Robotic Pets in the Lives of Preschool Children
Peter H. Kahn, Jr.Dept. of PsychologyUniversity of Washington
Batya FriedmanThe Information SchoolUniversity of Washington
Deanne R. Perez-GranadosSchool of EducationStanford University
Nathan G. FreierThe Information SchoolUniversity of Washington
Behavioral Categories
Apprehension
Affection
Mistreatment
Endow Animation
Attempt Reciprocity
Exploration
Behavioral Categories
Exploration
Apprehension
Affection
Mistreatment
Endow Animation
Attempt Reciprocity
Behavioral Categories
Exploration
Apprehension
Affection
Mistreatment
Endow Animation
Attempt Reciprocity
Behavioral Categories
Exploration
Apprehension
Affection
Mistreatment
Endow Animation
Attempt Reciprocity
221
143
294
3920
683
150
1
310
184207
180
Exploration*
AIBOStuffed Dog
* p < .05** p < .01
Appreh.** Affection Mistreat.** EndowAnimation**
AttemptReciprocity**
Behavioral Frequencies
Evaluation ResultsANIMACY (N=80)
1. Is X alive? 38 30
2. Can X die? 14 13
3. Is X a real dog? 22 18
BIOLOGICAL SUBSTRATES (N=40)
1. Does X have a stomach? 72 78
2. Do you think X will eat the biscuit? 53 50
3. Does X grow bigger? 35 41
4. Does X pee and poop? 31 35
5. Does X breathe? 36 38
6. Can X have babies? 49 45
AIBOStuffed Dog
MENTAL STATES (N=40)
1. Do you think X will … get the toy? 78 67
2. Can X feel happy? 74 75
3. Do you think X can see the toy? 68 65
4. Do you think X can hear me? 45 48
SOCIAL RAPPORT (N=40)
1. Do you like X? 85 85
2. Do you think X likes you? 80 84
3. Does X like to sit in your lap? 77 89
4. Can X be your friend? 76 82
5. Can you be a friend to X? 76 84
6. If you were sad, would you want to spend time with X?
64 68
MORAL STANDING (N=40)
Do you think…
1. it’s [not] OK that I hit X? 69 73
2. X feels pain? 46 64
3. it’s [not] OK to leave X for a week? 74 73
4. it’s [not] OK to throw X in the garbage?
86 87
5. Let’s say X knocks over a glass of water. Should X be punished?
39 40
Evaluation Results
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Animacy BiologicalSubstrate
MentalStates
SocialRapport
MoralStanding
AIBOStuffed Dog
Perce
nt
Evaluation Results
BIOLOGICAL SUBSTRATES (N=40) AIBO ST. DOG
1. Does X have a stomach? 72 78
2. Do you think X will eat this biscuit? 53 50
3. Does X grow bigger? 35 41
4. Does X pee and poop? 31 35
5. Does X breathe? 36 38
6. Can X have babies? 49 45
MENTAL STATES (N=40) AIBO ST. DOG
1. Do you think X will … get the toy? 78 67
2. Can X feel happy? 74 75
3. Do you think X can see the toy? 68 65
4. Do you think X can hear me? 45 48
ANIMACY (N=80) AIBO STUFFED DOG1. Is X alive? 38 302. Can X die? 14 133. Is X a real dog? 22 18
SOCIAL RAPPORT (N=40) AIBO ST. DOG
1. Do you like X? 85 85
2. Do you think X likes you? 80 84
3. Does X like to sit in your lap? 77 89
4. Can X be your friend? 76 82
5. Can you be a friend to X? 76 84
6. If you were sad, would you want to 64 68
spend time with X?
MORAL STANDING (N=40) AIBO ST. DOG
Do you think…
1. it’s [not] OK that I hit X? 69 73
2. X feels pain? 46 64
3. it’s [not] OK to leave X for a week? 74 73
4. it’s [not] OK to throw X in the garbage?86 87
5. Let’s say X knocks over a glass of 39 40
water. Should X be punished?