Regional Cooperation for Integrating DRR and CCA in South Asia
Sanjay SrivastavaHeadSAARC Disaster Management [email protected]
South AsiaSouth Asia
• Shared Vulnerability
• Depth of Vulnerability
• Induced Vulnerability (Climate
Change/Variability )
• Platform for Regional
Cooperation
• Collective Wisdom and
Political Will
• Institutional Mechanisms
Regional Cooperation – The Drivers
Shared Vulnerability Shared Vulnerability Natural hazard endemic to the common geology, ecosystems,
social and economic settings and thus every disaster has a
regional impact :
• Aug 2008 Koshi floods hit Eastern part of Nepal and
North Bihar, India subsequently
• South Asian Floods 2007 - More than 3700 dead and 60
million affected in Nepal, India and Bangladesh
• Cyclones of Bay of Bengal affect coastal regions of India
and Bangladesh; Cyclones of Arabian
Sea hit both the coasts of Gujarat in India
and Sindh in Pakistan
• Indian Ocean Tsunami wounded four
South Asian countries
Depth of Vulnerability Depth of Vulnerability • South Asia - A Disaster ‘Hotspot’
• Last year in 2007, for instance, the CRED reported top five
countries in the world who were hit hardest by the natural
disasters.
▫ First two were Bangladesh and India while Pakistan
occupied the fourth position.
▫ This is not the exception but a fact highlighting the
comparative vulnerability of the region.
▫ Causes huge loss of life and property - estimated GDP loss
range between 2 to 20% and revenue loss between 12 to
66%
▫ Affects Poverty Alleviation, Food Security and Sustainable
Development Outcomes
Induced Vulnerability Induced Vulnerability (Climate Change/Variability)
• Two thirds of the disasters the region experiences are of
climate related
• There have been phenomenal increase in their frequency,
severity and unpredictability in the recent times
• Climate Risk – on the Rise
Areas of Specific Focus Areas of Specific Focus
• Climate Change and Natural Disasters linkages – From
Science & Policy to Action
• Promoting Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) as a tool for
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
Major Milestones Major Milestones –– Global.. Global..
Hyogo Framework of Action (HFA) – 2005-2015� Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities
� Integrating DRR tools viz., vulnerability and risk
assessments, early warning systems, land-use
planning, farming system etc into CCA
� DRR to be integrated into all sectors of development
planning
Bali Action Plan 2007 � Enhanced action on adaptation - risk management risk
sharing, transfer mechanisms – insurance…
� Promotion of DRR as a tool for climate change
adaptation
Major Milestones Major Milestones –– SAARC Region.. SAARC Region.. •The SAARC Summit (New Delhi, April 2007) called for a
‘climate resilient’ development paradigm in South Asia
•The SAARC Council of Ministers adopted the SAARC
Declaration on Climate Change (Dec 2007)
•SAARC Ministerial Conference on Climate Change (July, 2008) – adopted SAARC Action Plan on Climate Change and Dhaka Declaration
•The SAARC Summit (Colombo, August 2008) endorsed
SAARC Action Plan on Climate Change
SAARC Action Plan on SAARC Action Plan on
Climate ChangeClimate ChangeSeven thematic areas and six priority action plans
Major Highlights – DRR and CCA Integration
▫ Adaptation to extreme climate events viz., flood, cyclone,
glacial outburst, droughts and heat and cold waves;
▫ Adaptation to climate change impact viz., sea level rise,
salinity intrusion, glacier melt and coastal and soil erosion;
▫ Sharing of information and capacity building in the
management of climate change impacts and risks, early
forecasting, warning and adaptation measures.
SAARC is now transitioning itself from a declaratory to
implementation phase and thereby envisages playing more
enabling roles in addressing the regional issues
In this phase, all thematic Regional Centres (five out of ten)
are going to be the real workhorses pursuing SAARC agenda
on climate change mitigation and adaptation
SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC) is to place focus on incorporating DRR into CCA
SAARC Mechanisms : SAARC Mechanisms :
A Paradigm Shift A Paradigm Shift
Institutionalization of Regional Cooperation for
Disaster Management based on HFA and SAARC
Framework of Disaster Management
SAARC Disaster Management SAARC Disaster Management
Centre (SDMC)Centre (SDMC)Uniqueness
‘Mandated’ by SAARC Summits..
‘Owned’ by SAARC Members
‘Inclusive’ Work programmes
‘Networking’ the DM Networks – Global , National..
SCDM
Afghanistan
Sri Lanka
Pakistan
Bhutan
Maldives
India
Nepal
Bangladesh
National Focal Points of National Focal Points of
Member CountriesMember Countries
Bangladesh: DMB
Bhutan: MH&CA
India: NIDM/MHA
Maldives: NDMC
Nepal: MHA
Pakistan: NDMA
Sri Lanka: MDMHR
Afghanistan: ANDMA
Thematic Regional Workshops•Community based DRR, •S&T Applns – EWS and Risk Assessment•Coastal & Marine Risk Reduction•Climate Change & DRR, •Mainstreaming DRR,•Seismic Risk Reduction •Risk Assessment in SA..
Thematic Regional Workshops•Community based DRR, •S&T Applns – EWS and Risk Assessment•Coastal & Marine Risk Reduction•Climate Change & DRR, •Mainstreaming DRR,•Seismic Risk Reduction •Risk Assessment in SA..
Advocacy/ Alliances -Asian DM MINCONF, UN-ISDR GFDR,UNDP –SA ERRP, UN-OCHA, ADRC..
Advocacy/ Alliances -Asian DM MINCONF, UN-ISDR GFDR,UNDP –SA ERRP, UN-OCHA, ADRC..
Capacity Development Training Need Analysis and HRD Plans, Region specific Trainings, modules and plans, Networking for specialized training
Capacity Development Training Need Analysis and HRD Plans, Region specific Trainings, modules and plans, Networking for specialized training
SDMCSDMC –– Key Products & Services Key Products & Services
Strategic PillarsNetwork with national focal pointsand with the concerned regionaland international bodies
A network of networkinginstitutions to facilitate quick acquisition, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information, data and knowledge
Operational Projects-South Asia Disaster Knowledge Networks (SADKN)..
Operational Projects-South Asia Disaster Knowledge Networks (SADKN)..
Research Projects-Indigenous Knowledge-Digital Vulnerability Atlas
Research Projects-Indigenous Knowledge-Digital Vulnerability Atlas
Knowledge Magnt.-Dev of Tools, Advisories, -Policy Notes/inputs..
Knowledge Magnt.-Dev of Tools, Advisories, -Policy Notes/inputs..
Regular Publications-SA Disasters Updates, -News letters, SA Disaster-Journal (bi-annual)- SA Annual DM Report
Regular Publications-SA Disasters Updates, -News letters, SA Disaster-Journal (bi-annual)- SA Annual DM Report
Special Publications-SA Regional Study on the -Causes & Consequences..
Special Publications-SA Regional Study on the -Causes & Consequences..
SDMC: Knowledge Management (KM) StrategySADKN and a repository of SA Indigenous Knowledge base viz.,
seismic resilient habitats in Nepal, coping and resilience of coastal
hazards in Sri Lanka and Drought in Arid India..
NationalTWC
NationalTWC
NationalTWC
NationalTWC
NationalTWC
NationalTWC
NationalTWC
NationalTWC
NationalTWC
NationalTWC
NationalTWC
NationalTWC
Unlocking ofIndigenous Knowledge-Documentation-Replication -CBDRR
Unlocking ofIndigenous Knowledge-Documentation-Replication -CBDRR
RegionalTWC
RegionalTWC
RegionalTWC
RegionalTWCRegional
TWC
RegionalTWC
Interlocking ofKnowledge Institutions -South Asia Disaster Knowledge Networks
Interlocking ofKnowledge Institutions -South Asia Disaster Knowledge Networks
Creating the Regional Knowledge
Repository for Disaster Risk
Reduction in South Asia
Bottom-up Approach
Academia
R&D Organizations
Operational Agencies
Two prong Strategies Two prong Strategies
Top-down Approach
DRR and CCA Coupling in SAARC Region DRR and CCA Coupling in SAARC Region
National Efforts – Emerging Signals• National Adaptation Programme for Action (NAPA) –
Bhutan, Bangladesh, Maldives, Nepal (Under-preparation)
• Draft Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan - (2008) –
Bangladesh
• National Environment Protection Act (NEPA) – Afghanistan
• National Environmental policy 2005 Pakistan
• National Action Plan on Climate Change in June 2008,
National Communications UNFCC- India (8 Major National
Missions, spending 2% GDP on Adaptation in multiple
sectors of development)
• Adaptation an empirical phenomena – locale specific, cross-
sectoral and within specific context of vulnerability
• Adaptation interventions are meant to reduce vulnerability
and /or enhance adaptive capacity to climate risk
• Despite many similarities between adaptation actions and
DRR, they are yet to integrated operationally because of:
- diverse constituencies,
- policy disconnects,
- lack of inter-sectoral communications/dialogues etc.
- inadequate data, coordination and financial resources.
• Lack of Regional Cooperation in:
- monitoring, data exchange and policy development
- adaptation research, information and training
Key Lessons and ExperiencesKey Lessons and Experiences
DRR – CCA Integration
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)- Early Warning Systems (EWS), HVR Assessment/Monitoring,
Mitigation & Preparedness Strategies, Response Strategies
..
•Human Health
•Food, Water &
Environment Security
•Energy
•Agriculture & forestry
•Trade & tourism
•Industry, Mining etc
•Land use, settlements
Institutional Networking
Integration of Technologies
Targeting Climate Risk HotspotsDesigning DRR StrategiesClimate & EWS Info in CCA
Mainstreaming DRR & CCA coupling
Areas of Convergence
-Coastal Zone Management-Watershed Development -Land Use Planning -Settlements Planning-Floodplain Management..
Areas of Divergence -Diverse institutional structure-Disconnected Policies, Planning and Programmes-Lack of relevant information-Ad-hoc Short term Approaches
Climate Change Adaptation (CCA)
Priority Areas
• To formulate appropriate process and programme guidelines
for integration of DRR in CCA projects and vice versa in
respect of floods, cyclones, droughts and glacial lake outbursts
• Technology need assessment - those related to Early Warning
Systems for cyclone, floods and drought
• Research study on micro-credit, micro-insurance and crop
Insurance in selected climate risk hotspots of the region
• Tool kits for Education and Awareness Building
• Training Modules on Climate Risk Assessment
• Conduct regional training programme for capacity building on
climate risk assessment
SDMC Road Map on DRRSDMC Road Map on DRR--CCA CouplingCCA Coupling
Value of Zero !!
0
Management
0Technology
,0
HRD
0BPR
,0
Infrastructure
0Partnership
0
Resources
Leadership & vision
Despite the hard lessons in the past, SAARC Action Plan on Climate Change is the product of leadership and a collective vision towards building a ‘Climate Resilient South Asia’ thru’Regional Cooperation
www.sdmc-nic.in