataFor
1&2&31&2MF
Tracking sensors
Survey sensors
Recommended / possible solutionRecommended / possible solution
Not recommended / impossible solutionNot recommended / impossible solution
No requirement
Slide #8 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels)
Technical requirementsSensors types
L12 SSO/ GEO/L1
GTO dataFor
Ground-based
GTOGTOGTOSpace-based
MEO/GEO dataFor
Ground-based
MEO / GEOSSOSSOSpace-based
Particulate
Ground-based
SSO4 SSOSpace-based
« Atmospheric » data
2&3
Thermosphericmeasurements
2&3
Solar wind
measurements
Solar data
2&3
X-UV Sun +
solar UV flux
2&3
Ionosphericmeasurements
2&3
e- & p+, particulate detectors
LEO dataFor
1&2&31&2MF
Tracking sensors
Survey sensors
L12 SSO/ GEO/L1
GTO dataFor
Ground-based
GTOGTOGTOSpace-based
MEO/GEO dataFor
Ground-based
MEO / GEOSSOSSOSpace-based
Particulate
Ground-based
SSO4 SSOSpace-based
« Atmospheric » data
2&3
Thermosphericmeasurements
2&3
Solar wind
measurements
Solar data
2&3
X-UV Sun +
solar UV flux
2&3
Ionosphericmeasurements
2&3
e- & p+, particulate detectors
LEO dataFor
1&2&31&2MF
Tracking sensors
Survey sensors
OpticalOptical RadarRadarNot recommended / No requirementNot recommended / No requirement
Dedicated to measurement domain
Dedicated to measurement domain
Slide #9 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels)
Possible architectural options
Three architectural options due to sensors :
• Mostly ground-based option
• Space-based option for high-altitude orbits
• Mixed option
In any case, an information system with :
• A “unified” data structure whatever the data type
• A “unified” data processing / domain whatever the locations and types of sensors.
• A “unified” data management / data centre with an “agreed” data policy to guarantee the non disclosure of sensitive information.
• A GEO Data Relay Satellite for ensuring SW data timeliness.
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Option 1 : Mostly ground-based architecture
GEO DRS
Ground-based Space-based No requirement
L12 SSO/ GEO/L14 SSO
GTO dataFor
GTOLocation
MEO/GEO dataFor
MEO / GEOLocation
Location
« Atmospheric » data
2&3
Thermosphericmeasurements
2&3
Solar wind measurements
Solar data
2&3
X-UV Sun + solar UV flux
2&3
Ionosphericmeasurements
2&3
e- & p+, particulate detectors
LEO dataFor
1&2&31&2MF
Tracking sensors
Survey sensors
L12 SSO/ GEO/L14 SSO
GTO dataFor
GTOLocation
MEO/GEO dataFor
MEO / GEOLocation
Location
« Atmospheric » data
2&3
Thermosphericmeasurements
2&3
Solar wind measurements
Solar data
2&3
X-UV Sun + solar UV flux
2&3
Ionosphericmeasurements
2&3
e- & p+, particulate detectors
LEO dataFor
1&2&31&2MF
Tracking sensors
Survey sensors
GEO DRS
2 SSO2 SSO
SS&SW synergy
Possible sub-
options
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Option 2 : Space-based architecture for high-altitude orbits
SSO L12 SSO/ GEO/L14 SSO
GTO dataFor
GTOGTOGTOLocation
MEO/GEO dataFor
MEO / GEOSSOSSOLocation
Location
« Atmospheric » data
2&3
Thermosphericmeasurements
2&3
Solar wind measurements
Solar data
2&3
X-UV Sun + solar UV flux
2&3
Ionosphericmeasurements
2&3
e- & p+, particulate detectors
LEO dataFor
1&2&31&2MF
Tracking sensors
Survey sensors
SSO L12 SSO/ GEO/L14 SSO
GTO dataFor
GTOGTOGTOLocation
MEO/GEO dataFor
MEO / GEOSSOSSOLocation
Location
« Atmospheric » data
2&3
Thermosphericmeasurements
2&3
Solar wind measurements
Solar data
2&3
X-UV Sun + solar UV flux
2&3
Ionosphericmeasurements
2&3
e- & p+, particulate detectors
LEO dataFor
1&2&31&2MF
Tracking sensors
Survey sensors
2 SSO2 SSO
2 SSO2 SSO L1
Ground-based Space-based No requirementSS&SW synergy
Possible sub-
options
GEO DRSGEO DRS 2 SSO SSO
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Option 3 : Mixed architecture
SSO L12 SSO/ GEO/L14 SSO
GTO dataFor
GTOGTOGTOLocation
MEO/GEO dataFor
MEO / GEOSSOSSOLocation
Location
« Atmospheric » data
2&3
Thermosphericmeasurements
2&3
Solar wind measurements
Solar data
2&3
X-UV Sun + solar UV flux
2&3
Ionosphericmeasurements
2&3
e- & p+, particulate detectors
LEO dataFor
1&2&31&2MF
Tracking sensors
Survey sensors
SSO L12 SSO/ GEO/L14 SSO
GTO dataFor
GTOGTOGTOLocation
MEO/GEO dataFor
MEO / GEOSSOSSOLocation
Location
« Atmospheric » data
2&3
Thermosphericmeasurements
2&3
Solar wind measurements
Solar data
2&3
X-UV Sun + solar UV flux
2&3
Ionosphericmeasurements
2&3
e- & p+, particulate detectors
LEO dataFor
1&2&31&2MF
Tracking sensors
Survey sensors
Ground-based Space-based No requirementSS&SW synergy
GEO DRSGEO DRS
2 SSO2 SSO
2 SSO2 SSO L1
2 SSO
Possible sub-
options
SSO
See next slides
Slide #13 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels)
Option 3 : GEO DRS as coupling assets between SS and SW
CyprusGEO&MEO tracking
MarquesasMEO survey
GEO&MEO tracking DR ground station
PerthGEO&MEO tracking
GEO DRSDR for SSO
E-&p+ detectors
GEO DRSDR for SSO
Solar X-ray imager / solar UV fluxE-&p+ detectors
SSO assetGTO/HEO survey
Limited GTO/HEO trackingE-&p+ detectors
Ionospheric TEC (via GPS)SSO assetGEO survey
Limited GEO trackingE-&p+ detctors
Ionospheric TEC (via GPS)L1 solar observatory
Solar wind density & speedSolar wind temperature
Solar wind magnetic fieldE-&p+ detectors
ReduData Relay
High latitude TT&C stationData reception for SSO asset
TenerifeMEO survey
GEO&MEO tracking
UHF radarLEO survey
Contributing Space weather assets E-&p+ detectors (PROBA-1, METOP,
JASON2, SAC-D, Galileo IOV-1,IOV-2, Alpha sat, XMM)
Solar imaging/UV (PROBA-2)Ionospheric density (PROBA-2, SWARM)
Ground-based Space-based SS&SW synergy
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Option 3 : GEO DRS and SSO platform as coupling assets between SS and SW
TenerifeMEO survey
GEO&MEO tracking
UHF radarLEO survey Cyprus
GEO&MEO tracking
MarquesasMEO survey
GEO&MEO tracking DR ground station
GEO DRSDR for SSO
E-&p+ detectors
SSO assetGTO/HEO survey
Limited GTO/HEO trackingSolar X-ray imager / solar UV flux
E-&p+ detectorsIonospheric TEC (via GPS)
SSO assetGEO survey
Limited GEO trackingSolar X-ray imager / solar UV flux
E-&p+ detctorsIonospheric TEC (via GPS)
L1 solar observatorySolar wind density & speed
Solar wind temperatureSolar wind magnetic field
E-&p+ detectors
High latitude TT&C stationData reception for SSO asset
GEO DRSDR for SSO
E-&p+ detectors
ReduData Relay
Contributing Space weather assets E-&p+ detectors (PROBA-1, METOP,
JASON2, SAC-D, Galileo IOV-1,IOV-2, Alpha sat, XMM)
Solar imaging/UV (PROBA-2)Ionospheric density (PROBA-2, SWARM)
PerthGEO&MEO tracking
Ground-based Space-based SS&SW synergy
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Conclusions
• SSA is a System of Systems dealing with :• Space surveillance• Space weather• NEOs
• Architecture of the SSA system may enhance the coupling between these domains,
• Considering that SSA system is an information system (with unified data structure, with unified data processing/domain, with unified data management)
• Considering space-based assets for carrying sensors for space surveillance and space weather domains (i.e. SSO platform)
• Considering that the SSA system may be also its own user (i.e thermosphere and ionosphere knowledge).
Slide #16 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels)