Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
REHVA Seminar at
AQUATHERM 2014
Technologies for nZEB
March 5 2014 – 12h00-14h00
Prague, Czech Republic
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
Seminar Programme 12.00-12.20 IEQ and high energy performance buildings
Karel Kabele, CTU in Prague, REHVA President
12.20-12.40 nZEB definitions in Europe
Jarek Kurnitski, Tallinn University of Technology, REHVA Vice-
President
12.40-13.00 HVAC impact on building valuation
Frank Hovorka, Caisse des Dépôts, REHVA Vice-President
13.00-13.20 Energy saving of HVAC systems with continuous monitoring
Zoltan Magyar, Budapest University of Technology, REHVA Vice-
President
13.20-13.40 EN15603 and other 2nd generation of EPB standards: a firm
basis for the NZEB definition
Jaap Hogeling, ISSO, Chair CENTC 371 Program Committee on
EPBD
13.40-14.00 Q&A
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
REHVA professional organisation
representing more than
100 000
building services engineers
from 26 European countries
Established in 1963
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
• More than 100 000 individual members of NA
• Co - operation with more than 1500 industrial companies
• Over 20 journals with more than 110 issues per year
• Close to 100 congresses per year- focus on HVAC and energy
• Hundreds of training events
• Support to more than 10 regular international exhibitions
• But… 26 national languages!
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
REHVA Supporters
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
Daily activities of REHVA
REHVA
Committees
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
Technology and Research Committee
International working-groups, focusing on areas where development and/or
dissemination of knowledge is needed
• Indoor climate and energy of school
buildings
• Building simulation
• Air conditioning inspections
• HVAC in large commercial buildings
• Low energy cooling and thermal comfort
• Advanced air distribution systems
• HVAC for building owners
Task Forces
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
REHVA Task Forces - Guidebooks 2014 - 20 Guidebooks
Available on www.rehva.eu or through National associations 8 REHVA
seminar at
AQUATHER
M 2014
prof.Karel Kabele
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
• Focus on European HVAC technology, policy and regulations
• Six issues a year
• Technical articles
• Website www.rehva.eu
• International editorial board
• Prof. Olli Seppänen, Editor-in-Chief
Publishing and marketing committee
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
Education committee
REHVA Seminars, workshops, courses
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
Education committee
REHVA Student Design Competition for
graduate student and master students.
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
BASIC FACTS
955 participants
60 countries
5 continents
6882 pages proceedings
Year City Papers
1975 Milano
1980 Budapest
1985 Copenhagen 400+
1989 Sarajevo 400
1993 London 229
1997 Brussels 151
2001 Naples 300
2005 Lausanne 300
2007 Helsinki 480
2010 Antalya 517
2013 Praha 702
2016 Aalborg ???
CLIMA HISTORY
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president
1. Energy Efficient Heating, Cooling and
Ventilation of Buildings 23,6%
2. Renewable and High-Efficient Energy Sources
5,9%
3. Advanced Heating, Cooling, Ventilation
and Air- Conditioning Systems for Buildings
11,1%
4. Energy Efficient Domestic Hot Water
Supply Systems 1,0%
5. Sanitary Systems - Hygiene of Domestic
Water Supply Systems, Efficient Use of Potable Water, Environmental
Friendly Sewage Disposal
0,9%
6. Advanced Technologies for
Building Acoustics 0,2%
7. Artificial and Day Lighting
1,9%
8. Technologies for Intelligent Buildings
5,4%
9. Quality of Indoor Environment
22,1%
10. Building Certification Schemes
2,8%
11. Integrated Building Design 4,3%
12. Commissioning and Facility Management
3,0%
13. HVAC Best Practise Examples
1,6%
14. Directive on Energy Performance of Buildings
Implementation 4,6%
15. Zero Energy Buildings
6,9%
16. HVAC in Historical Buildings
3,5% 17. Fire Safety of the
Buildings 1,1%
Papers topics
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
INDOOR ENVIRONMENT IN HIGH ENERGY PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS
REHVA seminar at
AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 14
Prof. Ing. Karel Kabele, CSc. CTU in Prague
Indoor Environment of Buildings
Up to 90 % of our life we spend indoors… ( SZÚ 2012)
4% 7%
68%
16%
5%
Streets with traffic
Out off the streets
Living space
Other interior spaces
Means of transport
Source: Braniš, M., Kolomazníková, J. (2010)
Year-long continuous personal exposure to PM2.5
recorded by a fast responding portable
nephelometer. Atmospheric Environment 44(24):
2865-2872
Indoor Environment of Buildings
• Ind. Environment influences:
– Health
– Productivity
– Comfort
J. Adam Huggins for The New York Times 26.7.2007
Indoor Environment of Buildings
=
Internal Microclimate
=
Indoor Environment (IE)
Indoor environment of buildings
Heat - moisture
Air
Lighting
Acoustics
Psychic
Elmg field
Indoor Environment of Buildings Components of IE
– Heat - moisture
– Air quality • gases
• aerosols
• microorganisms
– Acoustics
– Lighting
– Electro -static, -ion, -magnetic, ionizing and radiation field
– Psychological comfort (colors, surfaces, architecture ...)
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 19
Source : Jokl 1986
Rehva GB 6
Ventilation rates and sick leave
Rehva GB 6
Temperature and performance
ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF THE BUILDINGS
REHVA seminar at
AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 23
Energy performance of building
Energy performance
Heat
Cool
Air Light
Hot water
… means the calculated or measured amount of energy needed to meet the energy demand associated with a typical use of the building, which includes, inter alia, energy used for: – Heating – Cooling – Ventilation – Hot water – Lighting….
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 24
Source: DIRECTIVE 2010/31/EU
IEQ PROBLEMS IN ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS
REHVA seminar at
AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 31
Building Envelope Facade
– Thermal insulation - limit?
– Advanced materials • Vacuum insulation
• PCM materials
– active facades • Double facades
• Smart "shading„
• Integrated PV, PT systems
Reduction of heating and cooling need
zdroj: autor
zdroj: http://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/photo/aerogel.html
Zdroj:autor
zdroj: autor
Building envelope
Windows
• Glazing
• Thermal bridges
Active glazing
– electrochromic?
Heat losses and heat load
minimizing
Ensuring daylight
zdroj: autor
zdroj: autor
Heating of buildings
Heating • Renewable sources
• Heat storage
• Efficient sources
• Efficient heat distribution (pumps)
• Heat emission
• Measurement and control
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 34
Efficient power and power control
Renewables
zdroj: autor
zdroj: autor
zdroj: autor
Building and Indoor Environment…
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 35
Energy performanc
e
Heating
Cooling, moistenin
g
Ventilation
Artificial Lighting
Domestic hot water
Indoor environment of buildings
Heat - moisture
Air
Lighting
Acoustics
Elmg field
Psych
Cooling
• Reducing heat load
• Efficient chillers
• Accumulation of cold
• Efficient cold distribution
• „High-temperature“ cooling
• Control and strategy(night ventilation)
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 36
Passive systems
Efficient power and power control
Renewable cold sources
zdroj: autor
zdroj: autor
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 37
Energy performanc
e
Heating
Cooling, moistenin
g
Ventilation
Artificial Lighting
Domestic hot water
Indoor environment of buildings
Heat - moisture
Air
Lighting
Acoustics
Elmg field
Psych
Building and Indoor Environment…
Ventilation
• Ventilation air amount optimization
• CO2, VOC, IAQ sensors
• Low-pressure distribution network
• Natural ventilation
• Control strategy
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 38
Natural ventilation systems
Controlled mechanical ventilation
source: http://passivesolar.weebly.com
zdroj: autor
zdroj: autor
zdroj: autor
Example: a consequence of "energy conscious" user behavior
Source : Kabele 2006
Case study: Refurbished apartment
• Modern, tight windows
• Natural ventilation strategy?
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
10
:22
11
:49
13
:16
14
:43
16
:10
17
:37
19
:04
20
:31
21
:58
23
:25
0:5
22
:19
3:4
65
:13
6:4
08
:07
9:3
41
1:0
11
2:2
81
3:5
51
5:2
21
6:4
91
8:1
61
9:4
32
1:1
02
2:3
70
:04
1:3
12
:58
4:2
55
:52
7:1
98
:46
10
:13
11
:40
13
:07
14
:34
16
:01
17
:28
18
:55
20
:22
21
:49
23
:16
0:4
32
:10
3:3
75
:04
6:3
1
ČAS
Ko
nce
ntr
ace
[p
pm
]
1000 ppm CO2
CO2
rHe
Ti
rHi
Te
Apartment - bedroom
night night day night day day
SCHOOL
Windows closed
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
7:0
0
7:1
6
7:3
2
7:4
8
8:0
4
8:2
0
8:3
6
8:5
2
9:0
8
9:2
4
9:4
0
9:5
6
10
:12
10
:28
10
:44
11
:00
11
:16
11
:32
11
:48
12
:04
12
:20
12
:36
12
:52
13
:08
13
:24
13
:40
13
:56
14
:12
14
:28
14
:44
15
:00
15
:16
15
:32
15
:48
16
:04
16
:20
16
:36
16
:52
17
:08
17
:24
17
:40
17
:56
CO
2 [p
pm
]
Ta [
°C]
, Rh
[%
], p
oče
t žá
ků, p
olo
ha
okn
a
čas
POČET ŽÁKŮ POLOHA OKEN TEPLOTA VZDUCHU RELATIVNÍ VLHKOST VENKOVNÍ TEPLOTA KONCENTRACE CO2
1
2 1000 ppm
1500 ppm
Windows opened before lesson
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
6:0
0
6:0
9
6:1
8
6:2
7
6:3
6
6:4
5
6:5
4
7:0
3
7:1
2
7:2
1
7:3
0
7:3
9
7:4
8
7:5
7
8:0
6
8:1
5
8:2
4
8:3
3
8:4
2
8:5
1
9:0
0
9:0
9
9:1
8
9:2
7
9:3
6
9:4
5
9:5
4
10
:03
10
:12
10
:21
10
:30
10
:39
10
:48
10
:57
11
:06
11
:15
11
:24
11
:33
11
:42
11
:51
12
:00
12
:09
12
:18
12
:27
CO
2 [
pp
m]
Ta [
°C]
, Rh
[%
], p
oče
t žá
ků, p
olo
ha
okn
a
čas
POČET ŽÁKŮ POLOHA OKEN TEPLOTA VZDUCHU RELATIVNÍ VLHKOST VENKOVNÍ TEPLOTA KONCENTRACE CO2
3
4
1000 ppm
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 45
Energy performanc
e
Heating
Cooling, moistenin
g
Ventilation
Artificial Lighting
Domestic hot water
Indoor environment of buildings
Heat - moisture
Air
Lighting
Acoustics
Elmg field
Psych
Building and Indoor Environment…
Light
Daylight and mixed lighting
Light ducts
Effective sources - LED?
Control
Daylighting
Artificial – new sources
zdroj: autor
zdroj: autor
zdroj: autor
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 47
Energy performanc
e
Heating
Cooling, moistenin
g
Ventilation
Artificial Lighting
Domestic hot water
Indoor environment of buildings
Heat - moisture
Air
Lighting
Acoustics
Elmg field
Psych
Building and Indoor Environment…
Domestic Hot Water
• DHW consumption!!
• Efficient DHW generation
• Temperature
• Distribution network – Circulation
– Control
• Legionella!!!!
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 48
0
20
40
60
Hot water demand litres/shower
Water temperature –
hygiene
Human factor
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
6,00
7,00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Co
ld w
ate
r (
w/o
DH
W)
l/p
ers
/hr
hod
Cold water use in residential building
Monday
TuesdayWednesdayThursdayFriday
SaturdaySunday
zdroj: autor
zdroj: autor
source:
http://www.waterhygieneireland.ie
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 49 Source : Kabele, Dvořáková 2012
Energy performanc
e
Heating
Cooling, moistenin
g
Ventilation
Artificial Lighting
Domestic hot water
Indoor environment of buildings
Heat - moisture
Air
Lighting
Acoustics
Elmg field
Psych
Building and Indoor Environment…
REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 50
Source : Kabele, Dvořáková 2012
Energy performanc
e
Heating
Cooling, moistenin
g
Ventilation
Artificial Lighting
Domestic hot water
Indoor environment of buildings
Heat - moisture
Air
Lighting
Acoustics
Elmg field
Psych
Building and Indoor Environment…
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Karel Kabele
REHVA seminar at
AQUATHERM 2014 prof.Karel Kabele 51