INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION (ISTA) www.seedtest.org
Seed Storage Committee (STO)(STO)
Annual report 2008‐09p
Chairman: Hugh W PritchardChairman: Hugh W Pritchard
Vice‐Chairman: David Mycock
P d STO M b F bi G iPresenter and STO Member: Fabio Gorian
INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION (ISTA) www.seedtest.org
STO membersChair: Pritchard Hugh W. United KingdomVice-hair: Mycock David John Republic of South Africa
Members: Berjack Patricia Republic of South AfricaMembers: Berjack Patricia Republic of South Africa
Blanco Prieto Reyes Spain
De La Cuadra Celia Spain
M ti I S iMartin Isaura Spain
Gonzalez-Benito Spain
Gorian Fabio Italy
Leon-Lobos Pedro Chile
Petro Msanga Tanzania
Sacande Moctar United Kingdom
Sershen Republic of South Africa
Ajavi S.Adesola Nigeria
Ashmore Sarah Australia
Kossman Isolde Ferraz Brasile
Yang Xiang-yun China
INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION (ISTA) www.seedtest.org
Seed Storage Committee: 2007‐10Objectives Science topics Members (new)
O1: Enhancing
Characterising species of
X-Y. Yang - ChinaM. Sacande - UKI Ferraz BrazilO1: Enhancing
wet storage potential
species of economic importance: horticulture /
I. Ferraz - BrazilH. Pritchard - UKH. Msanga - TanzaniaP. Berjak - RSA
New
forestryS. Ajayi - NigeriaS. Ashmore - AustraliaE G B it S i
O2: Improving dry storage
methodologies: cryo / in vitro
E. G-Benito - SpainD. Mycock - RSAN. Sershen - RSAF. F.Gorian – Italy g
performance Manipulate pre-and post-storage responses:
F. Gorian – Italy R. Blanco - Spain
ultradry / long-term store/ health
pP. Leon-lobos - ChileC. Cuadra - SpainI. Martin - Spain
INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION (ISTA) www.seedtest.org
Progress against targets 2007‐10 Output 1: Enhancing wet storage potential
1A: Species characterisation:Target: > 100 economic species characterised g pas orthodox or non‐orthodox (seed physiology).
Citrus australis, Gympie Lime
• Sarah Ashmore et al [Australia]; 13 rainforest species screened for germination after dehydration, including Citrus (4 species, orthodox), S i (5 i th d ) d 4 th i
, y p
Syzygium (5 species, non-orthodox) and 4 other species.
• Moctar Sacande [UK] and collaborators in Mali, Madagascar and Burkina Faso: 15 dryland trees screened for dry storability including DalbergiaFaso: 15 dryland trees screened for dry storability, including Dalbergia monticola, Entandrophragma sp. and Terminalia sp.
• Patricia Berjak and Sershen [RSA]: 3 indigenous monocots screened,Patricia Berjak and Sershen [RSA]: 3 indigenous monocots screened, revealing Haemanthus (2 sp.) seed to be desiccation-intolerant and Crocosmia aurea seed to be -tolerant
INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION (ISTA) www.seedtest.org
Progress against targets 2007‐10 Output 1: Enhancing wet storage potential
1A: Species characterisation:Target: > 100 economic species characterised as orthodox or non‐orthodox (seedas orthodox or non‐orthodox (seed physiology).
1A Summary (07-09): 103 / 100 species investigated =1A Summary (07 09): 103 / 100 species investigated
TRIENNIUM TARGET ACHIEVED
INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION (ISTA) www.seedtest.org
Progress against targets 2007‐10 Output 1: Enhancing wet storage potential
1B: New methodologies: cryo / in vitro
Target: > 5 species cryopreservation methods
produced (including seed cryobiology) Fludioxonil (phenyl pyrrole)
• Patricia Berjak, Sershen and David Mycock [RSA]: found systemic fungicides (including fludioxonil)
(phenyl pyrrole)
minimised mycoflora on recalcitrant seeds; have explored programmed cell death in axillary buds of Eucalyptus and reactive oxygen species in excised
b d hi d ti fembryo axes; and achieved cryopreservation for
meristems of recalcitrant-seeded Trichilia emetica.
1B Summary (07-09) : > 17 / 5 species investigated =
TRIENNIUM TARGET ACHIEVED
INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION (ISTA) www.seedtest.org
P i t t t 2007 10Progress against targets 2007‐10 Output 2: Enhancing dry storage potential
2A: New methodologies: cryo / in vitroTarget: Somatic embryogenesis resolved for 2 species (seed biotechnology to enable dryspecies (seed biotechnology to enable dry
storage of embryos)
• No progress on somatic embryogenesis in p g y g2008-09.
• Sarah Ashmore et al [Australia] and Elena Gonzalez-Benito et al [Spain] cryopreserved orthodox / dry seeds of 21 species (7 cactus species, 4 Australian Carica papayaCitrus, 8 Spanish endemics, Davidsonia pruriens and Carica papaya).
2A Summary (2007 09): 2 / 2 species investigated =2A Summary (2007-09): 2 / 2 species investigated =
TRIENNIUM TARGET ACHIEVED
INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION (ISTA) www.seedtest.org
FORESTRY SEED CRYOPRESERVATION
Seed banks
Seed stand
A complementary approach (notalternative) to traditional conservation inseed banks and clonal collections Inseed banks and clonal collections. Incombination with them, the risk of plantgenetic erosion is riduced to a minimum.
INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION (ISTA) www.seedtest.org
FORESTRY SEED CRYOPRESERVATION
Abies sigla vitali non vitali vani totale %vitalità
(Gorian, F, Lambardi, M.)
Abies albaAbies sigla vitali non vitali vani totale %vitalità
ctrl ctrl 4 12 4 20 2015 A40CV 3 7 10 20 1516 ARTCV 4 7 9 20 2017 A40AL 3 10 7 20 15
Pinus cembra18 ARTAL 5 10 5 20 25
Pinus sigla vitali non vitali vani totale %vitalitàctrl ctrl 20 0 0 20 1001 CN40CV 8 0 0 8 1001 CN40CV 8 0 0 8 1002 CNRTCV 8 0 0 8 1003 CV40CV 8 0 0 8 1004 CVRTCV 8 0 0 8 1005 CN40AL 7 3 0 10 70
Fag s s l atica F i l it li it li i t t l % it lità
6 CNRTAL 7 3 0 10 707 CV40AL 7 3 0 10 708 CVRTAL 7 3 0 10 70
Fagus sylvatica Fagus sigla vitali non vitali vani totale %vitalitàctrl ctrl 20 0 0 20 1009 FN40CV 8 0 0 8 10010 FNRTCV 8 0 0 8 10011 FN40AL 11 1 0 12 9211 FN40AL 11 1 0 12 9212 FNRTAL 12 0 0 12 10013 FV40AL 9 3 0 12 7514 FVRTAL 11 1 0 12 92
INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION (ISTA) www.seedtest.org
P i t t t 2007 10Progress against targets 2007‐10 Output 2: Enhancing dry storage potential
i l d2B: Manipulate pre‐ and post‐storage responses: ultradry / long‐term / healthTarget: > 70 species long term storage data reviewedTarget: > 70 species long‐term storage data reviewed
(seed ‘banking’)
• Celia de la Cuadra and Isaura Martín [Spain]: showed moisture permeation• Celia de la Cuadra and Isaura Martín [Spain]: showed moisture permeation into about 10% of glass storage containers, but not into cans, after one or two decades of storage.Moctar Sacande [UK] and collaborators in Burkina Faso: assessed seed• Moctar Sacande [UK] and collaborators in Burkina Faso: assessed seed germination in 23 populations of Parkia biglobosa seeds after storage at 4°C
for up to 20 years.p y• Dave Mycock [RSA]): Successful cryo-storage of Protea roupelliae for 12
months and reintroduction into the botanic garden2B Summary: > 89 / 70 species investigated =
TRIENNIUM TARGET ACHIEVED
INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION (ISTA) www.seedtest.org
Progress against targets 2007‐10 Output 2: Enhancing dry storage potential
2C: Manipulate pre‐ and post‐storage responses: ultradry / long term /responses: ultradry / long‐term / healthTarget: Risks of ultradrying assessed on 10 species g y g p
(seed biophysics)
• Elena Gonzalez-Benito et al [Spain]: Reported high viability after ultra-dry,Elena Gonzalez Benito et al [Spain]: Reported high viability after ultra dry, cold storage of 37 species after almost 40 years.
• Celia de la Cuadra and Isaura Martin [Spain]: started an experiment on• Celia de la Cuadra and Isaura Martin [Spain]: started an experiment on storage of ultra-dry seeds of 9 species, and revealed no effects of the drying per se.
2C Summary: 38 / 10 species investigated for long term survival including ultra-dry = TRIENNIUM TARGET ACHIEVED
INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION (ISTA) www.seedtest.org
P i 2007 10Progress against targets 2007‐10 Output 2: Enhancing dry storage potential
2D: Manipulate pre‐ and post‐storage responses: ultradry / long term / healthresponses: ultradry / long‐term / healthTarget: Thermotherapy applied to 5 species (seed
health)health)
• Celia de la Cuadra and Isaura Martin [Spain]): Phaseolus vulgaris seeds have been treated at temperatures from 40 to 70°C and seed quality
assessedassessed.
2D Summary: 1 / 5 species investigated2D Summary: 1 / 5 species investigated
= TRIENNIUM TARGET NOT ACHIEVED
INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION (ISTA) www.seedtest.org
M i l tM i l t d td t ttM i l tM i l t d td t ttManipulate preManipulate pre-- and postand post--storage responses: storage responses: ultra dry ultra dry -- ultra wet in ultra wet in Larix decidua Larix decidua seedsseedsManipulate preManipulate pre-- and postand post--storage responses: storage responses: ultra dry ultra dry -- ultra wet in ultra wet in Larix decidua Larix decidua seedsseeds
95
100LARIX DECIDUA GERMINATION TEST
RH = 10 %
RH < 4 %
RH = 10 %
RH = 10 %RH = 10 %
RH = 10 %
RH < 4 %
RH < 4 %RH < 4 %
RH < 4 %
RH > 15 %RH > 15 %
RH > 15 %RH > 15 %
85
90
95
GS
RH < 4 %
RH > 15 %
RH 10 %
75
80
SEED
LIN
65
70
NO
RM
AL
55
60%
501 2 3 4
DURATION OF TREATMENTS0 gg 30 60 90
INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION (ISTA) www.seedtest.org
P i t t t 2007 10Progress against targets 2007-10 Output 3: Communications / dissemination
3A & B: Organise sponsored workshops
Target: 2 workshops
Target: 2 workshops
23‐25 Sept 2008 ‐ Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Wakehurst Place, UK
International Tree
F d tiFoundation
Organised by Hugh W. Pritchard (Chair STO), Kate Hardwick and Matt Daws (Moisture Committee) and attended by 43 scientists from 12 countries
INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION (ISTA) www.seedtest.org
P i 2007 10Progress against targets 2007‐10 Output 3: Communications / dissemination
3C: Write / edit bookTarget: Write book on seed viability (30 years since ‘Viability of Seeds’ by Eric
Roberts) subject to finding established authors, funding and publisher.
3C Summary: = NO PROGRESS except expression of interest to contribute by some STO members.
3D: Data gatherTarget: Design, distribute and analyse questionnaire on seed storage g g , y q g
needs, capacity, and capability in ISTA labs.
3D Summary (07-09): = TARGET NOT ACHIEVED
INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION (ISTA) www.seedtest.org
P i 2007 10Progress against targets 2007‐10 Output 3: Communications / dissemination
3E: Produce GuidelinesTarget: Draw up guidelines on seed storage for possible incorporation into the ‘rules’rules .
• Sarah Ashmore et al [Australia]: Revision and publication (due 2009) of the “Germplasm Conservation Guidelines for Australia” underway includingGermplasm Conservation Guidelines for Australia underway, including chapters on seed storage and cryopreservation.
• Patricia Berjak and Sershen [RSA]: developed proposal on “Enhancing• Patricia Berjak and Sershen [RSA]: developed proposal on Enhancing capabilities of conservation and utilisation of plant genetic resources in the SADC region”
• Hugh W. Pritchard [UK]: review article on seed storage for SS&T in the planning stage
• 3E Summary (07-09): = varioius guidelines on seed storage and cryopreservation produced. TRIENNIUM TARGET ACHIEVED
INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION (ISTA) www.seedtest.org
P b STO bPapers by STO members
Peer-reviewed papers and book chapters
2007-08 = 20
2008-09 = 19
INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION (ISTA) www.seedtest.org
Verona Verona 20102010, September , September 99‐‐1212European Forestry Seed Kiln CongressEuropean Forestry Seed Kiln CongressEuropean Forestry Seed Kiln CongressEuropean Forestry Seed Kiln Congress
Climate change and tree species selectionClimate change and tree species selection
S d ll tiS d ll tiSeed collectionSeed collection
Seed productionSeed productionSeed productionSeed production
Seed testingSeed testing
Seed conservationSeed conservation
Seed tradeSeed trade
INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION (ISTA) www.seedtest.org
Thank !Thankyou!