Fashion in the Workplace 1
Running head: FASHION IN THE WORKPLACE
Fashion in the Workplace: Assignment Two
Lavernia V. Boyd
University of North Carolina Charlotte
Spring 2014
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Is that What You’re Wearing?
Yes, I am one of those people. I notice what everyone is wearing and quickly formulate
an opinion. Wrong, perhaps but first impressions can mean the difference between a positive or
negative experience. This is the case in everyday life. Think about it for a moment we all
formulate opinions based on dress. For example, you go into a hospital. One doctor has on
scrubs, a stethoscope around his neck and a clipboard in hand. The other doctor is wearing
headphones and a football jersey. They both graduated from John Hopkins University. Who do
you want to treat you and why? We both know it is the doctor who looks like a doctor and it is
because perception is everything. Based on his attire he would seem to be the more professional
of the two. This topic is of personal interest because I love fashion, but as I dug deeper I realized
that there is a disconnection between what people think is workplace appropriate dress and what
really is workplace appropriate dress. Often they miss the importance it plays in their careers,
and how they are viewed based on dress. On a weekly basis, I feel like I’m in two worlds, the
government center my professional space, and UNCC campus my academic space. At work, we
have the expectation that people are watching us based on the dress code. On campus it is pretty
much come as you like just be in attendance. There is no standard for dress on campus, and I
wonder if that is a cause for the struggle with the transition from college to work. The issue may
seem trivial it is after all just clothes. However, when what you are wearing can impact your
income or the opinions of those you need to see you as competent, then it takes on another level
of importance. Let me relate a quick story. Once at work I wore a skirt, getting dress I looked
myself over. I thought the skirt was fine it was one of my favorites. In my office there is a glass
conference room. In order to use the restroom I have to pass the conference room. As I walked
by the conference room there was a meeting in progress (mostly men), every head in the
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conference room turned around as I walked by. I was so embarrassed, it meant my skirt was too
tight not workplace appropriate. Now I could have said they are acting unprofessional or that’s
my body type. Instead I decided to evaluate my dress. I wanted to be perceived as professional. I
got rid of the skirt and have been promoted three times at my current job. Unfortunately, the
way people perceive things is the way you must navigate your professional life. Employers and
customers perceive people who dress professional are professional. Is that true? Not necessarily,
but you have to work within that thinking in order to be successful. My goal is to explore the
issues of perception with regards dress code in the workplace. I want to pay special attention to
face value judgments, how conforming to your organizations dress code is critical for success
and finally what exactly is business casual or business professional attire.
What the Experts Think: Literature Review
Term: Business Casual – A dress down version of traditional business dress (i.e. suit and tie).
Business casual for men means no tie or jacket is necessary however, the requirement is neatly
press slacks and shirt with polished shoes, a jacket is favorable. For women it can be a variety of
items dresses, slacks, skirts, blouses and polished shoes. (See Figures 1 and 2)
Business Casual
What is business casual? The biggest fashion problem in the workplace is understanding
the concept of “business casual.” For men it can mean anything from a sports coat with or
without a tie, to pleated cotton slacks with a collared shirt, short sleeve polo shirt and loafers. For
women, pant suits, dresses, suits and coordinated shirt and slack ensembles are acceptable
(“Confusion reigns in”, 2003). The term of business casual can go even further, being so detailed
as it relates to color, texture and patterns of clothing. Pastels, large floral prints and bright colors
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are not viewed as favorably as neutrals colors such as; beige, taupe and brown (Chaney &
Martin, 2007, p22). In industries that are heavy client based, “there is a fine line between
looking professional, relating to their clients and keeping employee morale high”, the solution is
business casual dress (Entzminger, 2005). Our society sees the need to prepare perspective
employees on the appropriate dress in business. There are various programs that assist low-
income job seekers to define “business casual” dress. Surveying a group of low-income job
seekers determined that they knew what traditional business dress was (suit and tie) but had
problems when confronted with the idea of business casual (Saiki, 2013). Since business casual
is a topic that is confusing among generational lines, a helpful way to convey the standards for
business casual and its defined meaning is to put the dress code in writing. This way employees’
have a guideline to follow (Entzminger, 2005). In an actual workplace, business casual is
important. You will find management level employees dress in that manner. It is an expected
behavior; both Wanda and Olaf, upper level employees, from observation one were always
dressed according to the standards of their workplace (Boyd, 2014).
Changing Times
Why Business Casual? The short answer is that the market place demands that style of
dress. Recently, employers have noticed the trend of employees’ dressing better to keep their
jobs. When observing a conference from one year to the next, the once slouchy dressed attendees
were now dressed up with a suit and tie (Montagne, 2009). Dressing professionally is essential
not only in getting a job but keeping it as well. The notion of moving away from “Casual
Friday” is also on the table. “Either Friday is a workday or it isn’t” (Montagne, 2009). Think
getting rid of casual doesn’t seem possible? In observation one on Friday, when a relaxed style
of dress is acceptable, Wanda was still dressed in a ‘business casual” manner (Boyd, 2014).
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Another reason business casual is the style of dress, is the decline of what was called the dot.com
era. The influx of internet start-ups allowed workers to stay at home and not have to dress up
unless meeting with perspective clients. With the return to the office the business expectation is
“business casual” (Entzminger, 2005). Companies in the fortune 500 category want to take it a
step further 56% of them maintain a business attire policy. The reasoning is executives feel it
promotes a better image and productivity (Gardyn & Fetto, 2002). Just like business casual dress
researchers have outlined what business professional dress means. Business professional dress
suggests that employees stick to certain color suits such as; dark blue and gray keeping in line
with a more classic traditional style. It typically would be higher end clothing, and has a lot less
choices in regards to colors and prints (Chaney & Martin, 2007). (See figures 3 and 4)
Company and Employee Image
Society defines the meaning of appearance through clothing, accessories, grooming and
hairstyles, all which communicate a powerful message. Employees are the frontline of what
clients see and based on this a company can have a positive or negative impression in the minds
of their clients. It is also determined that when employees are dressed professionally they feel
professional and are more productive. A company lost a client after they made an office visit, the
CEO of the client company mentioned that the final decision came down to the fact that the
competitors’ employees dressed and acted more professional and had a business manner (Chaney
& Martin, 2007). Dress matters, customers feel that when the employee is dressed well the
service will be equal. The reverse is true, when dress inappropriate customers assume service
would be substandard. Additionally, researchers have found that people form impressions of
another individual based on the clothing worn by the individual (Yurchisin & Watchraveringkan,
2011). Human Resource professionals believe that their role is to help companies realize that
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organizational culture is impacted by workplace attire and therefore, they should assist in
determining the dress code. Organizations should look to hire individuals that can comfortably
be brought into the company dress code (Peluchette and Karl, 2007). So what do the numbers
say? “Coming across professional is very important” (Entzminger, 2005). According to the
“American Industry Dress Code Survey”, comprised of senior level executives at companies
which had revenue of over $500 million, this is how the senior executives felt about employees
dressing in professional attire:
a. Project a better image 70%
b. Are more likely to be noticed 68%
c. Tend to command more respect 60%
d. Feel more confident 49%
e. Appear more organized 46%
f. Are more likely to get promoted 22% (Gardyn & Fetto, 2002)
Overall, companies are looking for individuals that will boost company image.
Conformity
Success and advancement are two words you want in your professional career. In the
workplace, for that to happen, you must conform. Using the example of the TV show Ugly Betty,
researchers try to show that “conformity is not a bad word” (Burgess-Wilkerson, & Thomas,
2009). Many of the students when viewing the episode felt Betty Suarez, was competent and her
wardrobe was an extension of her individuality. Moreover, they felt that the way she dressed
should not affect her chance at promotions or the way management viewed her, but focus on her
ability (Burgess-Wilkerson, & Thomas, 2009). Is conformity necessary to succeed? Researcher
Kiddie would disagree. Back in 1980, he was new to the job market and started his hunt for his
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first job. He had two choices; IBM and Bell Labs he choose the latter due to the relaxed dress
code. He continues by encouraging his business students to determine if the business they are
considering matched their preferences for business attire. He states “searching for clues by
browsing the company’s website, reviewing their annual report, or anything that would provide a
clue as to the dress code and the company’s interpretation of such code” (Kiddie, 2009).
Dressing appropriate for work “is still important for workers who want to make a good
impression and advance their careers” (“Confusion reigns in”, 2003). Conforming to the dress
code of your workplace is the expectation. When Matt Lauer, cohost of The Today Show, was
interviewed on Larry King Live, Larry asked Matt whether he had changed is attire since being
in his current position. Matt stated that he now wears a suit every day because he never knows
when he will be called upon to interview someone of high rank, and that a suit gives him the
visual credibility he needs (Chaney & Martin, 2007).
Here’s What I Think
As I researched fashion in the workplace I thought I would find that people just do not
want to dress up, or that it takes too much effort. I realized that some are truly confused. There
needs to be a clear cut plan. Employers need to establish a proper standard and help employees
understand the importance. I propose a training class that would take participants through a
fashion in the workplace boot-camp. It will help them clearly distinguish between what is
appropriate and why. I see the class having various breakout sessions and topics such as:
dressing for your workplace, perception vs reality and conformity. A guest speaker or two would
also be helpful. The guest speakers should include current professionals in the workplace,
perhaps a Human Resource representative and a Senior Executive of a notable firm. Those new
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to the workforce seem to struggle with workplace appropriate; it could be because of four years
of jeans and sneakers to class or working in retail jobs that require uniforms. Whatever the
reason for their struggles, a section needs to be dedicated to change the mindset.
Dressing for your Workplace 1
This section would consist of defining what the dress code policy is whether it is business
casual* or business professional#. Outlining in full detail that business casual for men are
pressed slacks, a collared shirt, a belt in good condition and polished shoes. For women it is any
assortment of skirts (not too tight), blouses, dresses, pumps or flats (no stocking required), slacks
and cardigans. On the other hand if the dress code is formal then for men it is suits in traditional
colors (navy, black, grey and brown or beige), ties and polished shoes. For women working
under a business professional policy it means a suit and blouse or pantsuit but either requires you
to wear stockings and pumps, NO stilettoes. Also, cautioning the women about extreme jewelry.
I would even prepare them further, what if the job they want does not have a dress code policy in
writing? There are two solutions if in doubt go with a conservative look, or they can mirror the
top level executives. To see if they have the concept of what both styles of dress mean I would
introduce my first breakout session at this point
Breakout Session- What would you wear?
In this session I would include various clothing for men and woman. I would then request
some volunteers to make a complete outfit (jewelry included) for business casual and business
professional. Then discuss why they think each is appropriate. Which style of dress they prefer
and why? At this point, I would incorporate the research work of Kiddie, who explained why
1 *refer to figures 1 and 2 for visual of business casual for men and women.#refer to figures 3 and 4 for visual of business professional for men and women
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these trends are essential and how to determine if the company they are considering matches
their preferences for business attire (Kiddie, 2009). Finally, I would make adjustments to each
outfit as needed and move on to the next topic.
Perception vs Reality
I have heard people say “don’t dress for the job you have dress for the job you want”. I
hate that saying because what does it really mean? If I work in the mailroom and I want to move
into management should I wear a suit to deliver the mail? What that statement really means is
that it is all about perception. The reality is in most companies what you wear, especially if
behind the scene does not affect what you do or how you do it. However, the perception will be
that you don’t care about your appearance and as an extension your work. If you want to
advance in a company you should be adorned in the dress code policy. That statement holds
more weight if you work with the public. Let’s take a bank teller for example, do you want to
come in the bank and your teller has on a hoodie or a slogan T-shirt? No, but neither effects their
ability to count money or take deposits. Employers and customers perceive professionalism
through dress initially, so in order to have a professional image you must dress in a professional
manner. Both males and females have indicated that the appropriateness of their clothing
affected the quality of their performance and their mood in the workplace. (Peluchette & Karl,
2007). This would be a good time for another breakout session with a guest speaker.
Guest Speaker –Senior Executive of a Notable Firm
The speaker would start out with a quick bio so attendees can see why their opinion is
important. Next the speaker will discuss what their impressions are of inappropriately dressed
employees. How this can negatively affect their career and chances for advancement. When it
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comes time for someone to represent their company, what are some of the factors that would
disqualify an employee from being selected? They could also discuss which dress code is
required at their place of business and why that decision was made.
Perception vs Reality Part II
The comments of the guest speaker will reinforce to employees that they are being
watched. Even if there no written dress code policy, it goes to show there is an expectation.
Research was done regarding hand-washing that will drive home the point about perception and
reality. Bear with me, I know it may seem like a stretch but there is a point to be made. The
research was conducted in two phases, one was a written survey and the second phase was actual
observation and signage. When the students took the written survey 99% of woman and 93% of
men stated they washed their hands. However, when they observed the hand-washing behavior
of students 73% of women and 58% of men actually washed their hands. However, when a sign
was put in a prominent place, the number of people who washed their hands increased (Nichols,
2014). So my point is this the reality is everyone does not wash their hands but the perception is
that we know we should, because otherwise you are viewed in a negative light (i.e. nasty or
unclean). The reality is you don’t have to follow the dress code, but the perception is that you do
in order to advance.
Conformity
I want to be an individual. My clothes make a statement about my personality. This is
America right? How many agree with these statements? They are all true but when it comes to
the workplace you are not an individual in the collective sense, you are an employee and lumped
into a group with your co-workers. Conforming to the dress code of your workplace is the
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expectation. In our previous example of Matt Lauer, he realized dressing appropriately for work
is important, once promoted he wears a suit daily for credibility (Chaney & Martin, 2007). I
personally love the example of TV character Betty Suarez. She appeals to the younger generation
because she is the poster child of non-conformity. Her character shows how not conforming
affects ones chances of promotion or being taken seriously (Burgess-Wilkerson, & Thomas,
2009). While I have previously established that dress and ability are separate, conforming
demonstrates you are willing to play within the rules. To show your willingness to conform starts
when you begin your job search. This is why dressing appropriately for an interview speaks
volumes. It says to your potential employer “I know what is expected and I’m willing to play
within the rules.” At this point I would add the final breakout session; a Human Resource
professional guest speaker.
Guest Speaker –Human Resource Professional
Talking points for the HR professional would be based off of the following questions:
1. How much does dress factors in on the interview process?
2. Two identical candidates from an experience standpoint what determines the
selection?
3. What is their role in helping their organization develop the dress code policy
4. What are some of the repercussions of not following the dress code?
Why Should You Care?
Well let’s consider what happens if you don’t care. If you show up for an interview
dressed unprofessionally what are the chances of getting a job offer? In today’s competitive job
market, and as we slowly move out of the recession good jobs are at a premium, you need
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something to get your foot in the door. Being well dressed is a start. Don’t misunderstand you
need to have skills to back the visual presentation, but first impressions are everything. Take it a
step further: you get the job; there is a promotion available at your place of employment. Who do
you think they will look to promote? If you and another employee have a similar skill set what
will cause your name to get mentioned over another? Yes, it is dress and grooming. So dressing
appropriately for work has a direct impact on your earning potential within your company.
Conformity sounds like such a bad word in our society. Everyone wants to be recognized as an
individual, however in the workplace you conform to dress and stand out as an individual
through your talents. As stated previously, those already working are dressing better to keep their
jobs (Montagne, 2009). This means your competition realizes the importance of appropriate
dress in the workplace. To get to the next level and be ready for opportunity conformity is
necessary. Consider all the research we reviewed, employers are;
1. Expecting employees to be in compliance with the dress code policy.
2. They believe that you are more productive when dressed professional.
3. Conscience that their customers feel you are more capable when dress professional.
4. Aware that you are a direct reflection of the organization and represent them.
So you have to ask yourself how important is success in the workplace? Once you answer that
question you will make sure you are taking the necessary steps to be dressed appropriately in the
workplace. Overall, I found that business casual and professional dress is highly important to
major companies. Most companies have a dress code; whether it is in writing or an unspoken
one, there is an expectation of proper dress in the workplace. Employers expect people to come
through the door knowing that and if you don’t they will move on to the next candidate.
Conforming is necessary to make advancement and there is a true definition for business casual
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which looks different for the genders. My hope is that this training session enlightens the
workforce on what fashion in the workplace should look like, and how it plays a significant role
in their future career goals.
Figure No. 3 Business Professional for Women
Figure No.1 Business Casual for Men
Figure No. 4. Business Professional for Men
Figure No. 2 Business Casual for Women
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References
Boyd, L., (2014) Assignment One, Fashion in the Workplace, English 1102
Burgess – Wilkerson, B., & Thomas, J. (2009). Lessons from ugly betty: business attire as a conformity strategy. Business Communication Quarterly, 72(3), 365-368.
Chaney, L., & Martin, J. (2007). Business dress and grooming. In The Essential Guide toBusiness Etiquette (pp. 13-24). Westport, CT: Praeger.
Confusion reigns in workplace fashion. (2003, May). USA Today Magazine, 131(2696), 6.
Entzminger, A. (2005). Briefing: dress down or up? banking dress codes continue to evolve. ABA Banking Journal, 97(10), 7.
Gardyn, R., & Fetto, J. (2002) Dress code American Demographics, 24(5), 13.
Kiddie, T. (2009). Recent trends in business casual attire and their effects on student jobseekers Business Communication Quarterly, 72(3), 350-354. doi:10.1177/1080569909340681.
Montagne, R. (Narrator). (2009, June 24). Workers dressing better to hold on to jobs [Radio broadcast episode]. In M. Sikka (Producer), Morning Edition. Washington DC: National Public Radio.
Nichols, A. (2014) Actual vs. Reported Behavior Increasing Handwashing in PublicRestrooms. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 73(1), 41-46 doi:10.1024/1421-0185/a000119
Peluchette, J., & Karl, K. (2007). The impact of workplace attire on employeeself-perceptions. Human Resources Development Quarterly, 18(3), 345-357. doi: 10.1002/hrdg.1208
Saiki, D. (2013). Identification of workplace dress by low-income job seekers. Journal ofEmployment Counseling, 50(2), 50-57. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1920.2013.00024.x
Yan, R., Yurchisin, J., & Watchravesringkan, K. (2011). Does formality matter? effects of
employee clothing formality on consumers' service quality expectations and store image perceptions. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 39(5), 346-362. doi: 101109/09590551111130775
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