SOY MORATORIUM - Abiove · 3 The Soy Moratorium in the Amazon Biome, which represents 49% of the country’s territory and has over 20 million inhabitants, was signed on July 24,

MAPPING AND MONITORING SOYBEANIN THE AMAZON BIOME – 5TH YEAR

2012

SOY MORATORIUM

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Soy Moratorium in the Amazon Biome was renewed for the fifth time in October 2011, continuing the commitment made by the industry and exporter members of ABIOVE (Brazilian Vegetable Oil Industries Association) and ANEC (National Grain Exporters Association) not to acquire soybeans originating from areas in the Amazon Biome deforested after July 2006.

For this fifth monitoring cycle, the Soy Task Force (GTS), whose members are representatives of ABIOVE’s and ANEC’s members, the Ministry of the Environment, Bank of Brazil and civil society organizations (Conservação Internacional, Greenpeace, IPAM–Institute of Environmental Research in the Amazon, TNC and WWF-Brasil), maintained the partnership with INPE (National Space Research Institute) to detect the presence of annual crops in deforested areas through interpretation of satellite images. To generate reliable information on the current participation of soybean in the Amazon Biome’s deforestation process, the data bases of FUNAI (National Native Indians Foundation), IBAMA (Brazilian Environmental & Renewable Natural Resources Institute), IBGE (Brazilian Geographic & Statistical Institute), IMAZON (Institute of the Amazon People & Environment) and INPE were used.

The company, Geoambiente Sensoriamento Remoto Ltda., was hired for the second consecutive year to make the aerial survey to identify soybean plantations in the areas with annual crops previously selected by INPE. To consolidate the aerial survey information, field visits were also made to all rural properties with the presence of soybean in recent deforested areas.

By using satellite images combined with aerial survey to monitor deforestations since the beginning of the Soy Moratorium in 2006, it was possible to identify the presence of soybeans on 18,410 hectares (71 square miles) of recent deforestations. During this same period (2006-2011), total deforestation in the Amazon Biome was 4.51 million hectares (17,413 square miles), of which 3.47 million hectares (13,398 square miles), or 77%, were located in the three soy producing states that were monitored under the Moratorium (Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia). In these states, the 58 monitored municipalities are responsible for 98% of the soybean planted in the Amazon Biome.

Soybean plantation in the Amazon Biome, on land that was deforested during the Soy Moratorium, corresponds to 0.41% of all deforestation, or 0.53% of the deforestation in the three soy-producing states, or even 3.04% of the deforestation in the soy-producing municipalities. In crop year 2011/12 Brazil planted 24.8 million hectares (95,753 square miles) of soybeans, with 2.1 million hectares (8,108 square miles) in the Amazon Biome.

This report describes the methodology and presents the results obtained in the fifth year of the Soy Moratorium’s monitoring cycle. The site www.abiove.com.br has the detailed information on the deforested polygons, including the satellite images, panoramic aerial photographs and field visits that make up this study.

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The Soy Moratorium in the Amazon Biome, which represents 49% of the country’s territory and has over 20 million inhabitants, was signed on July 24, 2006 by the industry and exporter members of ABIOVE (Brazilian Vegetable Oil Industries Association) and ANEC (National Grain Exporters Association). The Moratorium was renewed for the fifth time in October 2011, with its commitment that the companies not acquire soybeans from areas of the Amazon Biome that were deforested after July 2006.

The deforested and monitored areas were obtained from the data base of PRODES¹ (Program for Calculating Deforestation in Brazil’s Legal Amazon). In the first two years, corresponding to crop years 2007/08 and 2008/09, monitoring was done on a sampling basis. In the first crop year (2007/08), no soybeans were found in areas deforested after the Soy Moratorium was signed and, in the second (2008/09), 1,384 hectares (5 square miles) were detected.

Starting in the Soy Moratorium’s third year, all deforested polygons were monitored in a first step through satellite images, followed by aerial survey and field visits to identify the rural properties with soy planted after the Moratorium. In the third crop year (2009/10), 6,295 hectares (24 square miles) were identified as having soybean and, in the fourth crop year (2010/2011), 11,698 hectares (45 square miles) had soybean.

Certain improvements in methodology were adopted in the fourth year that took into consideration the crop calendar, with its differences between the northern region of Pará state and the states of Rondônia and Mato Grosso. Conservation Units, Indigenous Lands and Settlements were also monitored but aerial survey was performed only on private producing farms. The data bases of several institutions were used: FUNAI (National Native Indians Foundation), IBAMA (Brazilian Environmental & Renewable Natural Resources Institute), IBGE (Brazilian Geographic & Statistical Institute), IMAZON (Institute of the Amazon People & Environment), INCRA (National Colonization & Agrarian Reform Institute) and INPE (National Space Research Institute).

The scope of this study is to identify soybean plantations in crop year 2011/12 in areas of the Amazon Biome deforested after July 24, 2006, according to the criteria of the Soy Moratorium.

The study’s specific objectives are to use satellite images for the selection of areas with annual crops in the 2011/12 crop year, in all deforested areas indicated by INPE`s PRODES system after the Moratorium, and to confirm soybean crops in those selected areas through aerial survey with photographic recording followed by field visits.

The methodology of this study consists in defining the area of concentration of soybean plantations in the Amazon Biome and in using satellite images to preselect the PRODES deforested polygons that are likely to have annual crops. The preselected polygons are then subjected to aerial survey to confirm the presence of soybean. This methodology is detailed below.

3.1. Definition of the study area

Selection of deforested polygons for monitoring was based on the following criteria:

1. Located entirely or partially in the Amazon Biome;2. Located in the states of Mato Grosso (Amazon Biome region), Pará and Rondônia, that concentrate the production of soybean in the Amazon Biome;3. Located in municipalities, whose last or current year’s estimate indicated a soybean acreage of more than 5,000 hectares (19 square miles);4. Aggregated small deforested polygons (see Item 3.2) to form polygons greater than 25 hectares (61.8 acres), identified by PRODES in the years 2007-2011.

1- Available on www.obt.inpe.br/prodes/ (Shimabukuro et al., 1998).2- The PRODES annual evaluations are based on images acquired between August and July of the following year. PRODES 2007 used some images acquired after the start of the Soy Moratorium (July 24, 2006).

I INTRODUCTION

II SCOPE OF THE STUDY

III METHODOLOGY

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3.2. Deforested polygons of the PRODES System

Since 1988, PRODES, the project developed and run by INPE that monitors and maps deforestation, has estimated the annual deforestation rate in the Legal Amazon. In 2002, the analogic mapping procedure was converted to a digital system. Images from the Landsat satellite, which are automatically classified in a first stage, are later edited to correct their classification through visual interpretation on the computer screen. The deforestation maps are included in a georeferenced data base and are available on the Internet (http://www.obt.inpe.br/prodes/). Table 1 shows the PRODES data for the states of Mato Grosso, Rondônia and Pará, related to the polygons in the Amazon Biome, deforested since the beginning of the Soy Moratorium.

All the polygons deforested in the 2007-2011 period, in the states of Mato Grosso, Rondônia and Pará, were selected from the PRODES data base. These polygons were intersected with the boundaries of the 58 municipalities with soybean plantations over 5,000 hectares (19 square miles) within the Amazon Biome’s boundaries. Only those polygons located within the limits of these municipalities, which represent 98% of soybean crop in the Amazon Biome, were selected.

Figure 1. Defined study area based on the following criteria: (1) Amazon Biome; (2) soybean producing states (Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia); (3) municipalities with soybean acreage over 5,000 hectares.

State

Mato Grosso**

Pará

Rondônia

Total

2007

237,142

552,600

161,100

950,842

2008

317,123

560,700

113,600

991,423

2009

68,438

428,100

48,200

544,738

Year of PRODES Mapping during the Soy Moratorium*

2010

65,757

377,000

43,500

486,257

2011

110,800

300,800

86,500

498,100

Total

799,260

2,219,200

452,900

3,471,360

Table 1. Total annual deforested area (hectares) in the states of Mato Grosso (Amazon Biome), Rondônia and Pará during the Soy Moratorium.

Figure 1 shows the 58 municipalities selected for monitoring in accordance with the criteria defined above and presents the boundaries of Conservation Units, Indigenous Lands and Settlements.

* The PRODES mapping year is from August to July** Deforested area in Mato Grosso, located within the Amazon BiomeSource: Adapted from INPE; available on http://www.obt.inpe.br/prodes/prodes_1988_2011.htm

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3- Rudorff et al., 2007.4- Justice et al., 1998; Huete et al., 1999; Justice e Townshend, 2002.5- Rizzi et al., 2009

3.3. Aggregation of adjacent polygons

The GTS agreed to monitor deforested polygons greater than 25 hectares (61.8 acres) due to the moderate spatial resolution of the images (250x250 meters, or 820x820 ft.) from the MODIS sensor (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer) used to identify annual crops in these polygons. The smaller deforested areas, which gradually increase over the years, are aggregated and included in the monitoring cycle when the sum of annual and adjacent deforestation reaches 25 hectares. As an example, Figure 2 shows the aggregation of three polygons into one. Before aggregation, polygons 2 and 3 were smaller than 25 hectares but, after aggregation, passed the 25-hectare minimum and, consequently, were included in the monitoring cycle.

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Figure 2. Example of aggregation of three adjacent PRODES polygons.

3.4. Identification of polygons with annual crops through satellite images

MODIS images are often used to classify soy crops and the results are sufficiently precise, especially in the state of Mato Grosso. Nevertheless, some classification errors, associated with other crops such as rice and corn, are common. The results of the Soy Moratorium in previous years show that over 90% of the deforested areas have no signs of annual crops. Consequently, less than 10% of the deforested polygons present annual crop and need to be aerial surveyed to ensure the correct identification of soybeans in these polygons. Thus, MODIS images have a fundamental role in the detection of annual crops, eliminating over 90% of deforested polygons which show no evidence of annual crops. According to the results of the TerraClass Project, over 90% of the deforestation mapped by PRODES between 1988 and 2007 have pastures or secondary or regenerated forest, with only 4% having annual crops (www.inpe.br/cra/projetos_pesquisas/terraclass.php).

Identification of the presence of soybeans or other annual crops through satellite images needs to be made early in the growing season to allow enough time for the subsequent activities of aerial survey and field visit. Based on the soybean calendar for the states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia, MODIS sensor images from the Terra satellite acquired at two periods were used: June 9, 2011 to December 15, 2011, and June 9, 2011 to January 15, 2012. Because of the differences in the soybean crop calendar in the state of Pará, the images for this state were for the periods: June 9, 2011 to January 31, 2012, and December 1, 2011 to March 10, 2012. The method used to detect the presence of annual crops in the deforested polygons is based on the Crop Enhancement Index (CEI) that highlights the variation in the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) in two specific periods of the soybean growing season: (a) in the off-season, before the soybeans begin to grow, when the EVI values are relatively low (MinEVI, Figures 3 and 4), and (b) when the soybeans are well developed and show the highest EVI values (MaxEVI, Figure 3).

High CEI values indicate the presence of soybeans, or another annual crop with characteristics similar to soybeans in terms of sowing and maximum development periods, while forest regeneration, cerrado or pastures show low CEI values because of the low seasonal variation when compared to annual crops (Figure 3).

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Figure 4a shows a MODIS/EVI image for the period in which annual crops present the lowest EVI values (MinEVI), while Figure 4b shows the period of maximum EVI values (MaxEVI). From the minimum and maximum EVI values comes the CEI image shown in Figure 4c. The higher and lower CEI values are associated with the presence and absence of annual crops, respectively. Figure 4c also includes a false color image from the period of maximum soybean development, with the soy crops shown in yellow.

After selecting the polygons through the MODIS/CEI images, classification was refined by a visual analysis of these polygons, using satellite images with better spatial resolution and partially free of cloud cover. These images were obtained from the Landsat-7 satellite (ETM+ sensor) and the Resourcesat-1 satellite (AWIFS and LISS3 sensors) and are available on INPE’s website at www.dgi.inpe.br/. The 2011/12 crop year was favorable in terms of getting cloud-free images, making it possible to refine well the polygon selection for the aerial survey, as well as accurately indicating the presence of soybeans in several polygons.

Figure 3. Example of the temporal variations in EVI values for: (a) early and late sown soybeans according to the crop calendar of Mato Grosso; (b) forest; (c) forest regeneration; and (d) Cerrado/Pastures. Also shown are the periods in which the minimum (MinEVI) and maximum (MaxEVI) EVI values are obtained to calculate the CEI.

Figure 4. Example of two deforested polygons, with and without an annual crop, identified through the CEI method: (a) MODIS image with minimum EVI values; (b) MODIS image with maximum EVI values; and (c) CEI image showing that high values indicate the presence of annual crop and low values indicate the absence, as illustrated by the composite colored image taken by the AWIFS sensor on board of the Resourcesat-1 satellite.

a)

b)

c)

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3.5. Aerial survey used to identify soybean plantation

The polygons identified by satellite images as having signs of annual crops were subjected to aerial survey, using an airplane equipped with GPS, on-board computer and camera for taking panoramic photographs. The photographs of the polygons were used to identify the total or partial occurrence of soybeans and also of other land uses.

Each selected polygon was identified with:

1. Identification number (ID), with the municipality2. Name of the owner and the property (confidential use only), obtained through field visits to the properties and confirmed with the competent entities3. Land use, according to classification4. Deforested area, in hectares5. Area planted with soybeans, in hectares6. Central geographic coordinates (X and Y)7. Satellite images and aerial photographs

Between December 27, 2011 and May 23, 2012, 146 hours were spent flying over 31 municipalities in the states of Mato Grosso, Rondônia and Pará. Apart from the adverse climatic conditions common at this time of year, this stage of the project is complicated by the lack of infrastructure (aerodromes and highways), communication problems in some municipalities and difficulties in obtaining information during the field trips.

IV RESULTS

4.1. Selection of PRODES polygons

Based on the methodology defined for selecting the study area to be monitored, 20,314 polygons have been deforested since the start of the Soy Moratorium, corresponding to a total area of 605,560 hectares (2,338 square miles) (Table 2). These polygons are located in 58 municipalities in the Amazon Biome: 46 in Mato Grosso state, 6 in Pará state and 6 in Rondônia state. With the aggregation of adjacent deforested polygons between 2007 and 2011, the number of polygons was reduced to 14,566, as shown in Table 2.

Table 2 shows that aggregation reduced the number of polygons in the smaller categories (≤25 hectares, or 61.8 acres, and 25-50 hectares, or 61.8-123.6 acres) and increased the number of polygons in the larger categories (50-100 hectares, or 123.6-247.2 acres, and >100 hectares, or 247.2 acres). Before aggregation, polygons with less than 25 hectares represented 77% of the total, while those with over 100 hectares represented 4% (Figure 5a). After aggregation, the smaller polygons represent 70% and the larger 7% of the total (Figure 5b).

As can be seen, the total area also suffered a residual variation from the aggregation that impacted the representativity of these categories. Polygons with less than 25 hectares decreased their representativity from 32% (Figure 5c) to 20% (Figure 5d) of the total deforested area. On the other hand, polygons with over 100 hectares increased their representativity from 40% (Figure 5c) to 55% (Figure 5d) of the total deforested area. In addition, the total area of polygons with over 25 hectares increased from 321,079 hectares (1,240 square miles) before aggregation to 484,010 hectares (1,869 square miles) after aggregation.

Categories

(ha)

25

25 a 50

50 a 100

>100

Total

n

15,654

2,600

1,167

893

20,314

ha

192,939

89,333

80,259

243,255

605,786

n

10,192

2,132

1,149

1,093

14,566

ha

121,550

73,923

80,238

329,849

605,560

PRODES PRODES - Aggregated

<_

Table 2. Number of polygons (n) and area in hectares (ha), with and without aggregation of polygons.

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Figure 5. Percentage variation in the number and area of polygons, by category of size, before and after aggregation.

Based on the selection criteria for aggregated polygons over 25 hectares (61.8 acres), 4,374 polygons were selected: 2,132 polygons in the 25-50 hectares category, 1,149 polygons in the 50-100 hectares category and 1,093 polygons in the over 100 hectares category (Table 3). These 4,374 polygons correspond to an area of 484,010 hectares (1,869 square miles), or 80% of the area of all deforested polygons indicated by PRODES during the Moratorium (Table 3).

Table 3 shows the number of deforested polygons by category of area monitored in the three states. Most polygons in the Amazon Biome, within the soy-producing municipalities (over 5,000 hectares, or 19 square miles), are in Mato Grosso state: 2,925 polygons representing 67% of the total. Based on the same criteria, Pará state has 29% of the polygons (1,211) and Rondônia has 5% (175).

Category

(ha)

25 a 50

50 a 100

>100

Total

n

1,340

767

818

2,925

(ha)

46,973

53,490

252,909

353,372

n

685

339

251

1,275

(ha)

23,534

23,701

69,927

117,162

Mato Grosso Pará

n

107

43

24

174

(ha)

3,418

3,046

7,012

13,476

n

2,132

1,149

1,093

4,374

(ha)

73,925

80,237

329,848

484,010

Rondônia Subtotal

Table 3. Number (n) and area (ha) of polygons, by category of area monitored in the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia.

4.2. Selection of polygons with annual crops using satellite images

Through an evaluation of the 4,374 deforested polygons monitored by the MODIS sensor satellite images, followed by a visual interpretation using medium spatial resolution images, 265 polygons were selected as having signs of annual crops. These polygons are located outside Settlements, Indigenous Lands and Conservation Units. An additional analysis verified the occurrence of 134 polygons with the presence of annual crops in Settlements (Table 4). It should be noted that no deforested polygon, with annual crop characteristics, was found within Indigenous Lands or Conservation Units.

Number before aggregation Area before aggregation

Number after aggregation Area after aggregation

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Table 4. Number of polygons selected for aerial survey.

Category

(ha)

25 a 50

50 a 100

>100

Total

n

40

20

71

131

(ha)

1,118

1,158

12,282

14,558

n

8

7

16

31

(ha)

227

321

2,317

2,865

Mato Grosso Pará

n

-

-

2

2

(ha)

-

-

987

987

n

48

27

89

164

(ha)

1,345

1,479

15,586

18,410

Rondônia Total

Table 5. Number (n) and area (ha) of polygons with soybeans, by category of polygon, in the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia.

In this fifth monitoring cycle, soybeans were confirmed in 62% of the polygons selected through satellite images, indicating that the procedure for classifying areas with annual crops by means of satellite images is still conservative. But there has been significant improvement in this procedure as compared to the previous year, when 293 polygons were aerial surveyed, of which 146 polygons (50%) in fact had soybeans. It should be noted that 94% of the polygons monitored by satellite images, and located outside Settlements, Indigenous Lands and Conservation Units, were classified as not having annual crops.

Taking into consideration that the number of polygons is cumulative, with a tendency to increase each year, it is important to have a comprehensive and efficient method for selecting polygons. For example, in 2007, the deforested area in the soy-producing states (Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia) was 950,842 hectares (3,671 square miles) (Table 1). With the passage of years, this area in the same states of the Amazon Biome, accumulated through 2011, increased to 3,471,360 hectares (13,403 square miles), i.e., the area to be monitored increased by a factor of 3.6 (Table 1).

Polygons

Not Selected

Selected (outside Settlements, Indigenous Lands and Conservation Units)

Identified on the edge of Settlements

Total

MT

2,595

205

125

2,925

PA

1,214

56

5

1,275

RO

166

4

4

174

StatesTotal

3,975

265

134

4,374

Of the total 4,374 deforested and monitored polygons, 3,975 (91%) had no sign of the presence of annual crops. Of the remainder, 134 polygons (3%) with annual crops were in Settlements (Table 4).

4.3. Identification of soybean through aerial survey

Based on the aerial survey done by Geoambiente of the 265 selected polygons, 164 polygons were found to have soybeans, corresponding to an area of 18,410 hectares (71 square miles) (Table 5). This shows that conversion of forest to soybeans, during the Soy Moratorium, corresponds to 0.41% of all the deforestation in the Amazon Biome, or 0.53% of the deforestation in the three monitored states within this Biome, or even 3.04% of the deforestation in the soy-producing municipalities.

In Mato Grosso state, 131 polygons were identified as not meeting the terms of the Soy Moratorium. These polygons represent an area of 14,558 hectares (56 square miles) planted with soybeans (Table 5), corresponding to 79.1% of the soybeans detected in this monitoring cycle and 1.8% of the total deforested area in Mato Grosso during the Moratorium (799,260 hectares, or 3,086 square miles) (Table 1).

In the state of Pará, 31 polygons were identified as having 2,865 hectares (11 square miles) planted with soybeans (Table 5), corresponding to 15.6% of the soybeans detected in this monitoring cycle but only 0.13% of the deforested area in Pará during the Soy Moratorium (2,219,200 hectares, or 8,568 square miles) (Table 1).

Two polygons were identified in Rondônia state with an area of 987 hectares (3.8 square miles) planted with soybeans (Table 5) for a total deforested area of 452,900 hectares (1,749 square miles) (Table 1).

It should be pointed out that, of the 265 polygons selected for aerial survey, 118 were in the >100 hectares (247.2 acres) category and 89 of these polygons had soybeans. The area represented by these polygons is 15,586 hectares (60 square miles) (Table 5), corresponding to 84.7% of the total deforested area planted with soybeans.

There is a complete list of the monitored polygons in the Appendices (Item VIII).

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4.4. Comparison among crop years during the Soy Moratorium

Figure 6 shows that, in the first crop year (2006/07), approximately 15,800 hectares (61 square miles) in 265 polygons were monitored, of which 195 had an area greater than 100 hectares (247.2 acres) and 70 were part of a small sample of polygons with less than 100 hectares. No polygon subjected to aerial survey in this first year was identified as having soybeans. In the second crop year (2007/08), the monitored area was 50,000 hectares (193 square miles) in 560 polygons with over 100 hectares, of which ten polygons on 1,025 hectares (4 square miles) in Mato Grosso state had soybeans and two polygons in Pará state with an area of 360 hectares (1 square mile) had soybeans. In the sample of 70 polygons with less than 100 hectares, no polygon was identified as having soybeans.

Starting in the third year of the Soy Moratorium (crop year 2009/10), all 2,955 deforested polygons (≥25 hectares, or 61.8 acres, after aggregation) in municipalities with over 5,000 hectares (19 square miles) of soybean were evaluated, allowing a thorough monitoring of the area. In this crop year, 693 deforested polygons with over 100 hectares were monitored, with aerial survey on 61 polygons preselected from satellite images (Figure 6). In the 2010/11 crop year, 3,571 polygons (≥25 hectares) were monitored, of which 858 polygons had over 100 hectares, but only 113 were preselected using satellite images and, consequently, aerial surveyed (Figure 6).

Finally, in the 2011/12 crop year, 4,374 polygons (≥25 hectares) were monitored, of which 1,093 had over 100 hectares. Aerial survey was performed on 122 polygons over 100 hectares that had annual crops (Figure 6). Thus, despite the large increase in the total number of polygons monitored in each crop year, the number of polygons with annual crops selected for aerial surveys has decreased from crop year 2010/11 to 2011/12 as a result of the preselection process using satellite images.

When comparing the first two crop years with the last three crop years for the category with over 100 hectares (247.2 acres), there was an increase in the number of polygons that were aerial surveyed (Figure 6). In the first two years all deforested polygons over 100 hectares were aerial surveyed; while in the last three years only the deforested polygons identified with annual crops were aerial surveyed.

In the first two years, aerial surveys were made only for a sample of 70 polygons with deforested area less than 100 hectares within a very restricted region, in three municipalities: 28 polygons in Feliz Natal, 26 in União do Sul and 16 in Vera. For deforested polygons with an area between 25 hectares (61.8 acres) and 100 hectares, 2,262 polygons were monitored in the 2009/10 crop year, of which 133 were selected for aerial surveys as the satellite images showed signs of annual crops. In the following crop year (2010/11), for the same size polygon, 180 of the total 2,713 polygons were aerial surveyed and, finally, in the 2011/12 crop year, 143 of the total 3,281 polygons were aerial surveyed.

Figure 6. Number of polygons with aerial survey, without aerial survey and monitored deforested area (in 1,000 hectares), for the last five crop years.

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A comparison of the 2011/12 crop year with the previous crop year shows that the number of polygons with aerial survey was 10% lower, despite the fact that the total number of PRODES polygons had increased 22% (Table 6). Nevertheless, the number of polygons with soybeans increased 12%, while soybean acreage increased 57% during the same period. An important factor associated with this increase is the longer time elapsed since the start of the Soy Moratorium as, in the first years after deforestation, rice crops commonly precede soybeans, which are usually planted from the third year on .

Comparing the results for the current year’s number of polygons and soybean acreage with those of the previous crop year, there has been a large increase in polygons with over 100 hectares (247.2 acres), mostly in the states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia (Table 7). In Mato Grosso, there was an increase of 31 polygons in this category, an increase of 73%. In the same way, soybean acreage in these polygons increased from 5,896 hectares (23 square miles) to 12,282 hectares (47 square miles), an increase of 6,386 hectares (25 square miles), more than doubling the area with soy production in this category. Looking at the same data for the state of Pará, there has been a fall of 31% in soybean acreage, going from 4,147 hectares (16 square miles) in 2010/11 to 2,865 hectares (11 square miles) in 2011/12. Based on these results, 95% of the increase in soybean acreage was due to polygons with over 100 hectares in Mato Grosso state. In addition, soy grown in polygons with over 100 hectares corresponds to 85% of this crop that does not meet the terms of the Soy Moratorium (15,586 hectares, or 60 square miles) (Table 6).

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6- Sorrensen, 2004; Morton et al., 2006.

Table 6. Comparison of crop years 3-5 of the Soy Moratorium: total deforested area (hectares); number of polygons analyzed; area with soybeans in the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia in the Amazon Biome.

Monitoring Cycle

Total deforested area in hectares, with ≥25 hectaresVariation related to the previous crop year

Number of polygons monitored by satellite imagesVariation related to the previous crop year

Number of polygons with aerial surveysVariation related to the previous crop year

Number of polygons with soybeansVariation related to the previous crop year

Soybean acreage (hectares), category >100 hectaresVariation related to the previous crop year

Soybean acreage (hectares)Variation related to the previous crop year

3º Ano 4º Ano 5º Ano

Table 7. Comparison of the number of polygons with soybeans and soybean acreage (hectares) by category of polygons, in the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia, in crop years 2010/11 and 2011/12.

Total

105131403112

8,38514,5584,1472,865

29987

>100 ha

4271131602

5,89612,2823,2842,317

0987

50 - 100 ha

232010700

1,3401,15844532100

25 - 50 ha

404017810

1,1491,118418227290

Crop Year

2010/112011/122010/112011/122010/112011/122010/112011/122010/112011/122010/112011/12

State

MT

PA

RO

MT

PA

RO

Number of Polygons

Area (hectares)

302,149

2.955

194

76

4,899

6,295

375,500+24%

3,571+20%

293+51%

146+92%

8,346+70%

11,698+85%

484,010+29%

4,374+22%

265-10%

164+12%

15,586+87%

18,410+57%

12

4.5. Likely causes for the increase of soy plantations in deforested polygons

Compared to last year’s figures, there has been an increase this year of about 12% in the number of polygons planted with soybeans, from 146 polygons to 164 polygons, while the planted area has increased from 11,698 hectares (45 square miles) to 18,410 hectares (71 square miles), an increase in the order of 57% (Table 6). This increase can be attributed to the following factors:

a) Increase in the monitored area, from 375,500 hectares (1,450 square miles) in 2010/11 to 484,010 hectares (1,869 square miles) in 2011/12;b) Favorable market scenario;c) More time elapsed since deforestation, as it is the usual practice to grow rice for a year or two before planting soybeans in recently deforested areas.

Item (c) above is represented by the result of the intersection between the area identified with soybeans and the PRODES date for the deforestation, shown in Figure 7. As can be seen, 39% (7,166 hectares, or 28 square miles) of the area with soy production was mapped by PRODES as having been deforested in 2007, while 2% (395 hectares, or 1.5 square miles) was in areas deforested in 2011. Of the 18,410 hectares (71 square miles) of soybeans planted in this year, 83% (15,320 hectares, or 59 square miles) have been planted on deforestations with three years or more: 7,166 hectares (28 square miles) deforested in 2007; 5,145 hectares (20 square miles) in 2008; and 3,009 hectares (12 square miles) in 2009, as shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7. Area planted with soybeans by year of deforestation.

4.6. Relevance of soy plantings in recent Amazon Biome deforestation

The Brazilian soybean production of crop year 2011/12, despite adverse climatic conditions, was 66.4 million tons. Soy acreage increased about 3.5%, but soy yield was 14.9% lower than the previous crop year. The effects of the drought were felt mostly by producers in the South-Central region of Brazil, while the states monitored under the terms of the Soy Moratorium had smaller yield losses than other states (CONAB, 2012).

The results obtained in this fifth monitoring cycle show that, during the Soy Moratorium, soy planting occurred in only 0.41% of the total deforested area. This is 0.07% of the total area planted with soybeans in Brazil for the crop year 2011/12. In view of the results presented, there are strong indications that the Soy Moratorium has inhibited the advance of deforestation for the purpose of planting soybeans in the Amazon Biome during the past five years.

In the 2011/12 crop year, soybeans planted in deforested polygons during the Soy Moratorium represent 0.87% of the total soybean acreage in the Amazon Biome (Table 8). In the state of Mato Grosso, responsible for 88% of the Amazon Biome’s soybean acreage, soybeans planted in deforested polygons during the Soy Moratorium represent 0.78% of the total soybean acreage in the Amazon Biome (Table 8). Mato Grosso state is responsible for 79% of the soybean acreage that does not comply with the terms of the Soy Moratorium.

Year

of D

efor

esta

tion

Soy Acreage (hectares)

13

State

Mato Grosso

Pará

Rondônia

Total

Polygons of the Moratorium Estimated Total % of the Total

0.78%

2.45%

0.68%

0.87%

Soybean acreage in the Amazon Biome (ha)

Table 8. Comparison of soybean acreage in the Soy Moratorium polygons and the estimated total soybean acreage within the Amazon Biome, in the selected municipalities (>5,000 hectares), by state.

Figure 8 shows a graph of the Amazon Biome’s deforested area, the deforested area in the monitored municipalities and the soybean acreage during the Soy Moratorium. This Figure shows that the monitored municipalities were responsible for 13.4% of the deforestation in the Amazon Biome, with 3.04% of this area converted to soybeans in the 2011//12 crop year.

Figure 8. Comparison of the deforested area accumulated after 2007 and the soybean acreage in the context of the Soy Moratorium.

14,558

2,865

987

18,410

1,851,859

116,600

143,300

2,111,759

Are

a (in

100

0 he

ctar

es)

PRODES deforestation in the Amazon Biome, accumulated after 2007PRODES deforestation in monitored municipalities of the Amazon Biome, accumulated after 2007Soybean acreage in the monitored polygons

14

With the satellite images and the panoramic aerial photographs recorded during the aerial survey, it was possible to map 18,410 hectares (71 square miles) of soybean planted in the 2011/12 crop year, in deforested areas after the Soy Moratorium was signed on July 24, 2006. The state of Mato Grosso had the biggest participation in soy plantings (14,558 hectares, or 56 square miles), followed by Pará state (2,865 hectares, or 11 square miles) and Rondônia state (987 hectares, or 3.8 square miles). Compared with the previous year, soybean acreage in Mato Grosso state increased from 8,385 hectares (32 square miles) to 14,558 hectares (56 square miles), an increase of 74%, while in the state of Pará soy acreage fell from 4,147 hectares (16 square miles) to 2,865 hectares (11 square miles), a reduction of 31%.

The 18,410 hectares that are not in agreement with the Soy Moratorium correspond to 0.53% of the deforestation in the states of Mato Grosso (Amazon Biome), Pará and Rondônia. Total deforestation within that area, in the five-year period 2007-2011, was 3.47 million (13,398 square miles). Based on the Soy Moratorium study, we can conclude that soybeans are not playing an important role in the deforestation of the Amazon as they represent only 3.04% of the deforestation in the soy-producing municipalities and 0.41% of the deforested area in the Amazon Biome as a whole.

The area deforested during the five-year period 2007-2011, in the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia, is significant. However, in this period, we have also seen the lowest deforestation rates in the Legal Amazon in an historic series of 24 years (INPE, 2012).

The use of satellite images to monitor deforested areas, with a view to identifying agricultural crops, makes it possible to evaluate practically all the area of influence for soybean crops in the Amazon Biome. We can therefore conclude that the monitoring done under the terms of the Soy Moratorium ensures high reliability in the identification and the mapping of soybean plantings in deforested areas.

In synthesis, the process of carefully analyzing satellite images, followed by aerial surveys with photographic records and identification during field visits to the rural property, makes it possible for the industries and exporters who participate in the Soy Moratorium to comply with their commitment not to acquire soybeans from deforested areas of the Amazon Biome.

Bernardo Rudorff Coordenador Técnico

INPE

Carlo Lovatelli PresidenteABIOVE

Izabel Cecarelli Diretora

GEOAMBIENTE

V CONCLUSIONS

15

VI BIBLIOGRAPHY

- CONAB - Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento. Acompanhamento de safra brasileira de grãos – 9º levantamento. Brasilia, 2012. pg. 34.

- Huete, A., C. Justice e W. Van Leeuwen. MODIS Vegetation Index (MOD 13): Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (version 3): National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2006: 129 pg. 1999.

- INPE - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais. MONITORAMENTO DA FLORESTA AMAZÔNICA BRASILEIRA POR SATÉLITE - Estimativas Anuais de desflorestamento desde 1988 até 2011. Disponível em: http://www.obt.inpe.br/prodes/prodes_1988_2011.htm, Acesso em 10/06/2012, 2012.

- Justice, C. e J. Townshend. Special issue on the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS): a new generation of land surface monitoring. Remote Sensing of Environment, v.83, n.1-2, p.1-2, 2002.

- Justice, C. O., E. Vermote, J. R. G. Townshend, R. Defries, D. P. Roy, D. K. Hall, V. V. Salomonson, J. L. Privette, G. Riggs, A. Strahler, W. Lucht, R. B. Myneni, Y. Knyazikhin, S. W. Running, R. R. Nemani, W. Zhengming, A. R. Huete, W. Van Leeuwen, R. E. Wolfe, L. Giglio, J. Muller, P. Lewis e M. J. Barnsley. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS): land remote sensing for global change research. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on, v.36, n.4, p.1228-1249, 1998.

- Morton, D. C., R. S. Defries, Y. E. Shimabukuro, L. O. Anderson, E. Arai, F. D. Espirito-Santo, R. Freitas e J. Morisette. Cropland expansion changes deforestation dynamics in the southern Brazilian Amazon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v.103, n.39, p.14637-14641, 2006.

- Rudorff, B.F.T.; Shimabukuro, Y.E.; Ceballos, J.C. (Coord.). Sensor MODIS e suas Aplicações Ambientais no Brasil. 1.ed. São José dos Campos: Editora Parêntese, 2007. 425 p.

- Rudorff, B.F.T., Adami, M., Aguiar, D.A., Moreira, M.A., Mello, M.P., Fabiani, L., Amaral, D.F., Pires, B.M. The Soy Moratorium in the Amazon Biome Monitored by Remote Sensing Images. Remote Sensing, v.3, p.185-202, 2011.

- Rizzi, R., Risso, J., Epiphanio, R.D.V., Rudorff, B.F.T., Formaggio, A.R., Shimabukuro, Y.E., Fernandes, S.L. Estimativa da área de soja no Mato Grosso por meio de imagens MODIS. XIV Simpósio Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Remoto. Anais... INPE, Natal, pp. 387-394, 2009.

- Shimabukuro, Y. E., G. T. Batista, E. M. K. Mello, J. C. Moreira e V. Duarte. Using shade fraction image segmentation to evaluate deforestation in Landsat Thematic Mapper images of the Amazon Region. International Journal of Remote Sensing, v.19, n.3, p.535 – 541, 1998.

- Sorrensen, C. Contributions of fire use study to land use/cover change frameworks: Understanding landscape change in agricultural frontiers. Human Ecology, v.32, n.4, p.395-420, 2004.

VII TECHNICAL TEAM

7.1. INPE- General Coordinator: Bernardo Rudorff - Analysts: Marcos Adami e Joel Risso - Staff: Fernando Yuzo Sato, Moisés Pereira Galvão Salgado e Magog Araújo de Carvalho

7.2. GEOAMBIENTE- General Coordinator: Izabel Cecarelli- Technical Coordinator: Leandro Fabiani

7.3. ABIOVE- General Coordinator: Fábio Trigueirinho- Technical Coordinator: Bernardo Machado Pires - Technical Team: Alice Hernandes Motta, Daniel Furlan Amaral e Gabriel Levy

16

Para consultar materiais sobre a Moratória da Soja, acesse o site: www.abiove.com.br

ID Area of Polygon (ha) State Municipality Land Use

1476

1181

1199

97.56

36.32

154.84

MT

MT

MT

Bom Jesus do Araguaia

Canarana

Canarana

Rice/Deforestation

Regeneration

Soy

17


1476

1181

1199

1216

342

349

1820

2101

2369

2436

2537

2587

2606

2625

2769

1135

1434

68

96

286

4493

1322

1348

1371

1374

1388

1389

1426

1439

1471

1473

1483

1485

1493

1510

1519

1567

1585

1615

1641

97.56

36.32

154.84

38.81

106.86

94.02

123.68

178.34

580.32

337.89

41.73

89.27

85.58

82.66

35.28

83.88

37.01

268.93

29.03

201.64

26.08

578.96

226.58

175.00

424.03

968.62

536.99

197.16

348.78

73.43

193.30

29.90

46.65

41.40

220.71

185.45

53.08

262.24

297.96

53.77

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

Bom Jesus do Araguaia

Canarana

Canarana

Canarana

Cláudia

Cláudia

Cláudia

Cláudia

Cláudia

Cláudia

Cláudia

Cláudia

Cláudia

Cláudia

Cláudia

Comodoro

Comodoro

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Rice/Deforestation

Regeneration

Soy

Soy

Rice

Rice/Regeneration/Deforestation

Soy

Deforestation/Rice/Soy

Deforestation

Deforestation/Soy/Rice

Soy/Rice/Deforestation

Pastures/Soy

Soy/Regeneration

Rice

Soy

Soy

Soy

Deforestation/Soy/Regeneration

Soy

Soy/Deforestation

Regeneration/Soy

Deforestation/Soy/Pastures

Deforestation/Pastures

Regeneration

Deforestation/Regeneration

Rice/Deforestation

Deforestation/Pastures/Soy

Regeneration/Soy

Regeneration/Soy

Pastures/Reforestation

Deforestation/Soy

Soy

Pastures/Regeneration

Regeneration/Soy

Deforestation

Rice/Soy/Deforestation


Deforestation

Soy


VIII APPENDICES

8.1. Polygons flown over in the state of Mato Grosso (MT)

18


1665

1677

1679

1684

1693

1726

1755

1762

1794

1850

1883

1901

2038

2059

2080

2122

23

34

36

37

1023

1024

775

792

812

824

4494

900

931

955

963

968

971

978

981

992

1189

1612

2227

2247

2356

620.74

165.35

30.33

29.57

539.30

54.06

42.84

543.09

173.30

1,100.87

105.46

159.03

26.88

45.66

58.57

412.77

265.60

29.62

93.14

440.93

29.46

255.46

58.51

481.97

29.94

87.55

74.07

330.06

34.70

28.27

82.75

138.57

46.08

26.98

127.02

69.10

1,004.44

492.93

169.00

93.36

1,305.78

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Feliz Natal

Gaúcha do Norte

Gaúcha do Norte

Gaúcha do Norte

Gaúcha do Norte

Gaúcha do Norte

Gaúcha do Norte

Gaúcha do Norte

Gaúcha do Norte

Gaúcha do Norte

Gaúcha do Norte

Gaúcha do Norte

Gaúcha do Norte

Gaúcha do Norte

Gaúcha do Norte

Gaúcha do Norte

Gaúcha do Norte

Gaúcha do Norte

Gaúcha do Norte

Gaúcha do Norte

Gaúcha do Norte

Gaúcha do Norte

Ipiranga do Norte

Ipiranga do Norte

Ipiranga do Norte

Ipiranga do Norte


Soy

Soy


Deforestation/Soy/Rice

Rice/Soy/Regeneration

Soy


Rice/Soy


Soy

Soy

Soy

Soy/Deforestation

Soy/Regeneration

Soy/Pastures

Deforestation/Soy

Regeneration

Soy/Regeneration


Reforestation

Soy

Corn

Soy/Rice

Soy/Pastures

Soy

Deforestation

Deforestation/Soy

Pastures

Soy/Regeneration/Rice

Soy

Soy

Soy/Reforestation

Soy

Regeneration/Soy



Deforestation/Soy

Deforestation/Rice

Deforestation

Deforestation/Soy

19


2829

304

1689

1811

1854

2016

2125

273

1001

1004

2900

3329

3333

3117

989

1206

1222

1840

1851

2112

2121

878

882

911

48

57

70

901

953

1003

1062

1088

1118

1241

1276

1291

1339

1351

1480

1550

778

30.92

95.06

2,482.34

186.20

37.96

48.45

113.55

70.67

30.71

126.88

30.85

25.55

26.44

93.60

126.81

28.46

112.63

423.86

132.76

105.43

41.85

40.82

44.38

27.83

222.37

45.23

1,456.57

123.86

635.26

34.13

201.28

64.06

204.37

283.87

231.41

142.31

1,104.70

26.53

53.87

714.52

37.59

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

Itaúba

Itanhangá

Itanhangá

Itanhangá

Itanhangá

Itanhangá

Itanhangá

Lucas do Rio Verde

Lucas do Rio Verde

Lucas do Rio Verde

Marcelândia

Matupá

Matupá

Nova Canaã do Norte

Nova Maringá

Nova Maringá

Nova Maringá

Nova Maringá

Nova Maringá

Nova Maringá

Nova Maringá

Nova Mutum

Nova Mutum

Nova Mutum

Nova Ubiratã

Nova Ubiratã

Nova Ubiratã

Nova Ubiratã

Nova Ubiratã

Nova Ubiratã

Nova Ubiratã

Nova Ubiratã

Nova Ubiratã

Nova Ubiratã

Nova Ubiratã

Nova Ubiratã

Nova Ubiratã

Nova Ubiratã

Nova Ubiratã

Nova Ubiratã

Paranatinga

Pastures/Soy

Soy


Rice

Soy

Corn

Deforestation/Soy

Deforestation/Soy/Pastures

Soy/Pastures/Regeneration

Deforestation

Pastures

Soy

Deforestation/Soy

Deforestation

Soy

Soy

Deforestation/Soy/Corn

Deforestation/Soy

Soy

Soy

Soy

Deforestation/Soy

Pastures

Soy

Rice/Soy

Soy/Regeneration


Soy

Soy/Deforestation

Soy

Rice/Regeneration/Soy

Pastures/Deforestation

Pastures

Deforestation/Soy

Soy

Soy

Deforestation/Soy

Soy

Soy

Soy/Deforestation

Soy/Deforestation

20


790

821

967

970

1097

332

2157

95

1065

1110

271

1201

1224

1262

1282

1302

1634

1812

318

1649

1650

1653

1690

1744

2126

2139

2155

2156

2165

2214

2215

2228

2230

2240

2249

2276

2285

2333

2354

323

1885

28.22

34.93

248.54

334.98

1,173.32

122.17

99.16

40.68

35.65

861.12

271.15

76.10

39.13

243.68

79.90

119.18

127.94

315.42

55.47

325.76

578.81

254.36

439.08

29.00

71.50

33.36

41.82

57.02

175.73

46.99

67.95

354.73

51.67

758.29

170.84

32.97

31.01

208.30

336.24

26.81

1,260.04

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

Paranatinga

Paranatinga

Paranatinga

Paranatinga

Paranatinga

Porto dos Gaúchos

Porto dos Gaúchos

Querência

Querência

Querência

Querência

Querência

Querência

Querência

Querência

Querência

Querência

Querência

Santa Carmem

Santa Carmem

Santa Carmem

Santa Carmem

Santa Carmem

Santa Carmem

Santa Carmem

Santa Carmem

Santa Carmem

Santa Carmem

Santa Carmem

Santa Carmem

Santa Carmem

Santa Carmem

Santa Carmem

Santa Carmem

Santa Carmem

Santa Carmem

Santa Carmem

Santa Carmem

Santa Carmem

Sinop

Sinop

Pastures

Regeneration

Rice/Soy

Deforestation/Rice

Deforestation/Rice

Soy/Regeneration

Soy

Soy

Deforestation

Corn/Pastures/Soy

Rice/Corn


Pastures

Soy/Deforestation

Soy

Soy

Deforestation

Soy

Soy


Regeneration/Soy

Soy/Deforestation/Regeneration

Soy

Soy/Deforestation

Deforestation/Pastures/Soy

Soy

Soy

Soy

Soy/Rice/Deforestation

Soy/Regeneration

Rice/Soy

Soy

Soy/Pastures

Soy

Rice

Rice

Pastures

Rice

Deforestation/Rice

Corn/Soy

Deforestation/Soy

21


2368

2375

2425

2454

2458

2461

2473

2519

2535

2747

2770

1049

2206

338

352

2550

2695

1887

1274

1283

1361

1393

1525

1572

1773

294

2288

2305

2323

2376

2434

2467

2475

1328

1342

1581

1732

1752

1897

2063

584

586

40.03

129.41

26.48

133.60

123.43

52.86

58.36

25.84

736.61

605.65

457.27

50.53

135.40

25.80

562.37

32.81

34.21

727.98

28.49

51.70

120.33

42.77

118.89

33.01

285.90

637.01

77.12

57.86

35.44

47.99

30.66

142.73

111.66

27.66

25.72

172.57

74.42

84.77

144.44

34.83

26.48

25.60

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

MT

Sinop

Sinop

Sinop

Sinop

Sinop

Sinop

Sinop

São Félix do Araguaia




São José do Rio Claro

Sorriso

Tabaporã

Tabaporã

Tabaporã

Tabaporã

Tabaporã

Tapurah

Tapurah

Tapurah

Tapurah

Tapurah

Tapurah

Tapurah

União do Sul

União do Sul

União do Sul

União do Sul

União do Sul

União do Sul

União do Sul

União do Sul

Vera

Vera

Vera

Vera

Vera

Vera

Vera

Vila Bela da St. Trindade

Vila Bela da St. Trindade

Soy/Regeneration

Soy

Soy

Soy

Pastures/Soy

Pastures

Soy/Pastures

Soy

Soy/Deforestation


Deforestation

Soy

Soy

Pastures/Regeneration

Pastures/Soy

Soy

Soy

Corn/Soy/Rice

Pastures

Pastures/Deforestation

Soy/Deforestation

Soy

Pastures/Soy/Regeneration

Deforestation

Rice

Soy/Pastures

Rice

Rice

Soy

Soy


Soy/Pastures/Deforestation

Soy

Soy

Soy


Deforestation/Rice

Soy/Pastures

Rice/Soy

Soy

Soy

Soy

22 23


3255

434

4413

415

416

4263

4266

4272

4282

2007

2010

2736

139

226

1951

1952

1953

1965

1966

1967

2012

2735

3925

3929

3935

3936

3938

3941

3948

3962

3978

3980

3981

3992

4001

4009

4037

4213

4214

4293

4255

43.82

39.07

29.79

29.23

32.07

77.69

64.45

47.83

82.92

188.49

94.24

134.68

55.73

112.53

416.50

274.54

527.90

225.96

303.58

41.46

290.05

456.20

32.15

39.61

63.64

150.26

27.57

286.33

78.73

25.85

162.44

83.50

45.51

442.73

109.73

58.72

25.74

60.05

73.28

162.14

41.71

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

Belterra

Belterra

Belterra

Belterra

Belterra

Belterra

Belterra

Belterra

Belterra

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Dom Eliseu

Paragominas

Paragominas

Paragominas

Paragominas


Deforestation/Soy

Regeneration/Deforestation/Soy

Rice

Deforestation

Soy/Deforestation


Soy/Deforestation

Rice

Deforestation

Soy/Corn/Deforestation

Rice/Deforestation

Soy/Deforestation

Pastures/Soy/Corn



Soy/Deforestation

Pastures/Regeneration/Corn

Corn/Soy/Deforestation

Soy

Deforestation/Soy/Corn

Deforestation/Corn

Soy

Corn

Reforestation/Deforestation

Soy/Regeneration

Soy

Deforestation/Soy

Reforestation

Pastures/Corn

Soy/Deforestation

Deforestation/Soy

Soy/Deforestation


Soy/Deforestation

Soy

Regeneration/Corn

Deforestation

Deforestation

Rice

Deforestation/Corn

8.2. Polygons flown over in the state of Pará (PA)

22 23


3034

3073

3160

3171

4186

4187

4248

4252

4398

4353

4436

4067

395

2759

2862

2896

4102

4163

4170

4175

4176

4178

4179

4180

60.75

137.25

64.48

430.72

62.01

343.39

106.87

117.76

174.36

114.38

30.82

42.05

143.74

232.56

307.78

420.81

101.45

84.87

77.47

25.09

45.73

286.82

64.96

163.00

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

PA

Paragominas

Paragominas

Paragominas

Paragominas

Paragominas

Paragominas

Paragominas

Paragominas

Paragominas

Santarém

Santarém

Ulianópolis

Ulianópolis

Ulianópolis

Ulianópolis

Ulianópolis

Ulianópolis

Ulianópolis

Ulianópolis

Ulianópolis

Ulianópolis

Ulianópolis

Ulianópolis

Ulianópolis

Corn


Regeneration/Corn

Corn/Regeneration

Corn

Soy

Corn

Corn/Soy

Corn/Regeneration

Rice/Deforestation

Soy

Regeneration

Rice/Deforestation


Deforestation/Soy


Corn

Soy

Corn/Deforestation

Corn

Corn

Rice/Deforestation

Corn/Deforestation/Rice

Pastures/Deforestation/Soy

8.3. Polygons flown over in the state of Rondônia (RO)


888

1103

998

1010

390.26

633.34

46,59

39,27

RO

RO

RO

RO

Pimenteiras do Oeste

Pimenteiras do Oeste

Vilhena

Vilhena

Soy/Deforestation

Soy/Deforestation

Rice/Deforestation

Rice/Deforestation

GTS SOY TASK FORCE

Documents

SOY MORATORIUM - Abiove · 3 The Soy Moratorium in the Amazon Biome, which represents 49% of the country’s territory and has over 20 million inhabitants, was signed on July 24,