9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
RusaudGood Practices and Results of the Finnish
Energy Audit Programmes
Energy Auditing of District Heating SystemsEnergy Audit training Day 9.11.09
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
CONTENT
District Heating Energy Audit Models
Data collection and site inspection
District heating, in general
Differences between the Nordic system and Russian system
Measurements that should be implemented
Analyses and report writing
Typical results
Results from Finland
Corresponding results from Russia
Discussion
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
District Heating Energy Audit ModelsA. Energy audit of the whole DH system and all energy production
plants that are connected to it (audit to be based on models 1&2)
B. Energy audit of the DH network and peak and spare boiler plants (audit to be based on model 1)
When base load plants are CHP-plants and belonging to the Energy Sector Saving Agreement, or
Heat is not produced by the DH Company, but purchased
C. B + system optimization (audit to be based on model 1)Provided that annually sold heat > 16 GWh
1. Energy Audit Model for District Heating Sector (Motiva/SKY ry. 2002, author Electrowatt-Ekono Oy/Pöyry Energy Oy)
2. Power Plant Energy Analysis model (Motiva/Finenergy ry. 2002, author Electrowatt-Ekono Oy/Pöyry Energy Oy)
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Energy Audit Report
Prehandlingof raw
materialSmelting
Tin-bath
Cooling Washingand
checking
Cuttingand
bundling
Continuedhandling
electr. water
soda
sandlime
Na2SO4
natural gas
electr.
O2
coolingwarter
combustion gas
electr.
N2H2
N2
cooling.air
coolingwater
waterelectr. electr.
a-powder
air Regen.
waste heatboiler
heating water
combustion gas
chruched aggregate
electr.
hot air
SO2electr.
natural gas
compr.air
stock
recycling material from clients
copr. air
natural gasDelivering
+ stock
compr. air
compr.air
compr. air
compressedair
coolingair
electr.
hotair
drying air heat
App.
6. Process5. Process
services4. Building
3. Consumption,costs2. Basic info
TABLE 1
Cons.now
Savingpot.
Invest.
Electr.
Fuels
Water
Total
0 1 2 3-4 5-
Savings€
1. Summary- text- tables 1,2- econ.prof.- Sankeydiagram
- processblock diagr.
Kauppa- ja teollisuusministeriöntukema energiakatselmushankeDNro: 333/954/93Päätöksen pvm 30.12.1993
J P - T A L O T E K N I I K K A
ENERGY ANALYSES REPORT
Company Ltd
Helsinki5.9.1999
Company Oy
Jaakko Pöyry Group
TABLE 2
Savingmeasur. 1Savingmeasur. 2
::
Savings€
Invest.€
Pay backperiod
Total
PL 27, 00131 HELSINKIPuh. 09 - 46911
Fax. 09 - 4691 311
17730 [kW]
10620 [kW]
6900 [kW]
4000 [kW]
3600 [kW]
2600 [kW]
1630 [kW]
1400 [kW]
1380 [kW]
1320 [kW]
1300 [kW]
1220 [kW]
1110 [kW]
550 [kW]
530 [kW]
520 [kW]
260 [kW]
220 [kW]
220 [kW] 200 [kW]190 [kW]
30 [kW]
50 [kW]
80 [kW] 65 [kW]
Melting
Float bath
Air coolingLighting
Raw material
Nitrogen factory
Natural gas
Water cooling
Heat recovery boiler
Heat recovery
Direct process removals
Compressed air
Oxygen burner
Room
Other
Lehr
Electricity
Ventilation
3165 [kW]
preprocessing
Prehandlingof raw
materialSmelting
Tin-bath
Cooling Washingand
checking
Cuttingand
bundling
Continuedhandling
electr. water
soda
sandlime
Na2SO4
natural gas
electr.
O2
coolingwarter
combustion gas
electr.
N2H2
N2
cooling.air
coolingwater
waterelectr. electr.
a-powder
air Regen.
waste heatboiler
heating water
combustion gas
chruched aggregate
electr.
hot air
SO2electr.
natural gas
compr.air
stock
recycling material from clients
copr. air
natural gasDelivering
+ stock
compr. air
compr.air
compr. air
compressedair
coolingair
electr.
hotair
drying air heat
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
TAULUKKO 2YHTEENVETO ENERGIANSÄÄSTÖTOIMENPITEISTÄ
Paataulun CO2-versio 1.0 16.5.2003
TOIMENPITEEN SÄÄSTÖ TMA INVES- CO 2 SÄÄSTÖ SÄÄSTÖ SÄÄSTÖ
KUVAUS YHTEENSÄ TOINTI VÄHENEMÄ LÄMPÖ SÄHKÖ VESIYHTEENSÄ energia CO 2 kustannukset energia CO 2 kustannukset vesi kustan-
energia muut energia muut nuksetno EUR/a a EUR t MWh/a t EUR/a EUR/a MWh/a t EUR/a EUR/a m3/a EUR/a12
3456789
10
11121314151617181920212223242526
YHTEENSÄ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Energy saving measure Saving Investment
Saving Potential
Heat Electricity Water
CO2 emission reduction
Total
Pay-backperiod
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Example: Energy Balance as a Sankey Diagram
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Audit report content
3 Basic Information3.1 Presentation Of The Company/Business Unit3.2 District Heating Activity Of The Company/Business Unit3.3 Organisation Of The Company/Business Unit3.4 Energy Consumption Of The Company/Business Unit3.5 Production And Acquisition Of Heat3.6 District Heating Customers3.7 District/Local Heating Networks3.8 Parameters Of The Entire Operation Of The Company/Business Unit
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Audit report content
4 Conservation Possibilities In Production And Acquisition Of Heat4.1 Heating Plant 1
4.1.1 Comparison Of Parameters4.1.2 Profitability Of The Conservation Measures
4.2 Heating Plant Using Domestic (Renewable) Fuel4.3 Heating Plants Using Light Or Heavy Fuel Oil4.4 Heating Plants Using Natural Gas4.5 Purchasing Of Heat4.6 Other Heat Production Methods4.7 Efficiency Of Running The District Heating System (System Optimisation)
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Audit report content
5 Efficiency Measurements5.1 Measuring Methods And Description Of The Measurements
5.1.1 Method 15.1.2 Method 2
5.2 Results Of The Measurements5.2.1 Heating Plant 15.2.2 Heating Plant 2
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Audit report content
6 Conservation Possibilities In The District Heating Networks6.1 Pumping Of The District Heating Water6.2 Heat Losses Of The District Heating Network6.3 Reduction Of The Consumption Of Additional Water6.4 Reconstruction Of The Existing Network
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Audit report content
7 Customer-Specific Conservation Possibilities7.1 Conservation Achieved Through Energy And Equipment Audits7.2 Conservation Achieved Through Monitoring Of Cooling7.3 Maintenance Of Energy Meters7.4 Training And Advisory Activities7.4.1 Energy Consumption Monitoring Reports7.4.2 Operation Training7.4.3 Energy Conservation Related Training7.4.4 Consumption control7.5 Developing district heat pricing to motivate conservation
8 Other Conservation Opportunities
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
CHP Plant
BuildingBuildingBuildingBuilding
BuildingBuilding
Boiler plant
BuildingBuilding
BuildingBuilding
BuildingBuilding
BuildingBuilding
BuildingBuilding
BuildingBuilding
BuildingBuilding
BuildingBuilding
Boiler plantHOB
SubstationsOwned and operated by the
Client
Heat transmission and distribution 120/70 °C operated by Energy Co.
HOB Plant
Heat metering and building level substations
Heat productionOperated by Energy Co.
Heat productionOperated by Energy Co.
Heat productionOperated by Energy Co.
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Scheme of a Typical Russian Large Integrated DH System
CHP plant
Heat production
Building
Building
Building
Building
Heat transmission (primary) network 130 (150) /70 °C, hot water
Group substations
Secondary network Heat distribution 90/70 °C
Building
Building
Building
Building
Domestic hot water (DHW) supply
Heat exchangers for - space heating - DHW Possible Heat exchanger for - space heating
Heat only boiler plant
Heat production
Industrial Customer
Building Building
Secondary network Heat distribution 90/70 °C
Industrial Steam Consumer
Industrial Steam Consumer
Steam supply
This scheme represents the typical Russian large integrated DH systemThis systems allow for high utilization of CHP
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Key advantages of District Heating
To Consumer• Small space requirement and safe operation• Easy to control and operate• Affordable cost and long term price stability
To Utility and Environment• Flexibility for fuel changes, possibility to
optimise fuel mix• Low emissions• District Heating is together with Combined Heat
and Power the most energy efficient way of heating
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
District Heating – a Clean and Economical Solution
• A district heating (DH) system supplies buildings with centrally generated heat.
• Centralised heat production enables the use of the most economical and environmentally benign fuel and manner of production.
• Combined heat and power (CHP)production utilises the maximumamount of useful energy from the fuel burned.
Losses
Losses
Cogeneration Separategeneration
HeatDemand
PowerDemand
Combined-cycleCHP plant
Heat-onlyBoiler plant
Combined-cyclecondensingpower plant
Primary energysaving in cogeneration
= 135 – 100100
%= 35%
= 135%
100
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Breakdown of Production Costs
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Typical production costs of district heating by fuels in Finland
Typical cost balance of heat generation
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Natural gas Oil Peat Wood Natural gas120 MWe
Coal 68 MWe Peat 62 MWe Wood 62 MWeCos
ts, E
UR
/MW
hhea
t
Fuel costs excl. taxExcise taxCO2-emission allow ancesCapital costsO&MValue of pow er+subsidyTotal production costs of heat
CHP, 120 MWtHOBs, 30 MWt
Two-component tariff structure for consumer
Capacity charge (€/MW)fixed costsconnected load
Energy charge (€/MWh)variable costsenergy consumption, MWhequal costs component 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000wages
operation costs
amortization
financial costs
fuel
electric energy
maintenance variable costs
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Responsibilities of Different Operators in DH System
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Types of Heat Suppliers
• Heating companies owned by municipalities• Normally, administrative management of these types
of heating enterprises is mainly assumed by the local public utility or construction administration.
• These types of suppliers typically procure their heat supply from large scale CHPs or HOBs
• Heating companies owned by big enterprises and development companies
• This category typically owns regional HOB and networks. Such companies are not usually financially supported by the municipality.
• In a region or city, there could by over 100 such heat suppliers
• Heating agencies under ancillary departments of various organizations (i.e. hospitals, schools, etc.) are usually very small and thus belong to the decentralized small boiler category
• Being related to the economic status of the institutions and not to the heating enterprise itself, the heating quality is usually relatively low
• Numerous such producers in each region or city
• The typical case in this category of heating company is that a building developer, or a group of building developers together, owns the buildings and the heating systems in connection to these buildings.
• These types of DH companies typically buy their heat from a small scale HOBs
• Numerous such producers in each region or city
Type 1. A heating company Type 1.B heating company
Type 2. Ancillary service Type 3: Non-governmental developer
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Ownership of Heating Assets
Management of Heating Assets per Type of DH Company
Transmission ConsumerCHP HOB DSB Assets Substation for CHP Secondary Network Installation
Type 1A OwnershipOperation
Type 1 B OwnershipOperation
Type 2 OwnershipOperation
Type 3 OwnershipOperation
OwnMay own
OperateMay Operate
Production Assets Distribution Assets
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Major Differences Between Finnish and Eastern European DH Systems
2. The systems are constructed and operated based on sound economical criteria
2. The systems are not always constructed and operated based on sound economical criteria
1. General status of DHDH is good business for the owners of
DH companiesSource of income for municipalities and
other ownersSignificant public interest -> operations
well recorded and data availableInvoicing based on real consumptionClear property rights and responsibilities
1. General status of DH DH companies subsidized by
municipalities and/or the stateTraditionally a part of social securityLow public interest -> partially operations
poorly recorded and limited amount of data available
Invoicing based on norms and standardsDistribution of property rights and
responsibilities is not clear
Modern / Nordic DH systemEastern European DH system
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Major Differences Between Finnish and Eastern European DH Systems
4. DH is competitive against other heating methods in terms of price and quality
4. DH has problems in open competition against other heating methods in terms of price and especially quality
3. Consumer driven (Variable flow ) schemeSatisfied clientsNeed to economic O&MAttracts new customer of DHEnsures continuous cash flows
3. Production driven (constant flow) schemeNon satisfied clients Poor reputation of DH Inefficient O&M
Modern / Nordic DH systemEastern European DH system
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Major Differences Between Finnish and Eastern European DH Systems, Heat production
Higher annual production efficiency 86%-92% (depends on fuel)
Low annual production efficiency of old production facilities 40%-80% depending on fuel and type of boiler or plant. New large scale production plants have relatively good annual production efficiencies
CHP, bio-fuels and industrial “waste”heat widely utilized for DH
CHP capacity not fully utilized
DH systems normally supplied by large CHP plants and/or boiler plants
Systems with coal/gas/oil fired small scale block boilers widely applied to supply relatively small DH systems
Modern / Nordic DH systemEastern European DH system
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Major Differences Between Finnish and Eastern European DH Systems, Heat production
Design temperature of DH water is 120 °C (typically max 115 °C is applied in operation)
Original design supply temperature 150 °C according to Soviet / Eastern European criteria, but today no more than 130-135 °C is fed to DH networks
Flue gas cleaning arranged even for the smaller production units
Flue gas cleaning on unsatisfactory level at small scale production units
Satisfactory water quality due to proper water treatment equipment
Due to non-appropriate water treatment equipment and quality program at production plants water quality is not always on the satisfactory level -> risk to corrosion and other problem
Modern / Nordic DH systemEastern European DH system
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Major Differences Between Finnish and Eastern European DH Systems, Heat transmission and distribution
Due to heat exchangers for space heating all buildings hydraulically separated from primary network
All buildings not hydraulically separated from secondary or even primary network
DHW always prepared through DH for residential customers
DHW not always prepared through DH for residential buildings
No group substations, but building level compact substations with heat exchangers for space heating and domestic hot water (DHW)
In case of larger systems group substations for space heating with or without heat exchangers
Primary networks, no large secondary networks
Large secondary networks beyond group substations
Modern / Nordic DH systemEastern European DH system
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Major Differences Between Finnish and Eastern European DH Systems, Heat transmission and distribution
Clear property rights and responsibilities Distribution of property rights and responsibilities related to secondary networks and consumer installations is not clear
Heat meters exist -> invoicing based on measures consumption
Heat metering not widely applied -> invoicing based on floor area and norms & standards
Modern / Nordic DH systemEastern European DH system
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Major Differences Between Finnish and Eastern European DH Systems, Heat transmission and distribution (continued)
Annual heat losses vary from 5% to 13% in average
High annual total (primary + secondary) thermal heat losses (25%- 50%, or even more ). Heat losses are caused by leaks, improper or wet insulation, too large pipe diameters in respect of the heat load and insufficient quality of piping material and installations.
Leaks: In average total volume of DH water changes once a year, which is annual make-up water demand
Leaks: Average annual make-up water demand of Eastern European DH systems is high e,g. 8 – 30 (or even more) times of total water volume in DH network
Modern / Nordic DH systemEastern European DH system
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Major Differences Between Finnish and Eastern European DH Systems, Heat transmission and distribution (continued)
There are no large secondary networks in modern Nordic systems
Please note: Technical condition of secondary network is much worse than primary network
Modern Nordic DH networks (and consumer ) are designed and operated according to sound economic criteria by using standardized, commercially and technically proven technology. DH companies, heat producers, heat consumers and, to some extent, governmental authorities strictly control and supervise the quality of equipment and installation works
In Eastern Europe DH networks (and consumer installations, too) are not always constructed and operated based on sound economic criteria, and over-dimensioning of the main components of the DH system is common. Additionally, quality of the equipment and their installation varies and is not always up to a satisfactory level.
Modern / Nordic DH systemEastern European DH system
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
•Only one plant controls pressure difference and heat output. The other plant(s) shall be on fixed (MW, Gcal/h, m3/h) output mode
p of controlling plant is based on the p monitored from the network •All plants shall be provided with speed controlled DH pumps.•Enables maximal utilisation of CHP capacity
Preliminary ideas for reconstruction investments
Operation of two or more plants in the integrated DH network
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Example: heat accumulator
With accumulatorWithout accumulator
Fuel100
Powernet37
Heat
36
Los-ses14
Fuel100
Motor
Powernet43
Heat
41
Los-ses16
Losses< 0.1
Accu.
To accumulator
5Heat
11
13
Motor
87HOB
Heat0
HOB
Losses2
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Efficiency and production of 13 HOBs
HOB Combustion and calculated annual plant efficiency, year 1998
50 %
55 %
60 %
65 %
70 %
75 %
80 %
85 %
90 %
95 %
100 %
Name of HOB
Ann
ual P
lant
Effi
cien
cy
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
Calculated annual plant efficiency 83,1 % 81,0 % 75,7 % 79,3 % 72,5 % 71,1 % 86,0 % 77,6 % 82,0 % 81,5 % 61,8 % 69,9 % 69,7 % 79,4 % 76,2 %
Combustion efficiency 91,5 % 90,8 % 92,2 % 93,6 % 82,1 % 78,5 % 91,1 % 91,2 % 88,6 % 91,8 % 88,3 % 80,0 % 80,0 % 87,7 %
1998 Heat delivery 65023 27211 26265 108746 8787 1179 37789 19733 48952 16564 6275 11528 13816 391867 30144
9MR "Sormov
o"
Center " Sormov
o"
Quartal Engels
Pr. Sojuzny
Ivan Romano
ff st.
School No 52
Vodoprovodnaya
st.
Rekord Factory
Murashkinskaya
st.
17th Quartal
Bezrukova st.
Krasnich Sor st.
Gastello st. Total Average
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Energy Efficiency in Power Plants: Typical Saving Measure Areas
• Trimming of steam parameters (live steam, extraction and back-pressure steam, feed water tank pressure, feed water valve pressure difference, etc.)
• High and low-pressure pre-heater problems• Optimal operation of reduction stations and auxiliary condensers• Heat recovery to save steam or maximize power production• Preheating of fuels, air and make-up water to increase plant efficiency• Optimization of gas turbine operation• Changes in turbine extraction steams to produce more electricity• Optimization of boiler blow downs and soot blows• Energy savings of auxiliary equipment, such as pumps and fans• Replacing more expensive energy consumed with less expensive energy when
applicable (electricity replaced with steam, steam replaced with hot water, etc.)• Recycling exhaust water back to process
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Results of Selected Power Plant Energy Efficiency Analyses
16
12
12
14
7
25
13
24
20
26
Nr. of profitable saving measures
9 260023 7307030 2101 2901,8370PP10 (mu)
31 22014 45056 940-36055 7201 6101,11 150PP9 (mu)
10 590052 4402 400-4 4601 6401,31 270PP8 (in)
18 970021 56055018 7708900,91 020PP7 (in)
Not reported
0-2 84012013 0202100,6380PP6 (in)
Not reported
034 010500-6 4904401,3330PP5 (in)
-1904 950-9405905 4951100,7160PP4 (in)
4 730258 770-8 1001 47040 6601 5900,82 060PP3 (in)
38 21026 140129 3101 790-14 9104 1802,31 840PP2 (in)
-2 4609 070-35 03013 00062 7308 5603,42 500PP1 (in)
CO2reduction (t/a)
Water Savings (m3/a)
Savings in Fuels (MWh/a)
Electr. Saving (MWh/a)
Power gener. change (MWh/a)
Investment (k€)
Payback time (a)
Savings (k€/a)
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Case: Identifying a Saving Measure
• Client: Municipal District Heating Power Plant• Situation: Everything seems to be ok according to the power plant operation
monitoring system, no reason for further studies• Next step in analysing project: Heat and mass balance simulation model of the
process based on the turbine accuracy measurements• Problem: Balance calculations of the simulation model give different values than on-
line measurements• Further energy balance studies show that energy of the extraction steam is not
completely transferred to feed water Identification of a leakage in the drain
valve of a high-pressure pre-heater • Solution: Repairing of the drain valve
Power production increase 4 100 MWh/aFuel consumption increase 4 400 MWh/aNet income increase 52 000 €/a
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
General Quality Criteria for DH Operation in Finland (according Finnish District Heating Association)
Key figure and quality criteria
Quality level 1 2 3 4 5 6Exellent < 6 < 0.7 < 0.08 < 1 < 0.6 < 0.4Good 6-9 0.7-1.2 0.08-0.16 1-2 0.6-1.2 0.4-0.8Reasonable 9-12 1.2-1.7 0.16-0.24 2-3 1.2-1.8 0.8-1.2Weak > 12 > 1.7 > 0.24 > 3 > 1.8 > 1.2
Explenations:1 = Annual heat loss in heat distribution, %2 = Consumption of additional DH water / Total volume of DH network3 = Number of failures, pcs / km4 = Annual O&M cost / total pipe length, €/m5 = Average interruption time in heat delivery per customer, h/a (outside heating season 1.5-30.9)6 = Average interruption time in heat delivery per customer, h/a (within heating season 1.10-30.4)
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Benchmarking resultsEnergy consumption for DH Pumping and Network Heat Losses
10
20.8
10.2
17
0
5
10
15
20
25
Upps
ala
Oden
se
Klage
nfurt
Helsin
ki
Buda
pest
Bres
ciaBe
rlin
Lapp
eenra
nta
Sorm
ovsk
aya
Sorm
ovsk
aya,
targe
t
Cities
kWhe
l/MW
hth
%
Heat Losses (%) Pump energy kWhel/MWhth
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Technical Features of District HeatingAverage annual operational benchmarks of a modern (Finnish) DH systems as a function of size of system
2.61.881.661.651.250.970.98Connected load / Tot. network length, MW/km
5.918.275.827.786.937.7310.55
Electricity for heat transmission / produced heat, kWh/MWh
1.270.930.881.391.341.251.25Make-up water demand / total network volume
84.1 %83.5 %83.3 %81.4 %79.9 %77.5 %77.9 %Total annual efficiency, %
88.6 %91.6 %92.1 %90.3 %90.0 %87.5 %88.4 %Annual production and purchase efficiency, %
5.1 %8.8 %9.6 %9.9 %11.2 %11.4 %11.9 %Network heat losses ,%
L > 1000 MW
200 MW < L < 1000 MW
80 MW < L < 200 MW
30 MW < L < 80 MW
10 MW < L < 30 MW 5 MW < L < 10 MW
L < 5 MW
Size of the system in respect of the connected load (L)
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Example: pump energy
Value of additional cost for pumpingHeat density > 2.5 GWh/km, Cost of electricity 60 EUR/MWh
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
100 600 1100 1600 2100
Heat Supply, GWh/a
Val
ue o
f add
ition
al p
umpi
ng e
nerg
y, 1
000
EU
R/a
Specific pumping energy consumption0,8 %Specific pumping energy consumption0,7 %Specific pumping energy consumption0,6 %
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Example: Inverter to condensate pump after DH2 exchanger
• Present situation:– DH2 water level is controlled by throttling condensate flow– Pump is oversized for normal operation
• Suggestion:– Inverter to be installed for speed control of the pump motor
• Changes:– Via inverter the electricity consumption is lowered
• Investment:– Inverter, installation and some equipment (estimate 8 000 €)
• Annual savings potential: 5 000 €/a (in electricity)• Pay-pack period: 1,6 a• CO2 emission reduction:
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Actual cooling rates in DH-Net
Temperature Difference in the DH-Net, year 1998
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Toutdoor
delt
a T actual
graffik
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Transmission Networks
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 5 10 15 20Reduction of return temperature [K]
Rel
ativ
e ch
ange
heat lossespumping energy
Lower return temperatures –lower losses and pumping energy
• Constant flow and high temperature networks• Necessary replacement with pre-insulated pipelines • Lower temperatures - lower heat losses and reduction of energy for pumping.
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Environmental analysis
CO2 emissions
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
tons
Baseline Project
Benefits of the project
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
The cleanliness of Helsinki’s air has steadily improved, due to the change, beginning in the 1950’s, from individually heated buildings to the centralised district heating system now serving over 90% of the city’s structures.
Heat and power production in Helsinki is based on CHP.
An Example of Environmental Benefits of DH
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Illustrative examples between Eastern European and Nordic/modern DH pipelines
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Illustrative examples between Eastern European (left) and Nordic (right) DH consumer substations
9.11.2009 Pöyry Energy / DH / Olkinuora
Illustrative examples between Eastern European (left) and modern (right) DH heat production plants