12-130 | 1 11/24/2012

“Rotorcraft – Back to the Future” A Discussion of the Past, Present,

and Future of Rotorcraft

Technical University of Munich

June 27, 2011 Munich, Germany

Chief Engineer, Advanced Mobility Advanced Boeing Military Aircraft

Hal Rosenstein

Presented by:

Oris E. Davis, Jr.

Director, Southern Europe International Business Development (IBD)

Boeing Defense, Space & Security (BDS)

The Boeing Company Phone: +39-06-45217787

oris.e.davis@boeing.com

AIE Military Rotorcraft Conference

June 7, 2011 Washington, DC

AHS Dinner Presentation

March 8, 2011 Towne House Restaurant, Media, PA

Director, Advanced Mobility Advanced Boeing Military Aircraft

Steve Glusman

Presented at:

The National President of Associazione Arma Aeronautica (AAA), The Future of Rotary Wing Symposium at the Center for High Defence Studies,Palazzo Salviati, Piazza della Rovere 83, Rome, Italy November 22, 2012

Previously Presented:

12-130 | 2 11/24/2012

V/STOL Aircraft and Propulsion Concepts

We have done

it all before

Except for

helicopters,

only a handful

of V/STOL

concepts

have reached

production

12-130 | 3 11/24/2012

Competition Decreasing -- Derivative Modifications Increasing

Program Cancelled

COTS Commercial Off-The-Shelf

Technology Demonstrator or Prototype

*

1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s

Derivative Modifications

New Starts

Impact of increasing

cost and complexity

Impact of budget

constraints

CH-46D/F

CH-47B/C

CH-53D

CH-46E

CH-53E

CH-47D

OH-58D

UH-60L

MH-47E

MH-60K

CH-47F

UH-1Y

AH-1Z

AH-64D

VH-71A

ARH-70A

UH-72

MH-47G

AH-64B 3

UH-60M

CH-53K

CSAR-X

COTS

COTS

RAH-66

XC-142A

X-22

CH-46A

CH-47A

CH-53A

AH-1

AH-56

XH-59A

XV-15

AH-64A

UH-60A

XCH-62A V-22

*

*

*

*

12-130 | 4 11/24/2012

U.S. Jet Fighter vs. Rotorcraft Generations 1940s 1960

s 1980s 1990

s 2000s 2010s 1950s 1970s

2nd Gen Rotorcraft 3rd Gen Rotorcraft

Piston engine

Wood blades

Vc < 90kts

Turbine engine

Metal blades

Vc ~ 130 kts

Composite blades

Survivability

Adv. weapons integration

Vc ~ 150 kts

Higher speed

Fly-by-wire

Composites

Signature reduction

Vc > 170 kts

1st Gen Rotorcraft

1st Gen Fighters

2nd Gen Fighters

3rd Gen Fighters

4th Gen Fighters 5th Gen Fighters

Subsonic

Guns

No radar

Supersonic

Radar

Air-air missiles

Maneuverability

Adv. weapons integration

Maneuverability

Look down, shoot down capability

Stealth

Fly-by-wire

Net centric

Thrust vectoring

12-130 | 5 11/24/2012

50 Years of DoD Aviation Investment 1960 – 2010

RDT&E Procurement

45%

8%14%

17%

6%5% 3% 2%

Fighter/Attack

Bombers

Transports - FW

Other FW

Utility/Assault RW

Attack/Recon RW

Cargo RW

Other RW

83% / 17% investment split between fixed- and rotary-wing

$ 321 B (FY 2011 $)

44% 23% 7%

7% 6% 3%

1%

9%

$ 926 B (FY 2011 $)

45% 8% 14%

17%

6% 5% 3% 2%

12-130 | 6 11/24/2012

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

US Army Aviation S&T Investment

Technology Readiness Level (TRL) = 1 to 4

Downward trend in DoD rotorcraft investment over past 20 years!

Constant 2008 Dollars (Millions)

UH-60A Blackhawk and AH-64A Apache

Development

YRAH-66 Comanche Development

12-130 | 7 11/24/2012

A Look at Today There hasn’t been this much excitement

in the rotorcraft industry since the 1960’s

Piasecki X-49A SpeedHawk

(2007)

PIA

SEC

KI A

IRC

RA

FT C

OR

PO

RA

TIO

N

Sikorsky X2

Technology Demonstrator (2008)

SIK

OR

SKY

AIR

CR

AFT

Eurocopter X3

(2010)

EUR

OC

OP

TER

Boeing/DARPA

Disc Rotor

BO

EIN

G

12-130 | 8 11/24/2012

Sikorsky X2 Technology Demonstrator

(2008)

SIK

OR

SKY

AIR

CR

AFT

SI

KO

RSK

Y A

IRC

RA

FT

Sikorsky X2 Technology Demonstrator

(2008)

Have we made progress? A

VIA

TIO

N W

EEK

& S

PA

CE

TEC

HN

OLO

GY,

A

NU

AR

Y 2

9, 1

96

8

Sikorsky Light Anti-Submarine Attack Vehicle – LAAV Concept (1968)

Co-Axial Compound Helicopters

Sikorsky XH-59A Advancing Blade Concept (ABCTM) (1975)

SIK

OR

SKY

AIR

CR

AFT

Sikorsky LHX Concept (1982)

SIK

OR

SKY

AIR

CR

AFT

12-130 | 9 11/24/2012

Bell UH-1 Model 533 HPH III – 274.6 knots (316.0 mph) (1969)

EUR

OC

OP

TER

Eurocopter X3 – 180 knots (207 mph) (2010)

Have we made progress? Single Rotor Compound Helicopters

EUR

OC

OP

TER

Eurocopter X3 – 180 knots (207 mph) (2010)

12-130 | 10 11/24/2012

(2007)

Have we made progress? Piasecki Compound Helicopters with

the Vectored Thrust Ducted Propeller

PHOTOS: PIASECKI AIRCRAFT CORPORATION

Piasecki 16H-1 Pathfinder (1962)

Piasecki 16H-1A Pathfinder II (1966)

(2007)

12-130 | 11 11/24/2012

Chinook Compound Concept (1961) Unloaded Lift Offset Rotor – ULOR (Ongoing Design Project)

Compound Tandem Rotor Helicopters

CH-46 Tandem Wing Compound (mid-1960s)

Model 347 Tandem Compound (early 1970s)

Have we made progress?

Unloaded Lift Offset Rotor – ULOR (Ongoing Design Project)

12-130 | 12 11/24/2012

Boeing/DARPA Disc Rotor (Ongoing Design Project)

Disc Rotors

Have we made progress?

Jacob Ellehammer – first ‘Disc-Rotor Helicopter’ concept to fly (1912)

Ellehammer –Disc-Rotor wind tunnel model and test (1935)

Jonathon Caldwell – ‘Disc-Rotor Plane’ (1934)

Boeing/DARPA Disc Rotor (Ongoing Design Project)

SOURCE: 100 YEARS OF DISC-ROTOR RESEARCH - A BRIEF HISTORY, ANGELO N. COLLINS and MICHAEL J. HIRSCHBERG, Presented at the International Powered Lift Conference, October 5-7, 2010, Philadelphia, PA

12-130 | 13 11/24/2012

USMC/Bell Boeing MV-22B Osprey

(1989)

USMC/Bell Boeing MV-22B Osprey

(1989)

Tilt Rotors

Have we made progress?

Baynes “Heliplane” (1938)

JAY

HEN

DR

ICK

SON

P

LATT

-LEP

AG

E A

IRC

RA

FT A

RC

HIV

ES

Platt-LePage Tilt Rotor Design (1940s)

NA

SA A

MES

PH

OTO

In production and operational

with the U.S. Marine Corps and

U.S. Air Force, the V-22 recently

surpassed 100,000 flight hours !

Bell XV-3 (1955)

HO

WA

RD

LEV

Y P

HO

TO

Transcendental Model 1-G (1954)

Transcendental Model 2 (1957)

HO

WA

RD

LEV

Y P

HO

TO

12-130 | 14 11/24/2012

All-composite rotorcraft

[1980s] Fly-by-wire

[1970s]

Advanced airfoils and

blade tip shapes

[1990s]

Advanced

crew stations

[1980s]

Optimal Speed Rotor

[early 2000s]

CFD and other

Analysis Tools/Techniques

Digital fly-by-light

[1980s]

Higher

harmonic control

[1980s]

Electric actuation

[late 1990s]

What is going on?

For the most part, it is not the configurations that are advancing …. it’s the Technology Enablers

Active

vibration control

[1980s] Survivability

enhancements

[1980s]

Computing Power

“Recent” Technology Advancements

What technology breakthroughs have been demonstrated in this decade?

HHC Off HHC On

12-130 | 15 11/24/2012

A generational leap desired in

range and speed – all at

6,000 ft/95oF

Joint Multi-Role (JMR) Program

Affordability

Performance

Survivability Sustainability

Environmental

Range Payload

Fuel Efficiency Station Time

Speed

Operational Availability Operations & Support

Costs

Survivability IR / RF / Laser

Kinetic Threat Small Arms

Affordability Size

Scale Risk

6,000 ft / 95oF All-Weather Ops

in Degraded Visual

Environment

Future Aviation

Capabilities

12-130 | 16 11/24/2012

Joint Multi-Role (JMR) Program (continued)

JMR program appears to be the future of DoD Vertical Lift

Attack

Flight Controls /

Hydraulics

Avionics

Subsystems

Fuselage

Utility

Flight Controls /

Hydraulics

Avionics

Subsystems

Fuselage

Common

Wing

Rotor System

Drive System

Engines

Maximize

commonality

to improve

affordability

12-130 | 17 11/24/2012

ARTI RAH-66

XV-15 V-22

Model 347 Fly-by-Wire

Back to the Future – Prototyping [e.g. Opportunity]

Model 360 V-22 composite airframe

S-76B Fantail RAH-66 anti-torque system

XH-59A Advancing Blade Concept

SIK

OR

SKY

AIR

CR

AFT

X2 Speed, maneuverability

X-49A Speed

X3 Speed

SIK

OR

SKY

AIR

CR

AFT

EU

RO

CO

PTE

R

PIA

SEC

KI A

IRC

RA

FT C

OR

P.

12-130 | 18 11/24/2012

Existing fleet modernization programs:

Fixed-wing

emphasis

Customers

collaboration

International

competition

Possible loss

of critical skills

Hurdles

Boeing AH-64D Apache

Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey

Boeing CH-47F Chinook

Sikorsky UH-60M

Black Hawk

SIK

OR

SKY

AIR

CR

AFT

The US Industry Faces a Precarious Future New Start DevelopmentDerivative Development

FY12

Start

Pre-MS B

Source: Boeing analysis of PB09

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

US Gov’tRotorcraftDeliveries

CY08

CY09

CY10

CY11

CY12

CY13

CY14

CY15

CY16

CY17

CY18

CY19

CY20

CY21

CY22

CY23

CY24

CY25

CY26

UH-72A

CH-53K

MH-60R

MH-60S

UH-60M

OH-58D SEP

TH-67

UH-1Y

AH-1Z

HV-22

CV-22

MV-22

AH-64 Blk III

AH-64 Blk II

MH-47G

CH-47F

VH-71

ARH-70A

New Start DevelopmentDerivative Development New Start DevelopmentDerivative Development

FY12

Start

Pre-MS B

Source: Boeing analysis of PB09

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

US Gov’tRotorcraftDeliveries

CY08

CY09

CY10

CY11

CY12

CY13

CY14

CY15

CY16

CY17

CY18

CY19

CY20

CY21

CY22

CY23

CY24

CY25

CY26

UH-72A

CH-53K

MH-60R

MH-60S

UH-60M

OH-58D SEP

TH-67

UH-1Y

AH-1Z

HV-22

CV-22

MV-22

AH-64 Blk III

AH-64 Blk II

MH-47G

CH-47F

VH-71

ARH-70A

UH-72A

CH-53K

MH-60R

MH-60S

UH-60M

OH-58D SEP

TH-67

UH-1Y

AH-1Z

HV-22

CV-22

MV-22

AH-64 Blk III

AH-64 Blk II

MH-47G

CH-47F

VH-71

ARH-70A

12-130 | 19 11/24/2012

Exciting projects are already under-way

Unloaded Lift Offset Rotor – ULOR

DARPA Mission Adaptive Rotor – MAR

DARPA Disc Rotor

12-130 | 20 11/24/2012

High speed cruise > 250 knots

Retractable landing gear

Same internal cabin dimensions as H-47 30 ft 2 in. [9.19m] Length X 6 ft 6 in. [1.98m] Height

X 7 ft 6 in. [2.29m] Width

Underfloor fuel (2,000 gal 7570.8 liters) in crashworthy cells

8-ft (2.44m) diameter propellers

Similar external dimensions as H-47

More maneuverable

than H-47

Same payload as H-47 with greater range

Advanced 4-bladed rotor 60 ft [18.29m]

diameter

ULOR Configuration Features Unloaded Lift Offset Rotor – ULOR

ULORMission Scenario

ULORMission Scenario

12-130 | 21 11/24/2012

Boeing/DARPA

Edgewise Mission Adaptive Rotor (eMAR) Features on a Notional New Design Rotorcraft

Swashplateless rotor system Variable rotor speed

Active tip sails

Active leading edge

Active trailing edge

Active blade twist

12-130 | 22 11/24/2012

DARPA/Boeing/VPI

Disc Rotor Concept Study

High-speed VTOL/troop assault

(2) turboshaft engines or turboshaft/turbofan combination

Unique 350+ knots speed capability

DiscRotor Mission Scenario

DiscRotor Mission Scenario

Morphing wings

Mission Adaptive Rotor technologies

Adaptive self-healing structures

Single-pilot crew station

Active drag reduction

Next generation digital flight controls

Advanced engine and hybrid propulsion

technologies

Ultra-low vibration and noise

Next generation advanced

NOTAR

What will next generation rotorcraft look like ?

Technology Demonstrators and Prototypes have worked very well in the past…

11-070 | 23 11/24/2012

12-130 | 24 11/24/2012

Parting Comments

12-130 | 25 11/24/2012

Questions?

Thank you.