ROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWEN
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� SUBJECT : SUBJECT : SUBJECT : SUBJECT : PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND URBAN DESIGNPRINCIPLES OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND URBAN DESIGNPRINCIPLES OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND URBAN DESIGNPRINCIPLES OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND URBAN DESIGN
� SEMESTER : VIISEMESTER : VIISEMESTER : VIISEMESTER : VII
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� SUBJECT : SUBJECT : SUBJECT : SUBJECT : PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND URBAN DESIGNPRINCIPLES OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND URBAN DESIGNPRINCIPLES OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND URBAN DESIGNPRINCIPLES OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND URBAN DESIGN
� SEMESTER : VIISEMESTER : VIISEMESTER : VIISEMESTER : VII
ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Robert Owen as a Welsh social reformer
He was one of the founders of Utopian
Socialism and the Cooperative Movement.
Born on the 14th May 1771, in Newton, Wales.
Robert was the sixth of seven childrenRobert was the sixth of seven children
His father Robert Owen was a saddler and
ironmonger
His mother came from one of the prosperous
farming families of Newtown.
He was an intelligent boy who read avidly, loved
music and was good at sports.
On November 17, 1858 Owen died in the Bear
Hotel, next door to the house in which he was born.
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In 1781 , In 1781 , In 1781 , In 1781 , Robert Owen was forced leave school at the age of 10at the age of 10at the age of 10at the age of 10 to seek his fortune in London with his
eldest brother, William.
After few weeks, he was apprenticed to a draper named McGuffey where he gained knowledge of fabrics
and began his career in the textile industry.
After three years three years three years three years he served under another draper.
In 1788 , In 1788 , In 1788 , In 1788 , He moved to Manchester which was known as the epicenter of the Industrial RevolutionIn 1788 , In 1788 , In 1788 , In 1788 , He moved to Manchester which was known as the epicenter of the Industrial Revolution
There he formed a partnership with a mechanic to open a factory that made cotton spinning machinery.
By the time he was 21 he was 21 he was 21 he was 21 he was a mill manager in Manchester
In 1790 , In 1790 , In 1790 , In 1790 , His entrepreneurial spirit, management skill and progressive moral views were emerging
In 1793 , In 1793 , In 1793 , In 1793 , he was elected as a member of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society where the
ideas of reformers and philosophers of the Enlightenment were discussed.
He also became a committee member of the Manchester Board of Health which was set up to promote
improvements in the health and working conditions of factory workers..
During 1794179417941794----1795 1795 1795 1795 Owen formed the Chorlton Twist Company in which two old and established firms
took part.
UTOPIANS UTOPIANS UTOPIANS UTOPIANS UTOPIANS UTOPIANS UTOPIANS UTOPIANS
The depressed condition of housing for the poor
impressed some of the 19th century industrial leaders
They recognized that their present privileged
state was connected with the masses of workers on
whom they directly or indirectly depended.whom they directly or indirectly depended.
They sensed the problems and conditions of the
poor presented to the future of the industrial
economy.
These industrial leaders grouped together to form
a community or society known as Utopian society.
They are known for their perfect qualities
A number of Utopian communities were
proposed.
ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHYROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY
Robert Owen was a Utopian theorist who was moved by the
conditions of industrial workers which was made worse by increasing
unemployment
He identified the flaws taking place in his society
He hoped for a world free of human suffering
Owen was against “Noninterference” unlike other theoristsOwen was against “Noninterference” unlike other theorists
Noninterference means the government will not help workers’ life
conditions
He believed a company’s earnings should be used to improve the
community
He thought the wealth brought buy the industrial revolution
should help more people rather than the few it was enriching
He called for “Public Ownership of Property” which was later
known as “Utopian socialism”Utopian socialism”
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In 1799 he married Caroline Dale, whose father
owned the New Lanark Mills located in Scotland.
The mill consist of approx. 2000 employees
In 1800, he became the manager of the mills.
It was at this mill that he was able to put into
practice some of his ideas on how to treat workers practice some of his ideas on how to treat workers
and children better.
He believed that if workers were happy in their
lives then they would be much happier at work. This
would mean that they would work harder and
produce much more.
He was going to introduce changes that would
improve the lives of those living and working in the
village.
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When Owen arrived at New Lanark he found that the workers
had many problems such as :
Poverty, drunkenness etc
Workers were illiterate and did not clean themselves.
Some were so poor they could only afford to live in a one Some were so poor they could only afford to live in a one
room house
People did not eat well which affected their health.
This was because the shop where they bought their food
often mixed unhealthy products into the main foods sold.
Sugar, flour and tea would all be mixed with shoddy goods.
This meant the shop made lots of money but the people
were sold bad goods.
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Owen established a model factory which has following characteristics such as :
� Paid fair wages
� Employed no child under age ten
� Free medical services
�� Built affordable workers' housing
� Established schools
� Provided religious instruction and recreational facilities
As a Result :
� Visitors to the mill would comment about the excellent manners of the children, the happiness
of the workers, and how well the mill runs.
� The other owners of the mill were always moaning that Owens's ideas cost so much money
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Owen constructed a plan to connect communities world wide
He dreamt of a community that would stop crime and violence and other immoral acts
Owen believed the way to put his plan into action was through education
In Owens's communal society :
� Everyone would share equal rights.
� There would be no division of labor.
� There would be no wage system.
� Everyone would work in peace and harmony
� He wanted groups of families to live
within the communities and help each out
in their day to day lives.
� He believed this would end poverty
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1. Public Building
His most famous attempt to make this work, happened in New Harmony, Indiana.
Communal building consisted of rows of square dwellings surrounding large gardens.
Each community was surrounded by an agricultural area of about 1000-1500acres to supplement
industrial employment.
New Harmony, Indiana designed by Robert Owen includes :
1. Public Building
2. Gymnasium or covered placed for exercise attached to infant school
3. Lodging houses meant for the married couples and their 2 children
4. Public kitchen, mess-rooms, and all the accommodation required for cooking and eating
5. Consists of Infant school , Infirmary , lecture room and place of worship
6. Consists of school for the elder children & committee-room on the ground floor while library,
detached reading room & printing offices are placed above
7. Ball room & Music Room
8. Theatre for lectures, exhibition, discussion etc. & small laboratory
9. Museum with Library of description & reference, rooms for preparing specimens.
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10. Consists of Brew Houses, Bakery, Laundry etc arranged at the base of towers
11. Dormitories for all the children exceeding two in a family, or above three years of age.
12. Apartments for general superintendents, clergyman, schoolmasters, surgeon etc
13. Accommodation for strangers who may come from a distance to see their friends and
relativesrelatives
14. Store-rooms for all the articles required for the use of the establishment.
15. Esplanade 100 feet wide, above 12 feet above the natural surface
16. Building for manufacturing & mechanical purposes & slaughter house etc
17. Arcade and its terrace, giving both a covered & an open communication with every part of
building
18. Subway leading to Kitchen & Loading /Unloading space
19. Paved Footpath
20. Factories and workshops were located along the outside boundary of the community.
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Owen hoped that there would be lots of “utopian” communities like this.
In reality, the utopian community only lasted for two years because it cost so much.
Therefore his dream of communal building was just a dream.
Still, Owens's accomplishments would leave an impact on society and lead the way to a new
way of thinking for workersway of thinking for workers
CONTRIBUTION BY ROBERT OWENCONTRIBUTION BY ROBERT OWENCONTRIBUTION BY ROBERT OWENCONTRIBUTION BY ROBERT OWENCONTRIBUTION BY ROBERT OWENCONTRIBUTION BY ROBERT OWENCONTRIBUTION BY ROBERT OWENCONTRIBUTION BY ROBERT OWEN
His work inspired infant education, humane working
practices, the Co-operative Movement, trade unionism,
and garden cities.
Even today New Lanark attracts visitors from all over Even today New Lanark attracts visitors from all over
the world who come to see the historic buildings and
visit the award-winning Visitor Centre.
Robert Owens's legacy continues to inspire New
Lanark Trust, the independent Scottish charity which is
dedicated to restoring and caring for the historic village
of New Lanark in Southern Scotland.
The site is now a World Heritage Site.
JAMES SILK BUCKINGHAMJAMES SILK BUCKINGHAMJAMES SILK BUCKINGHAMJAMES SILK BUCKINGHAMJAMES SILK BUCKINGHAMJAMES SILK BUCKINGHAMJAMES SILK BUCKINGHAMJAMES SILK BUCKINGHAM
Outer Square : 1,000 Houses and Gardens, 20 feet frontage, 100
feet deep.
Second Square : Covered Arcade for Workshops, 100 feet wide.
Third Square : 560 Houses and Gardens, 28 feet frontage, 130
feet deep.
Fourth Square : Covered Arcade for Retail Bazaars, 100 feet wide.
MODEL TOWN :MODEL TOWN :MODEL TOWN :MODEL TOWN :
Designed for a temperance
community which will
accommodate about 10,000
inhabitantsFourth Square : Covered Arcade for Retail Bazaars, 100 feet wide.
Fifth Square : 296 Houses and Gardens, 38 feet frontage, 160 feet
deep
Sixth Square : Covered Arcade for Winter Promenade, 100 feet
wide.
Seventh Square : 120 Houses and Gardens, 54 feet frontage, 200
feet deep.
Central Square : 24 Mansions and Gardens, 80 feet frontage, 250
feet deep.
Churches or Places of Public Worship, 200 feet by 130.
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
Robert Owen was a generous man who not only thought of
improving the life of workers but also wanted to connect communities.
Architecturally New Harmony City was not feasible to construct.
It had many flaws when it comes to zoning of spaces
Entire city was designed in the form of a square surrounded by
dwellings and central buildings placed at the corners and midpoint.dwellings and central buildings placed at the corners and midpoint.
There is no connectivity between any spaces.
Children of age above 3 where placed in dormitories which was
located far away from their families.
Placement of industries far away from dwellings was a good idea
but too far was a bad one.
Overall connectivity of communities worked fine but architecturally
it was not feasible in terms of cost and zoning.
In spite of its failure, Robert Owens's idea was later used in the
development of garden city
ROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWEN
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