Regents Biology 2007-2008
Cellular RespirationHarvesting Chemical Energy
ATP
Regents Biology
Respiration Must have enzymes!!!
C6H12O6 + 6O26CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Photosynthesis Must have enzymes & light &
chlorophyll!!!!
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Regents Biology
Energy needs of life Animals are energy consumers
What do we need energy for? synthesis (building) reproduction active transport (pumping) movement temperature control (making heat)
Regents Biology
Where do we get energy? Energy is stored in organic molecules
carbohydrates, fats, proteins Animals eat these organic molecules food
digest food to get fuels for energy (ATP) raw materials for building more molecules
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids
Regents Biology 2007-2008
ATP
What is energy in biology?
Whoa! HOT stuff!
Adenosine TriPhosphate
Regents Biology
Harvesting energy stored in food Cellular respiration
breaking down food to produce ATP in mitochondria using oxygen
usually digesting glucose but could be other sugars,
fats, or proteins
glucose + oxygen carbon + water + energydioxide
C6H12O6 6O26CO2 6H2O ATP+ + + + heat
Regents Biology
What do we need to make energy? The “Furnace” for making energy
mitochondria
Fuel food
carbohydrates, fats, proteins
The Helpers oxygen
“aerobic” enzymes
O2
food
ATP
Make ATP!Make ATP!
All I do all day…And no one
even notices!
enzymes
Regents Biology
Mitochondria are everywhere!!
animal cellsanimal cells plant cellsplant cells
Regents Biology
CO2 + H2O + heatfuel
(carbohydrates)
O2
“Burn fuels” to make energycombustionmaking heat energy by burning fuels in one step
ATP
CO2 + H2O + ATP (+ heat)
aerobic respirationmaking ATP energy (& some heat) by burning fuels in many small steps
food(carbohydrates)
O2
Regents Biology
Using ATP to do work?
A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second
Can’t store ATP too unstableonly used in cell
that produces itonly short term
energy storage carbohydrates & fats
are long term energy storage
ATP
ADP + P
work
Whoa! Pass me the
glucose & oxygen!
Adenosine DiPhosphate
Adenosine TriPhosphate
Regents Biology
A Body’s Energy Budget
eatfood
synthesis(building)
• energy needed even at rest
• activity• temperature
control{
• growth• reproduction• repair{
storage• glycogen
(animal starch)• fat{
ATP
Regents Biology
What if oxygen is missing? Can’t complete aerobic respiration
Fermentation (anaerobic respiration) alcohol fermentation
yeast glucose ATP + CO2+ alcohol make beer, wine, bread
lactic acid fermentation bacteria, animals
glucose ATP + lactic acid bacteria make yogurt animals feel muscle fatigue
O2
but only make a little bit of ATP!but only make a little bit of ATP!
Regents Biology
Glycolysis p. 97 Cytoplasm 2ATP-activation energy Glucose 2 pyruvic acids (pyruvates) 2 NAD2NADH 4 ADP4 ATP(substrate level
phosphorylation)
Regents Biology
Oxidation of pyruvic acid p. 98 Mitochondria 2 pyruvic acid2 acetyl 2 NAD2 NADH
2 CO2 given off
Regents Biology
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)p.99 occurs in matrix CoA ushers acetyl in Acetyl joins with O acid to form citric acid
2 CO2 are released
1 ATP made (substrate level phosphorylation) 3 NADH
1FADH2
Turns twice
Regents Biology
Electron Transport Chain p.100 Peter Mitchell Chemiosmosis Proton Gradient Oxidative phosphorylation Occurs in cristae NADH and FADH2 drop off electrons As electrons move down, protons are
pumped into intermembrane space Protons rush through ATP Synthase
and make 36 ATP