2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Soy Moratorium in the Amazon Biome was renewed for the fifth time in October 2011, continuing the commitment made by the industry and exporter members of ABIOVE (Brazilian Vegetable Oil Industries Association) and ANEC (National Grain Exporters Association) not to acquire soybeans originating from areas in the Amazon Biome deforested after July 2006.
For this fifth monitoring cycle, the Soy Task Force (GTS), whose members are representatives of ABIOVE’s and ANEC’s members, the Ministry of the Environment, Bank of Brazil and civil society organizations (Conservação Internacional, Greenpeace, IPAM–Institute of Environmental Research in the Amazon, TNC and WWF-Brasil), maintained the partnership with INPE (National Space Research Institute) to detect the presence of annual crops in deforested areas through interpretation of satellite images. To generate reliable information on the current participation of soybean in the Amazon Biome’s deforestation process, the data bases of FUNAI (National Native Indians Foundation), IBAMA (Brazilian Environmental & Renewable Natural Resources Institute), IBGE (Brazilian Geographic & Statistical Institute), IMAZON (Institute of the Amazon People & Environment) and INPE were used.
The company, Geoambiente Sensoriamento Remoto Ltda., was hired for the second consecutive year to make the aerial survey to identify soybean plantations in the areas with annual crops previously selected by INPE. To consolidate the aerial survey information, field visits were also made to all rural properties with the presence of soybean in recent deforested areas.
By using satellite images combined with aerial survey to monitor deforestations since the beginning of the Soy Moratorium in 2006, it was possible to identify the presence of soybeans on 18,410 hectares (71 square miles) of recent deforestations. During this same period (2006-2011), total deforestation in the Amazon Biome was 4.51 million hectares (17,413 square miles), of which 3.47 million hectares (13,398 square miles), or 77%, were located in the three soy producing states that were monitored under the Moratorium (Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia). In these states, the 58 monitored municipalities are responsible for 98% of the soybean planted in the Amazon Biome.
Soybean plantation in the Amazon Biome, on land that was deforested during the Soy Moratorium, corresponds to 0.41% of all deforestation, or 0.53% of the deforestation in the three soy-producing states, or even 3.04% of the deforestation in the soy-producing municipalities. In crop year 2011/12 Brazil planted 24.8 million hectares (95,753 square miles) of soybeans, with 2.1 million hectares (8,108 square miles) in the Amazon Biome.
This report describes the methodology and presents the results obtained in the fifth year of the Soy Moratorium’s monitoring cycle. The site www.abiove.com.br has the detailed information on the deforested polygons, including the satellite images, panoramic aerial photographs and field visits that make up this study.
3
The Soy Moratorium in the Amazon Biome, which represents 49% of the country’s territory and has over 20 million inhabitants, was signed on July 24, 2006 by the industry and exporter members of ABIOVE (Brazilian Vegetable Oil Industries Association) and ANEC (National Grain Exporters Association). The Moratorium was renewed for the fifth time in October 2011, with its commitment that the companies not acquire soybeans from areas of the Amazon Biome that were deforested after July 2006 (Lovatelli, 2011).
The deforested and monitored areas were obtained from the data base of PRODES¹ (Program for Calculating Deforestation in Brazil’s Legal Amazon). In the first two years, corresponding to crop years 2007/08 and 2008/09, monitoring was done on a sampling basis. In the first crop year (2007/08), no soybeans were found in areas deforested after the Soy Moratorium was signed and, in the second (2008/09), 1,384 hectares (5 square miles) were detected.
Starting in the Soy Moratorium’s third year, all deforested polygons were monitored in a first step through satellite images, followed by aerial survey and field visits to identify the rural properties with soy planted after the Moratorium. In the third crop year (2009/10), 6,295 hectares (24 square miles) were identified as having soybean and, in the fourth crop year (2010/2011), 11,698 hectares (45 square miles) had soybean (Rudorff et al., 2011 & 2012).
Certain improvements in methodology were adopted in the fourth year that took into consideration the crop calendar, with its differences between the northern region of Pará state and the states of Rondônia and Mato Grosso. Conservation Units, Indigenous Lands and Settlements were also monitored but aerial survey was performed only on private producing farms. The data bases of several institutions were used: FUNAI (National Native Indians Foundation), IBAMA (Brazilian Environmental & Renewable Natural Resources Institute), IBGE (Brazilian Geographic & Statistical Institute), IMAZON (Institute of the Amazon People & Environment), INCRA (National Colonization & Agrarian Reform Institute) and INPE (National Space Research Institute).
The scope of this study is to identify soybean plantations in crop year 2011/12 in areas of the Amazon Biome deforested after July 24, 2006, according to the criteria of the Soy Moratorium.
The study’s specific objectives are to use satellite images for the selection of areas with annual crops in the 2011/12 crop year, in all deforested areas indicated by INPE`s PRODES system after the Moratorium, and to confirm soybean crops in those selected areas through aerial survey with photographic recording followed by field visits.
The methodology of this study consists in defining the area of concentration of soybean plantations in the Amazon Biome and in using satellite images to preselect the PRODES deforested polygons that are likely to have annual crops. The preselected polygons are then subjected to aerial survey to confirm the presence of soybean. This methodology is detailed below.
3.1. Definition of the study area
Selection of deforested polygons for monitoring was based on the following criteria:
1. Located entirely or partially in the Amazon Biome;2. Located in the states of Mato Grosso (Amazon Biome region), Pará and Rondônia, that concentrate the production of soybean in the Amazon Biome;3. Located in municipalities, whose last or current year’s estimate indicated a soybean acreage of more than 5,000 hectares (19 square miles);4. Aggregated small deforested polygons (see Item 3.3) to form polygons greater than 25 hectares (61.8 acres), identified by PRODES in the years 2007-2011.
1- Available on www.obt.inpe.br/prodes/ (Shimabukuro et al., 1998).2- The PRODES annual evaluations are based on images acquired between August and July of the following year. PRODES 2007 used some images acquired after the start of the Soy Moratorium (July 24, 2006).
I INTRODUCTION
II SCOPE OF THE STUDY
III METHODOLOGY
4
3.2. Deforested polygons of the PRODES System
Since 1988, PRODES, the project developed and run by INPE that monitors and maps deforestation, has estimated the annual deforestation rate in the Legal Amazon. In 2002, the analogic mapping procedure was converted to a digital system. Images from the Landsat satellite, which are automatically classified in a first stage, are later edited to correct their classification through visual interpretation on the computer screen. The deforestation maps are included in a georeferenced data base and are available on the Internet (http://www.obt.inpe.br/prodes/). Table 1 shows the PRODES data for the states of Mato Grosso, Rondônia and Pará, related to the polygons in the Amazon Biome, deforested since the beginning of the Soy Moratorium.
All the polygons deforested in the 2007-2011 period, in the states of Mato Grosso, Rondônia and Pará, were selected from the PRODES data base. These polygons were intersected with the boundaries of the 58 municipalities with soybean plantations over 5,000 hectares (19 square miles) within the Amazon Biome’s boundaries. Only those polygons located within the limits of these municipalities, which represent 98% of soybean crop in the Amazon Biome, were selected.
Figure 1. Defined study area based on the following criteria: (1) Amazon Biome; (2) soybean producing states (Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia); (3) municipalities with soybean acreage over 5,000 hectares.
State
Mato Grosso**
Pará
Rondônia
Total
2007
237,142
552,600
161,100
950,842
2008
317,123
560,700
113,600
991,423
2009
68,438
428,100
48,200
544,738
Year of PRODES Mapping during the Soy Moratorium*
2010
65,757
377,000
43,500
486,257
2011
110,800
300,800
86,500
498,100
Total
799,260
2,219,200
452,900
3,471,360
Table 1. Total annual deforested area (hectares) in the states of Mato Grosso (Amazon Biome), Rondônia and Pará during the Soy Moratorium.
Figure 1 shows the 58 municipalities selected for monitoring in accordance with the criteria defined above and presents the boundaries of Conservation Units, Indigenous Lands and Settlements.
* The PRODES mapping year is from August to July** Deforested area in Mato Grosso, located within the Amazon BiomeSource: Adapted from INPE; available on http://www.obt.inpe.br/prodes/prodes_1988_2011.htm
5
3- Rudorff et al., 2007.4- Justice et al., 1998; Huete et al., 1999; Justice and Townshend, 2002.5- Rizzi et al., 2009
3.3. Aggregation of adjacent polygons
The GTS agreed to monitor deforested polygons greater than 25 hectares (61.8 acres) due to the moderate spatial resolution of the images (250x250 meters, or 820x820 ft.) from the MODIS sensor (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer) used to identify annual crops in these polygons. The smaller deforested areas, which gradually increase over the years, are aggregated and included in the monitoring cycle when the sum of annual and adjacent deforestation reaches 25 hectares. As an example, Figure 2 shows the aggregation of three polygons into one. Before aggregation, polygons 1 and 2 were smaller than 25 hectares but, after aggregation, passed the 25-hectare minimum and, consequently, were included in the monitoring cycle.
3,4
Figure 2. Example of aggregation of three adjacent PRODES polygons.
3.4. Identification of polygons with annual crops through satellite images
MODIS images are often used to classify soy crops and the results are sufficiently precise, especially in the state of Mato Grosso. Nevertheless, some classification errors, associated with other crops such as rice and corn, are common. The results of the Soy Moratorium in previous years show that over 90% of the deforested areas have no signs of annual crops. Consequently, less than 10% of the deforested polygons present annual crop and need to be aerial surveyed to ensure the correct identification of soybeans in these polygons. Thus, MODIS images have a fundamental role in the detection of annual crops, eliminating over 90% of deforested polygons which show no evidence of annual crops. According to the results of the TerraClass Project, over 90% of the deforestation mapped by PRODES between 1988 and 2007 have pastures or secondary regenerated forest, with only 4% having annual crops (www.inpe.br/cra/projetos_pesquisas/terraclass.php).
Identification of the presence of soybeans or other annual crops through satellite images needs to be made early in the growing season to allow enough time for the subsequent activities of aerial survey and field visit. Based on the soybean calendar for the states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia, MODIS sensor images from the Terra satellite acquired at two periods were used: June 9, 2011 to December 15, 2011, and June 9, 2011 to January 15, 2012. Because of the differences in the soybean crop calendar in the state of Pará, the images for this state were for the periods: June 9, 2011 to January 31, 2012, and December 1, 2011 to March 10, 2012. The method used to detect the presence of annual crops in the deforested polygons is based on the Crop Enhancement Index (CEI) that highlights the variation in the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) in two specific periods of the soybean growing season: (a) in the off-season, before the soybeans begin to grow, when the EVI values are relatively low (MinEVI, Figures 3 and 4), and (b) when the soybeans are well developed and show the highest EVI values (MaxEVI, Figure 3).
High CEI values indicate the presence of soybeans, or another annual crop with characteristics similar to soybeans in terms of sowing and maximum development periods, while forest regeneration, cerrado or pastures show low CEI values because of the low seasonal variation when compared to annual crops (Figure 3).
5
6
Figure 4a shows a MODIS/EVI image for the period in which annual crops present the lowest EVI values (MinEVI), while Figure 4b shows the period of maximum EVI values (MaxEVI). From the minimum and maximum EVI values comes the CEI image shown in Figure 4c. The higher and lower CEI values are associated with the presence and absence of annual crops, respectively. Figure 4c also includes a false color image from the period of maximum soybean development, with the soy crops shown in yellow.
After selecting the polygons through the MODIS/CEI images, classification was refined by a visual analysis of these polygons, using satellite images with better spatial resolution and partially free of cloud cover. These images were obtained from the Landsat-7 satellite (ETM+ sensor) and the Resourcesat-1 satellite (AWIFS and LISS3 sensors) and are available on INPE’s website at www.dgi.inpe.br/. The 2011/12 crop year was favorable in terms of getting cloud-free images, making it possible to refine well the polygon selection for the aerial survey, as well as accurately indicating the presence of soybeans in several polygons.
Figure 3. Example of the temporal variations in EVI values for: (a) early and late sown soybeans according to the crop calendar of Mato Grosso; (b) forest; (c) forest regeneration; and (d) Cerrado/Pastures. Also shown are the periods in which the minimum (MinEVI) and maximum (MaxEVI) EVI values are obtained to calculate the CEI.
Figure 4. Example of two deforested polygons, with and without an annual crop, identified through the CEI method: (a) MODIS image with minimum EVI values; (b) MODIS image with maximum EVI values; and (c) CEI image showing that high values indicate the presence of annual crop and low values indicate the absence, as illustrated by the composite colored image taken by the AWIFS sensor on board of the Resourcesat-1 satellite.
a)
b)
c)
January FebruaryJune July August September October November December
7
3.5. Aerial survey used to identify soybean plantation
The polygons identified by satellite images as having signs of annual crops were subjected to aerial survey, using an airplane equipped with GPS, on-board computer and camera for taking panoramic photographs. The photographs of the polygons were used to identify the total or partial occurrence of soybeans and also of other land uses.
Each selected polygon was identified with:
1. Identification number (ID), with the municipality2. Name of the owner and the property (confidential use only), obtained through field visits to the properties and confirmed with the competent entities3. Land use, according to classification4. Deforested area, in hectares5. Area planted with soybeans, in hectares6. Central geographic coordinates (X and Y)7. Satellite images and aerial photographs
Between December 27, 2011 and May 23, 2012, 146 hours were spent flying over 31 municipalities in the states of Mato Grosso, Rondônia and Pará. Apart from the adverse climatic conditions common at this time of year, this stage of the project is complicated by the lack of infrastructure (aerodromes and highways), communication problems in some municipalities and difficulties in obtaining information during the field trips.
IV RESULTS
4.1. Selection of PRODES polygons
Based on the methodology defined for selecting the study area to be monitored, 20,314 polygons have been deforested since the start of the Soy Moratorium, corresponding to a total area of 605,560 hectares (2,338 square miles) (Table 2). These polygons are located in 58 municipalities in the Amazon Biome: 46 in Mato Grosso state, 6 in Pará state and 6 in Rondônia state. With the aggregation of adjacent deforested polygons between 2007 and 2011, the number of polygons was reduced to 14,566, as shown in Table 2.
Table 2 shows that aggregation reduced the number of polygons in the smaller categories (≤25 hectares, or 61.8 acres, and 25-50 hectares, or 61.8-123.6 acres) and increased the number of polygons in the larger categories (50-100 hectares, or 123.6-247.2 acres, and >100 hectares, or 247.2 acres). Before aggregation, polygons with less than 25 hectares represented 77% of the total, while those with over 100 hectares represented 4% (Figure 5a). After aggregation, the smaller polygons represent 70% and the larger 7% of the total (Figure 5b).
As can be seen, the total area also suffered a residual variation from the aggregation that impacted the representativity of these categories. Polygons with less than 25 hectares decreased their representativity from 32% (Figure 5c) to 20% (Figure 5d) of the total deforested area. On the other hand, polygons with over 100 hectares increased their representativity from 40% (Figure 5c) to 55% (Figure 5d) of the total deforested area. In addition, the total area of polygons with over 25 hectares increased from 321,079 hectares (1,240 square miles) before aggregation to 484,010 hectares (1,869 square miles) after aggregation.
Categories
(ha)
25
25 a 50
50 a 100
>100
Total
n
15,654
2,600
1,167
893
20,314
ha
192,939
89,333
80,259
243,255
605,786
n
10,192
2,132
1,149
1,093
14,566
ha
121,550
73,923
80,238
329,849
605,560
PRODES PRODES - Aggregated
<_
Table 2. Number of polygons (n) and area in hectares (ha), with and without aggregation of polygons.
8
Figure 5. Percentage variation in the number and area of polygons, by category of size, before and after aggregation.
Based on the selection criteria for aggregated polygons over 25 hectares (61.8 acres), 4,374 polygons were selected: 2,132 polygons in the 25-50 hectares category, 1,149 polygons in the 50-100 hectares category and 1,093 polygons in the over 100 hectares category (Table 3). These 4,374 polygons correspond to an area of 484,010 hectares (1,869 square miles), or 80% of the area of all deforested polygons indicated by PRODES during the Moratorium (Table 3).
Table 3 shows the number of deforested polygons by category of area monitored in the three states. Most polygons in the Amazon Biome, within the soy-producing municipalities (over 5,000 hectares, or 19 square miles), are in Mato Grosso state: 2,925 polygons representing 67% of the total. Based on the same criteria, Pará state has 29% of the polygons (1,211) and Rondônia has 5% (175).
Category
(ha)
25 a 50
50 a 100
>100
Total
n
1,340
767
818
2,925
(ha)
46,973
53,490
252,909
353,372
n
685
339
251
1,275
(ha)
23,534
23,701
69,927
117,162
Mato Grosso Pará
n
107
43
24
174
(ha)
3,418
3,046
7,012
13,476
n
2,132
1,149
1,093
4,374
(ha)
73,925
80,237
329,848
484,010
Rondônia Subtotal
Table 3. Number (n) and area (ha) of polygons, by category of area monitored in the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia.
4.2. Selection of polygons with annual crops using satellite images
Through an evaluation of the 4,374 deforested polygons monitored by the MODIS sensor satellite images, followed by a visual interpretation using medium spatial resolution images, 265 polygons were selected as having signs of annual crops. These polygons are located outside Settlements, Indigenous Lands and Conservation Units. An additional analysis verified the occurrence of 134 polygons with the presence of annual crops in Settlements (Table 4). It should be noted that no deforested polygon, with annual crop characteristics, was found within Indigenous Lands or Conservation Units.
Number before aggregation Area before aggregation
Number after aggregation Area after aggregation
< 25 ha25 to 50 ha50 to 100 ha> 100 ha
_
9
Table 4. Number of polygons selected for aerial survey.
Category
(ha)
25 a 50
50 a 100
>100
Total
n
40
20
71
131
(ha)
1,118
1,158
12,282
14,558
n
8
7
16
31
(ha)
227
321
2,317
2,865
Mato Grosso Pará
n
-
-
2
2
(ha)
-
-
987
987
n
48
27
89
164
(ha)
1,345
1,479
15,586
18,410
Rondônia Total
Table 5. Number (n) and area (ha) of polygons with soybeans, by category of polygon, in the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia.
In this fifth monitoring cycle, soybeans were confirmed in 62% of the polygons selected through satellite images, indicating that the procedure for classifying areas with annual crops by means of satellite images is still conservative. But there has been significant improvement in this procedure as compared to the previous year, when 293 polygons were aerial surveyed, of which 146 polygons (50%) in fact had soybeans. It should be noted that 94% of the polygons monitored by satellite images, and located outside Settlements, Indigenous Lands and Conservation Units, were classified as not having annual crops.
Taking into consideration that the number of polygons is cumulative, with a tendency to increase each year, it is important to have a comprehensive and efficient method for selecting polygons. For example, in 2007, the deforested area in the soy-producing states (Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia) was 950,842 hectares (3,671 square miles) (Table 1). With the passage of years, this area in the same states of the Amazon Biome, accumulated through 2011, increased to 3,471,360 hectares (13,403 square miles), i.e., the area to be monitored increased by a factor of 3.6 (Table 1).
Polygons
Not Selected
Selected (outside Settlements, Indigenous Lands and Conservation Units)
Identified on the edge of Settlements
Total
MT
2,595
205
125
2,925
PA
1,214
56
5
1,275
RO
166
4
4
174
StatesTotal
3,975
265
134
4,374
Of the total 4,374 deforested and monitored polygons, 3,975 (91%) had no sign of the presence of annual crops. Of the remainder, 134 polygons (3%) with annual crops were in Settlements (Table 4).
4.3. Identification of soybean through aerial survey
Based on the aerial survey done by Geoambiente of the 265 selected polygons, 164 polygons were found to have soybeans, corresponding to an area of 18,410 hectares (71 square miles) (Table 5). This shows that conversion of forest to soybeans, during the Soy Moratorium, corresponds to 0.41% of all the deforestation in the Amazon Biome, or 0.53% of the deforestation in the three monitored states within this Biome, or even 3.04% of the deforestation in the soy-producing municipalities.
In Mato Grosso state, 131 polygons were identified as not meeting the terms of the Soy Moratorium. These polygons represent an area of 14,558 hectares (56 square miles) planted with soybeans (Table 5), corresponding to 79.1% of the soybeans detected in this monitoring cycle and 1.8% of the total deforested area in Mato Grosso during the Moratorium (799,260 hectares, or 3,086 square miles) (Table 1).
In the state of Pará, 31 polygons were identified as having 2,865 hectares (11 square miles) planted with soybeans (Table 5), corresponding to 15.6% of the soybeans detected in this monitoring cycle but only 0.13% of the deforested area in Pará during the Soy Moratorium (2,219,200 hectares, or 8,568 square miles) (Table 1).
Two polygons were identified in Rondônia state with an area of 987 hectares (3.8 square miles) planted with soybeans (Table 5) for a total deforested area of 452,900 hectares (1,749 square miles) (Table 1).
It should be pointed out that, of the 265 polygons selected for aerial survey, 118 were in the >100 hectares (247.2 acres) category and 89 of these polygons had soybeans. The area represented by these polygons is 15,586 hectares (60 square miles) (Table 5), corresponding to 84.7% of the total deforested area planted with soybeans.
There is a complete list of the monitored polygons in the Appendices (Item VIII).
4.4. Comparison among crop years during the Soy Moratorium
Figure 6 shows that, in the first crop year (2006/07), approximately 15,800 hectares (61 square miles) in 265 polygons were monitored, of which 195 had an area greater than 100 hectares (247.2 acres) and 70 were part of a small sample of polygons with less than 100 hectares. No polygon subjected to aerial survey in this first year was identified as having soybeans. In the second crop year (2007/08), the monitored area was 50,000 hectares (193 square miles) in 560 polygons with over 100 hectares, of which ten polygons on 1,025 hectares (4 square miles) in Mato Grosso state had soybeans and two polygons in Pará state with an area of 360 hectares (1 square mile) had soybeans. In the sample of 70 polygons with less than 100 hectares, no polygon was identified as having soybeans.
Starting in the third year of the Soy Moratorium (crop year 2009/10), all 2,955 deforested polygons (≥25 hectares, or 61.8 acres, after aggregation) in municipalities with over 5,000 hectares (19 square miles) of soybean were evaluated, allowing a thorough monitoring of the area. In this crop year, 693 deforested polygons with over 100 hectares were monitored, with aerial survey on 61 polygons preselected from satellite images (Figure 6). In the 2010/11 crop year, 3,571 polygons (≥25 hectares) were monitored, of which 858 polygons had over 100 hectares, but only 113 were preselected using satellite images and, consequently, aerial surveyed (Figure 6).
Finally, in the 2011/12 crop year, 4,374 polygons (≥25 hectares) were monitored, of which 1,093 had over 100 hectares. Aerial survey was performed on 122 polygons over 100 hectares that had annual crops (Figure 6). Thus, despite the large increase in the total number of polygons monitored in each crop year, the number of polygons with annual crops selected for aerial survey has decreased from crop year 2010/11 to 2011/12 as a result of the preselection process using satellite images.
When comparing the first two crop years with the last three crop years for the category with over 100 hectares (247.2 acres), there was an increase in the number of polygons that were aerial surveyed (Figure 6). In the first two years all deforested polygons over 100 hectares were aerial surveyed; while in the last three years only the deforested polygons identified with annual crops were aerial surveyed.
In the first two years, aerial surveys were made only for a sample of 70 polygons with deforested area less than 100 hectares within a very restricted region, in three municipalities: 28 polygons in Feliz Natal, 26 in União do Sul and 16 in Vera. For deforested polygons with an area between 25 hectares (61.8 acres) and 100 hectares, 2,262 polygons were monitored in the 2009/10 crop year, of which 133 were selected for aerial surveys as the satellite images showed signs of annual crops. In the following crop year (2010/11), for the same size polygon, 180 of the total 2,713 polygons were aerial surveyed and, finally, in the 2011/12 crop year, 143 of the total 3,281 polygons were aerial surveyed.
When comparing the data for this fifth year of the Soy Moratorium (2011/12 crop year) with those of the previous year, the number of monitored polygons increased 22%, from 3,571 to 4,374 polygons (Table 6). The area monitored in the same period
10
Figure 6. Number of polygons with aerial survey, without aerial survey and monitored deforested area (in 1,000 hectares), for the last five crop years.
increased 29%, from 375,500 hectares (1,450 square miles) to 484,010 hectares (1,869 square miles) (Table 6). This increase in monitored area is similar to the increases in the two previous years (Table 6, Figure 6). This is a consequence of both new deforestation and of deforestation in prior years that has been aggregated. Since the third year of the Soy Moratorium (crop year 2009/10), when all deforested polygons ≥25 hectares began to be monitored, the number of polygons increased from 2,955 to 4,374 and the area monitored increased from 302,149 hectares (1,167 square miles) to 484,010 hectares (Table 6).
4,500
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
,
,
, ,
,
,
11
A comparison of the 2011/12 crop year with the previous crop year shows that the number of polygons with aerial survey was 10% lower, despite the fact that the total number of PRODES polygons had increased 22% (Table 6). Nevertheless, the number of polygons with soybeans increased 12%, while soybean acreage increased 57% during the same period. An important factor associated with this increase is the longer time elapsed since the start of the Soy Moratorium as, in the first years after deforestation, rice crops commonly precede soybeans, which are usually planted from the third year on .
Comparing the results for the current year’s number of polygons and soybean acreage with those of the previous crop year, there has been a large increase in polygons with over 100 hectares (247.2 acres), mostly in the states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia (Table 7). In Mato Grosso, there was an increase of 31 polygons in this category, an increase of 73%. In the same way, soybean acreage in these polygons increased from 5,896 hectares (23 square miles) to 12,282 hectares (47 square miles), an increase of 6,386 hectares (25 square miles), more than doubling the area with soy production in this category. Looking at the same data for the state of Pará, there has been a fall of 31% in soybean acreage, going from 4,147 hectares (16 square miles) in 2010/11 to 2,865 hectares (11 square miles) in 2011/12. Based on these results, 95% of the increase in soybean acreage was due to polygons with over 100 hectares in Mato Grosso state. In addition, soy grown in polygons with over 100 hectares corresponds to 85% of this crop that does not meet the terms of the Soy Moratorium (15,586 hectares, or 60 square miles) (Table 6).
6
6- Sorrensen, 2004; Morton et al., 2006.
Table 6. Comparison of crop years 3-5 of the Soy Moratorium: total deforested area (hectares); number of polygons analyzed; area with soybeans in the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia in the Amazon Biome.
Monitoring Cycle
Total deforested area in hectares, with ≥25 hectaresVariation related to the previous crop year
Number of polygons monitored by satellite imagesVariation related to the previous crop year
Number of polygons with aerial surveysVariation related to the previous crop year
Number of polygons with soybeansVariation related to the previous crop year
Soybean acreage (hectares), category >100 hectaresVariation related to the previous crop year
Soybean acreage (hectares)Variation related to the previous crop year
3º Year 4º Year 5º Year
Table 7. Comparison of the number of polygons with soybeans and soybean acreage (hectares) by category of polygons, in the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia, in crop years 2010/11 and 2011/12.
Total
105131403112
8,38514,5584,1472,865
29987
>100 ha
4271131602
5,89612,2823,2842,317
0987
50 - 100 ha
232010700
1,3401,15844532100
25 - 50 ha
404017810
1,1491,118418227290
Crop Year
2010/112011/122010/112011/122010/112011/122010/112011/122010/112011/122010/112011/12
State
MT
PA
RO
MT
PA
RO
Number of Polygons
Area (hectares)
302,149
2.955
194
76
4,899
6,295
375,500+24%
3,571+20%
293+51%
146+92%
8,346+70%
11,698+85%
484,010+29%
4,374+22%
265-10%
164+12%
15,586+87%
18,410+57%
12
4.5. Likely causes for the increase of soy plantations in deforested polygons
Compared to last year’s figures, there has been an increase this year of about 12% in the number of polygons planted with soybeans, from 146 polygons to 164 polygons, while the planted area has increased from 11,698 hectares (45 square miles) to 18,410 hectares (71 square miles), an increase in the order of 57% (Table 6). This increase can be attributed to the following factors:
a) Increase in the monitored area, from 375,500 hectares (1,450 square miles) in 2010/11 to 484,010 hectares (1,869 square miles) in 2011/12;b) Favorable market scenario;c) More time elapsed since deforestation, as it is the usual practice to grow rice for a year or two before planting soybeans in recently deforested areas.
Item (c) above is represented by the result of the intersection between the area identified with soybeans and the PRODES date for the deforestation, shown in Figure 7. As can be seen, 39% (7,166 hectares, or 28 square miles) of the area with soy production was mapped by PRODES as having been deforested in 2007, while 2% (395 hectares, or 1.5 square miles) was in areas deforested in 2011. Of the 18,410 hectares (71 square miles) of soybeans planted in this year, 83% (15,320 hectares, or 59 square miles) have been planted on deforestations with three years or more: 7,166 hectares (28 square miles) deforested in 2007; 5,145 hectares (20 square miles) in 2008; and 3,009 hectares (12 square miles) in 2009, as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7. Area planted with soybeans by year of deforestation.
4.6. Relevance of soy plantings in recent Amazon Biome deforestation
The Brazilian soybean production of crop year 2011/12, despite adverse climatic conditions, was 66.4 million tons. Soy acreage increased about 3.5%, but soy yield was 14.9% lower than the previous crop year. The effects of the drought were felt mostly by producers in the South-Central region of Brazil, while the states monitored under the terms of the Soy Moratorium had smaller yield losses than other states (CONAB, 2012).
The results obtained in this fifth monitoring cycle show that, during the Soy Moratorium, soy planting occurred in only 0.41% of the total deforested area. This is 0.07% of the total area planted with soybeans in Brazil for the crop year 2011/12. In view of the results presented, there are strong indications that the Soy Moratorium has inhibited the advance of deforestation for the purpose of planting soybeans in the Amazon Biome during the past five years.
In the 2011/12 crop year, soybeans planted in deforested polygons during the Soy Moratorium represent 0.87% of the total soybean acreage in the Amazon Biome (Table 8). In the state of Mato Grosso, responsible for 88% of the Amazon Biome’s soybean acreage, soybeans planted in deforested polygons during the Soy Moratorium represent 0.78% of the total soybean acreage in the Amazon Biome (Table 8). Mato Grosso state is responsible for 79% of the soybean acreage that does not comply with the terms of the Soy Moratorium.
Year
of D
efor
esta
tion
Soy Acreage (hectares)
2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000
7,166
5,145
3,009
2,695
395
13
State
Mato Grosso
Pará
Rondônia
Total
Polygons of the Moratorium Estimated Total % of the Total
0.78%
2.45%
0.68%
0.87%
Soybean acreage in the Amazon Biome (ha)
Table 8. Comparison of soybean acreage in the Soy Moratorium polygons and the estimated total soybean acreage within the Amazon Biome, in the selected municipalities (>5,000 hectares), by state.
Figure 8 shows a graph of the Amazon Biome’s deforested area, the deforested area in the monitored municipalities and the soybean acreage during the Soy Moratorium. This Figure shows that the monitored municipalities were responsible for 13.4% of the deforestation in the Amazon Biome, with 3.04% of this area converted to soybeans in the 2011/12 crop year.
Figure 8. Comparison of the deforested area accumulated after 2007 and the soybean acreage in the context of the Soy Moratorium.
14,558
2,865
987
18,410
1,851,859
116,600
143,300
2,111,759
Are
a (in
1,0
00 h
ecta
res)
PRODES deforestation in the Amazon Biome, accumulated after 2007PRODES deforestation in monitored municipalities of the Amazon Biome, accumulated after 2007Soybean acreage in the monitored polygons
4,5153,896
3,196
2,438
1,151
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0.00 1.39 6.30 11.70 18.41
14
With the satellite images and the panoramic aerial photographs recorded during the aerial survey, it was possible to map 18,410 hectares (71 square miles) of soybean planted in the 2011/12 crop year, in deforested areas after the Soy Moratorium was signed on July 24, 2006. The state of Mato Grosso had the biggest participation in soy plantings (14,558 hectares, or 56 square miles), followed by Pará state (2,865 hectares, or 11 square miles) and Rondônia state (987 hectares, or 3.8 square miles). Compared with the previous year, soybean acreage in Mato Grosso state increased from 8,385 hectares (32 square miles) to 14,558 hectares (56 square miles), an increase of 74%, while in the state of Pará soy acreage fell from 4,147 hectares (16 square miles) to 2,865 hectares (11 square miles), a reduction of 31%.
The 18,410 hectares that are not in agreement with the Soy Moratorium correspond to 0.53% of the deforestation in the states of Mato Grosso (Amazon Biome), Pará and Rondônia. Total deforestation within that area, in the five-year period 2007-2011, was 3.47 million (13,398 square miles). Based on the Soy Moratorium study, we can conclude that soybeans are not playing an important role in the deforestation of the Amazon as they represent only 3.04% of the deforestation in the soy-producing municipalities and 0.41% of the deforested area in the Amazon Biome as a whole.
The area deforested during the five-year period 2007-2011, in the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia, is significant. However, in this period, we have also seen the lowest deforestation rates in the Legal Amazon in an historic series of 24 years (INPE, 2012).
The use of satellite images to monitor deforested areas, with a view to identifying agricultural crops, makes it possible to evaluate practically all the area of influence for soybean crops in the Amazon Biome. We can therefore conclude that the monitoring done under the terms of the Soy Moratorium ensures high reliability in the identification and the mapping of soybean plantings in deforested areas.
In synthesis, the process of carefully analyzing satellite images, followed by aerial surveys with photographic records and identification during field visits to the rural property, makes it possible for the industries and exporters who participate in the Soy Moratorium to comply with their commitment not to acquire soybeans from deforested areas of the Amazon Biome.
Bernardo Rudorff Technical Coordinator
INPE
Carlo Lovatelli PresidentABIOVE
Izabel Cecarelli Director
GEOAMBIENTE
V CONCLUSIONS
15
VI BIBLIOGRAPHY
- CONAB - Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento. Acompanhamento de safra brasileira de grãos – 9º levantamento. Brasilia, 2012. pg. 34.
- Huete, A., C. Justice and W. Van Leeuwen. MODIS Vegetation Index (MOD 13): Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (version 3): National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2006: 129 p. 1999.
- INPE - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais. MONITORAMENTO DA FLORESTA AMAZÔNICA BRASILEIRA POR SATÉLITE - Estimativas Anuais de desflorestamento desde 1988 até 2011. Available at: http://www.obt.inpe.br/prodes/prodes_1988_2011.htm, (accessed on 10 June 2012).
- Justice, C. and J. Townshend. Special issue on the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS): a new generation of land surface monitoring. Remote Sensing of Environment, v.83, n.1-2, p.1-2, 2002.
- Justice, C. O., E. Vermote, J. R. G. Townshend, R. Defries, D. P. Roy, D. K. Hall, V. V. Salomonson, J. L. Privette, G. Riggs, A. Strahler, W. Lucht, R. B. Myneni, Y. Knyazikhin, S. W. Running, R. R. Nemani, W. Zhengming, A. R. Huete, W. Van Leeuwen, R. E. Wolfe, L. Giglio, J. Muller, P. Lewis and M. J. Barnsley. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS): land remote sensing for global change research. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on, v.36, n.4, p.1228-1249, 1998.
- Lovatelli, C. Cinco anos da Moratória da Soja e sustentabilidade do Bioma Amazônia. Política Externa, 20, p.125-137, 2011.
- Morton, D. C., R. S. Defries, Y. E. Shimabukuro, L. O. Anderson, E. Arai, F. D. Espirito-Santo, R. Freitas and J. Morisette. Cropland expansion changes deforestation dynamics in the southern Brazilian Amazon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v.103, n.39, p.14637-14641, 2006.
- Rudorff, B.F.T.; Shimabukuro, Y.E.; Ceballos, J.C. (Coord.). Sensor MODIS e suas Aplicações Ambientais no Brasil. 1.ed. São José dos Campos: Editora Parêntese, 2007. 425 p.
- Rudorff, B.F.T., Adami, M., Aguiar, D.A., Moreira, M.A., Mello, M.P., Fabiani, L., Amaral, D.F., Pires, B.M. The Soy Moratorium in the Amazon Biome Monitored by Remote Sensing Images. Remote Sensing, v.3, p.185-202, 2011.
- Rudorff, B.F.T.; Adami, M.; Risso, J.; de Aguiar, D.A.; Pires, B.; Amaral, D.; Fabiani, L.; Cecarelli, I. Remote Sensing Images to Detect Soy Plantations in the Amazon Biome - The Soy Moratorium Initiative. Sustainability, v.4, p.1074-1088, 2012.
- Rizzi, R., Risso, J., Epiphanio, R.D.V., Rudorff, B.F.T., Formaggio, A.R., Shimabukuro, Y.E., Fernandes, S.L. Estimativa da área de soja no Mato Grosso por meio de imagens MODIS. XIV Simpósio Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Remoto. Anais... INPE, Natal, pp. 387-394, 2009.
- Shimabukuro, Y. E., G. T. Batista, E. M. K. Mello, J. C. Moreira and V. Duarte. Using shade fraction image segmentation to evaluate deforestation in Landsat Thematic Mapper images of the Amazon Region. International Journal of Remote Sensing, v.19, n.3, p.535 – 541, 1998.
- Sorrensen, C. Contributions of fire use study to land use/cover change frameworks: Understanding landscape change in agricultural frontiers. Human Ecology, v.32, n.4, p.395-420, 2004.
VII TECHNICAL TEAM
7.1. INPE- Technical Coordinator: Bernardo Rudorff - Analysts: Marcos Adami e Joel Risso - Staff: Fernando Yuzo Sato, Moisés Pereira Galvão Salgado and Magog Araújo de Carvalho
7.2. GEOAMBIENTE- General Coordinator: Izabel Cecarelli- Technical Coordinator: Leandro Fabiani
7.3. ABIOVE- General Coordinator: Fábio Trigueirinho- Technical Coordinator: Bernardo Machado Pires - Technical Team: Alice Hernandes Motta, Daniel Furlan Amaral and Gabriel Levy
16
For additional information on the Soy Moratorium consult the site: www.abiove.com.br
ID Area of Polygon (ha) State Municipality Land Use
1476
1181
1199
97.56
36.32
154.84
MT
MT
MT
Bom Jesus do Araguaia
Canarana
Canarana
Rice/Deforestation
Regeneration
Soy
Land Use:SoyArea of Polygon:154.84 haSoy area: 154.84 haAerial survey date:2012, January
17
ID Area of Polygon (ha) State Municipality Land Use
1476
1181
1199
1216
342
349
1820
2101
2369
2436
2537
2587
2606
2625
2769
1135
1434
68
96
286
4493
1322
1348
1371
1374
1388
1389
1426
1439
1471
1473
1483
1485
1493
1510
1519
1567
1585
1615
1641
97.56
36.32
154.84
38.81
106.86
94.02
123.68
178.34
580.32
337.89
41.73
89.27
85.58
82.66
35.28
83.88
37.01
268.93
29.03
201.64
26.08
578.96
226.58
175.00
424.03
968.62
536.99
197.16
348.78
73.43
193.30
29.90
46.65
41.40
220.71
185.45
53.08
262.24
297.96
53.77
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
Bom Jesus do Araguaia
Canarana
Canarana
Canarana
Cláudia
Cláudia
Cláudia
Cláudia
Cláudia
Cláudia
Cláudia
Cláudia
Cláudia
Cláudia
Cláudia
Comodoro
Comodoro
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Rice/Deforestation
Regeneration
Soy
Soy
Rice
Rice/Regeneration/Deforestation
Soy
Deforestation/Rice/Soy
Deforestation
Deforestation/Soy/Rice
Soy/Rice/Deforestation
Pastures/Soy
Soy/Regeneration
Rice
Soy
Soy
Soy
Deforestation/Soy/Regeneration
Soy
Soy/Deforestation
Regeneration/Soy
Deforestation/Soy/Pastures
Deforestation/Pastures
Regeneration
Deforestation/Regeneration
Rice/Deforestation
Deforestation/Pastures/Soy
Regeneration/Soy
Regeneration/Soy
Pastures/Reforestation
Deforestation/Soy
Soy
Pastures/Regeneration
Regeneration/Soy
Deforestation
Rice/Soy/Deforestation
Deforestation/Regeneration
Deforestation
Soy
Rice/Soy/Deforestation
VIII APPENDICES
8.1. Polygons aerial suveyed in the state of Mato Grosso (MT)
18
ID Area of Polygon (ha) State Municipality Land Use
1665
1677
1679
1684
1693
1726
1755
1762
1794
1850
1883
1901
2038
2059
2080
2122
23
34
36
37
1023
1024
775
792
812
824
4494
900
931
955
963
968
971
978
981
992
1189
1612
2227
2247
2356
620.74
165.35
30.33
29.57
539.30
54.06
42.84
543.09
173.30
1,100.87
105.46
159.03
26.88
45.66
58.57
412.77
265.60
29.62
93.14
440.93
29.46
255.46
58.51
481.97
29.94
87.55
74.07
330.06
34.70
28.27
82.75
138.57
46.08
26.98
127.02
69.10
1,004.44
492.93
169.00
93.36
1,305.78
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Feliz Natal
Gaúcha do Norte
Gaúcha do Norte
Gaúcha do Norte
Gaúcha do Norte
Gaúcha do Norte
Gaúcha do Norte
Gaúcha do Norte
Gaúcha do Norte
Gaúcha do Norte
Gaúcha do Norte
Gaúcha do Norte
Gaúcha do Norte
Gaúcha do Norte
Gaúcha do Norte
Gaúcha do Norte
Gaúcha do Norte
Gaúcha do Norte
Gaúcha do Norte
Gaúcha do Norte
Gaúcha do Norte
Gaúcha do Norte
Ipiranga do Norte
Ipiranga do Norte
Ipiranga do Norte
Ipiranga do Norte
Rice/Soy/Deforestation
Soy
Soy
Deforestation/Pastures
Deforestation/Soy/Rice
Rice/Soy/Regeneration
Soy
Deforestation/Rice/Soy
Rice/Soy
Deforestation/Soy/Regeneration
Soy
Soy
Soy
Soy/Deforestation
Soy/Regeneration
Soy/Pastures
Deforestation/Soy
Regeneration
Soy/Regeneration
Deforestation/Rice/Soy
Reforestation
Soy
Corn
Soy/Rice
Soy/Pastures
Soy
Deforestation
Deforestation/Soy
Pastures
Soy/Regeneration/Rice
Soy
Soy
Soy/Reforestation
Soy
Regeneration/Soy
Deforestation/Soy/Regeneration
Rice/Soy/Deforestation
Deforestation/Soy
Deforestation/Rice
Deforestation
Deforestation/Soy
19
ID Area of Polygon (ha) State Municipality Land Use
2829
304
1689
1811
1854
2016
2125
273
1001
1004
2900
3329
3333
3117
989
1206
1222
1840
1851
2112
2121
878
882
911
48
57
70
901
953
1003
1062
1088
1118
1241
1276
1291
1339
1351
1480
1550
778
30.92
95.06
2,482.34
186.20
37.96
48.45
113.55
70.67
30.71
126.88
30.85
25.55
26.44
93.60
126.81
28.46
112.63
423.86
132.76
105.43
41.85
40.82
44.38
27.83
222.37
45.23
1,456.57
123.86
635.26
34.13
201.28
64.06
204.37
283.87
231.41
142.31
1,104.70
26.53
53.87
714.52
37.59
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
Itaúba
Itanhangá
Itanhangá
Itanhangá
Itanhangá
Itanhangá
Itanhangá
Lucas do Rio Verde
Lucas do Rio Verde
Lucas do Rio Verde
Marcelândia
Matupá
Matupá
Nova Canaã do Norte
Nova Maringá
Nova Maringá
Nova Maringá
Nova Maringá
Nova Maringá
Nova Maringá
Nova Maringá
Nova Mutum
Nova Mutum
Nova Mutum
Nova Ubiratã
Nova Ubiratã
Nova Ubiratã
Nova Ubiratã
Nova Ubiratã
Nova Ubiratã
Nova Ubiratã
Nova Ubiratã
Nova Ubiratã
Nova Ubiratã
Nova Ubiratã
Nova Ubiratã
Nova Ubiratã
Nova Ubiratã
Nova Ubiratã
Nova Ubiratã
Paranatinga
Pastures/Soy
Soy
Deforestation/Pastures
Rice
Soy
Corn
Deforestation/Soy
Deforestation/Soy/Pastures
Soy/Pastures/Regeneration
Deforestation
Pastures
Soy
Deforestation/Soy
Deforestation
Soy
Soy
Deforestation/Soy/Corn
Deforestation/Soy
Soy
Soy
Soy
Deforestation/Soy
Pastures
Soy
Rice/Soy
Soy/Regeneration
Rice/Soy/Deforestation
Soy
Soy/Deforestation
Soy
Rice/Regeneration/Soy
Pastures/Deforestation
Pastures
Deforestation/Soy
Soy
Soy
Deforestation/Soy
Soy
Soy
Soy/Deforestation
Soy/Deforestation
20
ID Area of Polygon (ha) State Municipality Land Use
790
821
967
970
1097
332
2157
95
1065
1110
271
1201
1224
1262
1282
1302
1634
1812
318
1649
1650
1653
1690
1744
2126
2139
2155
2156
2165
2214
2215
2228
2230
2240
2249
2276
2285
2333
2354
323
1885
28.22
34.93
248.54
334.98
1,173.32
122.17
99.16
40.68
35.65
861.12
271.15
76.10
39.13
243.68
79.90
119.18
127.94
315.42
55.47
325.76
578.81
254.36
439.08
29.00
71.50
33.36
41.82
57.02
175.73
46.99
67.95
354.73
51.67
758.29
170.84
32.97
31.01
208.30
336.24
26.81
1,260.04
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
Paranatinga
Paranatinga
Paranatinga
Paranatinga
Paranatinga
Porto dos Gaúchos
Porto dos Gaúchos
Querência
Querência
Querência
Querência
Querência
Querência
Querência
Querência
Querência
Querência
Querência
Santa Carmem
Santa Carmem
Santa Carmem
Santa Carmem
Santa Carmem
Santa Carmem
Santa Carmem
Santa Carmem
Santa Carmem
Santa Carmem
Santa Carmem
Santa Carmem
Santa Carmem
Santa Carmem
Santa Carmem
Santa Carmem
Santa Carmem
Santa Carmem
Santa Carmem
Santa Carmem
Santa Carmem
Sinop
Sinop
Pastures
Regeneration
Rice/Soy
Deforestation/Rice
Deforestation/Rice
Soy/Regeneration
Soy
Soy
Deforestation
Corn/Pastures/Soy
Rice/Corn
Deforestation/Pastures
Pastures
Soy/Deforestation
Soy
Soy
Deforestation
Soy
Soy
Deforestation/Regeneration
Regeneration/Soy
Soy/Deforestation/Regeneration
Soy
Soy/Deforestation
Deforestation/Pastures/Soy
Soy
Soy
Soy
Soy/Rice/Deforestation
Soy/Regeneration
Rice/Soy
Soy
Soy/Pastures
Soy
Rice
Rice
Pastures
Rice
Deforestation/Rice
Corn/Soy
Deforestation/Soy
21
ID Area of Polygon (ha) State Municipality Land Use
2368
2375
2425
2454
2458
2461
2473
2519
2535
2747
2770
1049
2206
338
352
2550
2695
1887
1274
1283
1361
1393
1525
1572
1773
294
2288
2305
2323
2376
2434
2467
2475
1328
1342
1581
1732
1752
1897
2063
584
586
40.03
129.41
26.48
133.60
123.43
52.86
58.36
25.84
736.61
605.65
457.27
50.53
135.40
25.80
562.37
32.81
34.21
727.98
28.49
51.70
120.33
42.77
118.89
33.01
285.90
637.01
77.12
57.86
35.44
47.99
30.66
142.73
111.66
27.66
25.72
172.57
74.42
84.77
144.44
34.83
26.48
25.60
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
Sinop
Sinop
Sinop
Sinop
Sinop
Sinop
Sinop
São Félix do Araguaia
São Félix do Araguaia
São Félix do Araguaia
São Félix do Araguaia
São José do Rio Claro
Sorriso
Tabaporã
Tabaporã
Tabaporã
Tabaporã
Tabaporã
Tapurah
Tapurah
Tapurah
Tapurah
Tapurah
Tapurah
Tapurah
União do Sul
União do Sul
União do Sul
União do Sul
União do Sul
União do Sul
União do Sul
União do Sul
Vera
Vera
Vera
Vera
Vera
Vera
Vera
Vila Bela da St. Trindade
Vila Bela da St. Trindade
Soy/Regeneration
Soy
Soy
Soy
Pastures/Soy
Pastures
Soy/Pastures
Soy
Soy/Deforestation
Deforestation/Regeneration
Deforestation
Soy
Soy
Pastures/Regeneration
Pastures/Soy
Soy
Soy
Corn/Soy/Rice
Pastures
Pastures/Deforestation
Soy/Deforestation
Soy
Pastures/Soy/Regeneration
Deforestation
Rice
Soy/Pastures
Rice
Rice
Soy
Soy
Deforestation/Pastures
Soy/Pastures/Deforestation
Soy
Soy
Soy
Deforestation/Rice/Soy
Deforestation/Rice
Soy/Pastures
Rice/Soy
Soy
Soy
Soy
22 23
ID Area of Polygon (ha) State Municipality Land Use
3255
434
4413
415
416
4263
4266
4272
4282
2007
2010
2736
139
226
1951
1952
1953
1965
1966
1967
2012
2735
3925
3929
3935
3936
3938
3941
3948
3962
3978
3980
3981
3992
4001
4009
4037
4213
4214
4293
4255
43.82
39.07
29.79
29.23
32.07
77.69
64.45
47.83
82.92
188.49
94.24
134.68
55.73
112.53
416.50
274.54
527.90
225.96
303.58
41.46
290.05
456.20
32.15
39.61
63.64
150.26
27.57
286.33
78.73
25.85
162.44
83.50
45.51
442.73
109.73
58.72
25.74
60.05
73.28
162.14
41.71
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
Belterra
Belterra
Belterra
Belterra
Belterra
Belterra
Belterra
Belterra
Belterra
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Dom Eliseu
Paragominas
Paragominas
Paragominas
Paragominas
Deforestation/Regeneration
Deforestation/Soy
Regeneration/Deforestation/Soy
Rice
Deforestation
Soy/Deforestation
Rice/Soy/Deforestation
Soy/Deforestation
Rice
Deforestation
Soy/Corn/Deforestation
Rice/Deforestation
Soy/Deforestation
Pastures/Soy/Corn
Soy/Corn/Deforestation
Soy/Corn/Deforestation
Soy/Deforestation
Pastures/Regeneration/Corn
Corn/Soy/Deforestation
Soy
Deforestation/Soy/Corn
Deforestation/Corn
Soy
Corn
Reforestation/Deforestation
Soy/Regeneration
Soy
Deforestation/Soy
Reforestation
Pastures/Corn
Soy/Deforestation
Deforestation/Soy
Soy/Deforestation
Corn/Soy/Deforestation
Soy/Deforestation
Soy
Regeneration/Corn
Deforestation
Deforestation
Rice
Deforestation/Corn
8.2. Polygons aerial suveyed in the state of Pará (PA)
22 23
ID Area of Polygon (ha) State Municipality Land Use
3034
3073
3160
3171
4186
4187
4248
4252
4398
4353
4436
4067
395
2759
2862
2896
4102
4163
4170
4175
4176
4178
4179
4180
60.75
137.25
64.48
430.72
62.01
343.39
106.87
117.76
174.36
114.38
30.82
42.05
143.74
232.56
307.78
420.81
101.45
84.87
77.47
25.09
45.73
286.82
64.96
163.00
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
Paragominas
Paragominas
Paragominas
Paragominas
Paragominas
Paragominas
Paragominas
Paragominas
Paragominas
Santarém
Santarém
Ulianópolis
Ulianópolis
Ulianópolis
Ulianópolis
Ulianópolis
Ulianópolis
Ulianópolis
Ulianópolis
Ulianópolis
Ulianópolis
Ulianópolis
Ulianópolis
Ulianópolis
Corn
Deforestation/Pastures
Regeneration/Corn
Corn/Regeneration
Corn
Soy
Corn
Corn/Soy
Corn/Regeneration
Rice/Deforestation
Soy
Regeneration
Rice/Deforestation
Deforestation/Regeneration
Deforestation/Soy
Corn/Soy/Deforestation
Corn
Soy
Corn/Deforestation
Corn
Corn
Rice/Deforestation
Corn/Deforestation/Rice
Pastures/Deforestation/Soy
8.3. Polygons aerial suveyed in the state of Rondônia (RO)
ID Area of Polygon (ha) State Municipality Land Use
888
1103
998
1010
390.26
633.34
46,59
39,27
RO
RO
RO
RO
Pimenteiras do Oeste
Pimenteiras do Oeste
Vilhena
Vilhena
Soy/Deforestation
Soy/Deforestation
Rice/Deforestation
Rice/Deforestation