12-130 | 1 11/24/2012
“Rotorcraft – Back to the Future” A Discussion of the Past, Present,
and Future of Rotorcraft
Technical University of Munich
June 27, 2011 Munich, Germany
Chief Engineer, Advanced Mobility Advanced Boeing Military Aircraft
Hal Rosenstein
Presented by:
Oris E. Davis, Jr.
Director, Southern Europe International Business Development (IBD)
Boeing Defense, Space & Security (BDS)
The Boeing Company Phone: +39-06-45217787
AIE Military Rotorcraft Conference
June 7, 2011 Washington, DC
AHS Dinner Presentation
March 8, 2011 Towne House Restaurant, Media, PA
Director, Advanced Mobility Advanced Boeing Military Aircraft
Steve Glusman
Presented at:
The National President of Associazione Arma Aeronautica (AAA), The Future of Rotary Wing Symposium at the Center for High Defence Studies,Palazzo Salviati, Piazza della Rovere 83, Rome, Italy November 22, 2012
Previously Presented:
12-130 | 2 11/24/2012
V/STOL Aircraft and Propulsion Concepts
We have done
it all before
Except for
helicopters,
only a handful
of V/STOL
concepts
have reached
production
12-130 | 3 11/24/2012
Competition Decreasing -- Derivative Modifications Increasing
Program Cancelled
COTS Commercial Off-The-Shelf
Technology Demonstrator or Prototype
*
1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s
Derivative Modifications
New Starts
Impact of increasing
cost and complexity
Impact of budget
constraints
CH-46D/F
CH-47B/C
CH-53D
CH-46E
CH-53E
CH-47D
OH-58D
UH-60L
MH-47E
MH-60K
CH-47F
UH-1Y
AH-1Z
AH-64D
VH-71A
ARH-70A
UH-72
MH-47G
AH-64B 3
UH-60M
CH-53K
CSAR-X
COTS
COTS
RAH-66
XC-142A
X-22
CH-46A
CH-47A
CH-53A
AH-1
AH-56
XH-59A
XV-15
AH-64A
UH-60A
XCH-62A V-22
*
*
*
*
12-130 | 4 11/24/2012
U.S. Jet Fighter vs. Rotorcraft Generations 1940s 1960
s 1980s 1990
s 2000s 2010s 1950s 1970s
2nd Gen Rotorcraft 3rd Gen Rotorcraft
Piston engine
Wood blades
Vc < 90kts
Turbine engine
Metal blades
Vc ~ 130 kts
Composite blades
Survivability
Adv. weapons integration
Vc ~ 150 kts
Higher speed
Fly-by-wire
Composites
Signature reduction
Vc > 170 kts
1st Gen Rotorcraft
1st Gen Fighters
2nd Gen Fighters
3rd Gen Fighters
4th Gen Fighters 5th Gen Fighters
Subsonic
Guns
No radar
Supersonic
Radar
Air-air missiles
Maneuverability
Adv. weapons integration
Maneuverability
Look down, shoot down capability
Stealth
Fly-by-wire
Net centric
Thrust vectoring
12-130 | 5 11/24/2012
50 Years of DoD Aviation Investment 1960 – 2010
RDT&E Procurement
45%
8%14%
17%
6%5% 3% 2%
Fighter/Attack
Bombers
Transports - FW
Other FW
Utility/Assault RW
Attack/Recon RW
Cargo RW
Other RW
83% / 17% investment split between fixed- and rotary-wing
$ 321 B (FY 2011 $)
44% 23% 7%
7% 6% 3%
1%
9%
$ 926 B (FY 2011 $)
45% 8% 14%
17%
6% 5% 3% 2%
12-130 | 6 11/24/2012
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
US Army Aviation S&T Investment
Technology Readiness Level (TRL) = 1 to 4
Downward trend in DoD rotorcraft investment over past 20 years!
Constant 2008 Dollars (Millions)
UH-60A Blackhawk and AH-64A Apache
Development
YRAH-66 Comanche Development
12-130 | 7 11/24/2012
A Look at Today There hasn’t been this much excitement
in the rotorcraft industry since the 1960’s
Piasecki X-49A SpeedHawk
(2007)
PIA
SEC
KI A
IRC
RA
FT C
OR
PO
RA
TIO
N
Sikorsky X2
Technology Demonstrator (2008)
SIK
OR
SKY
AIR
CR
AFT
Eurocopter X3
(2010)
EUR
OC
OP
TER
Boeing/DARPA
Disc Rotor
BO
EIN
G
12-130 | 8 11/24/2012
Sikorsky X2 Technology Demonstrator
(2008)
SIK
OR
SKY
AIR
CR
AFT
SI
KO
RSK
Y A
IRC
RA
FT
Sikorsky X2 Technology Demonstrator
(2008)
Have we made progress? A
VIA
TIO
N W
EEK
& S
PA
CE
TEC
HN
OLO
GY,
A
NU
AR
Y 2
9, 1
96
8
Sikorsky Light Anti-Submarine Attack Vehicle – LAAV Concept (1968)
Co-Axial Compound Helicopters
Sikorsky XH-59A Advancing Blade Concept (ABCTM) (1975)
SIK
OR
SKY
AIR
CR
AFT
Sikorsky LHX Concept (1982)
SIK
OR
SKY
AIR
CR
AFT
12-130 | 9 11/24/2012
Bell UH-1 Model 533 HPH III – 274.6 knots (316.0 mph) (1969)
EUR
OC
OP
TER
Eurocopter X3 – 180 knots (207 mph) (2010)
Have we made progress? Single Rotor Compound Helicopters
EUR
OC
OP
TER
Eurocopter X3 – 180 knots (207 mph) (2010)
12-130 | 10 11/24/2012
(2007)
Have we made progress? Piasecki Compound Helicopters with
the Vectored Thrust Ducted Propeller
PHOTOS: PIASECKI AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
Piasecki 16H-1 Pathfinder (1962)
Piasecki 16H-1A Pathfinder II (1966)
(2007)
12-130 | 11 11/24/2012
Chinook Compound Concept (1961) Unloaded Lift Offset Rotor – ULOR (Ongoing Design Project)
Compound Tandem Rotor Helicopters
CH-46 Tandem Wing Compound (mid-1960s)
Model 347 Tandem Compound (early 1970s)
Have we made progress?
Unloaded Lift Offset Rotor – ULOR (Ongoing Design Project)
12-130 | 12 11/24/2012
Boeing/DARPA Disc Rotor (Ongoing Design Project)
Disc Rotors
Have we made progress?
Jacob Ellehammer – first ‘Disc-Rotor Helicopter’ concept to fly (1912)
Ellehammer –Disc-Rotor wind tunnel model and test (1935)
Jonathon Caldwell – ‘Disc-Rotor Plane’ (1934)
Boeing/DARPA Disc Rotor (Ongoing Design Project)
SOURCE: 100 YEARS OF DISC-ROTOR RESEARCH - A BRIEF HISTORY, ANGELO N. COLLINS and MICHAEL J. HIRSCHBERG, Presented at the International Powered Lift Conference, October 5-7, 2010, Philadelphia, PA
12-130 | 13 11/24/2012
USMC/Bell Boeing MV-22B Osprey
(1989)
USMC/Bell Boeing MV-22B Osprey
(1989)
Tilt Rotors
Have we made progress?
Baynes “Heliplane” (1938)
JAY
HEN
DR
ICK
SON
P
LATT
-LEP
AG
E A
IRC
RA
FT A
RC
HIV
ES
Platt-LePage Tilt Rotor Design (1940s)
NA
SA A
MES
PH
OTO
In production and operational
with the U.S. Marine Corps and
U.S. Air Force, the V-22 recently
surpassed 100,000 flight hours !
Bell XV-3 (1955)
HO
WA
RD
LEV
Y P
HO
TO
Transcendental Model 1-G (1954)
Transcendental Model 2 (1957)
HO
WA
RD
LEV
Y P
HO
TO
12-130 | 14 11/24/2012
All-composite rotorcraft
[1980s] Fly-by-wire
[1970s]
Advanced airfoils and
blade tip shapes
[1990s]
Advanced
crew stations
[1980s]
Optimal Speed Rotor
[early 2000s]
CFD and other
Analysis Tools/Techniques
Digital fly-by-light
[1980s]
Higher
harmonic control
[1980s]
Electric actuation
[late 1990s]
What is going on?
For the most part, it is not the configurations that are advancing …. it’s the Technology Enablers
Active
vibration control
[1980s] Survivability
enhancements
[1980s]
Computing Power
“Recent” Technology Advancements
What technology breakthroughs have been demonstrated in this decade?
HHC Off HHC On
12-130 | 15 11/24/2012
A generational leap desired in
range and speed – all at
6,000 ft/95oF
Joint Multi-Role (JMR) Program
Affordability
Performance
Survivability Sustainability
Environmental
Range Payload
Fuel Efficiency Station Time
Speed
Operational Availability Operations & Support
Costs
Survivability IR / RF / Laser
Kinetic Threat Small Arms
Affordability Size
Scale Risk
6,000 ft / 95oF All-Weather Ops
in Degraded Visual
Environment
Future Aviation
Capabilities
12-130 | 16 11/24/2012
Joint Multi-Role (JMR) Program (continued)
JMR program appears to be the future of DoD Vertical Lift
Attack
Flight Controls /
Hydraulics
Avionics
Subsystems
Fuselage
Utility
Flight Controls /
Hydraulics
Avionics
Subsystems
Fuselage
Common
Wing
Rotor System
Drive System
Engines
Maximize
commonality
to improve
affordability
12-130 | 17 11/24/2012
ARTI RAH-66
XV-15 V-22
Model 347 Fly-by-Wire
Back to the Future – Prototyping [e.g. Opportunity]
Model 360 V-22 composite airframe
S-76B Fantail RAH-66 anti-torque system
XH-59A Advancing Blade Concept
SIK
OR
SKY
AIR
CR
AFT
X2 Speed, maneuverability
X-49A Speed
X3 Speed
SIK
OR
SKY
AIR
CR
AFT
EU
RO
CO
PTE
R
PIA
SEC
KI A
IRC
RA
FT C
OR
P.
12-130 | 18 11/24/2012
Existing fleet modernization programs:
Fixed-wing
emphasis
Customers
collaboration
International
competition
Possible loss
of critical skills
Hurdles
Boeing AH-64D Apache
Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey
Boeing CH-47F Chinook
Sikorsky UH-60M
Black Hawk
SIK
OR
SKY
AIR
CR
AFT
The US Industry Faces a Precarious Future New Start DevelopmentDerivative Development
FY12
Start
Pre-MS B
Source: Boeing analysis of PB09
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
US Gov’tRotorcraftDeliveries
CY08
CY09
CY10
CY11
CY12
CY13
CY14
CY15
CY16
CY17
CY18
CY19
CY20
CY21
CY22
CY23
CY24
CY25
CY26
UH-72A
CH-53K
MH-60R
MH-60S
UH-60M
OH-58D SEP
TH-67
UH-1Y
AH-1Z
HV-22
CV-22
MV-22
AH-64 Blk III
AH-64 Blk II
MH-47G
CH-47F
VH-71
ARH-70A
New Start DevelopmentDerivative Development New Start DevelopmentDerivative Development
FY12
Start
Pre-MS B
Source: Boeing analysis of PB09
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
US Gov’tRotorcraftDeliveries
CY08
CY09
CY10
CY11
CY12
CY13
CY14
CY15
CY16
CY17
CY18
CY19
CY20
CY21
CY22
CY23
CY24
CY25
CY26
UH-72A
CH-53K
MH-60R
MH-60S
UH-60M
OH-58D SEP
TH-67
UH-1Y
AH-1Z
HV-22
CV-22
MV-22
AH-64 Blk III
AH-64 Blk II
MH-47G
CH-47F
VH-71
ARH-70A
UH-72A
CH-53K
MH-60R
MH-60S
UH-60M
OH-58D SEP
TH-67
UH-1Y
AH-1Z
HV-22
CV-22
MV-22
AH-64 Blk III
AH-64 Blk II
MH-47G
CH-47F
VH-71
ARH-70A
12-130 | 19 11/24/2012
Exciting projects are already under-way
Unloaded Lift Offset Rotor – ULOR
DARPA Mission Adaptive Rotor – MAR
DARPA Disc Rotor
12-130 | 20 11/24/2012
High speed cruise > 250 knots
Retractable landing gear
Same internal cabin dimensions as H-47 30 ft 2 in. [9.19m] Length X 6 ft 6 in. [1.98m] Height
X 7 ft 6 in. [2.29m] Width
Underfloor fuel (2,000 gal 7570.8 liters) in crashworthy cells
8-ft (2.44m) diameter propellers
Similar external dimensions as H-47
More maneuverable
than H-47
Same payload as H-47 with greater range
Advanced 4-bladed rotor 60 ft [18.29m]
diameter
ULOR Configuration Features Unloaded Lift Offset Rotor – ULOR
ULORMission Scenario
ULORMission Scenario
12-130 | 21 11/24/2012
Boeing/DARPA
Edgewise Mission Adaptive Rotor (eMAR) Features on a Notional New Design Rotorcraft
Swashplateless rotor system Variable rotor speed
Active tip sails
Active leading edge
Active trailing edge
Active blade twist
12-130 | 22 11/24/2012
DARPA/Boeing/VPI
Disc Rotor Concept Study
High-speed VTOL/troop assault
(2) turboshaft engines or turboshaft/turbofan combination
Unique 350+ knots speed capability
DiscRotor Mission Scenario
DiscRotor Mission Scenario
Morphing wings
Mission Adaptive Rotor technologies
Adaptive self-healing structures
Single-pilot crew station
Active drag reduction
Next generation digital flight controls
Advanced engine and hybrid propulsion
technologies
Ultra-low vibration and noise
Next generation advanced
NOTAR
What will next generation rotorcraft look like ?
Technology Demonstrators and Prototypes have worked very well in the past…
11-070 | 23 11/24/2012
12-130 | 24 11/24/2012
Parting Comments
12-130 | 25 11/24/2012
Questions?
Thank you.