Herbal Medicine Materia Medica 1
WHMF112 Session 6:
Respiratory System Part III
Immune System (Immunomodulators)
Part I
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au
Session 6
Respiratory System Part II: Lower Respiratory Tract
• Inula helenium
• Euphorbia hirta
• Grindelia camporum
• Thymus vulgaris
Immune System (Immunomodulators) Part I
• Echinacea spp
• Andrographis paniculata
• Scutellaria baicalensis
• Handroanthus inpetiginosus
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 2
Inula helenium
Plant family: Compositae
Parts used: Root
Description:
• Expectorant and vermifuge with
ability to stimulate appetite (bitters)
(Weiss, 1988)
• Warming, pungent aromatic bitter
that contains a high dose f inulin
making this herb a nutritional agent
(Wood, 2008)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 3
(Андрей Корзун. (2012). Inula helenium
Retrieved 20th April, /2014
from<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com
mons/thumb/8/8f/Inula_helenium_05.jpg/360px-
Inula_helenium_05.jpg)
Inula helenium
Historical & Traditional
Prescribing:
• Cough, of a teasing,
persistent character,
accompanied with
substernal pain, and
profuse secretion; atony of
abdominal viscera, with
engorgement and
relaxation; catarrhal
discharges.
(Felter & Lloyd, 1898)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 4
(Luke1ace (2005). Inula helenium Retrieved 20th
April, /2014
fromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Inula_heleniu
m.jpg)
Inula helenium
Cautions / Contraindications / Warnings:
• Known allergy to members of Compositae family
(van Wyk & Wink, 2004)
Pregnancy and Lactation Data:
• According to the BHC Inula helenium is
contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation, however
no substantial basis has been found to support this
(Bone 2003)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 5
Inula helenium
Preparation Adult mL/g Dosage directions &
considerations
Oral
Tincture 1:2 (60%) 20-40mL / week Take up to three times per
day
Decoction of dried root 1.5 - 4g / day
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 6
(Bone, 2003; Fisher 2009)
Qualities: dry/ acrid, warm / pungent, bitter
(Wood, 2008; Thomsen & Gennat, 2009)
Euphorbia hirta
Plant family: Euphorbiaceae
Parts used: Herb
Description:
• Used for respiratory disorders
that involve smooth muscle
spasm. Indicated for intestinal
amoebiasis.
• Has been found to antispasmotic
properties due to the shikimic
acid & choline content
(Medicines Complete, 2014)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 7
(Dulal, K. (2012). Euphorbia Retrieved 20th April, /2014
fromhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thu
mb/1/16/Euphorbia_hirta_NP.JPG/320px-
Euphorbia_hirta_NP.JPG)
Euphorbia hirta
Historical & Traditional Prescribing
• Specific Indications and Uses.—
Spasmodic action of respiratory
muscles, with bronchial irritation.
• Used in spasmodic asthma,
dyspnoea of cardiac disease and
recommended for chronic bronchitis
in old people. It promoted
expectoration, allayed cough, and
has given good results in
emphysema
(Felter & Lloyd 1898)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 8
(Bloem, M. (2009). Euphorbia hirta Retrieved 20th April,
/2014
from<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/th
umb/8/82/Euphorbia_hirta1.JPG/640px-
Euphorbia_h>irta1.JPG>)
Euphorbia hirta
Cautions / Contraindications
• Do not use in children, haemophiliacs, those with
von Willebrand’s disease
Drug/ Herb Interactions:
• Additional effects: ACE inhibitors, Anticoagulants,
barbiturates, cholinesterase inhibitors
• Reduced effects: Anticholinergics
Pregnancy & Lactation
• Contracts & relaxes smooth muscle so is avoided
(Mosby, 2010, Medicines Complete, 2014)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 9
Euphorbia hirta
Preparation Adult mL/g Dosage directions &
considerations
Oral
Powder 120-300mg/ dose
Tincture1:2 (60%) 15-30mL / week Take up to three times
per day
Infusion 120-300mg / dose
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 10
(Mosby, 2010)
Grindelia camporum
Plant family: Compositae
Parts used: Aerial parts
Description:
• Potent antimicrobial, that reduces
smooth muscle spasm, thins thick
mucus and aids expectoration
(resins & saponins)
• Reduces inflammation and is a
cardiac depressant
(Bone 2003; Fisher, 2009)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 11
(Miwasatoshi. (2008). Grindelia camporum
Retrieved 20th April, /2014
fromhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/comm
ons/thumb/7/73/Grindelia-squarrosa-
20080330.JPG/320px-Grindelia-squarrosa-
20080330.JPG)
Grindelia camporum
Historical & Traditional
Prescribing
• Grindelia is a useful remedy in
spasmodic asthma, whooping
cough, bronchitis, and hay fever.
• It is used in heart disease to
slow and regulate the pulse, and
has been strongly
recommended in cystitis and
catarrh of the urinary passages.
(The British Pharmaceutical
Codex, 1911)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 12
(Zell, H. (2009). Grindelia camporum Retrieved 20th April,
/2014
fromhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9
/Grindelia_camporum_003.JPG/360px-
Grindelia_camporum_003.JPG)
Grindelia camporum
Pregnancy and Lactation:
• No adverse effects are expected (Bone 2003)
Quality: odour balsamic, taste aromatic and bitter
(Fisher 2009)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 13
Preparation Adult mL/g Dosage directions &
considerations
Oral Large doses may cause renal
irritation (saponins)
Tincture1:2 (60%) 10-20ml / week Take up to three times per day
Infusion: 2 – 3g infusion /
dose
(BHP 1983; Bone 2003; Fisher 2009,)
Thymus vulgaris
Plant family: Lamiaceae
Parts used: Flowering top, leaf
Description:
• Smooth muscle relaxation of bronchioles
and GIT and sedative effect via GABA
modulation (thymol volatile oil)
• Inhibits platelet aggregation, effective
against microbes, fungus and worms
• Topically is a rubefacient
(Leung, 2010)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 14
(Vicente Selvas, V.M. (2007). Thymus vulgaris
Retrieved 20th April, /2014
fromhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com
mons/thumb/f/f3/Brot_de_farigola2.JPG/354px-
Brot_de_farigola2.JPG)
Thymus vulgaris
Historical & Traditional Prescribing
• Cold infusion for dyspepsia with weak
& irritable stomach & as a stimulating
tonic in convalescence.
• The warm infusion aids hysteria,
dysmenorrhoea, flatulence, colic,
headache & to promote perspiration.
• A strong infusion slightly sweetened,
and mixed with gum Arabic, is a
valuable remedy for whooping-cough,
convulsive and catarrhal coughs, and
sore throat. (Felter & Lloyd 1898)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 15
(Brisse A.H. (2007). Thymus vulgaris
Retrieved 20th April, /2014
fromhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki
/File:Thymus_vulgaris3.jpg)
Thymus vulgaris
Cautions / Contraindications:
• Thyme oil is a skin & mucous membrane irritant
• Thymol: toxic symptoms include nausea, vomiting,
gastric pain, headache dizziness.
Pregnancy & Lactation
• None expected if in the amount used in food
(Barnes, Anderson & Phillipson, 2007)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 16
Thymus vulgaris
Preparation Adult mL/g Dosage directions &
considerations
Oral
Tincture 1:2 (60%) 15-40mL / week Take up to three times
per day
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 17
(Barnes, Anderson & Phillipson, 2007)
Herbal Medicine Materia Medica 1
Immune System (Immunomodulators)
Part I
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au
Immune System
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 19
(Nucleus medical media,. (2013). Components of the immune system, Retrieved 20th April, /2014
from <http://ebsco.smartimagebase.com.ezproxy.endeavour.edu.au:2048/components-of-the-
immune-system/download-one?id=28961418&mt=tmp&decIDs=4506#content>)
Immune System
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 20
(Nucleus medical media. (2013). Antibody immune system response, medical animationRetrieved
20th April, /2014 fromhttp://ebsco.smartimagebase.com.ezproxy.endeavour.edu.au:2048/antibody-
immune-system-response/view-item?ItemID=15529)
Immune System
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 21
(DO11.10, (2006). Immunity, Retrieved 20th April, /2014 from,
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Immunity.png/799px-
Immunity.png>)
Immune
System
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 22
(DO11.10, (2003). B cell activation, Retrieved 20th April, /2014
fromhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/B_cell_activation
.png/640px-B_cell_activation.png)
Immune System
General Herbal Actions to Consider
• Immune depressants
• Immune modulators
• Immune enhancing
Other systems / Organs involved include…?
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 23
Echinacea spp.
Echinacea species refers to several different plants
within the genus.
These include:
• Echinacea angustifolia
• Echinacea pallida
• Echinacea purpurea
(Fisher 2009)
There is much confusion about the botanical identify of
Echinacea in commercial preparations and research
(Blumenthal et al, 1998)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 24
Echinacea spp.
Plant family: Asteraceae
Parts used: Root and aerial parts
Description:
• Action on infective agents (bacteria,
fungus, parasites, viruses) while
stimulating the non-specific immune
system (macrophages &
granulocytes) and T-lymphocyte
activity possibly via polyacetylenes,
alkylamides & essential oils
(Leung, 2010)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 25
(Dy-e. (2007). Echinacea angustifolia Retrieved 20th
April, /2014
fromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Echinacea_angustifo
lia.jpg)
Echinacea spp.
Description Continued:
• Found to reduce the collagen
damage generated by reactive
oxygen species (caffeoyl
derivaties, polysaccharides,
alkamides).
• Reduces the overproduction of pro-
inflammatory cytokines post viral
infection.
(Leung, 2010)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 26
(Lavin, M . (2010). Echinacea purpurea Retrieved 20th
April, /2014
fromhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Echinacea_
purpurea_(4990391475).jpg)
Echinacea spp.
Historical & Traditional
Prescribing
• To correct sepsis and
malignancy in gangrene,
ulcerations, carbuncles,
boils, and various forms of
septicaemia; foul
discharges, discolouration
of skin or mucous
membranes, with a low
form of inflammation.
(Felter & Lloyd, 1898)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 27
(Ernie. (2009). Echinacea angustifolia Retrieved 20th
April, /2014
fromhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Echinacea
_angustifolia_-_01Aug2009_-_01.jpg)
Echinacea spp.
Cautions /
Contraindications:
• Allergy to the Asteraceae
family. Linked to acute
asthma, rash/ urticaria
and anaphylaxis
(Leung, 2010)
Pregnancy and Lactation
Data:
• No adverse effects are
expected
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 28
(Epibase. (2009). Echinacea purpurea Retrieved 20th April, /2014
fromhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Echinacea_purpurea_Merlot1UME
.JPG)
Echinacea spp.
Drug/ Herb Interactions:
• May inhibit cytochrome P4503A4 enzymes
Immunomodulator drugs (decreased effects)he
drugs. Should not be used immediately before,
during, or after transplant surgery
(Mosby, 2010)
Taste: acrid, sweet and warm to the 2nd degree
(Thomsen, 2009)
Odour: mildly aromatic taste, sweet becoming bitter
and causing a tingling sensation on the tongue
(Fisher 2009)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 29
Echinacea spp.
Preparation Adult mL/g Dosage directions & considerations
Oral
Succus: 6-9ml / day Fresh expressed juice
Tincture 1:2 (60%)
Echinacea
purpurea
Echinacea
angustifolia
20-40ml/week
Take 3 -6 times per day dependent
on dose size & acute / chronic
management
Dried herb 1 g/day
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 30
(BHP, 1983; Blumenthal et al., 1998; Bone, 2003; Fisher, 2009)
Andrographis paniculata
Plant family: Acanthaceae
Parts used: Aerial parts
Description:
• Prevention and treatment of
upper respiratory tract infections,
immunostimulant antigen-specific
& non-specific immunity),
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory.
• Bitter taste with liver protective
properties
(Bone, 2003; Davis, 2011)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 31
(Garg, J.M. (2008). Andrographis paniculata
Retrieved 20th April, /2014
from<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Androgr
aphis_paniculata_(Kalpa)_in_Narshapur_forest,_AP_
W2_IMG_0867.jpg>
Andrographis paniculata
Historical & Traditional Prescribing
• Properties of the pure bitters, probably do
not differ from those of the other members
of the family of Gentianaceae. Overdoses
nauseate and oppresses the stomach.
Tonic properties: influences the liver,
promotes bile secretion; restoring healthy
evacuations in cases of habitual
costiveness. Used in dyspepsia, and in
the debility of convalescence
(Remington & Wood 1919)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 32
(Zell, H . (2009). Andrographis
paniculata Retrieved 20th April, /2014
fromhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:Andrographis_paniculata_002.JPG
>)
Andrographis paniculata
Cautions / Contraindications / Warnings:
• Hypersensitivity reaction (Davis, 2011)
• Suspend use 1 week before major surgery (Braun &
Cohen, 2010)
Pregnancy and Lactation Data:
• Anti-fertility effect (animal trials at high dose) – do
not use in those trying to conceive or pregnancy
(especially first trimester)
(Bone 2003; Davis, 2011)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 33
Andrographis paniculata
Drug / Herb Interactions:
• Additive effects: Anticoagulant, antiplatelet,
antihypertensive medication
• Reduced action: Immunosuppressant drugs in
combination with long-term use of herb
(Bone & Mills, 2013)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 34
Andrographis paniculata
Preparation Adult mL/g Dosage directions & considerations
Oral High doses may cause gastric
discomfort, anorexia, emesis, but
generally, very few side effects
occur
Tincture
1:2 (45%)
20-40mL/week Take 3 -6 times per day
dependent on dose size & acute /
chronic management
Dried herb 5 g of herb in cup of hot
water, stand for 10
minutes
Take before meals to aid
dyspepsia
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 35
(Bone 2003; Braun & Cohen 2010)
Scutellaria baicalensis
Plant family: Lamiaceae
Parts used: Root
Description:
• Decreases IL-1 and prostaglandin
synthesis (Mosby, 2010)
• Supports DNA repair, inhibits viral
replication, lipid peroxidation & platelet
aggregation, blocks mast cell
histamine. Stimulates haematopoiesis,
appropriate apoptosis and glomerular
filtration (Mensies-Trull, 2013)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 36
(Ghislain118,. (2005). Scutellaria
baicalensis Retrieved 20th April, /2014
fromhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:Scutellaria_baicalensis_3.JPG)
Scutellaria baicalensis
Historical & Traditional
Prescribing
• TCM herb used to clear ‘heat &
damp’. Heat-associated
symptoms include fever,
irritability, thirst, cough,
expectoration of thick , yellow
sputum. Damp-associated
symptoms include diarrhoea,
heavy sensation in chest,
painful urination.
(Bensky & Gamble 1986)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 37
(Doronenko. (2007). Scutellaria baicalensis
Retrieved 20th April, /2014
fromhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scu
tellaria_baicalensis_flowers.jpg
Scutellaria baicalensis
Herb/Drug Interactions:
• May inhibit CYP450 enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2E1).
Theoretical with no current adverse reactions
reported.
• Additive effect: increased bleeding times if combined
with warfarin/anticoagulants. Don’t use.
(Braun & Cohen 2014)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 38
Scutellaria baicalensis
Pregnancy and Lactation Data:
• No adverse reactions expected (Bone 2003)
• Traditional usage in pregnancy. May inhibit
maternal-foetal interface immunity reducing the
chance of spontaneous abortion in some instances.
Safety in pregnancy is still unknown.
(Braun & Cohen, 2014)
Side effects / Adverse Events:
• None expected if taken within the recommended
dosage range. Very low toxicity.
(Leung, 2010)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 39
Scutellaria baicalensis
Preparation Adult mL/g Dosage directions & considerations
Oral Acute conditions effects should
be noted within a few days, while
for chronic diseases long-term
use is recommended.
Tincture 1:2
(60%)
30-60mL/ week Take up to three times per day
Dried herb 6-15 g/day
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 40
Taste: bitter and cold (Thomsen & Gennat, 2009)
(Braun & Cohen, 2014; Menzies-Trull, 2013)
Handroanthus inpetiginosus
Plant family: Bignoniaceae
Previously known as: Tabebuia
avellanedae
Parts used: Bark
Description:
• Maintains a healthy immune
system and is a broad
spectrum antimicrobial agent.
Anti-inflammatory, astringent,
decongestant.
(Menzies-Trull, 2013)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 41
(Star, F. & Star, K. (2007). Tabebuia impetiginosa
Retrieved 20th April, /2014
fromhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Starr_0702
21-4701_Tabebuia_impetiginosa.jpg)
Handroanthus inpetiginosus
Historical & Traditional
Prescribing
• Used by the Incas & Brazilian
Indians to treat eczema,
psoriasis, fungal infections &
skin cancers. The inner bark
was used for dysentery, fever,
sore throat, wounds &
carcinoma.
(Evans Shultz & Raffauf 1990)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 42
(Halleypo. (2011). Handroanthus impetiginosus Retrieved
20th April, /2014
fromhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ipe_rosa_tabeb
uia_avellanedae_parque_flamengo.jpg)
Handroanthus inpetiginosus
Cautions / Herb - Drug Interactions:
• Additive effect with anticoagulants due to
napthaquinones (lapachol)
Pregnancy and Lactation:
• Caution in pregnancy resulting from possible
abortive and teratogenic actions of napthaquinones
(lapachol)
(Bone, 2003; Brinker 2010)
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 43
Handroanthus inpetiginosus
Preparation Adult mL/g Dosage directions & considerations
Oral Adverse reactions have been
recorded during clinical trails using
lapachol but no evidence has been
found to suggest Pau d’arco would
cause similar effects.
Tincture 1:2 (45%) 20- 50mL/wk Take up to three times per day
Dried inner bark 1.5gm/ dose
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 44
Taste: Bitter and cold (Thomsen & Gennat, 2009)
(Bone 2003; Menzies-Trull, 2013)
References
(2010). Echinacea. In Leung's encyclopedia of common natural ingredients: Used in
food, drugs and cosmetics, Wiley, Hoboken, USA. Retrieved 11 July 2014, Credo
Reference
(2010). Echinacea. In Mosby's handbook of herbs & natural supplements, Philadelphia,
USA. Elsevier Health Sciences, Retrieved11 July 2014 from Credo Reference
(2010) Skullcap, baikal (huangqin). In Leung's encyclopedia of common natural
ingredients: Used in food, drugs and cosmetics, Wiley, Hoboken, USA. Retrieved
11 July 2014 from Credo Reference
(2010) Skullcap. In Mosby's handbook of herbs & natural supplements, Elsevier Health
Sciences
Bensky, D. & Gamble, A. (1986). A Chinese Herbal Materia Medica, Seattle
USA. Eastland press.
Blumenthal, M. (1998). Herbal medicine : The complete German commission E
monographs. Newton, Massachusetts USA: Integrative Medicine Communications.
Blumenthal, M. (1998). Herbal medicine : The complete German commission E
monographs. Newton, Massachusetts USA: Integrative Medicine Communications.
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 45
References
Bone, K., & Mills, S. (2013). Principles and practice of phytotherapy (2nd ed.). New
York, USA. Churchill Livingston Elsevier.
Bone, K. (2003). A clinical guide to blending liquid herbs: Herbal formulations for
the individual patient. St. Louis, Missouri. Churchill Livingston.
Braun, L., & Cohen, M. (2010). Herbs and natural supplements: An evidence based
approach, vol. 2 (4th ed.). Chatswood, NSW. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.
Braun, L., & Cohen, M. (2010). Herbs and natural supplements: An evidence based
approach (3rd ed.). Chatswood, NSW. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.
Brinker, F. (2010). Herbal contraindications and drug interactions plus herbal
adjuncts with medicines (2nd ed.). Sandy, Oregon. Eclectic Medical
Publications.
British Herbal Medicine Association
British Herbal Pharmacopoeia. (1983). Bournemouth UK. British Herbal Medicine
Association
(2010). Thyme. In Leung's encyclopedia of common natural ingredients: Used in food,
drugs and cosmetics, Hoboken, USA. Wiley. Retrieved 11 July 2014 from Credo
Reference
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 46
References
(2010). Pill-bearing spurge. In Mosby's handbook of herbs & natural supplements,
Philadelphia, USA. Elsevier Health Sciences. Retrieved 11 July 2014 from Credo
Reference
ESCOP Monographs. (2nd ed.). (2003). European Scientific Cooperative on
Phytotherapy: Exeter UK.
Evans Shultz, R. & Raffauf, R.F. (1990). The Healing Forest: Medicinal and Toxic plants
of The Northwest Amazonia, Portland. USA. Dioscorides Press.
Felter, H.W., & Lloyd, J.U. (1989). King's American Dispensatory, Retrieved 20th
February, 2015 fromhttp://www.henriettes-herb.com/eclectic/kings.html
Fisher, C. (2009). Materia medica of western herbs. Nelson, New Zealand. Vitex Medic.
Menzies-Trull, C. (2013). Herbal medicine: Keys to physiomedicalism including
pharmacopoeia, (2nd ed.). London, England. Faculty of Physiomedical Herbal
Medicine.
Mills, S., & Bone, K. (2000). Principles and practice of phytotherapy. London UK.
Churchill Livingston.
Thomsen, M., & Gennat, H. (2009). Phytotherapy desk reference. Global Natural
Medicine Pty Ltd l. Retrieved 20th February, 2015 from
www.globalnaturalmedicine.com
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 47
Tutorial
Session 6
Tutorial
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 49
(Realtime video, asthma triggers in childhood, Retrieved 17th July, 2015 from
<http://realtimehealth.com.au.ezproxy.endeavour.edu.au:2048/conditions/asthma/childhood>)
Tutorial
Layla: 42 years old, 178cm (height) 77kg (weight)
BP 140/90, HR 86 BPM
Presenting Complaint: chronic sinusitis for 10 years:
• Presents every three months, lasts for 4-6 weeks.
• Begins with cold-like symptoms (runny nose, clear
mucus) and watery eyes. Lasts for 1 week.
• In this time has trouble getting off to sleep, and
wakes very tired.
• Mucus turns yellow & sticky & is hard to blow out.
Sinuses & ears become sore & dull ache. Lasts
for about 4 weeks. Recurrence 4-5 x year.
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 50
Tutorial
Presenting complaint
• Sore & inflamed throat. This occurs 1-2 days prior
to the chronic sinus bout. If the throat symptoms
get better then Layla does not get a bout of
sinusitis.
Past Medical History
• Has a history of asthma as a child – began around
3 years old, still occurs Triggers: cold weather,
dust, pollen, exercise, sinus infection
• Tonsils removed when she was 8 years old
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 51
Tutorial
Immune System
• Has contact dermatitis, which is irritated by the
chemicals at her work (cleaner).
• Positive skin prick test to dust mite, grasses
Nervous System
• Her work life is highly stressed
• When sick feels uptight and irritated
• Headaches (face & forehead) with sinusitis,
better during a shower, hot compress. Worse
cold air.
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 52
Tutorial
Break into groups (three per group) or individually
Within your groups / individuals identify the important
areas of Layla’s health:
• considering the underlying causes
• when each of these started
• what the symptoms are now
• what makes these better or worse
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 53
Tutorial
Based on this information create short term & long term
treatment goals
• considering the system/ symptom that you are
working on
• what you are going to do – action / s
• what the body will do
• then the expected outcome (specific herbal action)
Example: work on the nervous system by using a
hypnotic herb to increase the body’s production of
GABA to improve the client’s ability to fall asleep.
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 54
Tutorial
• Once the treatment goals have been generated
create a list of herbs that fit the actions identified
within each goal
• From this list pick the herbs that best suit the case &
then generate a herbal prescription (type of herbal
delivery: tablets, decoctions, tinctures) including
amounts per dose, required doses per week and the
specific directions that suit your client
Class discuss their findings to the group
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 55
Recommended Readings
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 56
Fisher, C. (2009). Materia Medica of Western Herbs. Nelson. New
Zealand. Vitex Medica.
• Inula helenium p.45-46
• Euphorbia hirta p.98-99
• Grindelia camporum p.44-45
• Thymus vulgaris p.151-152
• Viola odorata p.258-259
• Echinacea spp p. 38-42
• Scutellaria baicalensis p. 149-150
• Handroanthus impetiginosus/ Tabebuia avallanedae p. 64-66
Recommended Readings
Braun, L., & Cohen, M. (2010). Herbs and natural supplements: An
evidence based approach, vol. 2 (4th ed.). Chatswood, NSW.
Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.
• Andrographis p. 33-40
• Baical skullcap p. 48-61
• Echinacea p. 285-297
• Thyme p. 982-985
Hechtman, L., Harris, K., & Bridgman, K. (2011). The Immune
system. In L. Hechtman, Clinical Naturopathic Medicine
Churchill Livingstone Elsevier pp. 280-5, 289-94, 337-343
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 57
Recommended Readings
American Botanical Society. (2013). Expanded Commission E
Online
• Thymus vulgaris
World Health Organisation. (1999). WHO monographs on selected
medicinal plants Volume 1. Vol. 2. Geneva Switzerland, World
Health Organisation.
• Monograph on Echinacea angustifolia
http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js2200e/15.html
• Monograph on Thymus vulgaris
http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js2200e/28.html
• Monograph on Echinacea purpurea
http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js2200e/16.html
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 58
Recommended Readings
World Health Organisation. (2002). WHO monographs on selected
medicinal plants Volume 2. Geneva Switzerland: World Health
Organisation.
• Monograph on Andrographis
http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js4927e/4.html
• Monograph on Echinacea by Alternative Medicine Review 2001
Thorne Research Vol 6 No 4 pp. 412414
http://www.altmedrev.com/publications/6/4/411.pdf
© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 59
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